JPH072096B2 - Ruminant breeding method and feeding equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention a. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for feeding a ruminant and a feeding tool.

B. Conventional technology The current situation is that a business cannot be completed without complete control of feeding as a form of cattle feeding.

However, the basis of feed is roughage and concentrate.

The examples are given below.

○ Concentrated feeds with high TDN (total digestible nutrients) Corn, barley, wheat, soybeans, soybean meal, and feed rice.

Highly starchy corn, wheat, barley and oats.

Highly fibrous materials Peat pulp, cottonseed, wheat bran, soybean hulls, beer lees.

Fatty products Cottonseed, soybean, rice bran.

High protein content Soybean meal, linseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, and others. ○ As roughage, wild grass, hay, hay cubes, various silages, rice straw, etc. are typical.

As for the method of feeding, the type of feed and the feeding method are changed depending on the purpose, whether it is a lactating cow or a beef cattle and other more detailed classification of target cows.

The feeding method is extremely diverse, for example, lactation and the latter stage must be changed, and breeding cows during feeding, rearing cows, etc. need to be designed over a wide range, such as the early fattening period and the late fattening period. There are many kinds of foods just by looking at the above-mentioned feeds, and various kinds are selected and combined from the feeds, and the feeds are designed according to the purpose, and the feeding method is adopted. However, for concentrated feed, the feeding method is already mechanized and automated, but rough feed is not easily automated and mechanized, and a wide stock space receiving warehouse is required for feeding.

Concentration feed is often easy to control in the feeding of cattle, but roughage has a significant effect on the action of the rumen (ruminous stomach), which is the basis of feeding cattle, for both dairy cows and beef cattle. This is where most cows need the most control.

The reason is that it directly leads to rumen fermentation. That is, the rumen of cattle is not of the type that directly produces digestive enzymes, but decomposes and synthesizes the feed components by the action of the bacteria and protozoa inhabiting them. First, feed starch, crude fiber, and sugar are decomposed to produce volatile fatty acids (VFA) that serve as energy for microbial growth. At the same time, it decomposes feed protein and non-protein nitrogen into ammonia to synthesize bacterial protein, and further protozoa proliferates to form protozoa protein. These are linked to the production of milk protein and beef protein.

In addition, the fat of feed is decomposed to form fatty acid and glycerol, and glycerol is converted to propionic acid or the like to improve the synthesis of cattle fat. Further, the unsaturated fatty acid in the feed is saturated to be a saturated fatty acid.

However, in order to promote this rumen fermentation smoothly, rough rigidity and bulkiness of the roughage are necessary, and the so-called roughage's physical properties can stimulate the mucous membrane of the rumen to form and maintain healthy semi-villus, The rumination and rumen movement are promoted.

This rumination causes the secretion of saliva, and the sodium bicarbonate contained in saliva maintains the pH in the lumen.

If the physical properties of the roughage are low, the lumen activity will slow down,
Rumination is reduced, which results in less saliva secretion, lower pH in the lumen, and effects on bacteria and protozoa in the lumen.

In addition, abnormal fermentation of rumen, digestive disorders such as abomasum displacement, and ketosis, milk fever, postpartum stagnation, etc. are likely to occur before and after parturition. For this reason, feeding roughage is extremely important, requiring 1/3 or more of the total dry matter and 1.5% or more of the body weight. The crude fiber content, which is a method of displaying the crude fiber content of feed, is 9% for fattening cattle feed, 15 to 17% for lactating cows, and 25% or less for adult cattle. It is said that.

C. Problems to be Solved However, even if the nutritional aspects of the forage, that is, the cellulose, protein, minerals, etc. of the forage can be replaced by the concentrate or the like, the physical properties of the forage cannot be replaced. Therefore, it is considered that the physical properties of the roughage alone can be replaced by other materials, and, for example, the one in which a product obtained by cutting vinyl chloride fiber has been proposed. In this case, the physical function of the roughage had a sufficient effect, but the vinyl fiber, which was crushed by rumination and increased in the amount of feces, and which was difficult to decompose in cow dung, could not be returned to the land and would be a problem. , Was not practical.

Rough forage is 1.5 times more expensive than concentrated forage and 3 times more expensive per digestible nutrient. Further normal weight 500k
The cow's excrement of g is 52 kg of feces and 8 kg of urine, totaling 60 kg, and the undigested portion of the roughage is 4 to 5 kg of the actual amount of raw feces. The burden is increasing.

Also, when the crude fiber ratio becomes too high when feeding roughage,
The energy intake per unit becomes small, there is a limit for raising the nutritional level, and it limits productivity improvement. On the other hand, if it is low, there are problems such as digestive disorders and milk fat decrease, and it is not easy to secure the appropriate amount. Absent.

Therefore, the detergent method has been proposed as an analysis method for feeds. The portion insoluble in neutral detergent (NDF), which is related to bulkiness and feeding efficiency, and the portion insoluble in acidic detergent (ADF, which is related to digestibility), have been proposed. ), It was reported that ADF content of 19% or more was required to prevent low-fat milk in relation to milk components, and NDF content of about 35% also increased the milk fat percentage to the highest level. Is said to be supplemented with roughage.

Thus, feeding roughage is technically extremely difficult.

C. Means for Solving Problems Therefore, in the present invention, the crude fiber for the purpose of serving as a nutrient source of the roughage is fed with other short fiber, so that the roughage feeding work can be mechanized and automated. become. The rumen mucosa can be kept healthy by allowing a substance that replaces the physical properties of the roughage to stay in the rumen. or,
As a result, it is possible to reduce or stop feeding roughage,
In addition, the amount of excrement can be reduced thereby, and the processing cost can be reduced.

Further, the rumen retention material can be provided at an extremely low price as compared with the roughage, and the feeding cost can be reduced.

The present invention proposes such a method, which is formed to have a small diameter at the time of administration, and an elastic stimulating portion is projected in the outer peripheral direction due to expansion and expansion in the stomach so that the large diameter is not discharged from the stomach. And the elastic stimulating portion is used to substitute the physical properties of the forage to the stomach wall, and as a tool for this purpose, a retentate in which the stimulating portion is bulged in the outer peripheral direction on the substrate. The present invention proposes a feeding tool characterized in that a small diameter is formed by focusing of a stimulating portion and the like, and is fixed by a material that dissolves or separates in the stomach.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. 1 is a staying thing. The structure is as follows if one example is shown. Wires 2,2 are base wires, and synthetic resin strips 3,3, ...
It is formed into a brush shape by pinching and twisting the wires 2, 2. The wire 2 may be formed by folding one piece and sandwiching the synthetic resin strips 3, 3 ,. Also synthetic resin strip
3,3, ... can be natural fibers. Further, instead of using the wire 2, a synthetic resin core, an expansive synthetic resin body, or the like, which is made up of synthetic resin strips or natural fibers 3, 3 ,. Alternatively, the wire 2 may be made of a shape memory alloy or a shape memory resin to have a spherical shape or a swollen shape in the lumen, or a shape such as a scrubbing brush.

This synthetic resin strip or natural fiber 3 is planted on the wire 4 around the circumference of the wire 4, and its diameter is maintained from the inside of the cardia to the oral cavity of the cafeteria and the diameter which is not transferred to the rumen or later. Is required. Therefore, the diameter is 12 cm or more,
A length of 12 cm or less is effective. The synthetic resin strip 3 is paper,
It is wound or solidified with a tape, other thin film, thread, glue 4, etc., and wound to form a small diameter. Alternatively, it is also recommended to store it in a capsule 5 formed of a substance to be dissolved such as a skin in the middle.

In addition, the staying material 1 may be stored in a capsule 5 after the synthetic resin strip 3 or the like is converged and formed by paper, a thin film or the like 4.

These papers, tapes, capsules, etc. are preferably dissolved in the stomach, or the adhesive parts of the papers, tapes, etc. may be dissolved. Further, as the yarn, a soluble one such as sorbulon can be used.

It is recommended that this small bundled diameter should be formed within 3 cm so that there is no obstacle even when passing through the dining room.

At the time of administration of this capsule 5, a tube is used and dropped into the pharynx of a cow and swallowed. At that time, after the capsule 5 arrives in the lumen, it spreads or melts, converges, and the synthetic resin strips 3, 3, ... Wound into a small diameter are restored and expanded, and return to a large diameter. . Then, it moves freely in the stomach with routine exercise. At that time, it hits the gastric mucosa, particularly stimulating the cardia, which causes rumination movement. Further, the size is such that it is not transported back to the mouth of the dining room from the cardia and is not transported after the third stomach, and it stays in the loin permanently and continues its stimulation.

When observed by a cow fitted with a fisteller, it was confirmed that the accumulated matter moved to each part of the stomach on average. In addition, Kabucel 5 was dissolved and completely decomposed and disappeared 6 hours after administration. As shown in the attached table, when observing the changes in the properties of the solution in the rumen of fattening cattle, this product was retained every 3 weeks for a period of feeding fibrous feed, that is, rice straw having a cut length of a certain length or longer, while feeding them It was confirmed that the fractionation of lower volatile fatty acids had a function of physically acting as a fiber for the above-mentioned period. In addition, at that time, the properties of the rumen mucous membrane,
The semi-villus tissue can maintain its normal condition without any change.

The tests shown in this appendix were based on the following conditions.

1. The rumen solution in each test period was measured on the third lap of each cow.

2. In the second test period, feeding of fibrous feed with a cut length of 25 mm or more was stopped, and beet pulp of fibrous feed with fine particles was increased.

3. Doubled whiskey meal in the third test period.

4. In the 3rd test period, PH was recovered by administration of the present invention's retentate,
A also recovered, but C2 acetate was insufficient. However, since the C3 propionate is increased, it is considered that the fattening efficiency is improved.

This test was conducted on fattening cows, and for lactating cows it is advisable to consider methods for ensuring the production rate of C2 acetate.

Furthermore, in the refeeding of 10 or more heifers with an average weight of 550 kg, 3
The animals were divided into groups and fed for 6 to 7 months, reaching a body weight of 700 to 750 kg.

In addition to the usual feed, the feeding of dry rice straw was stopped in any of the herds, and the retentate of the present invention was administered to 5 of them, and finally the expected meat quality was obtained. The excretion amount was reduced by about 10%.

E. EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention as described above, it is formed to have a small diameter at the time of administration, and the elastic stimulating portion is projected in the outer peripheral direction due to expansion and expansion in the stomach so that it has a large diameter that is not discharged from the stomach. At the same time, by moving the inside of the stomach and replacing the physical properties of the forage against the stomach wall by the elastic stimulating portion, further forming a retentate in which the stimulating portion is bulged in the outer peripheral direction on the substrate to form a small diameter by focusing the stimulating portion, etc. Since the present retentate is extremely simple in structure because it is characterized by being dissolved or separated by a material that separates in the stomach, its usage is simple by simply administering it to cattle, and its action is also It can fulfill its role sufficiently as a physical substitute for roughage and can stop feeding fibrous roughage for a certain period of time.

This not only has an economical effect by reducing the cost of roughage, which is more expensive than concentrated feeds such as cereals, but also enables automation of feeding by fragmenting other feeds, resulting in improved workability.

In addition, the amount of excrement can be reduced, which is a great contribution to the rationalization of livestock management.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a spread state of a staying substance according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state of being wound with a thin film.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the retained substance is stored in a capsule, and FIG. 4 is a table showing the properties of the solution in the lumen when the present retained substance is used. 1 ... Retained material, 2 ... Wire, 3 ... Synthetic resin strip, 4 ... Thin film, 5 ... Capsule.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A small diameter is formed at the time of administration, and an elastic stimulating portion is projected in the outer peripheral direction by expanding and expanding in the stomach,
A method for feeding ruminants, characterized in that the ruminant is constituted to have a large diameter so as not to be excreted from the stomach and retained in the stomach, and that it moves in the stomach to substitute the physical property of the forage to the stomach wall by stimulation. 2. A resident substance, which is a stimulant bulging in the outer peripheral direction, is formed into a small diameter by focusing at a stimulating portion or the like, and is focused by a material that dissolves or separates in the stomach. Feeding equipment to do.