JPH07187542A - Load detecting device of elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a load detecting device of an elevator, for increasing resolving power, namely, operating precision, of a limit switch to be used for a detecting unit, and decreasing effect of hysteresis of vibrationproof rubber. CONSTITUTION:The flexible amount in the direction perpendicular to a load surface of an elastic body 20 is detected, and the resolving power to the operating point of a switch 21 can be increased when the detected flexible amount is larger than the flexible amount in the loading direction. Moreover, the elastic body is pinched in the direction perpendicular to the load surface of the elastic body 20, and the flexible amounts in two directions opposed to each other are added up, and the switch 21 is operated, thereby the resolving power can be increased. Moreover the effect of hysteresis of the elastic body 20 can be decreased by combining a switch to be operated when the load is increased with a switch to be operated when the load is decreased.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a load detecting device for detecting a load on an elevator car.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 9 and 10 show Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-3804.
It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional cage load detection apparatus of the hydraulic elevator shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 is an elevator car, 2
Luggage loaded in the car 1, 3 is a structural member for supporting the car 1, 4 is a guide shoe attached to the structural member 5,
Is a guide rail for restricting the moving direction of the structural member 3 via the guide shoe 4, 6 is an elevator hoistway floor not shown, 7 is a hydraulic cylinder of a hydraulic jack embedded in the hoistway floor 6, and 8 is a hydraulic pressure not shown. It is a hydraulic plunger of a hydraulic jack that moves up and down by hydraulic oil sent from a power unit to a hydraulic cylinder.

Reference numeral 9 is a bottom plate provided on the top of the hydraulic plunger 8 for receiving a load, 10 is a vibration-proof rubber formed on the bottom plate, 11 is a vibration-proof rubber which receives the weight from the structural member 3 supporting the car 1. It is a top board to convey. Reference numeral 12 is a limit switch attached to the top plate 11, and 13 is an operating piece attached to the bottom plate 9 for operating the limit switch 12.

In the conventional hydraulic elevator constructed as described above, the hydraulic oil is sent from the hydraulic power unit (not shown) to the hydraulic cylinder 7, the hydraulic plunger 8 is raised, and the bottom plate 9, the anti-vibration rubber 10, and the top plate 11 are provided. The structural member 3 is raised along the guide rail 5 via the
Is to raise. Further, the car 1 can be similarly lowered by extracting the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic cylinder 7.

At this time, a vibration-proof rubber 10 is provided in order to prevent the vibration when the hydraulic plunger 8 operates from being transmitted to the car 1. However, when the luggage 2 is loaded in the car 1, the anti-vibration rubber 10 bends due to the load, so that the deflection is utilized to realize the load detection device. Now, when a load is applied, the anti-vibration rubber bends, the space between the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 9 becomes narrower, and the space between the limit switch 12 and the operating piece 13 of the limit switch also becomes narrower. In addition, the load can be detected by operating the limit switch. Normally, by inputting the operation of the limit switch to the control panel (not shown), the elevator is prevented from starting when the load exceeds the rated load and the over-run alarm buzzer sounds, but the load is unloaded. When the amount is lowered, the limit switch operates to deactivate the alarm buzzer, enabling the elevator to start.

[0006]

Since the conventional elevator load detecting device is constructed as described above, in order to improve the resolution of the operation of the limit switch, the vibration proof rubber having a large deflection amount with respect to the load. It is better to use, however, the swaying of the car becomes a big problem. In addition, when an elevator with a large load capacity is used, the weight ratio that composes the car further increases with the load capacity, and the total weight of the car increases. Because of the value or the limit of the maximum load per unit cross-sectional area, it is unavoidable to use a vibration-proof rubber having a large spring constant, and the amount of deflection becomes small.

Further, the anti-vibration rubber has a so-called hysteresis characteristic in that the change in deflection is different when the load increases and when it decreases. For example, even if the last one gets into the car and the alarm buzzer sounds too much,
Even if one of them gets off, the alarm buzzer does not sound too much,
There may be a few more people to get off.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and provides an elevator load detection device in which the resolution of the limit switch, that is, the operation accuracy is improved, and the influence of the hysteresis of the anti-vibration rubber is reduced. It is a thing.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, in an elastic body disposed under a car of an elevator, the load of the elevator is measured by a switch which operates according to a deflection amount in a direction orthogonal to a load surface for receiving the load. To do. Further, according to the present invention, the elastic body receives a load and bends in a direction orthogonal to the load surface, and the amount of expansion is obtained by the sandwiching body sandwiching this surface, and the load of the elevator is measured by the switch operating according to this change amount. It is a thing. The present invention is also an elevator load detection device including a switch that operates when increasing the load of a car and a switch that operates when decreasing the load of the car.

[0010]

The load detecting device for the elevator according to the present invention is
Since the amount of deflection of the elastic body in the direction orthogonal to the load surface is greater than the amount of deflection in the load direction, the resolution of the switch operating point can be increased. Further, in the present invention, by sandwiching the elastic body in a direction orthogonal to the load surface, the flexure amounts in the two opposite directions are summed up and expressed, and by operating the switch, the resolution can be increased. Further, in the present invention, the influence of the hysteresis of the elastic body can be reduced by combining the switch that operates when the load increases and the switch that operates when the load decreases.

[0011]

【Example】

Example 1. FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a load detecting device provided in a lower portion of a car of an elevator, and FIG. 2 is a vibration isolator used in the load detecting device. An experimental value obtained by measuring the amount of deflection of the rubber with respect to the load, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the deflection of the anti-vibration rubber. In the figure, the same parts as those of the conventional one are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. In the figure, 20 is an elastic body 10 made of anti-vibration rubber, and 21 is a limit switch that operates depending on the amount of deflection of the anti-vibration rubber 20 in a direction orthogonal to the load surface.

W is a load applied to the vibration-proof rubber 20, and D
₀ is the diameter of the anti-vibration rubber 20 when the load W is not applied,
D ₁ indicates the diameter of the vibration-proof rubber 20 when the load W is applied, h ₀ indicates the thickness of the vibration-proof rubber 20 when the load W is not applied, and h ₁ indicates the vibration-proof rubber when the load W is applied. 20 indicates the thickness of the vibration-proof rubber 20, δ _V indicates the amount of deflection of the anti-vibration rubber 20 in the load W direction, and δ _H indicates the amount of deflection in the direction orthogonal to the load W.

The vibration-proof rubber, which is an elastic body, is deflected in the direction orthogonal to the load in addition to the deflection in the load direction. Since the elastic body has a bulk elastic modulus that is much larger than the shear elastic modulus, the total volume tends to be almost constant even if a load-induced flexure occurs. The reduced thickness causes swelling in the direction orthogonal to the load, causing bending.

The relationship shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by experiment. This is a measurement of the deflection δ _V in the load direction and the deflection δ _H in the direction orthogonal to the load when a load is applied to a cylindrical vibration-proof rubber having a diameter of 320 mm and a thickness of 50 mm. The Results are in the when reduced as when began to increase "load, the amount of deflection also in the same load is different than the deflection [delta] _V in. Load direction indicating the characteristics of the so-called hysteresis, perpendicular to the load Deflection δ _{H in} the direction of bending gives about twice the amount of deflection. ”

This is also shown by the following relationship.
In FIG. 3, when the load W acts, the volume of the rubber that is apparently reduced by bending in the load direction is V ₀ , and when the cross-sectional shape of the rubber is a straight D ₁ cylinder, Assuming that the volume apparently increased in the direction orthogonal to is V ₁ , the relationship between V ₀ and V ₁ is approximately equal due to the nature of rubber. Where each is

[0016]

[Equation 1]

[0017] Further, assuming that the deflection rate of the anti-vibration rubber is η, the thickness h ₁ of the rubber after deformation becomes the equation (4). Substituting this into the equation (3) and rearranging from the relation of the equation (1), δ The relationship between _V and δ _H is expressed by equation (6).

[0018]

[Equation 2]

Here, the deflection rate of the anti-vibration rubber is generally 1
Since it is about 5%, when η = 0.15, the equation (7) is obtained, and when the relation of δ _H > δ _V is derived, the equation (8) is obtained.

[0020]

[Equation 3]

Therefore, in the case of a cylindrical anti-vibration rubber having a diameter of 1.13 times or more the thickness of the rubber, the deflection δ in the direction orthogonal to the load direction is larger than the deflection δ _{V in} the load direction when a load is applied. It is obvious that _H becomes larger.

As a result of the above, if the shape of the anti-vibration rubber is selected, the load can be detected in the same manner as the conventional one by the deflection in the direction orthogonal to the load direction with respect to the deflection in the load direction, and a large amount of deflection can be obtained. Since the detection stroke of the limit switch can be made large, the resolution of measurement is improved, and it is possible to obtain an elevator load detection device with a simple structure and few errors.

Example 2. 4 and 5 show another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those used in the above description have the same functions, and the description thereof is omitted. 2 in the figure
2 is a detection frame body, and 23 is the detection frame body 22 and the elastic body 20.
A sandwiching portion that is assembled by sandwiching the sandwiching body to form a sandwiching body, 24 is a spring that presses the detection frame body 22 and the sandwiching portion 23 against the elastic body 20, and 25 is a first switch attached to the sandwiching body,
The first switch 25 is fixed to the detection frame 22 with a screw 26.
A second operating bolt for operating the second switch 27, a second switch 27 attached to the sandwiching body, a second operating bolt 28 for screwing the detection frame 22 to operate the second switch 27, and 29 a detection frame It is a guide that inserts the end of the sandwiching portion 23 into the side surface of the body 22 and guides the movement thereof. Also in the figure,
36 indicates the diameter of the elastic body 20 when there is no load, and δ ₁ · δ ₂
Indicates the amount of deflection in each of two directions in which the elastic body 20 receives a load and is orthogonal to and opposed to each other.

In the load detecting device constructed as described above,
When the load of the car is applied, the elastic body 20 is deflected in the two directions orthogonal to the load by the size of δ ₁ δ ₂ , and as a result, the distance between the switch 25, 27 and the operating bolt 26, 27 becomes (δ ₁
It is narrowed by the size that is added to + δ ₂ ) and operates at a predetermined value. At this time, the operation point of the switch is almost twice as large as that in the case where the deflection is detected on one side only, and an elevator load detection device with improved measurement resolution can be obtained.

When the load in the car is uneven, the car chamber tilts and the elastic body does not flex uniformly, and δ ₁ ≠ δ ₂
Therefore, an error occurs only with the deflection on one side, but in the present invention, the sum value of the deflections on both sides is used, and a highly accurate load detection device can be obtained.

Example 3. FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention and is a sectional view of a load detecting device corresponding to FIG. 5 of the above embodiment. In the figure, 30 is a first switch attached to the holding portion 23, 31 is an operating lever which is attached to the first switch 30 and has a roller at the other end, and which expands the operating stroke of the switch, 32 is an operating lever 31 Reference numeral 33 denotes an operating piece having a convex portion that engages with the roller at the front end of the operation piece, and 33 denotes a screw for adjusting and fixing the operating piece 32 to the detection frame body 22. Similarly, 34 is a second switch attached to the holding section 23, and 35 is a second switch.
Of the operating lever which is attached to the switch 34 and has a roller at the other end to expand the operating stroke of the switch, 36 is an operating piece having a convex portion which engages with the roller at the tip of the operating lever 35, and 37 is an operating piece. The screw for adjusting and fixing 32 to the detection frame 22 is shown.

In the load detecting device constructed as described above,
Similar to the second embodiment, with respect to the load, the detection frame body 22 and the sandwiching portion 23 make a relative motion with a dimension added to (δ ₁ + δ ₂ ). Switch is operated lever 31/35 and operating piece 3
It operates by 2 ・ 36, but when the convex part of the operating piece 32 ・ 36 makes an inclination of 45 degrees or more with respect to the moving direction of the operating piece, or when it is operated, the length from this fulcrum to the switch or the tip roller is It has an amplifying section that expands the operation stroke of the switch according to the ratio.

Therefore, since the combined value of the deflections of the two opposite surfaces is further amplified by operating the operation stroke of the switch, it is possible to obtain an accurate load detection device for the elevator with improved measurement resolution. .

Example 4. 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of operating states of the switch with respect to changes in the load of the car, and FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the elevator control device showing the movement of the elevator due to the operation of the switch. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the sandwiching body distance obtained by combining the amount of flexure of the anti-vibration rubber or the amount of flexure of the two opposite outer surfaces, and the horizontal axis represents the load in the car. S ₁ indicates the operating point of the first switch, and S ₂ indicates the operating point of the second switch. L indicates the load in the car, and L is the subscript N ・ N
+ 1 · N + 2, for example, represents the number of packages or the number of passengers who board the elevator when the load is a load of a predetermined packaging unit when loading the elevator.

The solid line in the figure shows the change in the amount of deflection when the load on the elevator is increased, and the dotted line shows the change in the amount of deflection when the load is decreased. Point A shows an operating point at which the second switch is released as the load increases, point B shows an operating point at which the second switch is turned on as the load decreases, and point C indicates as the load increases. The operating point at which the first switch is released is shown.

In the flowchart of FIG. 8, step 101 is the entrance of this flow, step 102 is a judgment as to whether the first switch is released, step 103 is a judgment as to whether the second switch is released, step 104 is a process of issuing a command to prohibit the door closing operation, step 105 is a process of issuing an overriding buzzer sounding command, step 106 is a judgment as to whether or not a door closing command is issued by an elevator control device (not shown), and step 107 is The exit of this flow is shown.

First, the conventional operation will be described assuming that the second switch is the conventional switch. Passengers increase and L
_{Since the} vehicle passes point A, which is _{N + 4} , the switch is released and the overdrive warning buzzer sounds by the elevator control device (not shown), and the vehicle cannot run. However, the switch does not operate when L _{N + 3} has only one passenger, so the vehicle can run without the buzzer sounding. However, after the switch is operated, the vehicle passes the point B, that is, if four passengers do not get off, the buzzer is deenergized and it is not possible to drive, and three extra passengers have to get off, which hinders the transportation capacity of the elevator. It

The present invention will now be described. As the passengers get into the car in order, the load in the car becomes L _{N + 3} and beyond the point C, the first switch is released but the second switch is not released, and while the door close command is not issued. The flow reaches step 105 and the buzzer sounds too much. When the door closing command is issued, the buzzer stops overriding without going through step 105, and the elevator is started when the door closing is completed by the control device (not shown). When the vehicle exceeds the point C, the buzzer sounds too much and the passengers who try to get in can be stopped, and the elevator can be started immediately at a predetermined time. It should be noted that the operation of this first switch reveals that the car is almost full,
The elevator may be started without waiting for a predetermined time.

Further, as the passengers get into the car in order, the load in the car becomes L _{N + 4} and when the point A is exceeded, the second switch is released and the flow proceeds to 104/105.
It issues a door-closing prohibition command and sounds the buzzer too much. Therefore, the elevator cannot be started without closing the door. Here, when the passenger in the car gets down to L _N as a load, the point B is reached, the second switch is turned on, the door closing prohibition command is released, and the elevator can be started as described above.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent the elevator from operating the switch that makes the elevator unstartable by overriding the buzzer with a load that makes the elevator inoperable by another passenger or by a package packed with one more unit. The hysteresis of the anti-vibration rubber prevents more load from having to be unloaded when this switch is activated and then released. In the case of a passenger as a load, the weight of one passenger may be set to about 30 to 120 kg, but generally the weight of an adult is 60 to 80 kg. In addition, when the front door of the elevator is wide and a plurality of passengers can board the car at the same time, the plurality of personnel may be set as one unit of load. Further, in the present embodiment, the switch is released when the operating point of the switch is exceeded, and the switch is in the closed state when the switch is turned down. Good.

Example 5. Example 4 above. Figure 7 explained in
It will be explained with reference to the drawings added to the above. S _D indicates the operating point of the first switch corresponding to S ₁ of the fourth embodiment, and point D indicates the load released by the first switch when the increasing load exceeds this point, similar to point C. At the same time, the second switch is set to operate at substantially the same load as point B, which operates as the load decreases.

In this case, the passengers of L _N do not over-run the buzzer and the passengers of L _{N + 1} , L _{N + 2} , L _{N + 3} sound the buzzer, but the elevator can be activated. However, when the passenger gets on board L _{N + 4} further, the second switch is activated and the elevator cannot be started. Therefore, some passengers will get off, but at least L _{N + 1} , L _{N + 2} , L _{N + 3} , L _{N + 4} will get on and only the passenger who sounds the buzzer will get off, that is, the buzzer when getting on. Did not ring, but could prevent the buzzer from ringing and having to get off with it for another passenger who got on board.

[0038]

With the above-described structure and operation, it is possible to increase the resolution of the operating point of the load detecting device for the elevator which detects the switch using the deflection of the elastic body and reduce the influence of the hysteresis of the elastic body. Obtainable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a load detection device for an elevator.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an experimental value of a flexure amount of a vibration-proof rubber against a load.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the deflection of a vibration-proof rubber.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of operating states of the switch with respect to changes in the load of the car.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an elevator control device.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a part of the configuration of a conventional hydraulic elevator.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a conventional car load detection device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Car 2 Luggage in the car 20 Elastic body 21 Switch 22 Detection frame body 23 Holding part 25, 30 First switch 27, 34 Second switch 31, 35 Actuating lever

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A side surface region between the top plate and the bottom plate, which is disposed under the floor of the car of the elevator, is exposed between the top plate receiving the car load and the bottom plate facing the top plate and transmitting the load. A load detecting device for an elevator, comprising: an elastic body sandwiched between the elastic body and a switch that is brought into contact with the elastic body so as to operate in accordance with a deflection amount of the elastic body. 2. A side area between the top plate and the bottom plate, which is arranged under the floor of the car of the elevator, is exposed between the top plate receiving the car load and the bottom plate facing the top plate and transmitting the load. A load detection device for an elevator, comprising: an elastic body sandwiched between the two elastic bodies, a sandwiching body that indicates a distance between two outer surfaces including a deflection amount due to the load of the elastic body, and a switch that operates in accordance with the distance indicated by the sandwiching body. 3. A side area between the top plate and the bottom plate, which is disposed under the floor of the car of the elevator and is exposed between the top plate receiving the car load and the bottom plate facing the top plate and transmitting the load. An elastic body sandwiched by the elastic body, a sandwiching body showing a distance between the two outer side surfaces including a deflection amount due to the load of the elastic body, and an amplification section for enlarging a variation amount of the distance between the two outer side surfaces shown by the sandwiching body. A load detecting device for an elevator, comprising a switch that operates in accordance with the amount of change expanded by the amplifier. 4. A first switch which is released when the car load is increased to reach a predetermined load, and a first switch which is released when the car load is increased and released and is decreased when a predetermined load is reached. The elevator load detection device according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, comprising two switches. 5. The overriding buzzer sounds when the first switch is released, and the elevator door is closed when the second switch remains turned on within a predetermined time, and the overbuzzer is stopped to stop the elevator. It is possible to start up, and while the second switch is released, overriding buzzer continues to ring, preventing the elevator from starting with the elevator door open, and it is turned on after the second switch is released. 5. The load detecting device for an elevator according to claim 4, further comprising door opening / closing control means for immediately stopping the sounding of the buzzer and allowing the elevator door to be closed and activated. 6. The load according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined load for releasing the first switch is the maximum load capacity of the elevator minus the approximate unit weight of the cargo to be transported or passengers. The load detection device for an elevator according to the paragraph. 7. The maximum load capacity of the elevator is approximately 30 to 1 as a predetermined load for releasing the first switch.
The load detecting device for an elevator according to claim 4, wherein the load is 20 kg, ideally 60 to 80 kg, which is obtained by reducing the weight of one passenger. 8. The load detecting device for an elevator according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined load with which the first switch is released is a load with which the second switch is closed.