JPH07190708A - Ceramic lining structure and measuring method for its degree of wear - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To very easily measure the degree of wear by installing a plug member provided with a wear detector vertically against lined ceramics, and thereby detect the presence or absence of a resistance value or conductivity due to wear. CONSTITUTION:A through hole 6 is bored in a base metal 1 lined over with ceramics 3 using adhesives or filling agent 2, and a plug member 5 provided with a thin film shaped-electric resistor 4 as a wear detector is installed. The resistor 4 is composed of a resistor in a ceramics series such as a metal alloy resistor or silicone carbide, and it is installed in the outer surface or inner surface of the member 5. And when the end face of the resistor 4 is adjusted to the level identical to the inner side 3a of the ceramics 3 in advance, both a ceramic lining layer and the resistor 4 simultaneously progress in wear, so that the cross sectional area of the resistor between electrodes 7 is thereby decreased. Therefore, the detection of an electric resistance between the electrodes 7 permits the abrasion loss of the ceramic lining layer to be easily measured, so that the life of the plug member can thereby be easily forecasted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ceramics lining structure and a method of measuring the degree of wear thereof, and more specifically, a ball mill lined with ceramics, a hopper or chute or a powder lined with ceramics used in the step of handling powders and granules. The present invention relates to a ceramics lining structure in a ceramics lining pipe or the like used as a granular material transportation pipe and a method for measuring the degree of wear thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Ceramic lining is a method that is often used in various processes for handling powders and granules as a measure for wear resistance of the grain-contacted and powder-contacted parts, or as a countermeasure for contamination of the powders and granules.

For example, various types of ball mills, medium agitating mills loaded with small-diameter beads, etc. are used in the pulverization process of powder and granules, but in order to measure the abrasion resistance of the inner surface, ceramics is lined inside. Mills are often used. The ceramics used here are one-piece moldings, and in the case of a large mill, ceramic tiles are attached, but in any case, the ceramics are more wear resistant than other materials. Since it has excellent properties, it is extremely effective as a measure against wear on the inner surface of the mill.

Further, various hoppers and chutes are used in processes such as transportation of powdery or granular materials, weighing and storage. Also in this case, it is important to take anti-wear measures against the grain-contacting and powder-contacting parts or to prevent contamination of the powdery grains, and in many cases ceramic lining is performed by the above-mentioned method.
Further, a similar method is often used in the transportation pipeline for powder and granules.

The above-mentioned members provided with various ceramics linings are used as a measure against wear of the grain-contacting and powder-contacting parts or as a measure against contamination of the particles. It has the problem described in.

That is, there is a problem that it is difficult to grasp the degree of wear thinning of various ceramic-lined members. For example, if the ball mill is large, there is a method in which a person enters inside and inspects it.
In a small-diameter ball mill or a normal medium agitation mill, it is extremely difficult to investigate the wear thinning of the ceramics part, because no one can get inside. Also, as mentioned above, the hopper and chute need only be constructed so that they can be opened, but if they are not, the degree of wear thinning of the ceramic part must be accurately ascertained as above. Is difficult Further, the same applies to the ceramic lining pipe. In particular, for ceramic lining pipes, there are methods such as removing only the part you want to investigate, observing the inside condition with X-ray, observing the inside with an endoscope, etc. Work is needed.

Further, if a person enters the inside of the ball mill, for example, when observing the wear condition in the ball mill, or when observing the wear part by disconnecting the ceramic lining pipe, the line naturally stops operation. There must be. Therefore, a method for accurately grasping the wear condition by a simple method without stopping the operation is strongly desired from various fields.

By the way, as a generally known simple method for investigating wear thinning, there is a method using ultrasonic waves.
This method is often used for steel ball mills and pipes, and it measures the thickness by applying an ultrasonic sensor from the outside, and accurate measurement can be done with extremely simple work. Can be measured only if the materials from the outer skin to the inner surface are the same and continuous. Therefore, in a ceramic lining member, that is, a structure including three layers of a ceramic layer, an adhesive or a filler layer, and a base material, a signal from each layer is individually generated, and thus thickness measurement is extremely difficult.

[0009]

As described above, the ceramic lining is extremely effective in terms of prolonging the service life of members and reducing process contamination, while
Accurate life prediction is extremely difficult, and there is a big problem in daily maintenance management. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a ceramics lining structure capable of grasping the state of wear and accurately predicting the life, and a method of measuring the degree of wear thereof.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the ceramic lining structure of the present invention,
In a ceramics lining structure in which ceramics are lined with an adhesive or a filling material with respect to a base material, a plug member having a wear detector is attached in a direction perpendicular to the ceramics lined, and the wear of the present invention is also provided. According to the method of measuring the degree of wear, when measuring the degree of wear of a ceramics lining structure in which ceramics are lined with an adhesive or a filler on the base material, the wear attached to the plug member mounted vertically to the lined ceramics is measured. It is characterized in that the resistance value of the detection body or the presence or absence of conductivity is detected.

[0011]

In the present invention having the above-mentioned structure, the wear of the plug member to which the wear detector is attached and the wear of the ceramics lining layer proceed at the same time. When an electric resistor is used as the wear detector, the progress of wear decreases the cross-sectional area of the electric resistor and increases the electric resistance value. When an electric conductor is used as the wear detector, the wear reaches the electric conductor to electrically insulate it. Therefore, the degree of wear of the ceramic lining layer can be measured very easily by detecting the resistance value of the electric resistor or the presence or absence of conductivity of the electric conductor.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show an example in which an electric resistor is used as the wear detector. In the figure, a ceramics lining structure 20 of the present invention is formed by lining a ceramics 3 on a base material 1 with an adhesive or a filler 2, and a through hole 6 is provided in a direction perpendicular to the lining ceramics 3. The through hole 6 is mainly configured by mounting a plug member 5 to which an electric resistor 4 as a wear detector is attached.

The plug member 5 is made of the same ceramic material as the lined ceramic 3 and has the same shape as the through hole 6 so as to have a slight clearance. In this case, it is preferable that the through hole 6 and the plug member 5 be formed in a so-called wedge shape, which is formed so as to increase from the inner side 3a to the outer side 3b of the ceramic layer. The cross-sectional shape of the plug member 5 may be round or square.

The electric resistor 4 can be mounted not only on the outer surface of the plug member 5 but also on the inner surface so as to be buried therein. FIG. 2 shows an example in which a thin-film electric resistor 4 is formed on the outer peripheral surface 5c of a substantially cylindrical plug member 5 having a diameter gradually increased from the inner end surface 5a to the outer end surface 5b and attached. In FIG. 3, a substantially cylindrical plug member 5 similar to that in FIG. 2 is divided into two in the circumferential direction, a thin film electric resistor 4 is formed on the divided surface 5d, and the thin film electric resistance 4 is adhered again to form a thin film. An example in which the electric resistor 4 is attached so as to be embedded in the inner surface of the cylindrical plug member 5 is shown. The latter has the advantage that film formation is particularly easy.

The thin-film electric resistor 4 is formed by a thin-film forming means generally used in semiconductor manufacturing, for example, various methods such as a screen printing method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method and a plasma spraying method. You can Reference numeral 7 denotes an electrode attached to the end portion of the electric resistor 4, 8 denotes a conducting wire connected to the electrode 7, and the electrode 7 can also be formed by using a film forming means similar to the above.

The electric resistor 4 used here is a commonly used alloy type resistor such as nickel-chromium alloy, iron-chromium alloy, iron-nickel-chromium alloy, or a ceramic type resistor such as silicon carbide. Etc. can be used and can be selected depending on the combination with the lining layer and the use environment, but it is desirable to adopt a resistor having high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance. As a matter of course, it is not preferable to use a resistor whose hardness is remarkably different from that of the ceramic used for the lining, because it causes selective wear. Also, the resistance value to be measured must be large to some extent in order to grasp the change in the electric resistance value. That is,
It is necessary to increase the distance between the electrodes 7 with respect to the sectional area of the electric resistor 4 used. However, when the size of the electric resistor 4 inserted in the through hole 6 is increased, selective wear becomes remarkable due to the hardness difference with the lining ceramics 3 layer, which is disadvantageous in measuring the thickness of the wear resistant lining layer. Therefore, it is preferable that the thickness of the resistor is as small as possible. For this reason, it is desirable to use the above-mentioned thin-film electric resistor 4 as the electric resistor 4, and the thin-film electric resistor 4 is formed on the plug member 5 made of the same material as the lining ceramics 3. Then, when the ceramic lining layer and the electric resistor 4 are inserted into the lining layer, the influence of the difference in hardness between the ceramic lining layer and the electric resistor 4 can be minimized.

For fixing the plug member 5 to which the electric resistor 4 is attached to the ceramic lining layer, the same adhesive or filler 2 as that used for the ceramic lining can be used. Also in this case, if the clearance between the electric resistor 4 and the ceramics lining layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the plug member 4 or the plug member 5 and the ceramics lining layer in which the electric resistor 4 is buried is large, the gap between the two will be It is preferable to make the clearance as small as possible, because particles enter and the progress of wear in the charging portion of the electric resistor 4 loses stability and it becomes impossible to check the wear condition with high accuracy.

The lead wire 8 from the electrode 7 of the electric resistor 4 is provided with a through hole 9 in the base material 1 in advance, and when the plug member 5 is inserted, the through holes 6 and 9 are previously formed in the ceramic 3 and the adhesive. The plug member 5 can be easily inserted by providing the filler layer 2 and the base material 1 so that the respective holes are aligned when the ceramic is applied. In addition, the through holes 6 and 9 are previously formed.
Even if the holes are not opened, the through holes 6 and 9 may be formed by machining after the ceramics lining. In the latter case, however, it is easy to make a hole in the base material 1 or the adhesive / filler layer 2, but the ceramic layer 3 is difficult to process. Therefore, it is preferable to adopt the former method if possible. If the three layers of ceramics have a tile-like sticking lining structure, the plug member 5 may have the same shape as the tile and be sandwiched between the ceramic styles.

Next, the abrasion degree measurement of the present invention having the above-mentioned constitution will be explained. Generally, the electric resistance of a conductor is proportional to the length and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. That is, the specific resistance ρ, the length 1, the electric resistance R (Ω) of the cross-sectional area S is R = ρ
-Represented by 1 / S. By adjusting the position of the end surface of the electric resistor 4 charged in the ceramic lining layer on the ceramic lining side to the same level as that of the inner surface of the lined ceramic, wear of the ceramic lining layer and electric resistance 4 wear progresses at the same time. Therefore, as the wear reduction progresses, the cross-sectional area of the resistor between the electrodes 7 formed on the two opposing surfaces perpendicular to the ceramic lining layer decreases, and the electric resistance value of the electric resistor 4 increases. From this fact, the amount of wear can be easily measured by detecting the electric resistance value between the electrodes 7 formed on the end surface of the electric resistor 4.

As described above, the feature of the wear amount measuring method using the electric resistance body 4 is that it can be easily measured from the outer skin side of the base material 1. Further, whether the electric resistance body 4 having a small temperature coefficient is used, Alternatively, if the temperature is measured in advance so that the temperature can be corrected, the resistance value can be measured in a high temperature environment. For example, when the ceramic lining pipe of the present structure is applied to the high temperature substance transport pipe, the wear amount of the ceramic lining can be estimated without stopping the operation of the apparatus.

Next, an example in which an electric conductor is used as the wear degree detector will be described. 4 and 5, in the ceramic lining structure 21 of the present invention, a U-shaped electric conductor 10 is attached to a dividing surface 5d obtained by dividing the plug member 5 into two,
The ceramic lining structure 20 is the same as the ceramic lining structure 20 using the electric resistor 4 described above except that the conductor 8 is connected to the electric conductor 10. To measure the wear amount of the ceramic lining layer by appropriately determining the distance between the bent tip portion 10a of the U-shaped electric conductor 10 and the inner end surface 5a of the plug member 5 in accordance with the allowable wear limit of the lined ceramics 3. You can That is, when the wear of the ceramics lining layer reaches the position of the bent tip portion 10a of the electric conductor 10, the conductive wires 8 led to the outside of the base material 1 are insulated, so that the wear amount can be easily estimated using a tester or the like. . This measuring method is a simpler method than the measuring method using the electric resistor 4 described above, and the amount of wear can be detected only after the progress of wear of the ceramic lining layer reaches the electric conductor 10. Therefore, it can be used as a checker that knows the usage limit and replacement time of the ceramic lining layer.

FIG. 6 shows an example of continuously measuring the wear condition using the electric conductor 10. Except that a plurality of U-shaped electric conductors 10 are formed on the dividing surface 5d of the plug member 5. The same as the previous embodiment. The wear of the ceramic lining layer progresses, and the bent tip portions 10a, 10b, 10 of the plurality of electric conductors 10 appropriately separated from the plug member 5a.
The wear gradually reaches c, and the conductors 8 are also insulated in order, so that the wear degree can be continuously measured.

The electric conductor 10 may be a metal material usually used as a conductive wire, and a wire may be used.
If the conductor thin film is used, it is easy to manufacture, and the hardness difference with the ceramic lining layer can be minimized as in the case of the electric resistor 4 thin film described above.

Furthermore, by providing a circuit that detects the insulation of the electric conductor 10 and emits a signal, it is possible to accurately know the service life of the ceramic lining layer due to wear. In this structure, since it is merely determined whether or not the electric conductor is insulated, the detection method is very convenient and has no temperature dependence. Therefore, it can be used in a high temperature range and can be measured in an operating state of the device, and can be managed in a remote place by combining the above-mentioned circuit for detecting insulation. For example, when using a ceramic lining pipe in a chemical plant or power plant, if the ceramic lining pipe of this structure is applied to the place where the wear is the largest, the wear situation is diagnosed and the life prediction is performed while the plant operation is continued. Maintenance becomes very easy.

The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific application examples of the present invention. However, the following application examples do not limit the present invention in any way, and any design changes may be made according to the purpose of the front and rear. It is included in the technical scope of the present invention.

(Application Example 1) Inner diameter 200 mm, outer diameter 230
A 10 mm thick alumina pipe was lined with a steel-made bend transportation pipe for transportation of cement having a diameter of 90 mm, a curvature of 90 ° and a radius of curvature of 1000 mm using an inorganic filler. The thickness of the inorganic filler layer at this time was 5 mm. A through hole was opened from the outside on the back side at a position of 30 ° from the end of the bend pipe where the wear was most severe. The diameter of the through hole was 20.0 mm on the inner side and 25.0 mm on the outer skin side, which were inclined and processed. Also, one diameter is 19.9 mm, the other diameter is 25.1 mm, and the length is 1
A frustoconical plug made of alumina identical to the 6 mm lining tube was produced. The tip surface of this alumina plug was processed according to the shape of the inner surface of the ceramic lining layer in which the through hole was located. This alumina cylinder is divided into two parts perpendicular to the circumferential direction, and the cut surface has an electron beam size of 10.0 mm parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plug and 15 mm parallel to the diametrical direction of the plug. A nickel-chromium alloy thin film was formed using the vapor deposition method. A vacuum melting material (specific resistance = 108 μΩcm) of Ni: Cr = 8: 2 was used as the resistor raw material, and the film forming condition was a plug (substrate).
A nickel-chromium resistor was deposited to a thickness of about 0.025 μm by vapor deposition at a temperature of 200 ° C. and an accelerating voltage of 6.5 kv for 5 minutes. A gold electrode having a thickness of about 0.05 μm was screen-printed along the side parallel to the longitudinal direction of the resistor, and a copper wire having a diameter of 0.5 mm was soldered to the corner of each electrode. Then, the alumina column divided into two was adhered using an inorganic adhesive, and the alumina plug was inserted into the ceramic lining pipe. At this time, the plug was fixed so that the tip of the resistor was located on the inner surface of the ceramic lining tube. Furthermore, the ceramic lining pipe was adhered and fixed to the steel pipe using an inorganic adhesive material. The conducting wire was pulled out from the through hole and fixed. After fixing, the resistance value of the mounted resistor was measured and found to be 64.8Ω.

Connected to the air transportation pipe of the cement factory, 86
After operating for 00 hours, the resistance value of the resistor was measured and found to be 90.0 Ω, and the amount of wear thinning calculated from the resistance value was 2.8 mm. Subsequently, when the ceramic lining pipe was removed and cut to measure the thickness of the ceramic lining layer, the thickness of the ceramic lining layer at a position 30 ° from the end where the wear was greatest was 1
It is 2.3 to 12.8 mm, and the amount of wear reduction is 2.2 to
The calculated value was 2.7 mm, which was in good agreement with the value calculated from the above resistance value of 2.8 mm.

(Application Example 2) Inner diameter 2400 mm, outer diameter 24
A hole having a diameter of 20 mm was punched from the outside in the central portion of the cylindrical portion of a steel ball mill having a length of 60 mm and an inner length of 3000 mm. A 100 mm square and 40 mm thick alumina tile was lined on the entire inner surface of this ball mill with an epoxy resin. The thickness of the resin layer at this time was 5 mm. 100x40m of one alumina tile used for lining
The end face perpendicular to the lining layer surrounded by m is shown in FIG.
As shown in, the width of the tile is 2 mm from the tile surface,
Silver was screen-printed so that the folded tip was located at 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm, and a conductor having a diameter of 0.5 mm was soldered to each end of the conductor. After this,
The same-shaped tile was adhered on the printed surface with an inorganic adhesive, and the inner surface of the ball mill was adhered with an epoxy resin so that the copper wire could be led out from the hole having a diameter of 20 mm.

After bonding, the silica sand was crushed. Cumulative total of 3800
2m from the inner surface of the ceramic lining layer after a lapse of time
Insulation occurred in the conductor located at a depth of m. Furthermore, 720
Since the conductor located at a depth of 4 mm from the inner surface of the ceramic lining layer was insulated after operating for 0 hours, the manhole of the ball mill was opened and the inside diameter was measured to be 2302.2 mm. Was calculated to be 3.9 mm in radius and showed good agreement with the amount of wear thinning detected from the conductor.

(Comparative Example 1) Inner diameter 2400 mm, outer diameter 24
An alumina tile of 100 mm square and 40 mm thick was lined with epoxy resin on the entire inner surface of a steel ball mill having a length of 60 mm and an inner length of 3000 mm. At this time, the thickness of the epoxy resin layer was 5 mm. When the thickness was measured by applying an ultrasonic sensor to the outside of the cylindrical part of this ball mill, a large number of reflected waves estimated to be caused by the inner and outer boundary surfaces of the steel base material, epoxy adhesive, and alumina tile were generated, interfered with each other, and The thickness could not be measured because the reflected wave indicating the thickness could not be specified.

[0031]

According to the ceramic lining structure and the method for measuring the degree of wear of the present invention, the state of wear thinning can be accurately and easily grasped, and the life of the member can be accurately predicted.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a ceramics lining structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a plug member to which an electric resistor is attached.

FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing another example of the plug member to which the electric resistor is attached.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing another embodiment of the ceramics lining structure of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a plug member to which an electric conductor is attached.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing another example of the plug member to which the electric conductor is attached.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Base Material 2 Adhesive or Filler 3 Ceramics 3a Inner 3b Outer 4 Electric Resistor 5 Plug Member 5a Inner End Face 5b Outer End Face 5c Outer Surface 5d Dividing Surface 6 Through Hole 7 Electrode 8 Conductor 9 Through Hole 10 Electric Conductor 10a Bending Tip part 10b Bending tip part 10c Bending tip part 20 Ceramics lining structure 21 Ceramics lining structure

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A ceramics lining structure in which a base material is lined with ceramics with an adhesive or a filling material, and a plug member having a wear detector attached thereto is mounted vertically to the lined ceramics. Ceramic lining structure. 2. The ceramic lining structure according to claim 1, wherein the plug member is made of the same material as the lined ceramic. 3. The ceramic lining structure according to claim 1, wherein the wear detector is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the substantially cylindrical plug member. 4. The ceramic lining structure according to claim 1, wherein the wear detecting body is attached so as to be embedded in the inner surface of the substantially cylindrical plug member. 5. The ceramic lining structure according to claim 1, wherein the wear detector is a thin film. 6. The ceramic lining structure according to claim 1, wherein the wear detector is an electric resistor. 7. The ceramic lining structure according to claim 1, wherein the wear detector is made of an electric conductor. 8. A wear detector attached to a plug member mounted in a direction perpendicular to the lined ceramics when measuring the degree of wear of a ceramics lining structure in which ceramics are lined with an adhesive or a filler to a base material. A method for measuring the degree of wear of a ceramics lining structure, which comprises detecting the resistance value or the presence or absence of conductivity.