JPH0719010B2 - Camera with shutter device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a camera having a shutter device capable of switching the opening speed of a shutter.

[Background of the Invention]

Conventionally, a shutter device having a half-open region in which the opening speed of the shutter blades is set to be relatively slow, that is, the slope of the characteristic line showing the degree of increase of the opening area with respect to time as shown in Fig. 16 is braked using a mechanical governor or the like. As a result, a shutter device having a gentle inclination is provided. This occurs because the opening speed of the shutter blades is fast in a shutter in which the opening diameter of the shutter is controlled by the subject distance and film sensitivity information, and the shutter is rapidly opened to expose the state of the set opening diameter. Compared with the fact that the vibration of the blade is likely to cause uneven exposure during stroboscopic photography, the exposure can be controlled in a relatively slow half-open area, so there is little effect of vibration of the blade or a shift in strobe emission timing, etc. The feature is that it is easy to obtain improvement in accuracy.

FIG. 17 shows an outline of a conventional structure of a shutter device having such a half-open area, which will be briefly described below.

Reference numeral 415 is a set plate, which is slidable only in the left-right direction in the drawing using the elongated hole 415a as a guide, and is biased leftward by a spring 419.
It is stopped in the state shown in the figure by the engagement of 14c and the vertical bending 415c of the set plate.

415b is an upright bent portion that contacts the AF control lever 402 and presses the lever 402, 415d is a rack that meshes with the gear 420, and a switch contact piece 416 is fixed to the arm portion 415e. The vertical bending portion 415f is provided at a position separated from the tongue portion 424d of the rotor 424 by a small gap.

When the set plate 415 slides, the switch contact piece 416 slides on the switch boards 417 and 418, and plays a role of sending a position signal of the set plate to a control circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as IC).

Reference numerals 420, 421, 422, and 423 are governor mechanisms that transmit the sliding movement of the set plate 415 by the spring 419 from the rack portion 415d to the eccentric member 422 via the speed increasing gear groups 420 and 421, and the eccentric portion 4 of 422.
22b and the hole 423b of the speed governing plate 423 are fitted, and further, because the pin of the structural member (not shown) of the speed governing plate 423 is fitted with the long groove 423a,
When the eccentric member 422 rotates, the speed control plate 423 swings to play a role of reducing the speed of the set plate 415.

409 and 410 are shutter blades, and the holes 409a and 410a are rotatably supported by being fitted to the shaft of a base plate (not shown).
Blade pin 425 with 9b and 410b crimped to rotor 424
When the rotor 424 moves, the blade 409 interlocks with this and rotates in the CW (clockwise) direction around the hole 409a, while the blade 410 rotates around the hole 410a along the CCW in the figure. By rotating in the (counterclockwise direction) direction, an opening is formed in the photographing optical path.

The opening operation of the shutter accompanying the rotation of the shutter blades 409 and 410 is accompanied by the rotation amount of the rotor 424 in the CW direction gradually becoming larger as the set plate 415 travels and becomes accustomed to the rotor 424. It is performed by opening slowly as shown in Fig. 16 in conjunction with.

By the way, the relationship between the difference between normal photography in the daytime, which is a photography mode generally performed in a camera, and stroboscopic photography performed indoors or at night, and the relationship between the opening speed of the shutter blades shown in FIG. 16 will be considered. The following problems are pointed out.

That is, in the shutter device having the governor mechanism as described above with reference to FIG. 17, a certain shutter opening speed is set by the design of the governor mechanism. In order to obtain the accuracy, it is desirable that the opening speed be as gentle as possible in the inclination of the characteristic line in FIG. This can be understood by that, in order to obtain a constant exposure amount obtained by a strobe that flashes for a certain period of time in a half-open region, the slower the opening speed, the less the requirement for the timing accuracy of strobe emission.

However, considering the case of normal shooting in the daytime, a slow shutter opening speed tends to cause a camera shake phenomenon, which is not preferable.

In addition, the above problems become more complicated when considering the appropriate opening speed of the shutter during daytime synchronized shooting such as stroboscopic shooting in a state where external light is relatively bright such as daytime backlit shooting.

[Object of the Invention]

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a shutter device capable of appropriately addressing the problems of exposure stability and camera shake prevention in a camera depending on different shooting modes. Is in the place of providing.

Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to apply a configuration in which shooting such as so-called landscape mode or sports mode is manually selected according to the photographer's request, and the shutter opening speed is preferably set corresponding to these shooting modes. The present invention is to provide a shutter device capable of

[Outline of Invention]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a shutter blade and a driving source that drives the shutter blade in the opening direction and changes the driving speed of the shutter blade according to the amount of supplied electrical energy (for example, current). A setting means capable of setting a plurality of types of drive speeds of the shutter blades, a control means for supplying an electric energy amount to the drive source according to the drive speeds set in the setting means, and a drive speed of the shutter blades. And a correction unit that corrects the amount of electrical energy supplied to the drive source to correct the drive speed of the shutter blades to the speed set by the setting unit based on the detection result of the detection unit. The drive speed of the shutter blades can be controlled with a simple configuration of controlling the electric energy amount by having the Shutter blades even provided several operates at the correct drive speed, it is possible to perform good recording.

Further, according to the present invention, shutter blades, a drive source for driving the shutter blades in the opening direction, setting means capable of setting a plurality of types of drive speeds of the shutter blades, and operating the shutter blades at the drive speed set by the setting means. A control means, a detection means for detecting the driving speed of the shutter blades,
And a correction unit that corrects the drive speed of the shutter blade to the speed set by the setting unit based on the detection result of the detection unit, and the correction unit performs the correction a plurality of times, so that the shutter blade is more accurate. Operates at drive speed,
Even better shooting is possible.

Example of Invention

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 15.

FIG. 1 and subsequent drawings are diagrams showing the operation and system of the present invention. The functional parts and operation of the camera are explained up to this point, and then the circuit is explained. Reference numeral 1 is a lens barrel in which a photographing lens group (not shown) is incorporated in the inner diameter portion 1c by a known means, and a guide bar 1a integrally configured is guided by being fitted into a hole of a structural member (not shown). The rotation stop portion 1b is also slidably guided by a groove (not shown) of a structural member (not shown) by a spring (not shown) in the direction of the arrow in FIG. It is supported slidably in the left-right direction in the figure.

Reference numeral 2 denotes a focus adjusting screw, which is self-tapping in the vicinity of the guide bar 1a of the lens barrel 1 described above, and a smooth spherical tip 2a is generated by a feeding cam 3c described later and a spring (not shown). Abut with the force in the direction, and split part 2b
The lens focus can be adjusted by inserting a driver into and adjusting the rotation.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a distance ring, the inner diameter portion 3a of which is fitted to a structural member (not shown) and is rotatably supported, and the gear 3b of the outer peripheral portion meshes with a gear 4b of a ratchet ring 4 which will be described later, and is extended to the front portion. The cam 3c is formed symmetrically in eight places on the circumference.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a ratchet ring, in which a shaft 4a is rotatably held by a structural member (not shown), and the gear 4b and ratchet teeth 4c are formed on the outer peripheral portion thereof, and the ratchet teeth 4c are described later. The claw portion 5b of the claw 5 and the claw portion 6b of the push-out claw 6 mesh with each other.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a ratchet pawl, the hole 5a of which is fitted to the shaft of a structural member (not shown) and is rotatably supported, and a spring 7 is applied to one end 5c of the ratchet pawl to exert a biasing force in the CW direction in the figure. Further, the above-mentioned claw 5b meshes with the teeth on the outer circumference of the ratchet ring 4 to enable only rotation of the ratchet ring in the CCW direction in the drawing.

Reference numeral 6 denotes an extruding claw, a hole 6a of which is fitted to an unillustrated shaft on an extruding lever 9 described later and is rotatably supported, and is urged by a weak spring 8 in the CCW direction in the drawing to end 6c. Comes into contact with the end of the push-out lever 9 and maintains the state shown in FIG.
Engages with the ratchet teeth 4c of the ratchet ring 4 described above.

Reference numeral 9 denotes an extrusion lever, which is held slidably in the vertical direction in the figure by fitting the groove 9a with the shaft 10 which is a part of the structural member, and the spring 11 biases the arm portion 9b upward. The stopper portion 9d contacts the stopper 15 of the structural member and stops in the state shown in the figure.

9e is a seat having a shaft (not shown) that is fitted into the fitting hole 6a of the push-out claw 6 described above, 9f is a spring hook portion on which the foot of the spring 8 is hooked, and 9c is a rotor 21 described later. Hammer part
The arm portion is hit by 21c, and in the state of FIG. 1, the distance between the hammer portion and the arm portion 9c is almost zero. The above constitutes the focus adjustment mechanism.

Reference numeral 12 is a release lever, which is supported by the groove 12a so as to be slidable in the vertical direction in the figure by fitting the groove 12a in the structural member 14, and is biased upward by a spring (not shown). It also has a connecting part 12b with the release button of the upper camera,
When the photographer releases the camera toward the subject, 12b is pressed via the button and the release lever 12 slides downward against the spring force.

Reference numeral 12c is a connecting portion for connecting the SW contact piece 13 for turning on the power of the camera. In this camera, the power is supplied to the IC of the camera by the first stroke of the release button to perform the photometry and the distance measurement operation, The results are displayed. Further, the second switch is turned on by the contact piece 13 in the second stroke of pressing the release button to start the sequence of the exposure operation of the camera.

21 is a printed circuit board rotor that also functions as a movable member, and has a hole 21a.
Is rotatably supported by fitting with a structural member (not shown), and a coil-shaped conductive pattern 21b is drawn on one swing arm, and a lead wire (not shown) connects this conductive pattern and the main circuit. Connected.

As will be described later in detail, a current can be supplied to the coil-shaped conduction pattern portion from the main circuit in both directions, and the yoke 22 is formed in a manner sandwiching the coil portion.
A magnetic circuit is constituted by a permanent magnet (not shown), and a current is caused to flow through the coil-shaped conduction pattern to generate a rotational force in both directions on the rotor 21 by the Lorentz force. In other words, since the direction changes depending on the direction of current flow, the rotor 21 is actuated in both CW and CCW directions in the figure by the current direction switching means in the circuit described later.

Reference numeral 21c designates a hammer portion for hitting the arm portion 9c of the push-out lever 9 when the rotor 21 rotates in the CCW direction, and 21d designates the rotor 2
Pin 1 of blade drive lever 23, which will be described later, when 1 rotates in the CW direction
It is a cam part for pushing up 3b.

Further, the rotor 21 has a fan-shaped transparent portion 21 on the other swing arm.
The transparent fan portion 21e has an opaque pattern 21g and 21f.

A light-emitting body 34 and a light-receiving body 32 forming a photocoupler are arranged so as to face the front and back surfaces of the transparent portion 21e including these opaque patterns 21g and 21f, and further wound between the transparent portion 21e and the light-emitting body 34. An upper indexing member 31 is arranged.

Reference numeral 23 denotes a blade driving lever, which has a hole 23a fitted to a structural member and pivotally supported, and is urged in the CCW direction in the figure by a spring 24 hanging on an arm 23d. When 23d contacts the stopper 25, it is stopped in the state shown in the figure.

Further, the blade drive lever 23 is provided with a cam portion 21d of the rotor 21 when the rotor 21 is energized to rotate in the CW direction in the figure.
And a blade drive pin 23c which has a pin 23b for abutting and accompanying rotation, and which is fitted into elongated holes 26b, 27b of shutter blades 26, 27 described later to drive the shutter blade by the accompanying rotation. Therefore, as a whole, when the rotor 21 is energized to operate in the CW direction, the rotor 21
It rotates in the CW direction, which causes the cam portion 21d and the pin 23b to come into contact with each other, and the blade drive lever 23 also rotates in the clockwise direction in the drawing to rotate the blade.
26 is rotated in the CCW direction, and at the same time, the blade 27 is rotated in the CW direction, thereby opening the shutter. When the rotor is de-energized, the blade drive lever 23 is rotated in the CCW direction by the biasing force of the spring 24 applied to the blade drive lever 23, and the pin 23b reversely pushes the cam surface 21d of the rotor 21. While rotating the rotor 21 in the CCW direction, it returns to the position where it abuts the stopper 25 in FIG. At this time, the rotor is also pushed back by the pin 23b to the position shown in FIG.
6 and 27 also return to the position shown in the figure and the shutter is closed.

Reference numerals 26 and 27 denote shutter blades, which are a hole 26a and a hole 27 (not shown).
a is rotatably fitted to the pin 28 of the structural member, and the blade drive pin 23c of the blade drive lever 23 is fitted to the elongated holes 26b and 27b to rotate the blade drive lever 23 as described above. Accompanied by,
The shutter blades 26, 27 are configured to open and close.

The above constitutes the exposure amount adjusting mechanism.

Reference numeral 31 is an indexing plate as a movable member, a hole 31a of which is fitted to the shaft of a structural member (not shown) and is rotatably held, and meshes with a gear 33c of a sprocket 33, which will be described later, on the outer peripheral side surface. In addition to having the crown gear 31b, it also has a hole 31c in the optical path of the photocouplers 32 and 34 described later. In this embodiment, when the indexing plate 31 makes one rotation, the hole 31c comes into the optical paths of the photocouplers 32 and 34 again.

Reference numeral 33 is a sprocket, which is rotatably supported by a hole 33a and has teeth 33 that mesh with the perforations of the film 50.
b, and a gear portion 33c that meshes with the above-described crown gear portion 31b of the indexing plate 31, and when the film 50 advances to the left in the figure, the sprocket 33 rotates in the CCW direction by accustomed to it.
Similarly, the indexing plate 31 also rotates in the CW direction, and when the perforation proceeds for 8 times, the indexing plate 31 makes one full rotation and the hole 31c.
The gears are configured so that the optical path is in the optical path of the photocouplers 32 and 34. The above constitutes the film winding mechanism. The winding mechanism is preferably of a type in which the sprocket can be rotated by the interlocking means even when there is no film.

Reference numeral 32 is a light receiving element, and 34 is a light emitting element, which are arranged so as to face each other with the transparent portion 21e of the rotor and the indexing plate 31 sandwiched therebetween to form a photo coupler, as shown in FIG. When the light emitted from the light emitting element 34 passes through the hole 31c of the indexing plate 31, passes through the transparent portion 21e of the rotor 21 and enters the light receiving element 32, the feeding completion signal A8 should be sent to the circuit described later. It is configured.

Further, the light emitting element 34 is configured to emit light only when the power SW is turned on, as will be apparent from the description of the circuit described later. The above constitutes the optical signal detector.

The operation will be described with the above configuration. When the photographer points the camera toward the subject and presses the release button from the charge complete position in Fig. 1, the release lever 12 slides downward in the figure, and SW (SWX) is thrown into the IC by the contact piece 13. It is latched and the position confirmation operation is performed first.

This position confirmation operation is to confirm whether or not the light is emitted from the light emitting element 34 and the output is input to the light receiving element 32.In short, it is necessary to confirm that the camera is set at the correct position where the film has been wound. is there.

At this time, if the light receiving element 32 does not receive light of a certain level or more, it is determined that the camera is abnormal, and the subsequent operation is prohibited.

When the confirmation operation gives an OK, the camera next energizes the rotor 21 in the CW direction in S1 mode to check the battery and operation. This energization is short in time, and the rotor 21 is CW in the figure.
When the first pattern of the opaque pattern portion 21g is turned in the direction and enters the photocoupler optical path, the power is cut off and the blade does not actually open.

Further, when the battery check operation is completed and the battery level is sufficient, the camera next shifts to S2 mode to perform the distance measurement operation.

For this distance measurement, for example, it is desirable to use a combination of a diode emitting infrared light and a light receiving portion such as PSD.

In addition, before and after the distance measuring operation described above, a normal pre-photometric operation is also performed. When both of these operations are completed, both are displayed in the viewfinder or the like, and the mode shifts to S3 mode.

When the photographer further presses the release lever 12 through the release button of the camera (second stroke), the SW contact piece 13
Will short-circuit the next conduction pattern and the camera will enter S4 mode to start the shooting operation.

First, the power source for driving the camera is latched by the TrSW circuit, etc., and at the same time, the rotor 21 in the stationary posture (see FIG. 1) is CCed.
Pulse energization for rotating in the W direction is performed a number of times based on the distance measurement information described above.

When the rotor 21 rotates in the CCW direction, the hammer portion 21c hits the arm portion 9c of the pushing lever 9, and the pushing lever 9 moves downward in the drawing against the biasing force of the spring 11 and the ratchet ring 4 via the pushing pawl 6. Is rotated in the CCW direction by one claw, and the distance ring 3 meshing with this is also rotated in the CW direction.

At this time, the ratchet pawl 5 is pushed along the slope of the pawl 4c by the rotation of the ratchet ring 4 in the CCW direction, and is rotated in the CCW direction as shown in FIG. 2 to ride on one tooth of the pawl 4c of the ratchet ring 4. Put it in again and ratchet ring 4 as shown in Fig. 1.
It comes to the position where you can press the rotation of CCW direction.

After that, if the power supply to the rotor 21 is cut off, the rotor 21 returns to the operation start position shown in FIG. 1, and the pushing lever 9 returns to the position shown in FIG. 1 by the spring 11. At this time, the ratchet ring 4 is moved by the ratchet pawl 5. Since the rotation in the CW direction is stopped, the pushing lever 9 returns to the state of FIG. 1 by riding on the slope of the claw 4c of the ratchet ring 4 (while swinging in the CW direction).

The optical paths of the photocouplers 32 and 34 are the same as those of the rotor 21 described above.
As the CCW direction rotates, the opaque pattern 21f is shielded by entering the photocoupler optical path, and the IC is rotated by the rotor 21.
Detects that the lens barrel 1 has been extended by one tooth via the distance ring 3, and compares with the lens extension signal stored by the above-described pre-distance measurement and proceeds to the next operation.

In this way, after the lens barrel is extended one by one and the lens is extended to a value based on the pre-photometric information described above (that is, after detecting the photocoupler signal and matching the lens extension signal based on the distance measurement result described above). ) A lens barrel drive completion signal A5 is generated.

After that, the camera enters the S5 mode, the rotor 21 is energized in the CW direction which is the opposite direction to the lens barrel drive, the cam portion 21d pushes the pin 23b of the blade drive lever 23, and the blade opening lever 23 springs 2.
In the opposite direction to the force of 4, the cam 26d rotates in the direction of the cam portion 21d, and the blades 26 and 27 are opened by the pin 23c, resulting in the state shown in FIG.

In the process of opening the blades, the first pattern of the opaque pattern 21g of the rotor 21 enters between the optical paths of the photocouplers 32 and 34 at the position before the blades 26 and 27 are opened, and the blade opening timing signal is sent to the shutter circuit. put out.

Further, as the blades 26 and 27 are opened, the opaque pattern 21g shields the optical paths of the photocouplers 32 and 34 one after another, and the opening amount and opening speed of the shutter blades 26 and 27 are set to the above-mentioned IC.
Tell.

As described above, the opening waveform of the blade can be changed by changing the value of the current flowing to the rotor 21 by the switching operation of the switch based on the switching operation given from the outside in advance.

It is also possible to stop the shutter blades 26, 27 at a certain aperture value by controlling the current flowing through the rotor 21 by comparing the photo coupler signal with the time.

After that, a shutter closing signal (exposure completion signal) is output by a photometric means (not shown), the rotor is de-energized, the rotor 21 is urged by the blade drive lever 23, and the force of the spring 24 causes the rotor 21 to move as shown in FIG. Return to the static posture.

Next, the camera enters the S6 mode and the rotor 21 is pulse-energized by the remaining number of teeth of the lens feed-out signal based on the distance measurement signal during the distance adjustment operation described above, and the ratchet ring 4 is rotated in the same operation as the distance adjustment operation described above. Then, the contact portion of the lens barrel 1 with the focus screw 2 is brought to the start position of the cam next to the distance ring 3.

When the distance adjustment remaining amount cancel operation described above is completed, the lens barrel drive completion signal is output from the logic control IC as described above.
A7 is generated, the camera enters the S7 mode, a film winding start signal is issued, and the film winding operation is started by the predetermined winding mechanism including the motor arranged in the camera, and the film 50
The rotation of the sprocket 33 meshing with the perforation 50a of the sprocket rotates the indexing plate 31 in the stationary posture, and the hole 31c comes out of the optical path of the photocouplers 32 and 34, and the phototransistor 32 issues a winding start signal to start the winding operation. Fifth
Continue as shown.

When the film is charged for one frame, the charge plate 31 becomes 1
It rotates and returns to the stationary posture, and the hole 31c is again the photo coupler 3
It enters the optical path of 2,34, emits a winding end signal A8, and the IC
Stops the winding operation of the camera and returns to the state shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 (a) is an enlarged view of the above-mentioned photocouplers 32 and 34 and the transparent portion 21e and opaque patterns 21f and 21g of the rotor 21, and the reference numeral 32 in the center of the drawing is the light receiving element of the photocoupler. 3 shows the shape of the sensor part of.

As can be understood from this enlarged view, in the present embodiment, each opaque pattern 21f, 21g (shown by hatching in the figure) is
The area is larger than that of the sensor unit 32.

FIG. 6 (b) shows another example of the structure of the photocoupler part. In this example, the light transmitting part is a hole, and the opaque part is a frame of epoxy material containing glass fiber which is a constituent material of the rotor 21. It is configured.

The above embodiment is suitable for the system in which the signal light is incident on the light receiving element by transmitting the projection light. However, this is slightly changed in the signal processing as shown in FIG. 7 (b). Needless to say, a mechanism may be adopted in which the signal light is incident on the light receiving element by reflecting the projected light.

FIG. 7 (a) shows a cross-sectional view of the photocoupler portion of this embodiment, and FIG. 7 (b) shows another embodiment (when a reflection type photocoupler is used).

In this figure (b), reference numeral 51 denotes a reflection type photocoupler, in which the light receiving element and the light receiving element are incorporated in one package, and 21 is the above-mentioned rotor and the hole 21R is opened as in this embodiment. A high reflection film is vapor-deposited on the left side surface 21s in the figure other than this hole.

31 is a crown gear, and the high reflection surface 31 is also on the left side.
s is vapor deposited.

Reference numeral 52 is a structural member in which antireflection hairs 52s are provided on the left side of the figure, and in the state of FIG.
Most of the light emitted by 51 is absorbed by 52s and does not return to 51.

Thus, it is effective to use the reflection type photocoupler.

Next, a specific circuit configuration for exposure control in this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, and a shutter control circuit in which the shutter opening speed can be switched will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15. .

<Exposure> In FIG. 8, when the signal S5 changes from "L" level to "H" level, the output of the inverter 188 becomes "L" level and D
Since the clear states of the flip-flops 120 to 122 are released and the output of the D flip-flop 119 is "H", the output of the AND gate 136 is also at "H" level and the OR gate 1
The output of 74, that is, the signal SPL2 also becomes "H" level. Further, the output ▲ ▼ of the inverter 175 becomes "L" level.
Therefore, in FIG. 9, the analog switch 213 becomes conductive, and the potential of the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 218, that is, V _SPL
Becomes the potential V _ref2 of the reference voltage source 220, and the NPN transistor 2
The emitter potential V _{0 of} 23 becomes a potential determined by the resistance ratio of the resistor 204 and the volume 227 and V _SPL . NPN transistor 223
If h _fe is large enough, its collector current is V ₀ through resistor 2
The value is divided by the resistance value of 06, and the current flows through the conductive portion 21b of the rotor 21. On the other hand, the output of OR gate 173 is "H"
Level, and the buffer circuit 192 causes the NPN transistor
The base of 191 is energized, the NPN transistor 191 is turned on, and the LED 34 is energized to emit light. At this time, since the light emitted from the LED 34 is applied to the phototransistor 32 at the position of the rotor 21, its collector signal Sig1 changes from "H" level to "L" level, and the output of the NAND gate 148 is "L".
Latched to level. Then the D flip-flop 116,
After clearing 118 and 119, D input can be taken. The rotor 21 rotates clockwise around the hole 21a,
The input light of the phototransistor 32 is cut off by the first light-shielding portion (opaque portion) of the 1g portion, and the output of the shaping circuit 104 shifts from "L" level to "H" level. The Q output of the D flip-flop 116 is "L" in synchronization with the rising edge of the clock signal OSC.
D flip-flop when changing from level to "H" level
Since the output of 119 is at "H" level, AND gate 1
The output of 35 changes from "L" level to "H" level, and the Q output of the D flip-flop 118 changes from "L" to "H" level at the rising edge thereof. When the rotor 21 further rotates clockwise and the light emitted from the LED 34 enters the phototransistor 32, D
The Q output of the flip-flop 116 shifts to the "L" level, the rotor 21 further rotates clockwise, the input light of the phototransistor 32 is cut off by the second light shielding portion 21a, and the Q output of the D flip-flop 116 becomes "L". When the level changes from "H" to "H", the output of the AND gate 135 changes from "L" to "H" again, and the Q output of the D flip-flop 119, that is, the signal C.
OUNT changes from "L" to "H" level, the output changes from "H" to "L" level, and the output of the AND gate 135 is latched at "L" level. Further, the output of the AND gate 136 also becomes the “L” level, and the output of the OR gate 174, that is, the signal SPL2 also becomes the “L” level.
It becomes a level. Further, the output of the inverter 189 becomes "H" level.

On the other hand, the Q output of the D flip-flop 116, that is, the signal Sig
When 3 goes from the “L” level to the “H” level, the output goes to the “L” level, and the output of the AND gate 195, that is, the signal Sig7
Becomes "L" level, the frequency divider 107 is released from the clear state, and the signal CLOCK changes from "L" level to a clock pulse. The D flip-flops 120 to 122 each take in the D input at the rising edge of the signal CLOCK, and the output of the AND gate 141, that is, the signal SPL1 from the time when the signal Sig3 changes from "L" to "H" level to the first rising edge of the signal CLOCK. Is at "H" level,
If the changeover switch 197 is connected to the a terminal, the signal E1 = "H", and the AND gate is from the signal Sig3 changing from "L" to "H" level until the second rising of the signal CLOCK. The output of 137, that is, the signal iNT1 is the "L" level signal C
From the second rising edge of LOCK to the third rising edge of LOCK, the signal iNTCL which is the output of the AND gate 140 becomes "H" level. These signals are output every time the output of the shaping circuit 104 changes from “L” level to “H” level. Signal iNT1 in Fig. 9
Is high, the analog switch 208 becomes conductive, and a current obtained by dividing the reference voltage V _ref1 by the value of the resistor 201 flows through the capacitor 214 or the analog switch 211.
When the signal iNTCL = "L", the capacitor 214 is charged with a constant current, and an integrated waveform appears in the output voltage _ViNT of the operational amplifier 217. When the signal iNT1 goes to "L" level, integration is not performed and V _iNT is held at a constant potential. Signal SPL1 is "H"
At the level, the analog switch 212 becomes conductive, the capacitor 215 is charged or discharged, and the potential of V _SPL becomes the potential of V _iNT . V when signal SPL1 goes to "L" level
The potential of _SPL is held, and the emitter potential V ₀ of the NPN transistor 223 becomes a potential determined by the resistance ratio of the resistor 204 and the volume 227 and the potential V _SPL . A current obtained by dividing V ₀ by the resistor 206 flows into the conducting portion 21b of the rotor 21, and the rotor is driven with a constant current. When the signal iNTCL becomes “H” level, the analog SW211 becomes conductive, the capacitor 214 is discharged and V _iNT becomes almost V
_It drops to the potential of _ref1 . When the signal iNTCL = "L", the integration operation is started again. If the integration time is short, the rotor current will be small. That is, as the rotation speed of the rotor 21 becomes faster, the current flowing through the rotor becomes smaller and the rotor
You can control the rotation speed of 21. It can be adjusted by the pitch of the light shielding portion 21g of the rotor 21 and the potential V _ref1 of the value reference voltage source 219 of the volume 227.

On the other hand, when the signal Sig3 goes to "H" level during this period, the output of the AND gate 144 goes to "H" level. Therefore, the counter 111 counts the rising edge of the signal and the Q output of the counter 111 goes to "H" level. "Level goes, inverter 187
Output becomes "L" and the subsequent signal Sig3 is not accepted. Further, the output of the AND gate 141, that is, the signal SPL1 becomes "L" level, and at the same time, the output of the AND gate 143 becomes "H".
Since it becomes the level, the output of the OR gate 174, that is, the signal SPL
2 becomes "H", and the subsequent operation of the rotor drive circuit shown in FIG. 9 is similar to the operation when the Q output of the D flip-flop 119, that is, the COUNT signal changes from "L" to "H". The rotor 21 is driven by a current determined by the potential V _{ref2 of the} source 220, the resistors 204 and 206, and the volume 227. Further, the output of the inverter 187, that is, the signal ▲ ▼ is "H".
When the counter 112 starts counting the clock pulse OSC, and the predetermined count ends, its output becomes the “L” level and the AND gate 145
Also goes to the “L” level, the count of the counter 112 stops progressing, and at the same time, the output of the NAND gate 167 goes to the “H” level.
Since the two inputs of the NAND gate 168 become the "H" level, the output thereof is latched at the "L" level.
The output of the AND gate 142, that is, the output of Sig5 is "L".
The output level of NOR gate 175, that is, ▲
▼ becomes "H" level, and NPN transistor 221 in Fig. 9
And 222 turn on, and the NPN transistor 223 turns off. Therefore, the conduction of the conductor portion 21b of the rotor 21 is cut off. This is a so-called exposure termination operation, but its timing can be adjusted by the counters 111 and 112. In the present embodiment, the non-inverting input voltage of the operational amplifier 218 is switched to the reference voltage source 220 while assuming that the aperture is fully opened while the signal Sig3 is at the “H” level, but the region where rotor speed control is possible It is not necessary to carry out such an operation when terminating with. However, as in the present embodiment, when the rotor energization is continued simply to hold the rotor position when the aperture is fully opened, it is preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving to switch the current value necessary and sufficient for maintaining the rotor position.

Next, from the exposure control circuit as shown in FIG. 10, for example, when the exposure becomes sufficient within the cutoff time, the output of the comparator 266 switches from "H" to "L" level, and the NAND gate 16
The output of 4 is "H" for both inputs of "H" level NAND gate 163.
Since its output becomes a level, its output is latched at an “L” level, the output of the NAND gate 168 becomes an “L” level as in the above-described truncation operation, and the signal Sig5 becomes an “L” level.
When the signal ▲ ▼ = "H", the rotor power is cut off. When the output of the NAND gate 168 is latched at the “L” level, the output of the inverter 185 becomes the “H” level, the clearing of the counter 113 is released, and when the predetermined number of clock pulses OSC is counted, the output becomes “L”. Becomes "L" and the output of the NAND gate 165 is latched at "L" level, the output of the inverter 186, that is, the exposure completion signal A6 becomes "H" level, and the operation shifts from the state S5 to the state S6.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the exposure control circuit, but the signal COUNT is "L".
PNP transistor 259 through level buffer circuit 265
Is on and capacitor 258 is discharged. Before the aperture is fully opened, that is, when the signal ▲ ▼ = “H” level, the analog switch 260 is in the conductive state and the inverter 267
Since the output of is at "L" level, the analog switch 261 is in a non-conducting state, and a resistance 251 is connected in parallel and a resistance 252 is connected in series to a photoconductive element such as a photometric element such as a cadmium sulfide cell (CdS) 257. Since the change in resistance value with respect to the light intensity is small, the so-called Is small (γ <1), and is suitable for exposure control with a half-open shutter in which the aperture area increases with the passage of time. Signal at the point where the aperture is fully opened ▲ ▼ ＝ “L”
When it reaches the level, the analog switch 260 becomes non-conductive,
Since the output of the inverter 267 becomes the "H" level, the analog switch 261 is in the conductive state, and the exposure control is performed only by the characteristics of the photoconductive element 257. At this time, since the aperture area is constant and only the exposure time changes, γ = 1 is appropriate. Photoconductive element
If 257 with the characteristic of γ = 1 is used, signal ▲
When ▼ = “H”, exposure time is γ <1, and when ▲ ▼ = “L”, γ = 1. The time t from when the signal COUNT changes from "L" to "H" level with the signal E1 = "H" until ▲ ▼ changes from "H" to "L" level is t (However, the values of the resistors 251 to 254 are R _{251 to} R ₂₅₄ , the value of the photoconductive element 257 is R ₂₅₇ , and the value of the capacitor 258 is C ₂₅₈ .

Further, it is assumed that the emitter-collector voltage when the PNP transistor 259 is on can be ignored. Next, the operation when the switch member 197 (SWZ) in FIG. 8 is switched to the b terminal or the c terminal will be described. Signal E1 =
When "L", E2 = "H", E3 = "L", the exposure time t
Is Next, the exposure time can be shifted. Signal as well
When E1 = "L", E1 = "L", E3 = "H" On the other hand, the drive of the rotor 21 in FIG. 9 is determined by the resistor 201 when only the signal E1 is "H" from the signal COUNT = "H" to the signal ▲ ▼ = "L", and only the signal E2 is "H". Resistance 20
2. When only the signal E3 is "H", the current value of the conducting wire portion 21b can be changed by changing the _pattern of the integrated potential V _iNT with respect to time by the resistor 203 in each case.

In this way, by appropriately changing the aperture opening time and the exposure time, it is possible to perform so-called program conversion for changing the exposure time and the opening area, that is, the aperture value according to each subject brightness.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a circuit for strobe control at the time of shooting auxiliary light such as strobe light. Distance measuring circuit 301
Stores distance measurement information and outputs it as signals F1 to F3.
Assuming that the switch member 197 (SWZ) is connected to the terminal b in FIG. 8, the signal F2 is at "H" level, the signal Sig3 generates a pulse in response to the rotation of the rotor 21, and the OR gate 306 outputs the pulse. Since the output is "H", the AND gate 304 also outputs a pulse. On the other hand, as described above, the signal
The signal COUNT becomes "H" level at the rising edge of the second pulse of Sig3, and the output of the NAND gate 307 changes from "H" level to "L" level because the OR gate 306 is also "H", and the binary counter 303 is cleared. The state is released. For example, if the distance measurement signals F1 = F2 = “H” and F3 = “L”, the output of the binary counter 303 at the rising edge of the third “H” pulse of the signal Sig3 after the signal COUNT becomes “H” level. Is Q ₁ = F ₁ =
“H”, Q ₂ = F ₂ = “H”, Q ₃ = F ₃ = “L”, the outputs of the exclusive NOR gates 308 and 310 become “H” level, and the output of the AND gate 305 changes from “L” to “L”. The H "level is reached, the strobe unit 302 is triggered, and strobe light is emitted. When the switch member 197 (SWZ) of FIG. 8 is connected to the terminal c,
Although the signal E3 is "H", the circuit operation of strobe light emission control is exactly the same as that described above. That is, the number of pulses of the signal Sig3 is counted, and strobe light is emitted at a predetermined shutter opening area, that is, at a predetermined diaphragm according to the distance information. FIG. 12 shows an example of the relationship between the aperture opening amount and the strobe light emission timing. For example, when the distance measurement information shown in the table of FIG.
When E3 = "H", strobe light is emitted.

Also, when it is necessary to change the aperture value corresponding to the distance information by the film sensitivity value, for example, the binary counter 30
It can be easily done by changing the count number of 3.

Further, in FIG. 8, the signal E2 is output by the switch member 197 (SWZ).
, And E3 are output, it is also possible to detect the subject brightness and electrically output the signals E2, E3. That is, if the subject brightness is above a certain level, it is possible to determine that the signal E2 = "H" and below that the signal E3 = "H". Furthermore, it is possible to perform such an operation by providing a plurality of determination levels of the subject brightness. Especially, in the case of stroboscopic photography when the subject brightness is high, if the half-open region of the shutter is long, camera shake is likely to occur, so such a method is effective. In addition, since the strobe light is always emitted when the aperture value reaches a predetermined value, the effect of daytime synchronization is outstanding. Since the field brightness at that time is known in advance, the shutter opening speed may be set so that the aperture value allows the stroboscopic light emission before the proper exposure amount by the exposure control circuit is reached.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the brightness of the object field is detected by the brightness detection device 312, and the signal E1 to change the shutter blade opening described above.
E3 is output and the exposure program is changed automatically.
By sending a start signal and a light emission signal to the strobe device 311, it is possible to automatically emit the strobe light and change the exposure program according to the brightness of the field without causing the photographer to operate the strobe light.

The brightness detection device 312 and the strobe device 311 can be easily configured by those skilled in the art using known techniques. It goes without saying that the signals E1 to E3 for changing the exposure program according to the field brightness can be increased to more signals by making the shutter control circuit and the exposure control circuit which receive the signals E1 to E3 correspond.

Further, instead of simply detecting the field brightness, the brightness is separately detected, for example, in the central part and the peripheral part of the photographing field angle,
Set the exposure program so that the flash fires automatically by automatically identifying the so-called backlight scene, or sets the exposure program to a faster opening speed than the shutter opening speed when using the flash in the dark to set the shooting mode to prevent camera shake. Can also be realized by applying the present invention to a known imaging method.

In this embodiment, the shutter opening waveform is automatically controlled by detecting the external light level, but this may be controlled by another method, for example, by providing the camera with a manual switch section. In addition, the name of landscape mode or sports mode is entered in the manual switch section as described above, and when you want to shoot at a relatively deep depth, switch to landscape mode, so E3 = "H" in Fig. 12 above. It is also possible to shoot with the open waveform of, or switch to the sports mode and shoot with the open waveform when E1 = "H".

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, a shutter blade and a drive source that drives the shutter blade in the opening direction and changes the drive speed of the shutter blade according to the amount of supplied electrical energy (for example, current). Setting means for setting a plurality of types of drive speeds of the shutter blades, control means for supplying an electric energy amount to the drive source according to the drive speeds set in the setting means, and detection for detecting the drive speeds of the shutter blades Means, and based on the detection result of the detection means,
In order to correct the drive speed of the shutter blades to the speed set by the setting means, a correction means for correcting the electric energy quantity supplied to the drive source is provided, thereby controlling the electric energy quantity. Since the drive speed of the shutter blades can be controlled with a simple structure, even if the drive speed of the shutter blades deviates, it is detected and corrected, so that the shutter blades can be operated at an accurate drive speed. Further, since a plurality of kinds of drive speeds of the shutter blades can be set, an optimum drive speed of the shutter blades can be set according to, for example, the photographing mode, and proper exposure can be obtained.

Still another advantage of the present invention is that the shutter blades, a drive source that drives the shutter blades in the opening direction, a setting unit that can set a plurality of types of drive speeds of the shutter blades, and the shutter at the drive speed set by the setting unit. It has a control means for operating the blades, a detection means for detecting the drive speed of the shutter blades, and a correction means for correcting the drive speed of the shutter blades to the speed set by the setting means based on the detection result of the detection means. However, by performing the correction a plurality of times, the correction unit can perform the detection and the correction of the drive speed a plurality of times even when the drive speed of the shutter blade repeatedly deviates from the set drive speed. Since it can be operated with high precision, good shooting is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 5 are developed views showing the outline of the structure of a drive mechanism of a camera showing one embodiment of the present invention corresponding to a series of movements, and FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are movable respectively. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of a member for turning on / off light transmission of the member (rotor);
FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a configuration example of an optical signal detector, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a shutter control circuit, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a rotor drive circuit. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an exposure control circuit, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a strobe control circuit, FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between an aperture opening amount and strobe emission timing, and FIG. 13 is a distance measurement. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of information, FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit for detecting the field brightness, FIG. 15 is a timing chart of the exposure operation,
FIG. 16 is a diagram comparing the aperture characteristics of the half-open shutter and the trapezoidal aperture shutter, and FIG. 17 is a development view showing a schematic configuration of a drive mechanism of a conventional camera. 1: Lens barrel, 3: Distance ring 4: Ratchet ring, 5: Ratchet claw 6: Push-out claw, 9: Push-out lever 12: Release lever 21: Rotor (movable member) 22: Yoke 23: Blade drive lever 26, 27 : Shutter blade 31: Indexing plate (movable member) 32: Light receiver, 33: Sprocket 34: Light emitter, 50: Film

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A shutter blade, a drive source that drives the shutter blade in the opening direction, and changes the drive speed of the shutter blade according to the amount of electric energy supplied, and a plurality of drive speeds of the shutter blade. Seed setting means, control means for supplying an electric energy amount to the driving source according to the driving speed set in the setting means, detecting means for detecting the driving speed of the shutter blades, and the detecting means A shutter device having a correction unit that corrects the amount of electrical energy supplied to the drive source in order to correct the drive speed of the shutter blade to the speed set by the setting unit based on the detection result of camera. 2. A shutter blade, a drive source for driving the shutter blade in the opening direction, setting means capable of setting a plurality of types of drive speeds of the shutter blade, and shutter blades at the drive speed set by the setting means. A control means for operating the shutter blade, a detection means for detecting the drive speed of the shutter blade, and a correction means for correcting the drive speed of the shutter blade to the speed set by the setting means based on the detection result of the detection means. A camera having a shutter device, wherein the correction means performs the correction a plurality of times.