JPH07247527A - Wave absorbing pier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a wave absorbing pier which is excellent in wave absorbing functions against waves in port without damaging the function of a pier, and economical in a form which affords a wave absorbing function to the pier itself. CONSTITUTION:A floor slab 4 is installed under the surface of water of a pile type and open type wharf which forms a floor framing 3 on the upper end of a steel pipe pile 2 as a leg post, thereby integrating the floor slab 4 with the pile 2 in one piece. A retarding section which is shallow in water depth is formed by installing the floor slab 4, which makes it possible to provide efficient wave absorbing effect without increasing the depth of the wave absorbing pier. It is also possible to provide more efficient wave absorbing effect by installing a slit wall between the floor slab 4 and the floor framing 3 in terms of a retarding section on the floor slab 4 or installing a slit wall 6 which comprises a steel pipe pile 6a or the like to the front of the pier on the sea side.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wave-dissipating jetty in which a wave-dissipating function is added to a jetty which is a harbor facility for docking and cargo handling of ships.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional piers are generally used only for berthing and loading and unloading of ships, and generally do not consider the wave-dissipating function.

FIG. 8 shows a pile-type horizontal pier 1 which is the most common conventional pier, and is a revetment structure 10 for earth retaining.
Pile 2 as a pillar is placed on the front of the floor, and floor assembly 3 is placed on it.
To form a mooring facility.

On the other hand, in recent years, the quietness in the port has been improved,
In order to improve the utilization rate of cargo handling of ships, research has been conducted on piers, quays, seawall structures, and other harbor structures that have a wave-dissipating function.

FIG. 9 shows an example in which a low reflection quay wall is constructed by using a wave-dissipating block 21 on the quay wall 20, and FIG. 10 shows a space as a water-retaining portion 33 provided inside the quay wall block 31 with a slit portion 32. Is an example in which is provided.

FIG. 11 shows a conventional example in which a pile-type horizontal pier 41 is provided with a wave-dissipating function, and a large number of beam-shaped precast concrete blocks 43a, 43b are provided between the piles 42 constituting a pedestal.
Vertical wall 44 having a horizontal slit 45 connected by 43b
Is formed, and the combination of these with the slope shaping surface 46 of the seabed has a wave-dissipating function.

[0007]

Considering the necessity of the wave-dissipating function from the viewpoint of improving the mobility of small vessels in the port where pile-type horizontal piers are installed and the cargo handling, the waves to be wave-dissipated are Is relatively small and often has a long wavelength.

That is, since the seawalls and quay walls provided in the harbor are already in a state where large waves are prevented by the outer facilities such as breakwaters, inside the harbor, except for the vicinity of the port entrance, waves with small attenuation (relatively long period) Waves with small waveform gradient)
And the generated wave in the port acts.

The wave generated in the port has a short blowing distance, so that the wave height is not so large and the wavelength is short and easily attenuated.

Under such circumstances, in order to reduce the wave height of a wave having a long wavelength by the wave-dissipating function provided to the quay structure, the depth of the structure is often insufficient.

From this point of view, in the wave-dissipating block of FIG. 9, the target wave height is relatively small, and the energy dissipation effect for waves of long wavelength cannot be expected so much.

In addition, in the quay provided with the water retaining section in FIG.
It is necessary to increase the depth of the water retaining section according to the wavelength, which impairs the soil retaining function of the quay block or the economy of the quay revetment structure due to its large size.

Even in the structure in which the lower part of the pier is divided by blocks and the horizontal slit is formed in FIG. 11, in order to provide the wave breaking portion, a depth larger than the dimension required for the pier is required, which is not rational. In addition, the load on the pile as a pedestal increases, and it is necessary to design it accordingly. Furthermore, since many blocks are used, the cost of the blocks and the construction cost increase.

The present invention is intended to solve the problems in the prior art as described above, and in the form in which the wave-dissipating function is given to the jetty itself, the function of the jetty as a port facility is not impaired, and The purpose is to provide an economical wave-dissipating jetty with excellent wave-dissipating function.

[0015]

The wave-dissipating jetty according to claim 1 is characterized in that a floor slab is provided below the water surface of the piers of the jetty to form a water retaining section. That is, in order to improve the wave-dissipating effect according to the target wave, a floor surface having a width corresponding to the wavelength is formed just below the water surface directly under the jetty.

As a result, a water absorbing portion is formed on the upper part of the floor slab, and the wavelength is shortened on the floor surface. Therefore, a shorter water absorbing portion has a wave canceling effect on the target wave than in the case without the floor slab. To be

Further, since the height of the pedestal portion of the pier, which structurally constitutes a one-layer ramen consisting of the floor assembly and the pedestal, is substantially reduced by the presence of the intermediate floor slab, The degree of freedom in selecting the cross-section of the constituent piles is increased.

The shape of the floor slab is not particularly limited, and various designs can be made according to the target wave. The shape is not limited to a planar shape, and may be, for example, a shape having unevenness or a step shape. Furthermore, the floor slab is not limited to being installed horizontally, but can be tilted.

When the wavelength of the target wave is extremely long, it is possible to use a low reflection type quay structure together with the back seawall. In that case, it is considered that the back seawall and the floor slab of the wave-dissipating jetty of the present invention are in contact with each other or there is an interval.

The wave-dissipating pier corresponding to claim 2 is characterized by claim 1.
In the wave-dissipating pier corresponding to, a slit wall having a large number of slits is provided between the floor slab below the water surface and the floor assembly above the water surface. This slit wall is usually provided on the sea side, but various designs are possible such as other positions, or a plurality of slit walls with a space between the sea wall and the back thereof.
Further, in the depth direction, the slit wall may extend below the floor slab located below the water surface.

The slit wall is made of reinforced concrete, steel,
Others are not particularly limited, and the method of attaching to the pedestal is not particularly limited. Furthermore, the direction of the slit is not particularly limited, and may be horizontal, vertical, or a combination of different directions.

The wave-dissipating jetty corresponding to claim 3 is the same as in claim 1
Alternatively, a slit wall composed of piles or sheet piles driven at a predetermined interval is provided on at least the sea side of the wave-dissipating pier corresponding to 2.

By driving the piles or sheet piles at intervals, it is possible to easily form a slit wall having slits between the piles or sheet piles as slits. It is also possible to have a support function of a set. Further, it is also possible to use a structure in which a slit wall is provided between the floor slab and the floor assembly corresponding to claim 2.

According to the fourth aspect of the wave-dissipating pier, both sides of the sea and land at the bottom of the pier are closed by sheet pile walls, and a floor slab is provided on the upper part of the filling material filled between both sheet pile walls, and the upper part of both sheet pile walls. It is characterized in that a slit portion having a large number of slits is formed on the floor to form a water retaining portion on the floor slab.

By forming a water retaining portion on the upper part of the floor slab and shortening the wavelength on the floor surface, the point that the water absorbing portion against the target wave can be obtained with the shorter water retaining part compared to the case without the floor slab. This is similar to the case of claim 1.

In this case, the submerged dike is formed by the sheet pile walls on both sides of the land and sea and the filling material, and the structural stability of the jetty can be secured. Moreover, dredged soil or the like can be used as the filling material, and the construction cost can be reduced by simplifying the back revetment.

The wave-dissipating pier corresponding to claim 5 is claim 4
For the wave-dissipating pier corresponding to, the sheet pile that constitutes the sheet pile wall is used as part or all of the pedestal that constitutes the jetty. By forming a sheet pile pier with sheet piles as the pillars instead of piles, the construction can be simplified and the stability of the structure can be improved.

[0028]

EXAMPLE FIG. 1 shows an example of a wave-dissipating jetty according to claim 1, in which a steel pipe pile 2 constituting a pillar of a pile-type horizontal jetty 1 has a slab 4 made of reinforced concrete under water. Is integrally provided, and the installation depth dimension and the like of the floor slab 4 are selected with respect to the wavelength of the wave to be extinguished.

With respect to the method of attaching the floor slab 4, for example, a joint guide for the pile 1 (not shown, but a structure similar to that of a male or female joint of a steel pipe sheet pile can be used).
Is provided, and a joint member (not shown) of the floor slab 4 manufactured in advance is dropped along the joint guide, and the pile 2 and the floor slab 4 are fixed and integrated by filling the gap with mortar or the like. is there.

After that, the floor set 3 is provided on the upper end of the pile 1 in the same manner as a normal pile type horizontal jetty to construct a wave-dissipating jetty.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the wave-dissipating pier corresponding to claim 2. In addition to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a slit wall is further provided on the sea side between the floor slab 4 and the floor assembly 3. 5 corresponds to the one provided.

The slit wall 5 in this embodiment is manufactured integrally with the floor slab 4, and can be constructed in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG.

In the present invention, the floor slab 4 and the floor assembly 3 are used.
The slit wall 5 provided between the floor slab 4 and the slit wall 5 is not limited to the above, and may be manufactured separately from the floor slab 4, or may be made of different materials. . Further, although the slits are not shown, vertical slits, horizontal slits, and other shapes and sizes used in various conventional wave-dissipating structures can be used, and the scale, structure, target waves, etc. of the pier 1 can be used. Various designs are conceivable according to

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wave-dissipating jetty according to claim 3, which is a steel pipe pile having the same height as the crown height of the pile 2 on the sea side of the embodiment of FIG. A slit wall 6 in which 6a are discretely and densely arranged and a vertical slit is provided between the piles 6a.
Is formed.

In this embodiment, the slit wall 6 composed of a large number of piles 6a is integrated with the floor assembly 3 at the top end thereof and supports the floor assembly 3.

In addition to this embodiment, it is conceivable to use a steel pipe sheet pile instead of the pile 6a and use the sheet pile wall as a slit wall. In that case, a vertical slit can be formed in the upper part of the steel pipe sheet pile by removing the joint part.

Further, in this case, various designs are possible for the height and length of the vertical slit.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a wave-dissipating pier corresponding to the combination of claims 2 and 3, and the slit walls 5 on the floor slab 4 (three rows in the depth direction in this embodiment).
By providing the slit wall 6 on the sea side by the steel pipe pile 6a, a high wave-dissipating effect is expected.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a wave-dissipating jetty corresponding to claim 4.

In this embodiment, the sheet pile wall 7 is formed by placing the sheet piles 7a at predetermined intervals (in the jetty depth direction) on both sides of the land under the jetty 1 ', and the head of the sheet pile wall 7 is attached to the jetty 1'. It is integrated with the floor assembly 3 of.

Regarding the space between the sheet pile walls 7 on both sides of the land and sea,
A double sheet pile wall type submerged dike 8 is constructed by backfilling construction residual soil such as dredged soil as a filling material 8a up to a predetermined height, and a floor slab 4'by underwater concrete construction is formed on top of it.
The upper part is the water retention part.

The upper portion of the sheet pile wall 7 is a slit portion 7b, and a vertical slit is formed by removing the joint portion of the sheet pile 7a (slit is not shown).

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the wave-dissipating jetty according to claim 5, which has a structure in which the piles constituting the pier portion of the jetty 1 "are replaced with sheet piles 7a such as steel pipe sheet piles. , Sheet pile 7
A filling material 8a is filled between the sheet pile walls 7 on both sides of the land and sea formed by a, and a floor slab 4'is formed thereon.

A slit portion 7b is formed in the upper portion of the sheet pile wall 7 as in the case of FIG.

FIG. 7 corresponds to a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, in which the water slab on the floor slab 4'is filled with crushed stones 9 to widen the range of waves to be extinguished.

[0046]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The wave-dissipating jetty of the present invention has a floor slab provided below the water surface of the piers of the jetty, and a shallow water-holding portion is formed on the floor surface. The wavelength is shortened, and the wave-dissipating effect can be obtained in the water retaining section with a relatively short depth.

The floor slab itself may have a simple structure,
Workability is relatively easy and economical.

By providing a slit wall on the water retaining part on the floor slab or in front of the jetty, the wave-dissipating effect can be further improved and the structure is less wasteful.

In the inventions corresponding to claims 1 to 3, as a result, the floor slab stiffens the piers of the pier, and the structural stability of the pier is also improved. In addition, the design of the wave-dissipating pier will be the same as that of the conventional pier.

In the inventions corresponding to claims 4 and 5, since the wave-dissipating pier itself forms a gravity type dike, in addition to the wave-dissipating effect, a seawall structure behind the pier can be used with a relatively small earth retaining structure. There is an advantage.

In the inventions corresponding to claims 4 and 5, when the dredging is required in the harbor construction, the dredged soil can be utilized as a filling material for the double cut sheet pile.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing an example of a wave-breaking jetty corresponding to claim 1. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a wave-breaking jetty corresponding to claim 2.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a wave-breaking jetty corresponding to claim 3.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a wave-breaking jetty corresponding to the combination of claims 2 and 3.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a wave-breaking jetty corresponding to claim 4.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a wave-breaking jetty corresponding to claim 5.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the wave-breaking jetty according to claim 5;

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a conventional general pile-type horizontal jetty.

FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional wave-dissipating structure.

FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another example of the conventional wave-dissipating structure.

FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view showing an example of a conventional wave-dissipating jetty.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1 ', 1 "... Pier, 2 ... Piles, 3 ... Floor set, 4, 4' ...
Floor slab, 5 ... slit wall, 6 ... slit wall, 6a ... pile, 7
... sheet pile wall, 7a ... sheet pile, 7b ... slit part, 8 ... submerged bank,
8a ... filling material, 9 ... crushed stone, 10 ... revetment structure

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A wave-dissipating jetty, characterized in that, in a jetty formed by forming a floor set on top of a pedestal, a floor slab is provided below the water surface of the pedestal to form a water retaining section. 2. The breakwater jetty according to claim 1, wherein a slit wall having a large number of slits is provided between the floor slab and the floor assembly. 3. The breakwater jetty according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a slit wall constituted by piles or sheet piles driven at a predetermined interval is provided on at least the sea side of the jetty. 4. In a pier formed by forming a floor set on the upper part of a pedestal, the sea and land sides of the lower part of the pier are closed with sheet pile walls, and a slab is provided on the upper part of the filling material filled between the sheet pile walls. The breakwater jetty, characterized in that a slit portion having a large number of slits is formed in an upper portion of the both sheet pile walls to form a water retaining portion on the floor slab. 5. The breakwater jetty according to claim 4, wherein the sheet pile forming the sheet pile wall is used as a part or all of the pedestals forming the jetty.