JPH07238768A - Drilling direction control mechanism-equipped drilling device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to control its drilling direction without selecting a soil quality by driving a drilling device equipped with a direction control mechanism with a hydraulic pressure and moving the device back and forth while rotating rod with a pit whose tip surface is inclined. CONSTITUTION:This drilling device is supported and fixed rotatively with a chuck 9 of a device main body 8 which loads a rod mounted to a bit forming an inclined surface 6 at the tip opening on a rack 12. While the device main body 8 is being moved back and forth with a propelling hydraulic cylinder 13 by controlling a hydraulic control valve 18 and a solenoid valve 19 based on a signal transmitted from a rotary position detector 20, the rod 2 and the bit 1 are rotated so that drilling operation may be carried out, The rod 2 is arranged to stop its rotary motion and an propelling motion while the inclined surface 6 of the rod 2 is directed at the opposite side against its desired bending side. A tip 7 is pushed against the wall of a hole. When the device moves back one time and moves forth at a longer distance for one rotary motion of the rod 2 under this condition, only a portion of the hole wall to which the tip 7 of the rod 2 is pressed, is drilled. When this operation is repeated, it is possible to change the direction of excavation as required.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is mainly for collecting underground samples (cores) for exploring minerals existing in the ground, exploring hot springs and geothermal heat, and installing observation equipment in the ground. In order to form a hole in the ground or to form a hole with a relatively small diameter in the ground for forming a hole for burying a pipe for communication, water supply, etc., the direction of the hole can be controlled. Regarding the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a bit for forming a hole having a relatively small diameter in the ground, there is one in which the tip surface of a cylindrical bit is perpendicular to the center line of the bit. When this bit is rotated around the center line and a propulsive force is applied to drill a hole in the ground, the geological anisotropy and the drilling direction are horizontal, upward, downward slope, upward, downward vertical, etc. The influence of gravity applied to the bit and the rod is different depending on the difference between the two, and the drilled holes are bent differently depending on the accumulation of excavated debris at the hole bottom.

As a method of correcting the bending of the bit in the advancing direction, as shown in FIG. 8, the bit 1 and the rod 2 are once extracted from the hole 5, and a tapered wedge 4 is fixed to the bottom surface of the hole to fix the bit. There is a method in which the traveling direction is corrected by attaching 1 and the rod 2 to this. This method is intended for construction on rock, and if the ground is too soft, it is difficult to fix the wedge 4, and the direction cannot be expected to be corrected. If the wedge 4 does not have better wear resistance than the target rock mass, the wedge 4 may be cut or co-rotate, and the purpose cannot be achieved.

As shown in FIG. 9, the wedge 4 is fixed to the inner surface of the outer tube 3, the bit 1 and the rod 2 are inserted into the outer tube 3,
There is also a method of correcting the direction by advancing the rod 2 along with the wedge 4. This method has been used to repair boring holes in soft rock, but it uses bit 1 and rod 2
, And then the outer tube 3 to which the wedge 4 is fixed is inserted, the bit 1 and the rod 2 are inserted, and even after the correction, the bit 1, the rod 2 and the outer tube 3 are pulled out, and the wedge 4 is removed again. The outer tube 3, the bit 1 and the rod 2 must be inserted, and it takes time to correct.

When the wedge formed on the inclined surface whose entire tip is closed and inclined with respect to the central axis is rotated and pushed into the ground to form a hole in the ground and the direction is corrected, the rotation is stopped. There is a punching method in which the inclined surface is pushed toward the opposite side with respect to the direction in which the inclined surface is about to be bent, and the pressure received by the inclined surface is used to correct the drilling direction to the opposite side of the inclined surface.
No. 79 is proposed.

Since this method compacts the soil in the ground around the wedge to form a hole, it can be applied only to a loamy soil, a clay soil, a sandy soil, and other soil soils. In the gravel and stone layers, it is hard to advance the wedge. As shown in FIG. 7, if the front surface of the cylindrical bit 1 is inclined and opened, it is connected to the cylindrical rod 2, and the bit 1 is rotated and propelled, it can be applied to a gravel layer or a stone layer. However, also in this case, the correction method shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can only be adopted to correct the drilling direction.

A device in which the bit portion at the tip of the drilling rod is adapted to rotate independently and the direction of the bit is bent in the direction desired to be corrected to correct the drilling direction is also known, and most of them are known. It is used as a relatively large excavator for urban civil engineering. Although this device can be applied to all geological conditions, it cannot be applied when the diameter of the drilled hole is small, and the structure is complicated, expensive, and prone to failure.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses a relatively simple device and has a pore size of several cm to 100 c regardless of the geology.
An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling device with a drilling direction control mechanism, which is applicable to forming holes of about m in diameter and which can arbitrarily control the drilling direction.

[0009]

A drilling device with a drilling direction control mechanism according to the present invention has a cylindrical shape which is attached to the tip of a rod and which has an inclined surface on the side opposite to the rod side and is inclined with respect to a center line. , A rotating device that gives the bit a rotational movement about the center line of the rod, and a reciprocation of one reciprocation and an advance of a forward distance longer than the reverse distance for each integral rotation of the bit when correcting the drilling direction. And a back-and-forth moving device for giving to the bit.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, a cylindrical bit 1 having an inclined surface 6 in which one end of the cylinder is obliquely cut is provided, an inclined surface 6 is provided at the tip of a rod 2, and a rod 2 is provided on the rod 2 side. On the other hand, the one that is located on the opposite side and has the inclined surface 6 inclined with respect to the center line of the rod 2 is used. Bit 1 is made of wear-resistant alloy and its surface facing the hole bottom is made into a saw-tooth shape, or is made of hard metal and diamond particles are electrodeposited on the surface. It When using this rod 2 to form a hole in a certain direction, as shown in FIG. 7, the rod 2 is normally provided with a rotational motion about the center line of the rod 2 and a propulsive force to form a hole. To do.

When the cutting surface on the front surface of the bit 1 is perpendicular to the center line of the rod 2 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, cutting is performed on the entire surface. On the other hand, when the cutting surface of the bit 1 as shown in FIG. 7 forms the inclined surface 6 with respect to the center line of the rod 2, the cutting is performed mainly at the point 7. When applying pressure toward the same hole bottom to both,
The excavation pressure per unit area is larger when the front surface of the bit 1 is inclined than when it is provided at a right angle to the center line of the rod 2. Considering both the excavating pressure and the cutting surface, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 6 of the bit 1 is preferably around 45 °.

When it is desired to collect a sample of the stratum (core), the stratum separated into the inside of the bit 1 and entering the rod 2 is accommodated in the rod 2 as it is, and the rod is inserted at a suitable length. Pull 2 to the ground and collect the core.
In the case of forming a hole, when the stratum is soil or sandy, when the rod 2 is pulled out to the ground, the hole may collapse.
A method similar to the conventional method of pulling out the rod 2 to the ground leaving the sheath tube is performed. The soil, sand or clay that has entered the rod 2 is discharged to the ground as muddy water, or is discharged to the ground using a screw conveyor or the like. When the stratum is gravel or rocks, it is discharged as a core, or a crushing bit is provided in the rod 2 to crush and then discharged to the ground by water or a screw conveyor.
From time to time, it is also possible to rotate the rod 2 forward and backward to maintain the drilling direction.

In this way, the direction is bent during drilling,
When it is necessary to correct the direction, the apparatus of the present invention is used to direct the inclined surface 6 of the bit 1 to the opposite side to the side to be bent with the rotation and propulsion of the rod 2 stopped, After pressing the tip 7 of the bit 1 against the hole bottom, the rod 2
Is repeatedly applied to the bit 1 by the rotation of the center line of the axis of rotation, and the backward movement and the forward movement of a forward distance longer than the backward movement with the rotation of the rod 2, and one reciprocation is made every time the bit 1 rotates an integral number of times. When the rotating bit 1 is most advanced during one reciprocation, the tip 7 of the bit 1 is directed in the direction desired to advance the drilling.

[0014]

The reason why the drilling direction is corrected by the above method will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6
In, the bending direction of the bit 1 is diagonally downward left along the plane of the drawing. The figure corresponds to the side sectional view. As shown in FIG. 7, when it is necessary to bend the drilling direction during drilling by applying rotation and propulsive force to the rod 2, the inclined surface 6 of the bit 1 is shown with the rotation and propulsion of the rod 2 stopped. As shown in 2, the tip 7 is pressed against the bottom of the hole, facing away from the side to be bent. Then, the bit 1 is given a rotational movement about the center line of the rod 2 and, for example, a back-and-forth movement that moves backward once for each rotation of the rod 2 and advances a distance longer than the backward distance.

Then, when the inclined surface 6 of the bit 1 is rotated by 90 ° in the direction opposite to that of FIG. 2, the bit 1 retreats with the rotation, so that it is separated from the hole bottom as shown in FIG. When it is rotated further 90 °, it is further separated from the bottom of the hole, and the inclined surface 6 of the bit 1 becomes opposite to that shown in FIG. 2 as shown in FIG. Since it rotates 90 ° from this position and moves forward at the same time, as shown in FIG. 5, the tip 7 of the bit 1 approaches the bottom of the hole and its inclined surface 6 faces this side. 90 more
Rotate to the opposite side and move forward at the same time, returning to the state of FIG.

When returning to the state of FIG. 2, since the front-rear distance is longer than the reverse distance, excavation is performed before and after FIG. 2, and as a result, of the entire circumference of the hole bottom, bit 1 of FIG. Point 7
Will be cut only at the portion (a) pressed against the bottom of the hole, and as the cutting progresses, the bottom of the hole is formed into a shape just surrounding the bit 1 in FIG. 2 as shown in FIG. The drilling direction is bent from the xx direction to the yy direction.

It should be noted that the back-and-forth movement may be one reciprocation every two revolutions of the bit 1, or one reciprocation every three revolutions, but since the cutting is performed only when the bit 1 is in contact with the bottom of the hole, this is done. Cutting efficiency is 1 compared to one reciprocation per revolution
It decreases to / 2 and 1/3.

After correcting the drilling direction as described above, FIG.
As shown in Fig. 6, rotation and propulsion are applied to the rod 2 to advance the drilling in a fixed direction. However, since the bottom of the hole is as shown in Fig. 6, the rod 2 cannot be rotated as it is, so the rod 2 is once retracted. After that, the hole bottom is returned to the state shown in FIG. 7 by rotating and gradually advancing to continue the perforation.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Example 1 A test was carried out using the punching device shown in FIG. 1, which is a specific example of the device of the present invention. In this punching device, a rod 2 having a bit 1 attached to its tip is fixed by a chuck 9 of a device body 8 and is rotatably supported with respect to the device body 8. The device body 8 is provided with a rotary hydraulic motor 10,
By giving the chuck 9 a rotational movement, the rod 2 and the bit 1 are rotated.

The apparatus main body 8 is placed on a pedestal 12 and is movably mounted in the longitudinal direction of the rod 2 by a support wheel 11.
Supported by. Further, the device body 8 is fixed to the outer wall of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 13 arranged in the pedestal 12, and one end of the piston rod 15 of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 13 has one end.
It is fixed at 2. Oil supply to the cylinder chamber 17a on the fixed end side of the piston rod 15 of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 13 and the cylinder chamber 17b on the opposite side thereof is switched by an electromagnetic switching valve 19.

Therefore, when the cylinder chamber 17a of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 13 is refueled, the device body 8 advances in the direction of the bit 1, and when the cylinder chamber 17b on the opposite side is refueled, the device body 8 retracts. Further, an oil amount adjusting valve 18 is provided between the electromagnetic switching valve 19 and the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 13,
The amount of oil supplied to the two cylinder chambers 17a and 17b can be adjusted separately. Reference numeral 21 is a hydraulic motor, 22 is a manual switching valve, and 23 is a relief valve.

Further, a rotational position detector 20 for detecting the rotational position of the bit 1 is attached to the main body 8 of the apparatus, and the electromagnetic switching valve 19 is switched by the signal thereof. That is, when the tip 7 of the bit 1 arrives at a predetermined position, the rotary position detector 20 is activated, and the signal is used to switch the electromagnetic switching valve 19. If necessary, the rotary position detector 20 and the electromagnetic switching valve 19 are not used, and the forward / backward movement of the bit 1 can be controlled by the manual switching valve 22.

In FIG. 1, the tip 2 of the bit 1 is set to the lower side as shown in the drawing, and the rod 2 is fixed by the chuck 9 to fix the bit 1
The rotation position detector 20 outputs a signal at a position half a turn (180 °) after starting the backward movement, and the electromagnetic switching valve 19 is switched, whereby the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 13 causes the bit 1 to move forward together with the device main body 8. The rotation position detector 20 sends a signal again at a position where the rotation is started by a half turn, and the bit 1 moves backward.

In this way, the bit 1 repeats the back-and-forth motion at a predetermined rotational position, but the actual excavation length is expressed as the difference between the forward step distance and the backward step distance. This step distance is soil quality,
Since it depends on the sand quality, the pipe diameter, etc., the forward step distance is adjusted by the oil amount adjusting valve 18a and the backward step distance is adjusted by the oil amount adjusting valve 1 so that the step distance can be set according to each physical property.
8b to adjust to a proper step distance.

In this punching device, the bit 1 has an outer diameter of 16
A steel pipe having a diameter of 5 mm, an inner diameter of 151 mm, and an inclined surface 6 having an angle of 45 ° was attached to the cylindrical rod 2, and the clay soil was excavated horizontally for 16 m. At this time, the tip 7 of the bit 1 is directed to the left so that the direction of perforation is intentionally bent to the left, and the rotational position detector 20 is set to operate at this position and at a position where it has been half rotated, and the rotational speed is 1.5. Excavation was performed by setting ˜3 rpm, forward step distance 25 cm, and backward step distance 20 cm.

After the excavation test, the inside of the pipe of the rod 2 was measured every 2 m. As a result, a 10 cm displacement (6.25%) was generated on the left side in the horizontal direction at the final excavation point while drawing a curve gradually from the base of the excavation hole, and the vertical direction. No displacement was observed.

Embodiment 2 In the same punching device as in Embodiment 1, the bit 1 has an outer diameter 406.
mm, an inner diameter of 392 mm, a steel pipe having an inclined surface 6 with an angle of 45 ° was attached to the rod 2, and clayey soil was excavated horizontally for 15 m. At this time, the tip 7 of the bit 1 is directed to the left so as to intentionally bend the drilling direction to the left, and the rotational position detector 20 is set to operate at this position and a half-rotated position, and the rotational speed is 1.5 rpm. The forward step distance was 10 cm and the backward step distance was 8 cm.

After the excavation test, the inside of the pipe of the rod 2 was measured every 4 m. As a result, the pipe diameter was large and it was difficult to make a curve of the pipe, but the displacement to the left in the horizontal direction at the final excavation point was 10 c.
It was a displacement of m (6.67%), and no displacement in the vertical direction was observed.

Example 3 The same punching device as in Example 1 was used.
A steel pipe having an inner diameter of 490 mm, an inner diameter of 490 mm, and an inclined surface 6 having an angle of 68 ° was attached to the rod 2, and soil having a gravel layer containing boulders was excavated horizontally for 16 m. At this time, the tip 7 of the bit 1 is directed downward so that the drilling direction is intentionally bent downward, and the rotational position detector 20
Was set to operate, and the rotation speed was set to 1.5 rpm, the forward step distance was 12 cm, and the backward step distance was 8 cm.

After the excavation test, the inside of the pipe of the rod 2 was measured every 2 m, and as a result, the average gradient from the excavation mouth to the final excavation point was 9%.
(The displacement was 14.4 cm with a slight increase).
However, in the stratum with such bad conditions, it is general that the excavation is displaced by about 25% upward in normal excavation.
In the present embodiment, it was found that the amount of displacement can be suppressed to 1/2 to 1/3 or less of the normal displacement amount, and it can be sufficiently put to practical use.

[0031]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, the present invention can be applied to the case where a hole having a hole diameter of several cm to 100 cm is formed regardless of the geology by using a relatively simple device, and the hole direction can be arbitrarily controlled. It is possible to provide the control method and the punching device thereof.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a specific example of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bit 1 for changing the drilling direction of the method of the present invention.
It is explanatory drawing of the first state of.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the bit 1 when changing the drilling direction rotates 90 ° from the beginning and at the same time retracts half of the retracting step.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the bit 1 when changing the drilling direction rotates 180 ° from the beginning and at the same time the retracting process is retracted to the end.

FIG. 5: When changing the drilling direction, bit 1 rotates 270 ° from the beginning and at the same time, halves (90 °) from the final retracted position.
It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which advanced.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a state of the hole bottom when the drilling direction is being changed.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a state of a hole bottom during drilling in a fixed direction by a bit 1.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a conventional method of changing a drilling direction during drilling using a bit 1 having a tip formed at right angles to a center line.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of another conventional method different from FIG. 8 in which the drilling direction is changed during drilling using the bit 1 whose tip is formed at right angles to the center line.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 bit 2 rod 3 outer tube 4 wedge 5 hole 6 inclined surface 7 tip 8 machine body 9 chuck 10 rotary hydraulic motor 11 support wheel 12 mount 13 propulsion hydraulic cylinder 14 piston 15 piston rod 16 fixed end 17a, 17b cylinder chamber 18 oil quantity Adjustment valve 19 Electromagnetic switching valve 20 Rotational position detector 21 Hydraulic motor 22 Manual switching valve 23 Relief valve

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical bit attached to the tip of a rod and having an opening on the opposite side to the rod side that is inclined with respect to the center line, and rotation about the center line of the rod. It is characterized by comprising a rotating device for giving a motion, and a back-and-forth moving device for giving a reciprocation of one reciprocation and an advance of a forward distance longer than the backward distance to the bit every time the bit rotates an integer number of times when the drilling direction is corrected. Drilling device with drilling direction control mechanism. 2. A device main body that rotatably supports a rod to which a bit is attached, a pedestal that supports the device main body movably in the length direction of the rod, and an end of the piston rod that fixes the device main body to an outer wall. Propulsion hydraulic cylinder fixed to the pedestal, switching valve that switches oil supply to the cylinder chamber on the fixed end side of the piston rod and the cylinder chamber on the opposite side, and the oil amount that adjusts the oil supply amount to both cylinder chambers. The drilling device with a drilling direction control mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising a regulating valve. 3. A rotary position detector for detecting a rotary position of a bit attached to the apparatus main body, and an electromagnetic switching valve as a switching valve for switching refueling, and the switching valve is switched by a signal from the rotational position detector. The punching device with a punching direction control mechanism according to claim 2, wherein 4. A perforation apparatus with a perforation direction control mechanism according to claim 2, further comprising a manual switching valve as a switching valve for switching the oil supply.