JPH07209282A - Calorific value measuring apparatus for coal and powder sample - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To fully automate the measurement by fully automating a series of operations including the sampling, drying, adsorbing and weighing before and after adsorption, measuring the moisture adsorption rate and ash rate of powder coal, and then determining the calorific value based on the measurements. CONSTITUTION:A computor 102 controls a robot hand 9, an electronic balance 3, and the like and automates each operation. A sample cup P is transferred from a conveyor 103 onto the table of a fixed quantity sampler 1 where the weight of a container C is measured by means of a balance 3 and then a powder coal S is sampled by about 1g. After smoothing the surface of the container C by means of a smoothing unit 2, the container C is dried for about 30min in an infrared drier 4 and cooled down to the room temperature on a cooling table 6b before the dry weight is measured by means of the balance 3. Subsequently, the container C is set in a constant humidity thermostatic bath 5 and after leaving as it is for a predetermined time, it is weighed by means of the balance 51. The computor 102 determines the moisture absorptivity based on the dry and wet weights and then calculates the calorific value based on the moisture absorptivity and an ash rate data previously determined by a fluorescent X-ray analyzer, for example.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coal calorific value measuring device used in a thermal power plant, etc., and a powder used for collecting a coal sample powder in the measurement of such a calorific value. The present invention relates to a sampling device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a bomb calorimeter has been used to measure the calorific value of coal. The bomb calorimeter burns sample coal powder (about 1 g) in a cylinder,
A measurement device that uses a method (measurement method specified in JIS M 8814) that absorbs the amount of heat generated by this combustion in a fixed volume of water and determines the calorific value (calorie number) for 1 g of sample from the temperature rise of the water due to the heat absorption Is.

[0003]

By the way, in a thermal power plant, automation of coal calorific value measurement is required in order to improve the efficiency of power generation control.

However, since a measuring device such as a bomb calorimeter actually burns coal to measure the calorific value,
At the time of measurement, a complicated operation such as putting a coal sample in a cylinder and completely tightening the lid of the cylinder is required. Therefore, there is a problem that automation of the calorific value measurement is difficult to achieve.

Further, in this type of coal calorific value measuring device,
For example, a sampling method is adopted in which the sample coal powder is packed in a sample transport cup and supplied to the device by a belt conveyor or the like, and a sample of a certain volume is sampled from the sample transport cup and used for calorific value measurement. However, in order to automate the calorific value measurement, it is necessary to achieve such automation of sampling as well.

Therefore, the present invention provides a coal calorific value measuring device capable of automatically measuring the calorific value of coal, and in measuring such a calorific value of coal, a sample coal powder of a fixed capacity is automatically measured. An object of the present invention is to provide a powder sample collecting device capable of collecting.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a coal calorific value measuring apparatus of the present invention comprises a container C having an open upper part, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 corresponding to an embodiment. The lid F, a collecting device 1 for collecting a fixed amount of the sample coal powder S in the container C, a leveling device 2 for flattening the sample coal powder S collected in the container C to a uniform thickness, and a drier. 4, a constant temperature and humidity chamber 5 in which an electronic balance 51 is built in, an electronic balance 3 arranged outside this chamber, and handling means for carrying the container C and the lid F (for example, the robot hand 9 and the hand 52 in the layer). ), An arithmetic means, and a control part, and the control part drives and controls each of the above-mentioned devices and handling means to sample and level the container C and store the container C in the dryer 4. After the coal powder S has been dried and the coal powder S has been dried, A drying process of covering the C with the lid F, a dry weight measurement in which the processed container C is placed on the plate of the electronic balance 5, and a container C after the weight measurement are carried into the constant temperature and humidity chamber 5 and Each of the hygroscopic treatment of placing the lid F on the plate of the electronic balance 51, removing the lid F to expose the coal powder S in the container C to a constant humidity atmosphere, and covering the lid F after a lapse of a predetermined time, and the weight measurement after the hygroscopic treatment. It is characterized in that the treatment is performed sequentially, and the arithmetic means is configured to calculate the moisture adsorption rate from the change in the weight measurement value of the sample coal powder before and after the moisture absorption.

Further, the powder sampling apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 corresponding to the embodiment, has a table 11 on which the sample cup P is placed and a size outside the opening of the sample cup P. A pipe 12 having a small diameter, and a support member 10 for supporting the pipe 12 above the table 11 in a posture along a direction substantially orthogonal to the upper surface of the table 11.
And a tubular member that surrounds the side periphery of the pipe 12 and is slidably arranged with respect to the pipe 12, and the table 1
1. The slide cover 13 having a shape in which the end surface facing 1 is in contact with the peripheral edge of the opening portion of the sample cup P, the table 11 and the pipe 12 are relatively moved, and the end surface of the pipe 12 is moved to the sample cup on the table 11. It is characterized in that it is provided with an elevating means (for example, an air cylinder 15) that contacts the inner bottom surface of P and a rotating means (for example, a rotary actuator 16) that rotates the support member 10 about a substantially horizontal axis.

[0009]

The function of the coal calorific value measuring device of the present invention is basically
The water adsorption rate of coal powder and the ash content of coal are measured, and the calorific value of coal is determined from these measured values, so the calorific value is measured without actually burning the sample coal powder. In addition, when measuring the amount of adsorbed water, a series of operations such as container movement during drying / adsorption and weight measurement before and after the adsorption are automated by a handling means such as a robot hand. Further, the powder sampling device of the present invention can automatically collect a fixed amount of a sample in a container, and by applying this sampling device to the coal calorimeter of the present invention, a sampling process It is possible to fully automate a series of operations for measuring the calorific value of coal, including.

Here, in the powder sampling apparatus of the present invention,
When the end surface of the pipe 12 hits the bottom surface of the sample cup P due to the relative movement of the table 11 and the pipe 12,
A fixed amount of the sample coal powder S is cut out, and then only the sample coal powder S cut into the pipe 12 by the rotation of the support member 10 is taken out of the sample cup P.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an external view of the embodiment, and (a) and (b) are a side view and a plan view, respectively.

First, the measuring system 101 of this device comprises a constant volume sampling device 1, a leveling device 2, an electronic balance 3, an infrared dryer 4, a constant temperature and constant humidity layer 5, a cooling table 6a and a lid mounting table 6b, and a discharge hopper 7. The measuring system 101 is provided with a robot hand 9 for handling the container C and the lid F in each of the above devices.

The constant volume sampling device 1 is a device for automatically sampling a fixed amount of the sample coal powder S from the sample cup P conveyed by the sample carry-in conveyor 103 (a specific structure is shown in FIGS. (See FIG. 5).

The leveling device 2 is a device for leveling the sample coal powder S collected in the container C to a uniform thickness. As shown in FIG. 6, a vibration table 21 on which the container C is placed and its vibrations. Is provided and the container C placed on the table 21 is vibrated to flatten the sample coal powder S in the container. The vibration table 21
The container is provided with a positioning boss 21a for preventing the container C from moving due to vibration and dropping from the table.

The electronic balance 3 is used to measure the weight of the container C, the lid F, and a dry sample described later, and each measured value is stored in the computer 102. The infrared dryer 4 is a device for drying the sample coal powder S until it becomes an absolutely dry state, and the cooling table 6b is used for returning the dried sample coal powder S to room temperature.

The constant temperature and humidity chamber 5 contains an electronic balance 51 and a hand 52 for opening and closing the lid F of the container C placed on the plate of the balance. A shutter 53 is provided at the loading / unloading port of the constant temperature and humidity chamber 5, and the fan 54 is a fan for stirring air in the chamber.

Then, the computer 102 drives and controls the above-mentioned devices and the robot hand 9 by an operation described later, and takes in each output signal of the two electronic balances 3 and 51 to measure their respective measured values. It is configured to calculate and output a calorific value Q, which will be described later, from two measured values of the moisture absorption rate obtained from the above and the ash content previously measured by a fluorescent X-ray analyzer or the like.

Next, the measurement procedure of the embodiment of the present invention will be described together with the operation of the robot hand 9. First, the sample cup P sent by the sample carry-in conveyor 103
(Coal dust stuffed) is placed on the table 11 of the constant volume sampling device 1 (see FIGS. 4 and 5), and the container C placed on the container / lid stand 6c is placed on the plate of the electronic balance 3. Then, the weight is measured, and thereafter, the sample coal powder S of about 1 g is sampled in the container C by being placed on the upper frame 10a of the constant volume sampling device 1. In parallel with this operation, the lid F is taken out from the container / lid stand 6c, and its weight is measured to remove the lid 6a.
Keep it on top. Further, the weight measurement values of the container C and the lid F are stored in the computer 102.

The container C, which has been sampled as described above, is placed in the leveling device 2 to level the sample coal powder S, and then the container C is placed in the tank of the infrared dryer 4 for about 30 minutes. Do some drying. It has been confirmed that the sample coal powder S collected in the container C is in an absolutely dry state after being dried for about 10 to 15 minutes in a flattened state.

Then, after covering the container C with the lid F in the tank of the infrared dryer 4, the container C is placed on the cooling table 6b and cooled to room temperature, and then the container C is placed on the plate of the electronic balance 3. Put
The weight (dry weight) is measured with the lid F covered, and the measured value is stored in the computer 102.

Next, the container C is conveyed to the inside of the constant temperature and constant humidity tank 5 with the lid closed and placed on the plate of the electronic balance 51 in the tank, and in this state, the lid F is placed in the hand 52 of the tank. And the sample coal powder S in the container C is removed in a constant temperature and constant humidity atmosphere at a temperature of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 75% for a predetermined time (for example, 30
Min.), Cover with the lid F, measure the weight (weight after moisture absorption) in this state, and measure the measured value.
Take in 02. During the weight measurement, the air agitation in the tank is temporarily stopped.

Thereafter, the container C is taken out from the constant temperature and humidity chamber 5, the lid F is removed, and the sample coal powder S in the container C is discharged to the discharge hopper 7 and discharged to the outside of the measuring system 101 by vacuum, Next, after placing each of the container C and the lid F in the cleaning device 8 and thoroughly cleaning them by air blow,
The container / lid stand 6c is set, and at this point, one cycle of measurement is completed.

Then, the computer 102 uses the dry weight W1 obtained from the measured output of the electronic balance 3 outside the tank and the post-hygroscopic weight W2 obtained from the measured output of the electronic balance 51 of the constant temperature and humidity tank 5 to determine the water content. Moisture absorption rate: x = (W2-W1) /
W1 is calculated, and the calorific value Q is calculated by using the data of the ash content y separately input (input by communication) and the above calculation result x, and the expression of Q = A-bx-cy ... Calculated from and output. Where, at A,
b and c are device value constants, Q'measured separately by the measuring method specified in JIS, x, and x by the device of the embodiment of the present invention.
It is determined by the least square method or the like using the measured value of y.
In addition, for the weighing output of the two electronic balances 5 and 51,
The weights of the container C and the lid F are included, but since these weights are measured before sampling, they can be canceled by the arithmetic processing in the computer 102.

Next, a specific configuration example of the constant volume sampling device 1 used in the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. First, the support member 10 includes an upper underframe 10a for holding the container C in an inverted state, a lower underframe 10b facing the underframe, and a vertical member 10 for connecting the upper and lower underframes.
It is a U-shaped member constituted by c and is supported by the rod of the rotary actuator 16.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rotary actuator 16 is supported by a rod of an air cylinder 17 arranged inside the enclosure 18. By driving the air cylinder 17, the entire supporting member 10 is moved to the enclosure 18. It can be taken into the inside from a predetermined position [Fig. 3 (a)] on the outside [Fig. 3 (b)]. A shutter 18a is provided at the opening of the enclosure 18.

A table 11 on which the sample cup P is placed and an air cylinder 15 for raising and lowering the table 11 are provided on the lower underframe 10b. A pipe 12 is provided at the center of the upper underframe 10a.
The upper end of is fixed. The pipe 12 is a tapered pipe whose diameter decreases as it goes downward, and is supported by the upper underframe 10 a in a posture along the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the table 11. The outer diameter of the pipe 12 is smaller than the diameter of the opening of the sample cup P. Furthermore, the pipe 12
The upper end portion of the penetrating through the upper frame 10a,
It even faces the mounting surface of the container C.

The slide cover 13 is a cylindrical member that surrounds the lateral periphery of the pipe 12, and is slidably disposed on a guide 14 fixed to the upper underframe 10a. The inner diameter of the slide cover 13 on the lower end side is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper peripheral edge of the sample cup P, and the outer diameter thereof is larger than the outer diameter of its edge portion.

Further, the slide cover 13 and the upper underframe 10
A compression coil spring 13a is sandwiched between a and a, and the elastic force keeps the slide cover 13 pressed downward against the upper underframe 10a.
However, the position of the downward movement of the slide cover 13 is restricted by the stopper 14a of the guide 14. In addition,
The upper frame 10a is provided with claws 10d for holding the container C placed on the table at two places, and the container C is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the claws 10d face each other (see FIG. 4). (a)
The left side) is inserted and placed.

In the above structure, when the table 11 is lifted by driving the air cylinder 15, the upper edge of the sample cup P on the table 11 contacts the lower end surface of the slide cover 13 in the lifting process.
The lower end of the pipe 12 penetrates into the sample coal powder S of the sample cup P, and when the table 11 reaches the rising end, the lower end surface of the pipe 12 contacts the inner bottom surface of the sample cup P. As shown in 4 (a), a fixed amount (about 1 g) of the sample coal powder S is cut out. After that, when the support member 10 is rotated half a turn (angle of 180 degrees) by driving the rotary actuator 16, the sample coal powder S is transferred from the pipe 12 to the container C as shown in FIG. At this time, since the sample coal powder S remaining in the container C is confined in the container C by the slide cover 13 and the guide 14, there is no possibility of jumping to the outside.

After such sampling is completed, the container C is
Of the sample cup P, the reverse rotation of the support member 10, the lowering of the table 11 and the sample cup P are sequentially carried out, as shown in FIG.
After returning to the original state shown in (a), as shown in (b) of the figure, the entire supporting member 10 is taken into the inside of the enclosure 18, and the shutter 18a is closed. The remaining sample powder is cleaned by performing suction while blowing.

The constant volume sampling device 1 is a device corresponding to claim 2 of the present invention. Therefore, in a measuring device other than the coal calorific value measuring device, a fixed amount of the powder sample is measured. It can also be applied when collecting. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the pipe 12 is a tapered pipe, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a straight pipe may be used, and the pipe 12 and the slide cover 13 have a circular cross-sectional shape. The shape is not limited to the above, and may be another shape such as a rectangle.

Here, in the coal calorific value measuring apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the reproducibility of the measurement of the moisture content adsorption rate, the conditions such as the bulk density of the sample coal powder S sampled in the sample cup P are kept constant. It is necessary to align with the sample cup P
During transportation to the measurement system 101, there is a possibility that dust or dirt may be generated from the sample surface due to vibration or shock and the surrounding environment may be polluted, and it is required to prevent this. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present invention, a sampling device in consideration of such a point is arranged in the preceding stage of the measurement system 101. An example of the configuration will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the sample coal powder S stored in the hopper 201 is supplied to the sample cup P by the vibrating feeder 202 until it overflows. The overflow of the sample at this time is until the mountain becomes constant due to the angle of repose. Then
The process L in which the piled sample coal powder S is gently pushed by the plunger 203 and crushed to the same level as the upper edge of the sample cup P is repeated 2-3 times. After such processing is completed, the sample cup P is conveyed to the sample carry-in conveyor 103 on the measurement system 101 side by the sending-out conveyor 204.

By repeating the above process L,
Actually, the sample coal powder S was packed in the sample cup P, and
When sent to the measurement system 101 shown in, the condition for the surface hardness not to generate dust from the sample surface due to vibration or shock due to the conveyance process on the belt conveyor or a step in the middle, that is, the number of repetitions of step L Is sufficient 3 times, and in actual coal calorimetric measurement, it was appropriate to repeat step L 3 times as a condition that can maintain small variations in the same kind of coal powder, so the number of repetitions is It is preferable to adopt 3 times.

[0035]

As described above, according to the coal calorific value measuring apparatus of the present invention, basically, the water adsorption rate of coal powder and the ash content rate of coal are measured, and the coal values are measured from these measured values. When measuring the amount of water adsorption above, a series of operations such as drying / adsorption and container movement during weight measurement before and after the adsorption are automatically performed by a handling means such as a robot hand. In addition to the above, since the operation of collecting a sample of a fixed volume in a container is also automated by using the powder sampling apparatus of the invention described in claim 2, it is possible to completely automate the measurement of the water adsorption amount. Therefore, automation of the calorific value measurement of coal can be easily realized. As a result, for example, it is possible to achieve efficient control of the amount of power generation in a thermal power plant, which can reduce power generation costs and improve quick response to demand. In addition, the effect of improving the reproducibility of the measurement can be achieved by completely automating the measurement.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 (a) and (b) are side views and plan views, respectively, in an external view of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a constant volume sampling device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the constant volume sampling device 1,
(A) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part, (b) is a perspective view showing only the upper underframe 10a.

FIG. 5 is an operation explanatory view of the constant volume sampling device 1.

6A and 6B are views showing a configuration of a leveling device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 6A is an external perspective view and FIG.

FIG. 7 is a system configuration diagram of a system for supplying sample coal powder to a sample cup P used in an example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Constant Volume Sampling Device 10 Supporting Member 11 Table 12 Pipe 13 Slide Cover 14 Guide 15 Air Cylinder (For Table Lifting) 16 Rotary Actuator 2 Leveling Device 3 Electronic Balance (Outside Tank Place) 4 Infrared Dryer 5 Constant Temperature and Humidity Tank 51 Electronic balance 52 Hand 6a Cooling stand 6b Lid stand 6c Container stand 7 Discharge hopper 8 Cleaning device 9 Robot hand 101 Measuring system 102 Computer 103 Sample carry-in conveyor C Container F Lid P Sample cup

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Inoue 20-1 Kitakanyama, Odaka-cho, Midori-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Technology Development Headquarters Electric Power Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Miwa Katsu Aichi Chubu Electric Power Co., Ltd. 1 20-20 Kitakousan, Otaka-machi, Midori-ku, Nagoya City Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Electric Power Technology Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Osamu Kumazaki 1 Chubu Electric Power, 20 Kita-kanzan, Otaka-cho, Midori-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Power Technology Laboratory, Technology Development Division, Inc.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A container having an open upper part and a lid thereof, and a container having a fixed lid for a container, in which a moisture adsorption rate of coal powder and an ash content of coal are respectively measured and the calorific value of coal is determined from these measured values. A sampling device for sampling the amount of sample coal powder, a leveling device for flattening the sample coal powder sampled into a container to a uniform thickness, a dryer, and a thermo-hygrostat with an electronic balance built-in. An electronic balance arranged outside the tank, a handling means for carrying the container and the lid, a computing means, and a control part are provided, and the control part drives and controls the above-mentioned respective devices and the handling means, and the container Sampling and leveling treatment to the container, placing the container in the dryer and drying the coal powder, and then covering the container with a lid in this dryer, and the container after the treatment outside the dryer. Dry weight to be placed on the plate of the above electronic balance Quantity measurement, and after this weight measurement the container is carried into the constant temperature and humidity chamber and placed on the plate of the internal electronic balance and the lid is removed to expose the coal powder in the container to a constant humidity atmosphere for a predetermined time. Moisture absorption treatment to cover the progress, and is configured to sequentially perform each process of weight measurement after this moisture absorption process, and the calculation means is the moisture from the change in the weight measurement value of the sample coal powder before and after the moisture absorption. A coal calorific value measuring device, which is configured to calculate an adsorption rate. 2. An apparatus for extracting a fixed volume of a sample from a sample cup filled with a powder sample, the table having the sample cup placed thereon and an outer diameter smaller than the opening size of the sample cup. A pipe, a supporting member for supporting the pipe at a position above the table in a posture along a direction substantially orthogonal to the upper surface of the table, and a tubular member surrounding a lateral periphery of the pipe. A slide cover that is slidably disposed with respect to the table and has a shape in which the end surface facing the table can abut the peripheral edge of the opening of the sample cup, and the table and the pipe are moved relatively to each other. And a rotating means for rotating the supporting member about a substantially horizontal axis. Sampling device.