JPH07186335A - Biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film excellent in scratch resistance by specifying the thickness of the A-layer of the film, the relation between the particle content and thickness of the layer, the average particle size of the particles contained in the B-layer thereof and the content of the particles in the B-layer. CONSTITUTION:A biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film has a laminated structure consisting of an A-layer composed of a thermoplastic resin A and a B-layer composed of a thermoplastic resin B and the A-layer constitutes one outermost layer. The A-layer contains 0.001-50wt.% of inert particles of which the average particle size is 0.1-10 times the thickness of the Alayer and the thickness thereof is 0.005-3mum or 10% or less of the total thickness of the laminated film. The B-layer contains 0.001-1wt.% of inert particles with an average particle size of 0.005-2mum.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film, there is known a film in which polyester, which is a thermoplastic resin, contains substantially spherical silica particles derived from colloidal silica (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho. 59-171
623).

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned conventional biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film is used in various film processing processes such as a printing process in a packaging application, a magnetic layer coating / calendering process in a magnetic medium application, or a thermal transfer. Along with the increase in the process speed such as application of the heat-sensitive transfer layer in the application, there has been a problem that a film is scratched on the film surface by the contacting rolls.

Further, the conventional biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film has a problem that the coefficient of friction becomes high when the film is handled under high temperature and high humidity, resulting in poor handling property.

Further, in magnetic recording media such as video tapes, better electromagnetic conversion characteristics have been demanded, and further improvements in surface characteristics have been demanded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a film which is not easily scratched on its surface (hereinafter referred to as excellent scratch resistance) in order to solve various problems of the prior art and meet various requirements. .

[0007]

A biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film of the present invention which meets this object has a laminated structure of an A layer made of a thermoplastic resin A and a B layer made of a thermoplastic resin B, The layer A is a laminated film which constitutes at least one outermost layer, and the layer A which constitutes at least one outermost layer has an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 10 times the thickness of the layer A. The particles contain 0.001 to 50% by weight, and the layer thickness is 0.005 to 3 μm or 10 of the total thickness of the laminated film.
% Or less, and the B layer has an average particle size of 0.005 to 2
It is characterized in that it contains 0.001 to 1% by weight of inactive particles of μm.

The thermoplastic resin A according to the present invention is not particularly limited to polyesters, polyolefins, polyamides, polyphenylene sulfides, etc., but especially polyesters, especially ethylene terephthalate, ethylene α, β-bis (2-chloro). Phenoxy) ethane-4,
When at least one structural unit selected from 4'-dicarboxylate and ethylene 2,6-naphthalate units is a main constituent, scratch resistance, electromagnetic conversion characteristics,
It is desirable because the coefficient of friction is further improved.

Further, the thermoplastic resin constituting the present invention is highly desirable because it has further improved scratch resistance, electromagnetic conversion characteristics and friction coefficient when it is crystalline or has optical anisotropy when melted. The term "crystallinity" as used herein means that the material is not so-called amorphous, and the cold crystallization temperature Tcc in the crystallization parameter is quantitatively detected,
The crystallization parameter ΔTcg is 150 ° C. or less. Furthermore, when the heat of fusion (change in enthalpy of fusion) measured by a differential scanning calorimeter shows a crystallinity of 7.5 cal / g or more, scratch resistance, electromagnetic conversion characteristics, and friction coefficient become even better, so desirable. Further, in the case of polyester containing ethylene terephthalate as a main constituent component, electromagnetic conversion characteristics and scratch resistance are further improved, which is particularly desirable. Two or more kinds of thermoplastic resins may be mixed, or a copolymerized polymer may be used, as long as the present invention is not impaired.

The film of the present invention is a laminated film having a laminated constitution of an A layer made of a thermoplastic resin A and a B layer made of a thermoplastic resin B, the A layer constituting at least one outermost layer. That is, A / B, A / B / A, A / B /
The film has a laminated structure of C, A / B / C / B, A / B / C / B / A, and the like.

A constituting at least one of the outermost layers
The layer contains 0.001 to 50% by weight of inert particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 times the thickness of the layer A.

The size of the above-mentioned inert particles is such that the average particle size in the A layer is 0.1 to 10 times the A layer thickness, preferably 0.5.
It is necessary to be in the range of ˜5 times, more preferably 1.1 to 3 times. If the average particle diameter / film thickness ratio is smaller than the above range, the scratch resistance and the friction coefficient are poor, and conversely if it is large, the scratch resistance, the electromagnetic conversion characteristics and the friction coefficient are poor, which is not preferable. By having such a relationship between the particle size and the film thickness, desired projections are efficiently formed on the surface of the A layer.

Further, the content of the inert particles in the thermoplastic resin A of the present invention needs to be in the range of 0.001 to 50% by weight. If the content of the inert particles is less than the above range, or conversely, it is not preferable, the scratch resistance becomes poor.

The type of the inert particles in the thermoplastic resin A is not particularly limited, but in order to satisfy the above preferable particle characteristics, alumina silicate, silica in which primary particles are agglomerated, and internally precipitated particles are preferable. However, there are substantially spherical silica particles due to colloidal silica, particles due to crosslinked polymers (for example, crosslinked polystyrene), etc.
In particular, in the case of cross-linked polymer particles having a high degree of cross-linking until the temperature at 10% weight loss (measured in thermogravimetric analyzer Shimadzu TG-30M in nitrogen. Temperature rising rate 20 ° C / min) is 380 ° C or higher. Moreover, the scratch resistance and electromagnetic conversion characteristics are further improved, which is particularly desirable. In the case of spherical silica derived from corridal silica, the scratch resistance is further improved in the case of substantially spherical silica produced by the alkoxide method and having a low sodium content, which is particularly desirable. However, other particles such as calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and alumina can be sufficiently used by appropriately controlling the film thickness and the average particle size.

The thickness of the layer A must be 0.005 to 3 μm or 10% or less of the total thickness of the laminated film. When it deviates from this range, it becomes difficult to efficiently form a desired protrusion on the surface of the A layer.

The A layer in the film of the present invention contains a composition comprising the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin A and inert particles as a main component, but is blended with another type of polymer within a range not impairing the object of the present invention. In addition, organic additives such as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, lubricants, and ultraviolet absorbers may be added to the extent that they are usually added.

As the thermoplastic resin B constituting the layer B,
Although not particularly limited, a crystalline polymer is desirable, and in particular,
When the crystallinity parameter ΔTcg is in the range of 20 to 100 ° C., the electromagnetic conversion characteristics are further improved, which is desirable. Specific examples include polyester, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyolefin,
In the case of polyester, electromagnetic conversion characteristics are further improved, which is particularly desirable. The polyester mainly comprises at least one structural unit selected from ethylene terephthalate, ethylene α, β-bis (2-chlorophenoxy) ethane 4-4′-dicarboxylate, and ethylene 2,6-naphthalate unit. When used as a component, the dubbing resistance becomes particularly good, which is desirable. However, other components may be copolymerized within a range that does not impair the present invention and a range that does not impair the desired crystallinity, and preferably within 5 mol%.

The thermoplastic resin B of the present invention may also be blended with another type of polymer within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention, and an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a lubricant, an ultraviolet absorber and the like. The organic additive may be added to the extent that it is usually added.

The film layer containing the thermoplastic resin B as a main component contains 0.001 to 1% by weight of inactive particles having an average particle size of 0.005 to 2 μm.

By containing a specific small amount of such inert particles having a specific particle diameter, not only the friction coefficient and scratch resistance are further improved, but also the winding shape of the film is improved. As the type of the inert particles to be contained, it is desirable to use those which are preferably used for the thermoplastic resin A. The types and sizes of particles contained in the thermoplastic resins A and B may be the same or different.

Next, a typical example of the method for producing the film of the present invention will be described. First, when the thermoplastic resin is polyester, when the thermoplastic resin is a polyester, it is dispersed in the form of a slurry of ethylene glycol which is a diol component, and this ethylene glycol is mixed with a predetermined dicarboxylic acid component. Polymerization is effective for obtaining a film in which the stretching is not broken and the relationship between the thickness and the average particle diameter in the range of the present invention, the content, and the oriented state of the desired range. Also,
The method of adjusting the melt viscosity of the polyester containing the inert particles, the copolymerization component, and the like to keep the crystallization parameter ΔTcg in the range of 40 to 65 ° C. does not break the stretching, and the thickness and the average particle size in the range of the present invention , The content, the orientation state in a desired range, the surface layer particle concentration ratio, the average protrusion height, etc. are effective for obtaining a film.

The method of heat-treating a slurry of inert particles of ethylene glycol at a temperature of 140 to 200 ° C., particularly 180 to 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours, especially 1 to 3 hours does not cause stretching breakage and falls within the scope of the present invention. Relationship between thickness and average particle size,
It is effective for obtaining a film having a content, and further, an oriented state within a desirable range and a surface layer particle concentration ratio.

As a method of incorporating inert particles into a thermoplastic resin (including polyester), the particles are placed in ethylene glycol at 140 to 200 ° C., particularly 180 to 200 ° C.
After heat treatment at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours, particularly 1 to 3 hours, the solvent is replaced with water to mix with the thermoplastic resin, and the mixture is kneaded using a vent type twin-screw extruder. The method of kneading into a thermoplastic resin is also very effective for obtaining the film of the present invention.

As a method for controlling the content of particles, a high-concentration master is prepared by the above-mentioned method, and it is diluted with a thermoplastic resin which does not substantially contain inactive particles at the time of film formation, and the content of particles is adjusted. The method of adjusting is effective.

Thus, the pellets containing a predetermined amount of the predetermined inert particles are dried, if necessary, and then the predetermined thermoplastic resin composition A and the thermoplastic resin B (A and B may be the same or different). Is fed to a known extruder for melt lamination, extruded in a sheet form from a slit die, and cooled and solidified on a casting roll to prepare an unstretched film. That is, using two or three extruders, a two- or three-layer manifold or a merging block, thermoplastic resins A and B are laminated, two or three-layer sheets are extruded from a die, and cooled by a casting roll. Make an unstretched film. In this case, in the polymer flow path of the thermoplastic resin A,
The method of installing the static mixer and the gear pump is effective for obtaining the target film within the scope of the present invention without stretching breakage. Further, increasing the melting temperature of the extruder on the side of the thermoplastic resin A by 10 to 40 ° C. higher than that on the side of the thermoplastic resin B is effective for obtaining a film targeted for stretching within the scope of the present invention without stretching breakage. Is.

The film of the present invention is a film obtained by biaxially orienting the above-mentioned unstretched film. A uniaxial or non-oriented film is not preferable because scratch resistance becomes poor. The degree of this orientation is not particularly limited, but scratch resistance is further improved when the Young's modulus, which is a measure of the degree of molecular orientation of the polymer, is 350 kg / mm ² or more in both the longitudinal and width directions. desirable. The upper limit of the Young's modulus, which is a measure of the degree of molecular orientation, is not particularly limited, but usually about 5000 kg / mm ² is a manufacturing limit.

Further, in the film of the present invention, even if the Young's modulus is within the above range, the orientation of polymer molecules in a part in the thickness direction of the film, for example, near the surface layer is non-orientation, or
It is particularly desirable that the scratch resistance, the electromagnetic conversion characteristics, and the friction coefficient are further improved when the molecular orientation of the entire portion in the thickness direction is the biaxial orientation, which is not the uniaxial orientation.

In particular, when the molecular orientation measured by Abbe refractometer, refractometer using laser, total reflection laser Raman method, etc. is biaxial orientation on both the front and back surfaces, scratch resistance, electromagnetic conversion characteristics, This is particularly desirable because the coefficient of friction becomes even better.

As the stretching method for biaxially stretching the unstretched film and orienting it biaxially, a sequential biaxial stretching method or a simultaneous biaxial stretching method can be used. However, using a sequential biaxial stretching method in which stretching in the longitudinal direction first and then in the width direction is performed first,
A method in which the stretching in the longitudinal direction is divided into three stages or more and the total longitudinal stretching ratio is 3.5 to 6.5 times is effective for obtaining a film within the scope of the present invention without stretching breakage. However, when the thermoplastic resin is a molten optically anisotropic resin, the longitudinal stretching ratio is appropriately 1 to 1.1 times. The stretching temperature in the longitudinal direction varies depending on the type of thermoplastic resin and cannot be generally stated, but usually, the first step should be 50 to 130 ° C., and the second step and thereafter should be higher than that. It is effective for obtaining a film having a relationship of particle size, content, orientation in a desired range, average protrusion height, and surface particle concentration ratio. The longitudinal stretching speed is preferably in the range of 5,000 to 50,000% / min.

As a stretching method in the width direction, a method using a stenter is generally used. The stretching ratio is appropriately in the range of 3.0 to 5.0 times. The stretching speed in the width direction is 1000 to
It is preferable that the temperature is 20000% / min and the temperature is 80 to 160 ° C. Next, this stretched film is heat-treated. The heat treatment temperature in this case is 170 to 200 ° C., particularly 170 to 190
The temperature and the time are preferably in the range of 0.5 to 60 seconds.

[Method of measuring physical properties and method of evaluating effects]
The method for measuring each physical property of the film according to the present invention and the method for evaluating the effect will be described below, and the preferable range of the film according to the present invention will be described with respect to the values obtained by the measurement of the physical property and the evaluation of the effect. However, there is also an item in which only the physical properties and characteristics to be evaluated are listed and the preferable range of the film of the present invention in them is described.

(1) Particle content (mainly base layer B layer) A solvent in which the thermoplastic resin (for example, polyester) is dissolved but the particles are not dissolved is selected, the particles are centrifuged from the polyester, and the ratio to the total weight of the particles ( (% By weight) is defined as the particle content. In some cases, the combined use of infrared spectroscopy is also effective. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.005 to 1% by weight.

(2) Particle content (mainly layer A layer) The layer A layer was scraped off from the film and measured in the same manner as in the above item (1). The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.1 to 10% by weight.

(3) Content of Spinel Oxide When the film contains a spinel oxide, the content of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.001 to 20% by weight.

(4) Content of Spherical Silica When the layer A layer contains spherical silica as inert particles, its content is preferably 0.02 to 10% by weight.

(5) Concentration Ratio of Spherical Silica The base layer B layer contains spherical silica (B) (concentration C _B ),
When the laminated layer A layer contains spherical silica (A) (concentration C _A ), the concentration ratio C _B / C _A of the spherical silica is 0.00000.
It is preferably 5 to 10.

(6) Surface layer particle concentration ratio The secondary ion mass spectrum (SIMS) is used to determine the concentration ratio of the highest concentration element of the particles in the film and the carbon element of the thermoplastic resin. And analyze in the thickness direction. The ratio of the particle concentration A at the outermost surface particle concentration (point at a depth of 3 nm) measured by SIMS and the maximum concentration B obtained by continuing the analysis in the depth direction, A
/ B was defined as the surface particle concentration ratio. The measuring device and conditions are as follows. Primary ion species: O ₂ ⁺ Primary ion acceleration voltage: 12 kV Primary ion current: 200 nA Raster region: 400 μm □ Analysis region: Gate 30% Measuring vacuum degree: 6.0 × 10 ⁻⁹ Torr E-GUN: 0. 5 kV-3.0A Both surface layers A and B have a surface layer particle concentration ratio of preferably 1 or less. Even when the layer A contains two types of inert particles, the amount is preferably 1 or less.

(7) Particle Density As for the particle density of the surface layer A, the number of surface protrusions was measured at 10 points by a scanning electron microscope (5000 times) after plasma etching the film surface in an extremely small amount. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 100 to 10
It is 000000 pieces / mm ² .

(8) Filler Packing Density In the film of the present invention, when expressed as a filler packing density (the number of particles per unit volume) with respect to the particle content, the value is preferably 1000 to 100,000 particles / mm ² .

[0040] (9) The aluminum deposited facilities best to measure film surface of the tear protrusions number, scanning electron was observed at 2000-fold magnification with a microscope, the number of 1 mm ² per tip of the projection has become lost recessed shape Convert to.
The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1
It is 000 pieces / mm ² or less.

(10) Particle Aggregation A film containing particles is cut into an ultrathin section having a thickness of 1000 Å in the cross-sectional direction, and a transmission electron microscope (for example, JEOL J.
When the particles are observed at a magnification of about 100,000 times using EM-1200EX or the like), the minimum particle size (primary particle size) at which the particles cannot be further divided can be observed. The number of primary particles that make up one agglomerated particle observed in the same manner as the observation of primary particles is counted, and 100
The averaged value for the visual field was defined as the average degree of aggregation. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1-10.
It is 0.

(11) Average particle size of particles (Part 1) The particles are uniformly dispersed in ethylene glycol to form a slurry, which is diluted to a concentration convenient for measurement, and a centrifugal sedimentation type particle size measuring apparatus (Shimadzu Corporation) is used. Manufactured by SA-CP2 type). The obtained particle size distribution was plotted on a logarithmic probability paper, and the median diameter at the point where the cumulative passage percentage was 50% was taken as the average particle size of the particles. The preferable range of the inactive particles A (A layer-containing particles) of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.01 to 1.2 μm.

(12) Average Particle Size of Particles (Part 2) Polyester is removed from the film by a plasma low temperature ashing method (for example, PR-503 type manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.) to expose the particles. The processing conditions are selected such that polyester is incinerated but particles are not damaged. This is SE
Observe with M (scanning electron microscope), connect the image of the particles (light and shade of light produced by the particles) to an image analyzer (for example, QTM900 made by Cambridge Instruments), change the observation point and the number of particles is 5000 or more. The number average diameter D obtained by the treatment is used as the average particle diameter. D = ΣDi / N Here, Di is the equivalent circle diameter of particles, and N is the number. Regarding the inert particles B (B layer-containing particles), the average particle size of the primary particles is measured. The preferable range of the inactive particles B of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 5 to 1000 nm.

(13) Average Particle Size of Particles (Part 3) When the layer A-containing inert particles of the film of the present invention are spherical silica, the preferred range is 0.005 to 5 μm. Further, preferable range of the ratio D _B / D _A and the average particle size D _B of the average particle diameter D _A and B layer containing inert particles in layer A containing the particles is 0.005 to 40.

(14) Average Primary Particle Diameter of Particles The average primary particle diameter of particles can be measured and calculated by the following air permeation method. The air permeation method is generally described as the relationship between the permeability of a fluid (air) that permeates a powder packed bed and the specific surface area of the powder for powder composed of spherical uniform particles, as described below by Kozeny Carman. It is a method of obtaining the average particle diameter by using the equation (1). _{S W = (14 / ρ)} √ [(ΔPAt) / (ηLQ)] [ε 2 / (1-ε) 2] (1) where, ε = 1- (W / ρAL ) In here; S _W Specific surface area of powder (cm ² / g) ε; porosity of powder packing degree ρ; powder density (g / cm ³ ) η; viscosity coefficient of air (g / cm · sec) L; powder packing Layer thickness (cm) Q; Powder filling permeation air amount (cc) ΔP; Filling layer pressure between both sides (g / cm ² ) A; Filling layer cross-sectional area (cm ² ) t; Qc. c. In the above equation (1), ρ, η, L, A, and ε can be measured independently, so that Q and t are Given ΔP
S _W can be obtained by measuring The average particle diameter d _W is calculated taking the value of the S _W by the following equation (2). d _W = 6 / (ρS _W ) (2) As a measuring device, there is SS100 (Shimadzu Corporation) or the like. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.02 to 1.4 μm.

(15) Average particle size × amount of added particles It is also possible to evaluate the content of particles as the product of the average particle size and the added amount of the particles. For example, the average particle size is measured as follows. The particle size distribution in the slurry obtained by sufficiently dispersing the inert inorganic particles in the ethylene glycol slurry was measured by a light transmission type centrifugal sedimentation type particle size distribution measuring device (S
A-CP3 type (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used, and the integrated value of 50% was used. The product of the average particle diameter (μm) thus measured and the particle addition amount (ppm) is obtained. The amount of particles added in the present invention is, for example, 0.5 to 200.
It is 000 ppm · μm.

(16) Coarse Particle Number of Polymer 28 A small amount of polymer is sandwiched between two cover glasses to form 28
It is melt-pressed at 0 ° C., rapidly cooled, and then observed using a phase contrast microscope, and the number of particles having a maximum length in a particle image of 5 μm or more is counted by an image analysis processor Luzex 500 (manufactured by Nippon Regulator). The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 200 pieces / 10 mm ³ or less.

(17) Degree of variation in particle size The particles in the film were scanned with a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-510).
It was observed and photographed with a mold), enlarged and copied, and further traced to randomly paint 200 particles in black. This image was measured for a horizontal Fere diameter using an image analyzer (Luzex 500 manufactured by Nireco Co., Ltd.), and the average value was used as the average particle diameter used in the following formula.
The degree of particle size variation was calculated by the following formula. Variability = (standard deviation of particle diameter / average particle diameter) × 10
0 (%) The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 8
It is 0% or less.

(18) Particle Size Ratio (Part 1) Particles to be blended with polyester were observed with a scanning electron microscope, the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter were determined for each particle, and the ratio was calculated. This value was obtained for at least 100 particles, and the arithmetic mean was used as the particle size ratio. When the contained particles are crosslinked polymer particles, the preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1 to 5.0.

(19) Particle Size Ratio (Part 2) The major axis, minor axis, and area equivalent circle diameter of the spherical silica particles are images obtained by depositing a metal on the surface of the particles and then magnifying them by, for example, 10,000 to 30,000 times with an electron microscope. The average particle size and the particle size ratio are calculated by the following formula. Average particle size = sum of area circle equivalent diameters of measured particles / number of measured particles Particle size ratio = average major axis of silica particles / average minor axis of the particles If the contained particles are spherical silica, this measuring method is used for the particle size ratio. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in
It is 2.0.

(20) Specific surface area ratio of particles The specific surface area ratio B is defined by the following equation. B = specific surface area value obtained by BET method / specific surface area value converted into equivalent sphere Here, the specific surface area value obtained by BET method is a value obtained from the adsorption amount of nitrogen gas at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1 to
It is 1.5.

(21) Particle size distribution width index The particle size distribution width index (SI) is expressed by the following equation. SI = D ₇₅ / D ₂₅ × D ₅ / D _{1 In the} formula, D ₇₅ , D ₂₅ , D ₅ and D ₁ are each 75 in the equivalent spherical diameter distribution obtained by a centrifugal sedimentation particle size distribution analyzer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The particle size (μm) at the points of%, 25%, 5% and 1% is shown. The particle size distribution width index shows the spread of the particle size distribution, and becomes closer to monodisperse as it approaches 1.0. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5 to 1.

(22) Relative standard deviation of particle size It is expressed by the following equation. Relative standard deviation = √ [Σ ((D1-D _AV ) ² / n) /
D _AV ] where D1: area circle equivalent diameter (μm) of each particle D _AV : average value of area circle equivalent diameter Σ: i = 1 to n D _AV = (ΣD1) / n (μm) This measurement method The preferred range of the film of the present invention is 5
It is the following.

(23) Particle volume dependence coefficient (f) is expressed by the following equation. f = V / D ³ V: average volume per particle (μm ³ ) D: average maximum particle size (μm) of particles The closer to π / 6, the closer to a true sphere. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.3 to 0.52.

(24) Sphericity of particles Polyester is removed from the film by a plasma low temperature ashing method (for example, PR-503 type manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.) to expose the particles. The processing condition is that polyester is ashed,
The organic polymer particles are selected under the condition that they will not be damaged.
This is observed with an SEM (scanning electron microscope), and an image of the particles (light and shade of light generated by the particles) is analyzed by an image analyzer (for example, QTM90 manufactured by Cambridge Instruments).
It is the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis obtained by performing the following numerical processing with the number of particles of 5000 or more by tying to (0) and changing observation points. Sphericity = Σ (D ₁ / D ₂ ) / N D ₁ , D ₂ is the major axis (maximum diameter) of each individual particle,
The minor axis (minimum diameter) and N are the total number. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1 to 3.

(25) Pore volume of particles This is the volume of pores having particles. The particles may be hollow inside. For example, silica particles having pores can be mentioned. With respect to the pore volume, the preferable range in the film of the present invention is 0.7 to 1.3 cc / g.

(26) Area ratio of particle to circumscribed circle Inactive particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-510 type), photographed and enlarged, and further traced to obtain 200 random particles. The particles were painted black. Twenty particles were arbitrarily selected from the trace image, and the projected cross-sectional area of each particle was measured with an image analyzer (manufactured by Nireco Corporation, Luzex 500 type). Also,
The area ratio was calculated using the following formula by calculating the area of the circle circumscribing these particles. Area ratio = (projected cross-sectional area of grain / area of circle circumscribing grain) × 100 The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5 to 1%.

(27) Hardness of particles It is expressed by Mohs hardness. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 3-9.

(28) Average Height of Surface Protrusions (Part 1) 2 Detector Scanning Electron Microscope (ESM-3200,
Elionix Co., Ltd.) and cross-section measurement device (PMS-1,
The image processing apparatus (IBAS2000, Carl Zeiss Co., Ltd.) was used to measure the height of protrusions when scanning was performed with the height of the flat surface of the film being 0 in Elionix Co., Ltd.
Manufactured) to reconstruct the film surface projection image on the image processing device. Next, the highest value among the individual projections obtained by binarizing the projections in this surface projection image is taken as the height of the projection, and this is calculated for each projection. This measurement was repeated 500 times at different places to determine the number of protrusions, and the average value of the heights of all the measured protrusions was taken as the average height. In addition, the standard deviation of the height distribution was calculated based on the height data of each protrusion. The magnification of the scanning electron microscope is selected to be a value between 1000 and 80,000 times. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.
005 to 1 μm.

(29) Average Height of Surface Protrusions (Part 2) A surface roughness curve is obtained with a tally step surface roughness meter (manufactured by Taylor Hobson Co.), and a curve recognized as a peak (peak count value is The height from the average line was measured, and the number of projections of 0.010 μm or more was measured under the following conditions. Measurement length: 1 mm Cutoff: 0.33 Hz (high-pass filter) Peak count value: 0.005 μm The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.01 to 2.5 μm. Further, the ratio of maximum projection height / average projection height was determined. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 50 or less.

(30) The number of protrusions having a height of 0.1 μm or more (H _0.1 ) and the number of protrusions having a height of 0.01 to 0.05 μm (H _0.01-0.05 ). Using an optical non-contact three-dimensional surface roughness meter (ET-30HX), with a cut-off value of 0.08 mm in the 45 ° direction with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film,
The length was measured over 0.25 mm, the sample was divided into 500 points at a pitch of 0.5 μm, and the height of each point was taken into a three-dimensional roughness analyzer (SPA-11). The same operation as this was performed 150 times at intervals of 0.5 μm, that is, over 0.075 mm, and the data was captured in the analyzer. next,
The 10-point average roughness was obtained using an analyzer and expressed in μm. Next, the height distribution of the protrusion density was obtained using an analyzer. At this time, only those recognized as protrusions exceeding the hysteresis width of ± 0.00625 μm were counted. The surface with the largest number of projections is used as the reference surface, and the number of projections recognized at a level 0.1 μm higher than the reference surface is converted into the number per 1 mm ² to find the number of projections with a height of 0.1 μm or more. (H _0.1 ). Further, the number of protrusions having a height of 0.01 to 0.05 μm was subtracted from the number of protrusions having a height of 0.01 μm or more to obtain the number of protrusions having a height of 0.01 to 0.05 μm (H _0.01-0.05 ). The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is H _0.1 is 5000 pieces / mm ^2.
Hereinafter, H _0.01-0.05 is 2000 or more / mm ² .

(31) Evaluation of protrusion height by interference fringes Multiple interference method (after aluminum deposition on the film surface, interference fringes were taken out at a measurement wavelength of 0.54 μm by the multiple interference method, and the interference fringes were photographed and n The number of the following interference fringes is counted and converted to 1 mm ^{2. The} measuring device is a surface optical microscope manufactured by Nihon Kogaku Co., Ltd., and the mirror reflectance is 65% and the microscope magnification is 200 times. Ratio N of the number Nn (number / mm ² ) of n-th order interference fringes
_It is evaluated as ₁ / N ₂ . The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5 to 15.

(32) Measurement of maximum height of protrusion Based on a sectional curve obtained by a surface roughness measuring machine (SE-3F) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., a reference length (2.5 mm)
The maximum height of the extracted portion is defined by sandwiching the extracted portion (hereinafter referred to as the extracted portion) with two straight lines parallel to the average line, measuring the distance between these two straight lines, and expressing the value in units of micrometers (μm). Satoshi The maximum height of the protrusion is
Ten cross-section curves were obtained from the surface of the sample film, and the average value of the maximum heights of the extracted portions obtained from these cross-section curves was expressed. The radius of the stylus used for measurement is 2.0μ.
m, the load was 30 mg, and the cutoff value was 0.08 mm. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 2 μm or less.

(33) Distribution curve of protrusion height Three-dimensional surface roughness meter (SE-JAK) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.
Under the condition that the tip radius of the stylus is 5 μm, the needle pressure is 30 mg, the measurement length is 0.5 mm, the sampling pitch is 1.0 μm, the cutoff is 0.25 mm, the vertical magnification is 50,000 times, the horizontal magnification is 200 times, and the number of scanning lines is 500. The protrusion height and the number of protrusions were measured. The height of the protrusion (X (μm)) in the present invention is defined as the height of the point at which the number of protrusions is maximum is 0 level, and the height from this level is defined as the protrusion height, and the number of protrusions at each protrusion height (Y
The relationship ((pieces / mm ² )) was graphically represented and expressed as a distribution curve. Preferred X of the film of the present invention in this measuring method
The ranges of and Y are the regions that satisfy the following equation. 2-20X <log ¹⁰ Y <4-4X

(34) Protrusion distribution measuring method Using a three-dimensional roughness meter (SE-3CK) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., needle diameter 2 μmR, needle pressure 30 mg, measurement length 1 mm, sampling pitch 2 μm, cutoff 0 The profile of the projections on the film surface is three-dimensionally (three-dimensionally) imaged under the conditions of 0.25 mm, magnification in vertical direction of 20,000 times, magnification in lateral direction of 200 times, and number of scanning lines of 150. When the profile is cut in a plane perpendicular to the thickness of the film, the plane where the total cross-sectional area of the profile of each protrusion is 70% of the area of the film measurement region is defined as a reference level (0 level), and Let y be the number of projections cut when cut on a plane parallel to the plane of the reference level and separated by a distance x in the height direction of the projections. A projection distribution curve can be drawn by sequentially increasing or decreasing x, reading the number of y at that time, and plotting it on a graph.
The distance x is defined as “protrusion height (x)”, and the above y is defined as “protrusion number (y)”. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is such that the protrusion height is 0.001 to 0.001.
It is 0.8 μm.

(35) Standard deviation of height distribution of surface protrusions Two-detector type scanning electron microscope [ESM-3200,
Elionix Co., Ltd.] and cross-section measuring device [PMS-1,
Elionix Co., Ltd.], the height of the projection when the flat surface of the film surface is set to 0, and the measured height of the protrusion is measured by an image processing apparatus [IBAS2000, Carl Zeiss Co., Ltd.].
Manufacturing process, and reconstruct the film surface projection image on the image processing apparatus. Next, the equivalent circle diameter is calculated from the area of each protrusion obtained by binarizing the protrusion portion in this surface protrusion image, and this is made the average diameter of the protrusion. In addition, the highest value among the binarized individual projection portions is set as the height of the projection, and this is obtained for each projection. This measurement is repeated 500 times at different places, and the height distribution of the measured protrusion is regarded as a normal distribution (normal distribution centered on a point with height 0) and approximated by the least square method to calculate the height distribution. The standard deviation was calculated. The scanning electron microscope has a magnification of 100.
Select between 0 and 8000 times. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1 or less.

(36) Height distribution of fine protrusions The protrusion height was measured by the shadowing method, and the protrusion height corresponding to 0.01% from the highest was H
_The protrusion height corresponding to _0.01 and 0.1% is H _0.1 , and the protrusion height corresponding to 1% is H ₁ . The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is H _0.01 of 500 to 1000.
nm, H _0.1 is 400 to 700 nm, H ₁ is 350 to 5
00 nm.

(37) Number of projections A surface roughness curve is obtained by using a tally step surface roughness meter (Taylor Hobson Co.), and an average line is obtained for those recognized as peaks (protrusions exceeding the peak count value). Was measured, and the number of protrusions of 0.010 μm or more was measured under the following conditions. Measurement length: 1 mm Cutoff: 0.33 Hz (high-pass filter) Peak count value: 0.005 μm Since the frequency of protrusions with a height of 0.30 μm or more is low, the above measurement was repeated 400 times to determine the number. Measuring length: 400 mm The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1000 or less for protrusions having a height of 0.30 μm or more.

(38) Number of Protrusions (Part 1) The number of protrusions having a height of 100 nm or more was determined by measuring with an optical surface roughness meter. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 500,000 pieces / mm ² or less.

(39) Number of protrusions (Part 2) Measured by an optical interference type surface roughness meter, and the height was 0.5 to 0.8.
The number of protrusions of μm was determined. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 50,000 pieces / mm ² or less.

(40) Number of protrusions (3) After aluminum was vapor-deposited on the surface of the film, interference fringes were generated at a measurement wavelength of 0.54 μm by a multiple interference method using a surface finish microscope manufactured by Nihon Kogaku Co., Ltd. the number of more than 1 order fringes surface integral count of 10 cm ^2, was converted into 100 cm ^2. The mirror reflectance at the time of measurement was set to 65%. The number of protrusions having a height of 0.27 μm or more was counted. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 10000 pieces / mm ² .

(41) Number of fine protrusions Measured by the shadowing method. The shadowing method uses a heavy metal having a high secondary electron generation efficiency such as an Au-Pd alloy as an evaporation source, thinly vapor-deposits obliquely on a sample to be a rough surface to be measured, and high-resolution electron such as low acceleration FE-SEM from directly above. This is a method of observing the length of the shadow with a microscope. Vapor deposition incident angle θ is 85
And the Au-Pd film thickness is 10Å, the height of each protrusion can be measured with an accuracy of about 8%. When taking the height distribution in this manner, it is preferable to measure the area as large as possible. As the FE-SEM, Hitachi S-800
Was used. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1 × 10 ² to 1 × 10 ⁶ pieces / mm ² .

(42) Fine protrusion density The fine protrusion density in the present invention can be measured by a stylus type surface roughness meter. At this time, the radius of the stylus is 2 μm and the stylus pressure is 3
The film surface is measured by 1 mm with 0 mg, a cutoff value of 0.08 mm, a vertical magnification of 100,000 and a horizontal magnification of 500. The difference between the peak level on the chart of the obtained roughness curve and the valley level on the left side is 1.0.
Those having a size of μm or more are defined as fine protrusions. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 500 pieces / mm when peaks of 1 μm or more are counted.

(43) Number of Coarse Protrusions (Part 1) After thinly depositing aluminum on the film surface, the number of coarse protrusions of four or more rings (number per 1 mm ^{2 of} measuring area) was counted using a ^two- beam interference microscope. . The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 10 pieces / mm ² or less.

(44) Number of Coarse Protrusions (Part 2) Aluminum was vapor-deposited on the film surface and observed using a two-beam interference microscope, and the number showing the nth-order interference fringes was measured at a measurement wavelength of 0.54 μm. Measuring film area is 25 cm
^The number of protrusions of the third or higher order is H ₃ , and the number of protrusions of the fourth or higher order is H ₄ . The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is H ₃ of 100 / mm ² or less.

(45) Number of coarse protrusions (number of protrusions having a height of 0.54 μm or more) (3) Aluminum was vapor-deposited on the film surface to a thickness of 500 Å, and then magnified with a two-beam interference microscope manufactured by Nach. 8
The whole area of 20 mm ² is scanned at 00 times. 2.0
The number of protrusions having interference fringes equal to or more than the following is calculated and converted into the number per 1 cm ² , and this is taken as the coarse protrusion number. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 100.
It is 000 pieces / cm ² .

(46) Number of Coarse Protrusions (Part 4) 10 mg of a sample was accurately weighed, sandwiched between a cover glass of 18 × 18 mm and heat-pressed at 280 to 290 ° C. to prepare a film having a diameter of about 10 mm. Was observed with a phase-contrast microscope (100 times), and particles having a maximum length of 10 μm or more were measured and defined as the number of coarse protrusions. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 10.

(47) Number of Coarse Particles in Film 28 A small amount of film is sandwiched between two cover glasses to form 28 particles.
After melt-pressing at 0 ° C, quenching, observing using a phase contrast microscope, and processing using image analysis processor Luzex 500 (manufactured by Nippon Regulator), the maximum number of particles in a particle image was 5 μm or more (measurement The area per 4.8 mm ² was counted. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 20 pieces / mm ² or less.

(48) Measurement of dents Aluminum is vapor-deposited on the film and observed with a differential interference microscope to obtain a plurality of photographs with a magnification of 500 times. Then, the number of dents having a major axis of 5 μm or more visually observed on this photograph is counted and converted into the number per 1 cm ² . The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 100 pieces / cm ² .

(49) Center line average roughness (Ra) of film surface, 10-point average surface roughness (R _ZD ) It is a value defined by JIS-80601. In the present invention, it is touched by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. Needle type surface roughness meter (SURFCOR
DER SE-30C). The measurement conditions are as follows. (A) Stylus tip radius: 2 μm (b) Measurement pressure: 30 mg (c) Cutoff: 0.25 mm (d) Measurement length: 1.0 mm (e) Data compilation method: Repeated 5 times on the same sample , The one with the largest value is removed, and the average value of the remaining four data is displayed. The 10-point average surface roughness (R _ZD ) of the film surface is
In the above measurement, 1 of roughness profile with a measurement length of 1 mm
R _ZD is displayed as the average value of the differences R _Z1 , R _Z2, ... R _Z5 between the highest peak and the lowest valley in each section equally divided into / 5.
The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is R
_ZD is 5 to 500 nm.

(50) Surface Roughness Surface shape measuring device Surfcoder F, made by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.
Measured using E-3F model with cutoff of 0.08 mm and measurement magnification of 50,000 times. The ratio of magnetic surface / nonmagnetic surface was calculated from the above measured values. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.2 to 1.

(51) Center line average roughness (Ra), 10-point average roughness (Rz) According to JIS-B0601, a high precision surface roughness meter SE-3FAT manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. was used. , Needle radius 2μ
m, load 30 mg, magnification 200,000 times, cutoff 0.
A chart is placed under the condition of 08 mm, a portion of the measurement length L is extracted from the film surface roughness curve in the direction of its center line, the center line of the extracted portion is taken as the X axis, and the longitudinal magnification direction is taken as the Y axis. When represented by the roughness curve Y = f (x), the value given by the following equation is expressed in μm. Ra = (1 / L ₀ ) ∫ ^L | f (x) | dx In this measurement, four pieces are measured with a reference length of 1.25 mm and are represented by an average value. Regarding Rz, according to JIS-B0601, a chart is drawn in the same manner as Ra, and in the portion where the reference length is extracted from the cross-section curve, the direction from the straight line that is parallel to the average line and does not cross the cross-section curve to the longitudinal magnification direction The value of the difference between the average value of the heights of the 5th to the highest peaks and the average value of the heights of the 5th to the bottom of the valley bottoms is measured in micrometers (μm). In this measurement, four pieces were measured with a reference length of 1.25 m / m, and are represented by an average value. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is Ra
Is 0.03 μm or less and Rz is 5 to 900 nm.

(52) Film surface roughness (Ra) This is a value defined by JIS-B0601 as the center line average roughness (Ra). In the present invention, the stylus type surface roughness meter of Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. is used in the present invention. (SURFCORDER SE-30C)
Is measured. The measurement conditions are as follows. (A) Stylus tip radius: 2 μm (b) Measurement pressure: 30 mg (c) Cutoff: 0.08 mm (d) Measurement length: 1.0 mm (e) Data compilation method: Repeatedly measured 5 times for the same sample , Except for the one with the largest value, round off the fifth digit after the decimal point of the average value of the remaining four data and display up to the fourth digit after the decimal point. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 2
Is about 25 nm.

(53) Surface Roughness (CLA) According to the method described in DIN Standard 4768, it was measured under the following conditions with a Perten S6P type apparatus. Cut-off wavelength value: 0.08 μm Detection length: 1.75 μm Sensor curvature: 5 μm Pressure on the sensor: 50 mgf The measurement results are the average of 30 measurements made on profiles 20 μm apart. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 2 to 30 nm.

(54) Difference in surface roughness (Ra) between front and back It is a value defined by JIS-B0601 as the center line average roughness (Ra), and in the present invention, the stylus type surface of Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. Roughness meter (SURFCORDER SE-30C)
Is measured. The measurement conditions are as follows. (A) Stylus tip radius: 2 μm (b) Measurement pressure: 30 mg (c) Cutoff: 0.25 mm (d) Measurement length: 2.5 mm (e) Data compilation method: Repeated 5 measurements on the same sample , The one with the largest value is removed, and the fourth digit after the decimal point of the average value of the remaining four data is rounded off and the third digit after the decimal point is displayed. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the difference in Ra between the front and back is 0 to 0.030 μm.

(55) Surface roughness (maximum height Rmax) For measurement, ET-30HK + SP manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.
Using A-11, the two-dimensional roughness was determined by the contact method.
The measurement conditions are as follows. (A) Needle pressure: 6 mg (needle diameter 2 μmR) (b) Magnification: Height direction × 50000 (c) Cutoff: 0.08 mm (d) Measurement speed: 20 μm / sec. Preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measurement method Is 0.01 to 0.8 μm.

(56) Surface roughness parameter Rt / Ra
(B layer) Rt (maximum height) and Ra (center line average roughness) were measured using a surface roughness meter. The conditions are as follows: 2
The value was defined as the average value of 0 measurements. (A) Stylus tip radius: 0.5 μm (b) Stylus load: 5 mg (c) Measurement length: 1 mm (d) Cutoff: 0.08 mm The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measurement method is 1
~ 50.

(57) Surface roughness parameter P10 Optical interference type three-dimensional surface analyzer (TOPO- manufactured by WYKO)
3D, objective lens: 40 to 200 times, effective use of high resolution camera) is used to construct a film surface protrusion image on the image processing apparatus. In this surface protrusion image, the average of 10 points from the highest value of the protrusion portion was defined as P10. Two
The value was defined as the average value of 0 measurements (unit: nm). The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 20.
~ 1000 nm.

(58) Three-dimensional center plane average roughness (SRa) A portion of area Sw is extracted from the roughness curved surface on the center surface, and the orthogonal coordinate system X axis, Y is drawn on the center surface of the extracted portion.
When the axis is placed and the axis orthogonal to the center plane is represented by the Z axis, the value given by the following formula is represented by a unit of μm. SRa = (1 / Sw) ∬ | f (X, Y) | dxdy where ∫ is from 0 to L _X and from 0 to L _Y , and L _X L _Y = Sw The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measurement method Is 0.005 to 0.050 μm.

(59) 10-point average roughness (SRz) The film surface was measured with an optical non-contact three-dimensional surface roughness meter (ET-30HX) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. at 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film. With a cutoff value of 0.08 mm in the direction,
The length was measured over 0.25 mm, the pitch was divided into 500 points at a pitch of 0.5 μm, and the height of each point was taken into a three-dimensional roughness analyzer (SPA-11). The same operation as this was performed 150 times at 0.5 μm intervals, that is, over 0.075 mm, and the data was captured in the analyzer. Next, 10-point average roughness was obtained using an analyzer and expressed in μm. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.020 to 0.7 μm.

(60) Three-dimensional average inclination gradient (SΔa) ΔZ / Δr, where Δr is the change in average circle radius r of the area and number of verticles obtained by cutting with each cutting plane of the surface shape (based on the average surface) Is calculated on a cutting plane of each level, and each value is averaged to obtain a three-dimensional average slope. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.0.
It is 05 to 0.04.

(61) Spatial average wavelength (Sλa) of three-dimensional surface roughness Measurement length 1, spatial angular frequency w ₀ , sine function of amplitude A y =
When the following calculation is performed assuming a surface shape of AsinWox, (2πRa / Δa) = [(2π / l) ∫ | y | dx / [(1 / l) ∫ | dy / dx | dx]] = ( 2π / W ₀ ) [∫ | sinWox | dx] / [∫ | WsWox | dx] = 2π / W ₀ = λ ₀ (where ∫ is from 0 to 1 (the same applies to the following formula)),
The spatial average wavelength λ ₀ is obtained. When the center line of the surface roughness measured here is represented by the function y = f (x) with the X axis, f
About (x) 2πRa / Δa = (2π / l) ∫ | f (x) | dx / [(1 / l) ∫ | df (x) / dx | dx] = [2π∫ | AsinWax | dx] / ∫ | (D (AsinWax)) / dx | = λa The spatial wavelength λa of the sine function satisfying the relation of
It is defined as the spatial average wavelength of (x). Therefore, the spatial average length (Sλa) of the three-dimensional surface roughness is defined as follows. Sλa = (2π · SRa / (SΔa)) However, SRa: three-dimensional center plane average roughness SΔa: three-dimensional average inclination gradient The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.01 to 15 μm.

(62) Surface smoothness of film (TAR) The surface of the film was measured with a stylus type three-dimensional surface roughness meter (SE-3AK) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., with a needle radius of 2 μm and a load of 30 mg. Under the condition, the cut-off value is 0.25 mm in the longitudinal direction of the film, and the measurement length is 1 mm.
Quantization width is 0.00312 μm for every height direction data
To load it into an external storage device. Such measurement is continuously performed at 2 μm intervals in the lateral direction of the film for 150 times.
Turns, that is, over a width of 0.3 mm in the lateral direction of the film. When the data in the height direction at this time is h (i, j) [i = 1 to 500, j = 1 to 150], the data obtained by performing the calculation of the following equation is expressed in μm. Is TAR [three dimensional
Average roughness]. _{TAR = (1/75000) Σ 1 Σ} 2 Δh (i, j) Δh (i, j) = | h (i, j) - (1/75000) Σ 1 Σ 2 h (i, j) | ( but , Σ ₁ has i of ₁ to 500, and Σ ₂ has j of 1 to 15
0) The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.005 to 0.036 μm.

(63) Surface Roughness of Rough Surface The center line average roughness Ra (μm) was defined as the surface roughness.
Using a surface roughness measuring instrument (SE-3F) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., a portion having a reference length L (2.5 mm) is extracted from the film cross-section curve in the direction of the center line, and the center line of this extracted portion is extracted. Is the X-axis and the vertical magnification direction is the Y-axis.
= F (x), the value given by
The center line average roughness is represented by the average value of the center line average roughness of the extracted portion obtained from these 10 section curves obtained from the surface of the sample film. The tip radius of the stylus was 2 μm, the load was 30 mg, and the cutoff value was 0.08 mm. Ra = (1 / L) ∫ | f (x) | dx (where ∫ is from 0 to L) Note that this parameter is set when the roughness of the front and back is intentionally changed. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 6 to 25 nm.

(64) Surface waviness (Wca) Surface roughness / shape measuring machine (manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.) "Cercom 15
00A machine ", cutoff value 0.500-0.0
It was set to 50 mm and measured in the width direction of the tape to obtain the value. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.03 or less.

(65) Smoothness: The height from the base to the top of the protrusion was measured with a thin-film step meter ET-10 manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., with a stylus tip radius of 0.5 μm and a stylus load of 1 g. It was judged by The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is such that the height to the apex is 1.5 μm or less.

(66) Center Line Average Roughness of Smooth Surface and Rough Surface The center line average roughness Ra (μm) was defined as the surface roughness.
Using a surface roughness measuring instrument (SE-3F) manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd., a portion having a reference length L (2.5 mm) is extracted from the film cross-section curve in the direction of the center line, and the center line of this extracted portion is extracted. Is the X-axis and the vertical magnification direction is the Y-axis.
= F (x), the value given by
The center line average roughness is represented by the average value of the center line average roughness of the extracted portion obtained from these 10 section curves obtained from the surface of the sample film. The tip radius of the stylus was 2 μm, the load was 30 mg, and the cutoff value was 0.08 mm. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is such that the smooth surface is 0.6 to 15 n.
m, the rough surface is 6 to 25 nm.

(67) SRz, SΔa, Sλa SRz, SΔa, and Sλa are 10-point average roughness (μm), average inclination gradient, average wavelength (μm), and P · C are areas 0 in three-dimensional surface roughness measurement, respectively. Represents the number of protrusions at 12 mm ² . SRz, SΔa, and Sλa were measured with a three-dimensional surface roughness meter manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd. For the PC, take a picture of the polyester film vapor-deposited with aluminum using a Nikon differential interference microscope at a final magnification of 160 times, trace the projections on the transparent film, and use a Nireco image analyzer to make a polyester film 0.12 mm.
^This is a numerical value obtained by performing image processing on the area corresponding to ² and calculating the number of protrusions corresponding to a circle. SRz and SΔa ・ PC / Sλ
Let a be the evaluation target. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is SRz of 0.01 to 0.5 and SΔa.
-PC / Sλa is 0.03 to 30,000.

(68) Ra-Ra ₀ Ra ₀ is the average surface roughness (μm) of the base film, Ra
Is the surface average roughness (μm) of the coating layer. Here, the average surface roughness is measured according to JIS-S0601. That is, a probe type roughness meter (SURFC manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.)
OM 3B), needle radius 2 μm, load 0.07
Under the condition of g, write a film surface roughness curve on the chart, and from the obtained film surface roughness curve, extract a portion of the measurement length L in the direction of the center line, and use the center line of this extracted portion as the X axis. , The vertical direction is the Y axis, and the roughness curve y
= F (x), the value given by the following equation is (R
a: μm) is defined as the average surface roughness of the film. Ra = (1 / L) ∫ | f (x) | dx (where, ∫ is from 0 to L) In the present invention, the reference length is 0.25 mm, and 8 pieces are measured.
Ra is expressed as an average value of 5 values obtained by removing 3 values from the highest value. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that Ra-Ra _{0 on the} base surface is 0.1 μm or less.

(69) Thermal Shrinkage (No. 1) Heat shrinkage was performed in an atmosphere of 100 ° C. for 30 minutes in a non-tensile state, and the lengths of the samples before and after the heat treatment were measured and calculated by the following formula. Thermal shrinkage (%) = [(sample length before heat treatment-sample length after heat treatment) / sample length before heat treatment] × 100
(%) The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 5
% Or less.

(70) Thermal shrinkage (part 2) The film is 50 cm (l ₀ ) in lengthwise direction and 15 m in width.
The film was cut into m pieces and heat-treated in an oven at a temperature of 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, the length (1) of the film was measured, and the shrinkage rate was calculated from the following formula. Heat shrinkage = [(l ₀ −l) / l ₀ ] × 100 (%) The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1
It is 0% or less. The preferable range of the heat shrinkage ratio at 120 ° C. for 5 hours is 10% or less. The preferable range of the heat shrinkage rate at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes is 7% or less.

(71) Heat Shrinkage (Part 3) The heat shrinkage after storage for 30 minutes at 100 ° C. was measured.
The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 5
% Or less.

(72) Thermal Shrinkage (Part 4) Strip-shaped test pieces each having a width of 10 mm and a length of 100 mm were cut out in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the film, and were cut at 150 ° C. and 10 ° C., respectively.
It was left in a tension-free state in a gear oven maintained at 5 ° C., taken out after 30 minutes, and calculated from the sample length before and after the treatment. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the transverse heat shrinkage at 105 ° C. is 5% or less, 1
The heat shrinkage in the longitudinal and transverse directions at 50 ° C is 1 each
It is 0% or less.

(73) Heat Shrinkage (No. 5) The base film was cut into strips having a width of 10 mm and a length of 600 mm, and marked points at intervals of 500 mm were attached. This sample was treated in a gear oven at 100 ° C. for 1 hour under no tension and then cooled to room temperature. The heat shrinkage ratio was calculated from the dimensional change before and after the heat treatment. Dimension measurement is MITUTOY
O Dimensional Measuring System (PROFILE PROJE
CTOR MODELPJ321F) was used. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 100.
The heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of the film at 7 ° C. for 1 hour is 7% or less, and when the film is made of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), the heat shrinkage is 0.3% or less.

(74) Thermal Shrinkage (Part 6) First, the length of the sample was measured, and then the sample was left in a constant temperature air chamber kept at 70 ° C. for 1 hour in a tension-free state for heat treatment. Perform and measure the length after cooling at room temperature. Then, the heat shrinkage rate is obtained from each length before and after the heat treatment. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction of the film is 3% or less.

(75) Maximum thermal stress A sample to be measured which had a size of 50 mm (length) × 4 mm (width) and whose longitudinal direction coincided with the longitudinal direction of the film was taken by Vacuum Riko Co., Ltd. ) Made TMA-3
With the 000 type thermomechanical tester, in its stress detection mode, the thermal stress curve was measured at a temperature rising rate of 4 ° C./min from room temperature, and the maximum thermal stress reached at 150 to 220 ° C. (kg / m
m ² ) is calculated. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.2 to ² kg / mm ² .

(76) Residual Shrinkage Rate Thermomechanical tester “Type TM-300” manufactured by Vacuum Riko Co., Ltd.
0 "is used to hold both ends of a predetermined test piece with a chuck, and under a predetermined load, at a temperature rising rate of 2 ° C / min from 25 ° C to 40 ° C.
Up to 25 ℃
Return to. The dimensional change before and after the temperature treatment is read from the chart, and the residual shrinkage rate is calculated by the following formula. In addition, it measures about 5 samples and displays as an average value as an absolute value. Residual shrinkage rate (%) = [[(original length)-(length after treatment)] /
(Original length)] × 100 However, test piece length (between chucks): 15.0 mm Test piece width: 3.8 mm Load: 400 g / mm ² , 900
g / mm ² . The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 0.01%.

(77) Heat absorption parameter C The specific gravity of the film is A, and the infrared absorption intensity at 975 cm ^-1 /
When the infrared absorption intensity at 795 cm ⁻¹ is B, it is represented by the formula C = 43.4A−B. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 50 or more, more preferably 56.5 or more. However, F ₅ value, using Toyo Baldwin Co. Tensilon UTM-II-500 type, 23 ° C., 65% RH
It was measured under the conditions of. The F ₅ value here means the stress per unit cross-sectional area when the sample is stretched by 5% when a tensile test is performed. F ₅ value in the longitudinal direction 15 of the film to be measured
0 mm, width direction (direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) 10 mm
Is a value obtained by conducting a tensile test at a tensile rate of 1.00% / min, with the chuck being cut to a rectangular shape of 100 mm. The specific gravity was measured under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 65% RH using a density gradient tube using a mixed solution of n-heptane and carbon tetrachloride, and this was used as the specific gravity. 975 cm ^-1 and 795 cm ^-1
Infrared absorption peak intensity ratio is measured by the method of Schmidt (Journal of Polymer Sci).
ence, Part A, 1.11271 (196
3)) was followed. 983 made by PERKIN ELMER
With a mold infrared spectrometer, the absorption height (I ₉₇₅₎ of 975cm ^-1, determined each absorption intensity of 795cm ^-1 (I _795), and the intensity ratio I ₉₇₅ / I _795.

(78) Heat Shrinkage Rate at 70 ° C. A specimen having a width of 4 mm and a length of 50 mm was cut out in the longitudinal direction of the film, and a constant load (9.4 g) was applied by a TM-3000 thermal tester manufactured by Vacuum Riko Co., Ltd. ) Under the conditions of 70 ° C., the thermal deformation curve was measured, and after the sample atmosphere reached 70 ° C. (requiring about 30 minutes), the amount of shrinkage that occurred over 1 hour was used as the thermal shrinkage rate. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5% or less.

(79) Heat Treatment Surface Temperature In the film of the present invention, the preferable heat treatment surface temperature is 1
It is 80-220 degreeC.

(80) Degree of plane orientation (ΔP) Using an Abbe refractometer manufactured by Atago Optical Co., Ltd., the maximum value nγ of the refractive index in the film plane and the refractive index nβ in the direction perpendicular thereto,
Also, the refractive index nα of the film in the thickness direction was measured, and the plane orientation degree was calculated from the following equation. The measurement of the refractive index was performed at 23 ° C. using sodium D line. Degree of plane orientation (ΔP) = [(nγ + nβ) / 2] −nα The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the degree of plane orientation of the base surface (B surface) is 0.1 to 0.2. When the film is composed of polyethylene + phthalate (PEN), the preferred plane orientation degree is 0.255 to 0.28.

(81) Contact Angle of Water on Film Surface In the film of the present invention, the preferred contact angle of water is 60 to 60.
It is 90 degrees.

(82) Slip coefficient Two contradictory surfaces of two samples whose humidity was adjusted in a room at 20 ° C. and 65% RH for 24 hours were overlapped, and a load of 200 g was placed on the two surfaces. The resistance value was read by moving the sample at a speed of 150 mm / min, and the calculated resistance value (g) / 200 g was shown. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.85 or less.

(83) Sliding property The friction coefficient was measured according to the method of ASTM D1894-63 and used as a measure of the slidability. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 3 or less.

(84) Sliding property of film The film is wound around a fixed hard chrome-plated metal roll (diameter 6 mm) and brought into contact at an angle of 135 ° (θ).
A load of 3 g (T ₂ ) is applied to one end, and it is run at a speed of 1 m / min. The resistance force (T ₁ (g)) at the other end is measured. The friction coefficient (μd) during running is calculated by the following formula. I asked. μd = [180 / (πθ) ] ln (T 1 / T 2) = 0.424ln (T 1/53) the preferred range of the present invention the film in this assay is 0.35 or less.

(85) Coefficient of static friction (μs) A fixed glass is placed under the two laminated films, and the film under the laminated films (the film in contact with the glass plate) is rolled at a constant speed. At (10 cm / min), the detector is fixed to one end of the upper film (the end opposite to the lower film take-up direction), and the tensile force (F) between the films is detected. The thread used at that time has a lower area of 50 cm ² (80 mm
X 62.5 mm) and the surface in contact with the film is 80 °
And the weight (P) is 400 g or 800 g. The static friction coefficient is calculated by the following formula. μS = F (g) / P (g) The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is
The ratio of the value at a load of 800 g / the value at a load of 400 g is 0.2 to 3.

(86) Travelability (No. 1) A film was wound around a fixed hard chrome-plated metal pin (diameter 6 mm) at a winding angle of 135 °, and 53 g was attached to one end.
The load was applied to run at a speed of 1 m / min, the resistance at the other end was measured, and the coefficient of friction of the film was determined by Euler's equation, and used as a measure of runnability. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.05 to 0.5.

(87) Travelability (No. 2) Two films cut into a width of 15 mm and a length of 150 mm were stacked on a smooth glass plate, and a rubber plate was placed on the films, and the two films were brought into contact with each other. 20m as 2g / cm ²
Measure the frictional force by sliding the films at m / min.
The coefficient of friction at the point of sliding by 5 mm was determined as the coefficient of dynamic friction. The measurement was performed at a temperature of 23 ° C ± 1 ° C and a humidity of 50% ± 5
% Under an atmosphere. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.2 to 3.

(88) Coefficient of running friction of film (No. 1) In an environment of temperature 20 ° C. and humidity 60%, a film cut into a width of 1/2 inch was attached to a fixed rod made of stainless steel SUS304 at an angle θ = (152 / 181) π radian (152 °)
And make it move (rubbing) at a speed of 200 cm per minute. When the tension controller is adjusted so that the inlet tension T ₁ is 40g, the outlet tension (T
₂ : g) is detected by the exit tension detector after the film has run 90 m, and the running friction coefficient (μ _K ) is calculated by the following formula. _{μ K = (2.303 / θ)} log (T 2 / T 1) = 0.868log (T 2/40) The preferred range of the present invention the film in this assay is 0.2 to 0.5.

(89) Coefficient of running friction of film (2) The film was cut into 1/2 inch width in an environment of temperature 20 ° C. and humidity 60%, and the film was fixed rod made of stainless steel SUS304 (outer diameter 5 mmφ, surface roughness). (Ra = 0.02 μm) at an angle θ = (152/181) π radian (152 °) and moved (rubbed) at a speed of 200 cm per minute.
When the tension controller is adjusted so that the inlet tension T ₁ is 35 g, the outlet tension (T ₂ :
g) is detected by the exit tension detector after the film has run 90 m, and the running friction coefficient μ _K is calculated by the following formula. _{μ K = (2.303 / θ)} log (T 2 / T 1) = 0.868log (T 2/35) The preferred range of the present invention the film in this assay is 0.35 or less.

(90) Change in running friction coefficient of film (Δμk) Using the apparatus for measuring running friction coefficient in (89) above,
The moving speed of the film is set to 2 m / min, and the film of 10 m length is repeatedly run 50 times. Δμk is calculated by the following equation, where the _first friction coefficient is μk ₁ and the 50th friction coefficient is μk ₅₀ . Δμk = μk ₅₀ −μk ₁ The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.2 or less.

(91) Dynamic Friction Coefficient of Film (1) According to ASTM-D-1894-63T,
It was measured under the conditions of 23 ° C., 65% RH, and a pulling speed of 200 m / min. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.32 to 0.45.

(92) Dynamic Friction Coefficient of Film (Part 2) According to ASTM-D-1894, it was measured by a surface property measuring instrument TYPE: HEIDON-14D manufactured by Shinto Scientific Co., Ltd. The surface dimension of the thread is 30 × 30 mm and the friction surface is 900 mm ² . The total load is 1000 g. Generally, a film having a lower value has better slipperiness and is easier to handle. However, the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient in this case were expressed as μs and μk, respectively. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is a coefficient of dynamic friction of 0.
It is 3 or less.

(93) Coefficient of dynamic friction with metal pin (μd) The film was brought into contact with a fixed hard chrome-plated metal roll (diameter 6 mm) at a winding angle of 135 ° (θ), and 53
A load of g (T ₂ ) is applied to one end, the load is run at a speed of 1 m / min, the resistance (T ₁ (g)) at the other end is measured, and the friction coefficient (μd) during running is calculated by the following formula. It was μd = (1 / θ) ln (T 1 / T 2) = 0.424ln (T 1/53) the preferred range of the present invention the film in this assay is 0.05 to 0.5.

(94) Running friction coefficient (μk) A film made by cutting the film into 1/2 inch width in an environment of temperature 20 ° C. and humidity 60% has a fixed rod made of stainless steel SUS304 (outer diameter 5 mmφ, surface roughness 0. 3 μm) angle θ = (1
52/181) contact with π radians (152 °),
It is moved (rubbed) at a speed of 200 cm per minute. Outlet tension when the inlet tension T ₁ is to adjust the tension controller to a 35 g: a (T ₂ g) was detected with the outlet tension detector on after the film has traveled 90m, calculate the traveling friction coefficient μk by: To do. μk = (2.303 / θ) log (T 2 / T 1) = 0.868log (T 2/35) The preferred range of the present invention the film in this assay is 0.2 to 0.45.

(95) The coefficient of friction (μk) μk of the film with respect to the metal is measured according to the method described in paragraph 3 of page 11 of European Patent Application No. 066,997.
It was conducted under the following conditions. Diameter of fixed roller: 10 mm Tape width: 2.5 cm Moving speed: 5 m / min Tape tension: 200 g Time: 20 min Temperature: 25 ° C. Relative humidity: 35% Contact area: 5 cm ² Wrapping angle to the roller: 205 ° In this measurement method The preferred range of the film of the present invention is 0.3 or less.

(96) Coefficient of Friction (against metal pin) A film having a width of 1.0 mm and having a back surface treatment layer was prepared to have a diameter of 4 m
It is brought into contact with a metal fixing pin of m at a winding angle of 90 degrees, a load of 21.9 g of weight is applied to one end, and a speed of 330 mm.
I ran at a speed of / minute. The film was wound for 20 seconds and then unwound for 20 seconds, and the dynamic friction coefficient after 50 strokes of one travel for 40 seconds was taken as the friction coefficient. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.
It is 1 to 0.4.

(97) Ratio of Thickness of Layer on Magnetic Layer Side to Thickness of Magnetic Layer When the film of the present invention is used as a magnetic recording medium, the thickness t _B of the layer on the magnetic layer side and the thickness t of the magnetic layer are set. the ratio t _B / t _M with _M is preferably in the range of 0.0002 to 30.

(98) Thickness of Outermost Layer Using a secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS), the concentration ratio of the element originating from the highest concentration of particles in the film and the carbon element of polyester (M ⁺ / C ⁺ ) is used as the particle concentration, and analysis is performed in the depth (thickness) direction from the surface of the polyester A layer. In the surface layer, the particle concentration is low due to the interface of the surface, and the particle concentration increases as the distance from the surface increases. In the case of the film of the present invention, the particle concentration once reaching the maximum value at the depth [I] starts to decrease again. Based on this concentration distribution curve, the depth that becomes 1/2 of the maximum particle concentration [II]
(Here, II> I) was defined as the laminated thickness. If the particles contained in the film most are organic polymer particles, it is difficult to measure by SIMS, so XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), IR (infrared spectroscopy) or confocal microscope is used while etching from the surface. It is also possible to measure the depth profile of the particle concentration with a method such as the above, and to obtain the laminated thickness from the same method as above. Further, it can be obtained by observing the cross section of the film or by a thin film step measuring instrument, etc., not from the depth profile described above. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the thickness of the outermost layer is 0.001 μm or more, and the ratio of the thickness to the average particle diameter of the particles contained in the layer is 0.01 to 100.

(99) Thickness of outermost layer laminated portion and particle diameter of contained particles Outermost layer laminated portion thickness t and particle diameter d of particles contained in the layer
the ratio t / d _p of the _p further preferably from 0.1 to 15.

(100) Thickness of Other Layer and Particle Size of Contained Particles Ratio t between thickness t of another layer B layer or further another layer C layer and particle size d _p of particles contained in that layer. / D _p is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 30, respectively.

(101) Outermost Layer Laminated Thickness Ratio The ratio t ₁ / t ₂ between the laminated thickness t ₁ on _one surface of the outermost layer laminated portion and the laminated thickness t ₂ of the other outermost layer laminated portion is 0. 01-
A range of 10 is preferred.

(102) Lamination ratio The ratio of the laminated layer A layer to the total film thickness is 1 to 20%.
It is preferably in the range of.

(103) Film Thickness and Layer Thickness The film cross section was cut, and the thickness of the layer (for example, A layer) constituting the rough surface was measured from the photograph of the cross section. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the ratio of the thickness of the above layer to the total thickness of the film is 30% or less.

(104) Young's Modulus (1) The Young's modulus of the film of the present invention is preferably 450 kg / mm ² or more in both the stretching direction and the direction perpendicular thereto.

(105) Young's modulus (No. 2) The film was cut into a sample width of 10 mm and a length of 15 cm, the chuck gap was set to 100 mm, the pulling speed was 10 mm / min, and the chart speed was 500 mm / min. I pulled it at. Young's modulus was calculated from the tangent line of the rising portion of the obtained load-elongation curve. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film is 650 kg / mm ² or more, and the Young's modulus in the width direction is 550 kg / mm ² or more.

(106) Sum and difference of Young's moduli Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction of the film (Y _M ) and Young's modulus in the width direction of the film (Y _T ) are measured by the same measuring method as in the above (105).
The sum of (Y _M + Y _T) and to determine the difference (Y _M -Y _T). The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is such that the above sum is 2000 kg / mm ² or less and the above difference is -600 to 6
It is 00 kg / mm ² .

(107) Young's modulus difference Intesco Model 200 tensile tester manufactured by Intesco Corporation
Using a type 1 sample, a sample film having a length of 300 mm and a width of 20 mm was pulled at a strain rate of 10% / min in a room adjusted to a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH, and the initial stress-strain curve was measured. Using the linear part, Young's modulus is calculated by the following formula. E = Δσ / Δε where E = tensile modulus (kg / mm ² ) Δσ = stress difference due to the original average cross-sectional area of two points on a straight line Δε = strain difference between the same two points The preferred range of the film is
The difference of the film longitudinal Young's modulus (Y _M) and the film width direction of the Young's modulus and _{(Y T) (Y M -Y} T) is -600～6
It is 00 kg / mm ² .

(108) Young's Modulus Ratio In the film of the present invention, the ratio Y of the Young's modulus in the film longitudinal direction (Y _M ) and the Young's modulus in the film width direction (Y _T ).
It is preferred _{that M} / Y _T is in the range of 0.3 to 3.

(109) Residual strain rate Thermo-mechanical testing machine "Type TH-300" manufactured by Vacuum Riko Co., Ltd.
0 ”is used to hold both ends of a predetermined test piece with a chuck, and under a predetermined load, at a temperature rising rate of 2 ° C. per minute from 25 ° C. to 40 ° C.
The temperature was raised to ℃, kept for 1 hour and then allowed to cool to 25
Return to ℃. The dimensional change before and after the temperature treatment is read from the chart, and the residual strain rate is calculated by the following formula. In addition, it measures about 5 samples and displays as an average value as an absolute value. Residual strain rate (%) = [((original length)-(length after treatment)) /
Original length] × 100 However, test piece length (between chucks): 15.0 mm Test piece width: 3.8 mm Load: 400 g / mm ² , 900
g / mm ² . The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.01 to 0.04%.

(110) Shrinkage stress and shrinkage starting temperature Intesco Model 200 tensile tester manufactured by Intesco Co., Ltd.
Measurement was performed under the following conditions with a type 1 constant temperature and humidity chamber, and the actual load was divided by the cross-sectional area to give the shrinkage stress. Measurement temperature range: room temperature to 250 ° C. Temperature rising rate: 4 ° C./min Sample size: length 200 mm × width 10 mm Measured in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction by the above method, and the temperature of the contraction stress in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, respectively. Dependency was calculated and the temperature at which the contraction stress rises was defined as the contraction start temperature. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that the shrinkage stress is 100 g / mm ² or less and the shrinkage initiation temperature is 80 ° C. or more.

(111) Breaking Strength (1) Tensilon UTM-II-50 manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd.
It was measured under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 65% RH using a 0 type. The breaking strength referred to here is the value of the stress at the time of breaking the sample when the tensile test is performed divided by the cross-sectional area of the sample before the test,
It means the value of stress per unit area. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 20 to 50.

(112) Breaking Strength (Part 2) Intesco Model 200 Tensile Testing Machine manufactured by Intesco Co., Ltd.
A sample film having a length of 50 mm and a width of 15 mm was pulled at a speed of 200 mm / min in a room adjusted to a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH using the type 1 mold, and the following values were obtained according to the following formulas. Tensile breaking strength σ = F / A σ = Tensile breaking strength (kg / mm ² ) F = Load at break (kg) A = Original cross-sectional area of test piece (mm ² ) of the film of the present invention in this measuring method The preferred range is
The sum of the breaking strength in the longitudinal and width directions is 50-80 kg /
mm ² .

(113) 10 in 150 ° C. atmosphere
Film strength at 0% elongation F ₁₀₀ (kg / mm ² ) Intesco 20 tensile tester with constant temperature chamber Intesco 20
A 01-type constant temperature bath was set at 150 ° C., a film having a width of 15 mm was set so that the gap between chucks was 50 mm, and the film was allowed to stand for 2 minutes. Then, the strength at 100% elongation was measured at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min. The measurement was carried out in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the film, and the average value was defined as F ₁₀₀ . 10
The film that ruptured before 0% elongation was converted according to the following formula. Strength at 100% elongation (kg / mm ² ) = strength at break (k
g / mm ² ) × (100 / elongation at break (%)) The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1
~ 5 kg / mm ² .

(114) F ₅ value (1) Tensilon UTM-II-50 manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd.
It was measured under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 65% RH using a 0 type. The F ₅ value here means the stress per unit cross-sectional area when the sample is stretched by 5% when a tensile test is performed. F ₅ value, cut the film to measure longitudinal 150 mm, the rectangular width direction (longitudinal direction and direction forms a vertical) 10 mm, tension rate 1.00% as between chucks 100 mm /
It is a value obtained by conducting a tensile experiment in minutes. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 10 kg / mm ² or more.

(115) F ₅ value (2) Expressed as stress at 5% elongation, the measurement was carried out using an Instron tensile tester. From the biaxially stretched film, five sample pieces having a length of 150 mm in the longitudinal direction of the film and a length of 6.25 mm in the width direction were cut out, and a pulling speed was 50 mm / min.
A tensile test was conducted at a gripping interval and a gauge interval of 50 mm. The load at 5% elongation was read from the obtained S-S curve, the F ₅ value was calculated according to the following equation, and the average value of 5 points was obtained. F ₅ = load (kg) at 5% elongation / cross-sectional area of test piece (mm
² ) The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1
It is 0 kg / mm ² or more.

(116) Average Refractive Index n After Longitudinal Stretching Using an Abbe refractometer manufactured by Atago Optical Co., the maximum refractive index nγ in the film plane and the refractive index nβ in the direction perpendicular thereto,
Also, the refractive index nα of the film in the thickness direction was measured, and the average refractive index was calculated from the following equation. The measurement of the refractive index was performed at 23 ° C. using sodium D line. n = (1/3) (nα + nβ + nγ) The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1.6 to 1.7.

(117) Refractive index and average refractive index in the thickness direction of the film: These are values for sodium D line measured at 23 ° C. using an Abbe refractometer. The average refractive index n is n = (1/3) (nα + nβ + nγ) in this measurement method, where nα is the refractive index in the thickness direction, nγ is the refractive index in the main alignment direction, and nβ is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the main alignment direction. The preferred range of the film of the present invention is
The refractive index in the thickness direction is 0.1475 to 0.15, and the average refractive index is 1.6015 to 1.605.

(118) Birefringence Index The refraction index of the film was measured using an Abbe refractometer manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd., and a sodium lamp was used as a light source. The refractive index n _{MD in} the longitudinal direction of the film, the refractive index n _{TD in} the width direction, and the refractive index n _Z in the thickness direction were obtained, and the birefringence Δn was obtained based on the following equation. Δn = n _MD −n _TD The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is −
50 to 50.

(119) Average crystal grain size X ₁₀₀ (Å) Half-width was calculated from the following formula using an X-ray diffractometer for the [100] plane. X ₁₀₀ (Å) = (0.9 × λ) / (B cos θ) where θ = 25.7 °, λ = 2.2896 (Å), B = half width (radian) 2θ = 33 ° and 2θ A straight line connecting points showing a scattering intensity of = 19 ° was used as a baseline. The average crystal grain size X ₁₀₀ (Å) indicates the crystal size in the film thickness direction. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 45 to 58Å.

(120) Adhesion (Concentration of metal sulfonate-containing dicarboxylic acid) In order to evaluate the adhesiveness, the concentration of the metal sulfonate-containing dicarboxylic acid relative to all dicarboxylic acid components was measured. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5 to 15 mol%.

(121) Glass transition temperature (Tg) of primer layer When the film of the present invention is used as a base film for a magnetic tape and a primer layer is provided to improve the adhesiveness of the magnetic layer, the primer layer (for example, Tg of ester / acrylic copolymer) was measured. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 10 ° C. or higher.

(122) Antistatic property (charge voltage half-life) A static Honest meter manufactured by Shishido Shokai was used.
The half-life of the charged voltage at 65 ° C, 65% RH, 40% RH and 30% RH is shown. The applied voltage is 10 KV
It was carried out from a distance of 15 mm above the sample. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 3 to 7 seconds.

(123) Charge Attenuation Property Using a static Honest meter (trade name) manufactured by Shishido Shokai, a voltage of 10 KV was applied to a discharge electrode 2 cm above the sample in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 50% RH. , Charge the film and stop the discharge after the charge amount is saturated. After that, the charge decay property of the sample was measured with an electrometer located 2 cm above the sample, and the half-life was used for the determination. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 to 20 seconds.

(124) Surface resistivity Inner electrode of Yokogawa / Hewlett-Packard Company 50 mm
Diameter, outer electrode 70mm diameter 1600 which is a concentric circular electrode
8A (trade name) was placed on the sample in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 50% RH, a voltage of 100 V was applied, and the surface resistivity of the sample was measured by 4329A (trade name), a high resistance meter of the same company. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1.00 × 10 to 1.00 × 10 ¹² .

(125) Surface Specific Resistance (Surface Specific Resistance) The sample was placed under an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 50% RH for 24 hours.
After standing, it was measured with a vibration capacitance type potentiometer TR-84H type (manufactured by Takeda Riken). The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ^16.
Ω / □.

(126) Coating weight after stretching The weight of five sheet-shaped sample pieces made of coated polyester (20 × 20 cm) was measured, and then the coating resin on the surface of each sample piece was wiped off cleanly with a solvent. Then, the solvent is volatilized and removed, the weight is measured again, and the difference in weight before and after the wiping is taken as the coating weight. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.005 to 0.2 g / m ² .

(127) Intrinsic Viscosity 1 g of polymer chip or film was mixed with 100 ml of phenol / tetrachloroethane (50/50 weight ratio) mixed solvent.
And was measured at 30.0 ° C. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.4 to 1 poise.

(128) Intrinsic viscosity [η] A value measured at 35 ° C. using o-chlorophenol as a solvent, the unit is 100 cc / g. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5 to 1.

(129) Density ρ The preferable range of the density ρ in the film of the present invention is 0.5.
Is a ~2g / cm ^3.

(130) Infrared Absorbance A value C obtained from the intensity ratio A and the specific gravity B of the infrared absorption peaks of the film at 975 cm ^-1 and 795 cm ^{-1 by} the following formula.
To evaluate. C = (35.3 · B-47.1) / A The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.51 or more. However, 975 cm ^-1 and 795c
The intensity ratio of the infrared absorption peak of m ^-1 was measured by Schald.
Method of t (Journal of Polymer S
science, Part A. 1.11271 (19
3)) was followed. 983 made by PERKIN ELMER
Absorption intensity A at 975 cm ^-1 by using infrared infrared spectrometer
The absorption intensities A ₇₉₅ at ₉₇₅ and ₇₉₅ cm ^-1 were obtained, and A
_The strength ratio was ₉₇₅ / A ₇₉₅ .

(131) n Value in Rosin-Rammler Diagram In the film of the present invention, Rosin-Rammler (Ros)
The n value in the (in-Rammler) diagram is preferably 1 or more.

(132) Fluorescence Intensity to Ultraviolet Rays Fluorescence intensity to ultraviolet rays of 360 nm was measured by the following method using a Hitachi fluorescence spectrophotometer (MPF-2A type). (A) The obtained polyester is molded into a plate and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 360 nm to measure the fluorescence spectrum. Then, the area (A ₁ ) of the portion between the fluorescence intensity curve of 380 to 600 nm and the baseline on the measurement chart paper
Ask for. (B) Using an aluminum plate as a standard, in the same manner as in (a), the area (A ₂ ) of the portion sandwiched between the fluorescence intensity curve of 380 to 600 nm and the baseline of the measurement chart paper is obtained. (C) Using A ₁ and A ₂ obtained in (a) and (b), the fluorescence intensity is calculated by the following formula. Fluorescence intensity = A ₁ / A ₂ The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.1 to 1.0.

(133) Amount of Oligomer The film was made into strips of about 5 mm × 3 cm, extracted with chloroform using a Soxhlet extractor for 24 hours, and the weight of the obtained oligomer with respect to the original film was calculated. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.
It is 1 to 3% by weight.

(134) Haze According to JIS-K674, the film haze is determined by an integrating sphere type HTR meter. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.5 to 20.

(135) Observation of Voids in Film The ratio of the void area around the inactive particles observed on the film surface with a polarizing microscope to the total visual field was quantified by an image processing apparatus and shown in%. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.25% or less.

(136) Void ratio A sample film piece was fixed on a sample stage for a scanning electron microscope, and a sputtering device (JFC-1) manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used.
The surface of the film is subjected to ion etching treatment under the following conditions using a 100 type ion puttering device). The sample stage is installed in the venger, the vacuum degree is raised to a vacuum state of about 10 ^-3 Torr, the voltage is 0.25 kV, and the current is 1
Ion etching is performed at 2.5 mA for about 10 minutes. Further, gold sputtering is applied to the film surface by the same apparatus to form a gold thin film layer of about 200 Å, and the measurement is performed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 10,000 to 30,000 times, for example. The voids are measured only with a lubricant having a particle size of 0.2 μm or more. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1.1 to 2.

(137) Tape pull-out coefficient F A tape having a 3/20 inch micro slit formed by using a shear type slitter (RT type manufactured by Nishimura Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was wound at a winding speed of 10 m / It is wound on a pancake (rolling width 5 cm) under the condition that the winding tension is 30 g. The pancake is set vertically, the hub (core) is fixed, the tape is laid vertically from the outermost layer of the pancake, the tape end is fixed to the load cell, and the load cell is moved vertically at a speed of 2 mm / sec. And pull out the tape. When the tension of the load cell suddenly increases, stop the load cell, read the average tension (g / tape width) from the chart as the pull-out tension, and measure the tape pull-out length of the tape. The tape pull-out coefficient (F) is taken as the average value of the measured values of N = 5. F = [Average tension when the tape is pulled out (g / tape width (m
m) / pulled out tape length (mm)] × 100 The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 3
~ 15.

(138) Coating strength This is a parameter when a coating layer is provided on the film,
HEIDON-14, a surface quality measuring instrument manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.
(Trade name) was used, a load was applied to a sapphire needle having a diameter of 0.25 mm, and the scratch rate was measured at 100 mm / min. The load at which the coating layer was peeled off from the polyester film of the substrate was judged from the microscopic surface photograph of the film after the scratch test. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 40 to 100 g.

(139) Peak number of small-angle light scattering An ordinary small-angle light scattering measuring device was used (for example, T. Ha.
shimoto, S.M. Ebisu, N .; Inab
a. Kawai, Polym. J. , 13, 7
01 (1981)). A He-Ne gas laser (wavelength: 6328Å, output: 24 mW) was used as a light source. A film was placed between the polarizer and the analyzer, and the optical axis direction of the film and the polarization direction were matched. In the pattern (Hv pattern) obtained when the polarization direction of the polarizer is set to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the analyzer, scattered light is 2
The distribution of the scattering intensity in the circumferential direction was measured at the position of °. In the obtained scattering intensity distribution, peaks having a height of 10% or more of the maximum peak height were recognized as peaks, and the number thereof was defined as the number of peaks in the scattering intensity distribution. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 4 or less.

(140) Thickness unevenness The film thickness was measured along the machine direction of the biaxially stretched film with a continuous film thickness measuring device (using an electronic micrometer) manufactured by Anritsu Electric Co., and calculated from the following formula (for a length of 5 m). did. Thickness variation = [(maximum film thickness-minimum film thickness) /
Film average thickness] × 100 The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.
˜5% (film thickness 14 to 20 μm).

(141) Planarity of Film The film thickness is measured at 10 points every 1000 cm in the vertical direction, 10 points at every 10 cm in the horizontal direction, for a total of 100 points. The film thickness is measured by using an electronic micrometer manufactured by Anritsu Electronics Co., Ltd., and 10 films around the pertinent place are overlaid and measured, and converted into 1 film. Of all the measured values, when the maximum value is Xmax, the minimum value is Xmin, and the arithmetic mean value is Xave, (Xmax-X
min) / Xave is the film thickness unevenness, and the smaller this value is, the more preferable. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.15 or less.

(142) Flame Retardancy UL94 VTM rank was judged according to the vertical flammability test method of UL94 vertical flammability test standard for plastic materials issued by Underwriter Laboratories. Also, JISK
The limit oxygen concentration (LO
I) was measured. The content of the antimony compound and the content of the imide compound for imparting this flame retardancy were measured. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is an antimony compound content of 1 to 20% by weight and an imide compound content of 1 to 20% by weight.

(143) Addition Amount of Organic Filler In the film of the present invention, the addition amount of the organic filler is preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight.

(144) Organic Nitrogen Organic nitrogen is a bonded nitrogen identified by the ESCA method and is represented by an amide group, an amino group and an imino group. This nitrogen has a binding energy of 1 _S orbital (N _1S ) spectrum measured by the ESCA method of 398.1 to 4
It has a peak in the range of 01.1 eV. However, the main peak of C _{1 S} of polyester (corresponding to the carbon of the benzene ring) is 285.0 eV. The concentration of organic nitrogen is the number per 100 carbon atoms of the polyester polymer, or the ratio of the number of nitrogen to carbon (N /
C ratio). The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0 or more.

(145) Specific Resistance upon Melting British British Journal of Applied Physics (Brit. J. Appl. Phya) Vol. 17, No. 1
The method described in pages 149 to 1154 (1966). However, in this case, the melting temperature of the polymer is 295 ° C., and the value immediately after applying a direct current of 1,000 V is the specific resistance at the time of melting. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 1.0 × 10 ^{7 to} 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰ .

(146) Cooling process Crystallization temperature It was measured by DSC IB manufactured by Perkin Elmer. 5-
7 mg of sample was heated up to 300 ° C at 16 ° C / min,
After standing at 300 ° C. for 5 minutes, the temperature was lowered at 16 ° C./min, and the crystallization peak temperature at that time was taken as the value. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 180 to 21.
It is 0 ° C.

(147) Total Reflection Raman Crystallization Index The total reflection Raman spectrum was measured and the half-value width of 1730 cm ⁻¹ , which is the stretching vibration of the carbonyl group, was used as the surface total reflection Raman crystallization index. The measurement conditions are as follows. However, the measurement depth was about 500 to 1000Å from the surface. Light source Argon ion laser (5.145Å) Sample setting Press the film surface to the total reflection prism so that the laser polarization direction (S polarization) and the film length direction are parallel, and the incident angle of the laser to the prism (film thickness The angle with the depth direction) was set to 60 °. Detector PM: RCA31034 / Photon Counti
ng System (Hamamatsu C123
0) (supply 1,600 V) measurement condition SLIT 1,000 μm LASER 100 mW GATE TIME 1.0 sec SCAN SPEED 12 cm ⁻¹ / m
in SAMPLING INTERVAL 0.2 cm ^-1 REPEAT TIME 6 The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is:
Both the B layer (crystalline polyester) and the C layer (crystalline polyester) are 200 cm ^-1 or less.

(148) Crystallization acceleration coefficient, crystallization parameter DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) II manufactured by Perkin Elmer Co., Ltd.
The difference between the cold crystallization temperature Tcc of the polymer and the glass transition point Tg (Tcc-Tg) measured using a mold is defined as a crystallization parameter ΔTcg, and ΔTcg (I) of a polyester containing 1% by weight of particles, and The ΔTcg (II) of a polyester not containing particles having the same viscosity as this was measured to obtain ΔT
Difference between cg (II) and ΔTcg (I) [ΔTcg (II)
−ΔTcg (I)] was used as the crystallization acceleration coefficient of the particles. The measurement conditions of DSC are as follows.
That is, 30 mg of the sample was set in the DSC device and
Melt for 5 minutes at a temperature of 0 ° C., then quench in liquid nitrogen. The temperature of this quenched sample is raised at 10 ° C./min, and the glass transition point Tg is detected. The temperature was further raised and the crystallization exothermic peak temperature from the glass state was set as the cold crystallization temperature Tcc. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is a crystallization parameter ΔTcg of 40 to 95 ° C.

(149) Heat of Crystal Melting Using a DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) device manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation,
It was determined by dividing the endothermic energy due to crystal melting obtained when the polymer pellet was heated and heated at a rate of 20 ° C./min in a nitrogen stream by the sample weight. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 10 to 2
It is 0 cal / g.

(150) Melting point Differential scanning calorimeter Mode manufactured by Perkin-Elmer
1 DSC-2 type was used to heat a 5 mg sample at a heating rate of 20 ° C./min to 280 ° C., hold for 5 minutes, cool at the same rate, and then raise the temperature again, so-called second run. Take the melting curve of. The highest peak point of this curve is the melting point. The melting points of the laminated portion and the base layer portion are obtained.

(151) Fixing property (blocking property) The coated layer surface and the non-coated layer surface of the polyester film or the coated layer surface and the coated layer surface of the polyester film are kept at 40 ° C. and 80% R in a thermo-hygrostat.
After being conditioned for 1 hour with H, the layers were piled up, a load of 10 kg / cm ² was applied by a press, and a width of 20 c was obtained by treating in a thermo-hygrostat for 20 hours.
The film of m was measured according to the method of peeling with a piano wire of ASTM-D-1893. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 50 to 500 g.

(152) Gloss of Film (Gs) Using a VGS-1001DP type gloss meter manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., a 60-degree specular gloss Gs (60 °) was measured according to JIS-
It measured according to Z8741. That is, the reflectance of the sample was calculated based on the reflectance of the black standard plate at the incident angle and the reflection angle of 60 degrees, and was used as the glossiness. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that Gs of the smooth surface is 0 to 250,
Gs of the rough surface is 0 to 200.

(153) Light Transmittance Shimadzu Multipurpose Autograph Spectrophotometer (MPS-500)
0), the wavelength of the film (thickness 15 μm) is 900 n
The light transmittance at m is measured. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 60 to 95%.

(154) Inclusion of Dispersant In the film of the present invention, 0.001 to 10% by weight of a dispersant compatible with polyester and having a melting point of less than 200 ° C. can be contained.

(155) Degree of Deformation A small piece of film was fixed and molded with an epoxy resin and then cut with a microtome, and the cross section in the longitudinal direction of the film was observed. With respect to the particles existing within 5 μm from the film surface, the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter were obtained for each particle and the ratio thereof was calculated.
This value was obtained for at least 100 particles, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the degree of deformation. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.12 to 50.

(156) Ratio of air layer between film layers of take-up roll The roll diameter D of the roll film wound for a certain length was measured, and calculated from the film thickness and length (no air layer was present). ) The roll diameter D ₀ is obtained, and the calculated value and the actually measured value are used to obtain the following equation. Air layer ratio = [(D−D ₀ ) / D ₀ ] × 100 (%) The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 2
~ 4%.

(157) Rolling Hardness of Winding Roll The winding hardness was measured by using a rubber hardness meter according to the hardness measurement specified in JIS-K-K6301. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 75 to 95.
It is degree.

(158) Air Evacuation Rate Ratio A circular hole is provided on the upper surface of the pedestal, and a groove hole is formed on the outer peripheral side of the hole so that the groove hole and the hole communicate with each other through a communication passage. Then, a suction port is formed in the groove and a vacuum pump is connected to the suction port via a pipe. A glass flat plate with a diameter of 70 mm is fixed in the hole of the base thus constructed, a test film of a size that covers the glass flat is stacked on it, and the outer peripheral side is fixed to the upper surface of the base with adhesive tape. And seal. In this state, the vacuum pump is driven, interference fringes appear on the outer peripheral side of the glass flat plate, and then spread over the entire surface of the glass flat plate.
Measure the time (seconds) until the movement stops, and use this time as the air escape rate. In the measurement of the air bleeding speed, a photograph was taken 20 seconds after the appearance of the interference fringes on the outer peripheral portion of the glass flat plate, and a photograph was taken to show the longitudinal diameter (l _MD ) and the lateral diameter (l _TD ) Is measured, and the reciprocal of the ratio of l _MD and l _TD (l _MD / l _TD ) ^-1 is ^defined as the air bleeding speed ratio. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.
It is 4 to 0.6.

(159) Water Content The moisture absorption state (water content) of the film can be accurately measured by measuring the weight before and after drying. Drying conditions in the measurement may be, for example, about 105 to 180 ° C. and left in dry air for several hours. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.2 to 0.7%.

(160) Base Diameter of Protrusions In the film of the present invention, the base diameter of the protrusions on the film surface is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1.8 μm.

(161) Cutting suitability index (Z), Cutting suitability crystallographic index (Y) The cutting suitability index (Z) is expressed by the following formula (1) Z = 383.3-2.76A-2000B + 840Δn (1) (wherein A is a haze value, B is a plane orientation coefficient, and B = ((n _MD + n _TD ) / 2) −n _ZD (n _MD is a longitudinal direction refractive index, n _TD is a width direction refractive index, n _ZD Is a refractive index in the thickness direction), and Δn is a difference in refractive index represented by Δn = n _MD −n _TD ). Cutting suitability crystal indicator (Y) the following formula _{(2) Y = -6.36-28.4x 1 +} 0.254x C -26Δn (2) ( wherein, x ₁ is the X-ray diffraction (110) plane peak intensity I (1
10) and X-ray diffraction (100) plane peak intensity I (100)
Is the ratio I (110) / I (100), X _C is the crystallite size, and Δn is the same as that shown in the equation (1). The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is that Y is -30 to -5,
Z is -15 to 10.

(162) Scratch resistance to metal pin: A 1/2 width film surface is brought into contact with a stainless steel fixed pin (surface roughness 0.5S) having a diameter of 5 mm at an angle of 150 °, and at a speed of 2 m / min. Approximately 15 cm is reciprocated and rubbed (at this time, the entrance tension T _{1 is set} to 60 g).
By repeating this operation, the degree of scratches generated on the friction surface after the measurement of 40 reciprocations is visually judged according to the following criteria. ⊚: Scratch hardly occurs. ○: Scratch is slightly generated. Δ: Scratches are considerably generated. X: Scratches occur on the entire surface. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is ○
That is all.

(163) Contamination with Nylon Roll The abrasion resistance of the running surface of the film is evaluated using a 5-stage mini super calender. The calender is a five-stage calender consisting of a nylon roll and a steel roll. The processing temperature is 80 ° C., the linear pressure applied to the film is 200 kg / cm, and the film speed is 50 m / min. When the running film has been run for a total length of 4000 m, the abrasion resistance of the film is evaluated according to the following criteria due to the dirt attached to the top roller of the calendar. ◎: Nylon roll was not soiled at all ○: Nylon roll was barely soiled ×: Nylon roll was soiled XX: Nylon roll was soiled very preferably The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is ○
That is all.

(164) Scraping and Scratchability In a device for measuring the running friction coefficient of a film, a 6φ fixing rod formed by bending a SUS sintered plate into a cylindrical shape instead of the stainless steel SUS304 fixing rod has a surface roughness Ra of 0.15
Using a 6φ tape guide with a diameter of μm and a carbon black-containing polyacetal 6φ tape guide manufactured by Daiichi Seiko Co., Ltd., the angle is set to 30 degrees, and the inlet tension is set to 50 g / 1/2 inch at a speed of 300 m / min. The shavings adhering to the guide after running and the scratches of the tape after running are evaluated. (Shavings powder judgment) ◎: Shavings powder is not seen at all ○: A slight amount of shavings powder is seen △: Presence of shavings powder can be seen at a glance ×: Shavings powder is badly adhered (Scratch judgment) ◎: No scratches are observed. O: 1 to 5 scratches are seen. Δ: 6 to 15 scratches are seen. X: 16 or more scratches are seen. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is:
The scraping property is ◯ or more and the scratching property is 10 or less.

(165) Abrasion resistance (No. 1) A film slit to a width of 12.5 mm was brought into contact with a commercially available razor and evaluated by the amount of white powder adhering to the razor when running at a speed of 60 m / min, The following four ranks were ranked. ⊚: Almost no white powder was generated ◯: White powder was slightly generated Δ: White powder was generated frequently ×: White powder was generated very much The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is ○.
That is all.

(166) Abrasion resistance (No. 2) Using a tape abrasion evaluation machine, a polyester film having a width of 10 mm was run for a length of 200 m, and a fixing pin (diameter 6 mm, material SUS420-J2, finish 0.2).
The amount of abrasion powder adhering to S) was visually evaluated and divided into 4 ranks. The traveling speed of the film is 11.4 m / min,
The tension is detected by the tension pickup and the initial tension is set to 3
00g, and the winding angle θ with the film was 135 °. Rank A: No adhesion is observed. Rank B: Very little adhesion is observed, but there is no problem in practical use. Rank C: The amount of adhesion is rather large, which may cause a problem when used for a long time. Rank D: A large amount of adhesion makes it practically difficult to use. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is rank B or higher.

(167) Film surface hardness A sample cut into a size of 15 mm × 15 mm is fixed on a slide glass, and a diamond needle with a radius of curvature of 50 μm is pressed with a load of 10 g at a constant speed of 0.2 mm / sec. Scratch the surface of the sample with aluminum, vapor-deposit the obtained sample, observe with a microscope and take a photograph, and finally measure the width (μm) of the streak due to the scratch from a 400 times enlarged photograph. To do. The preferable range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is 0.2 to 3
μm.

(168) Scratch resistance A magnetic tape slit to a width of 1/2 inch is applied to a hard chrome plated metal pin (diameter mm, finishing 3S) with a tension of 50.
g, wrapping angle 135 °, running speed 3 m / sec, the base film surface of the magnetic tape is rubbed once. Next, aluminum was vacuum-deposited on the scraped surface in an amount of about 1000 Å, and the amount of scratches was visually evaluated and divided into the following 5 ranks. Rank 1: The amount of scratches is extremely large. Rank 2: The amount of scratches is large. Rank 3: The amount of scratches is between 2 and 4. Rank 4: The amount of scratches is small. Rank 5: There is no scratch. The preferred range of the film of the present invention in this measuring method is rank 4 or higher.

[0200]

【Example】

Examples 1 and 2 Crosslinked polystyrene particles having different average particle sizes (Example 1,
0.3 μm) and silica particles derived from colloidal silica (Example 2, 0.2 μm) were prepared, and the ethylene glycol slurry was heat-treated at 190 ° C. for 1.5 hours and then dimethyl terephthalate. With polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter PET
Abbreviated). At this time, the polycondensation time was adjusted so that the intrinsic viscosity was 0.70 (thermoplastic resin A). In addition, according to a conventional method, P having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 containing 0.1% by weight of inert particles having an average particle diameter of 0.05 μm
ET was produced and designated as thermoplastic resin B.

Each of these polymers was dried under reduced pressure (3 Torr) at 180 ° C. for 3 hours. The thermoplastic resin A is supplied to the extruder 1 and melted at 310 ° C., the thermoplastic resin B is further supplied to the extruder 2 and melted at 280 ° C., and these polymers are combined and laminated by a combination block (feed block). ,
The film was wound around a casting drum having a surface temperature of 30 ° C. and cooled and solidified by using the electrostatically applied casting method to prepare an unstretched film having a two-layer structure. At this time, an unstretched film was prepared with a ratio of the die slit gap / the unstretched film thickness being 10. The total thickness and the thickness of the thermoplastic resin A layer were adjusted by adjusting the discharge rate of each extruder. This unstretched film was stretched 4.5 times in the longitudinal direction at a temperature of 80 ° C.
This stretching was carried out in four stages with the difference in peripheral speed between each pair of rolls. This uniaxially stretched film was stretched 4.0 times in the width direction at 100 ° C. at a stretching rate of 2000% / min using a stenter.
Heat treatment at 200 ℃ for 5 seconds under constant length, total thickness 15μ
m, and a thermoplastic resin A layer having a thickness of 0.3 μm was obtained. The obtained films were both excellent in scratch resistance.

[0202]

As described above, in the case of the biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film of the present invention, the relationship between the thickness of the A layer, the content of the contained particles and the A layer thickness, the average of the B layer contained particles is obtained. Since the particle size and content are specified, a film having excellent scratch resistance can be obtained.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location G11B 5/704 // B29K 67:00 105: 16 B29L 9:00

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A laminated film having a laminated structure of an A layer made of a thermoplastic resin A and a B layer made of a thermoplastic resin B, wherein the A layer constitutes at least one outermost layer, wherein the at least one The A layer constituting the outermost layer of the above-mentioned A layer has an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 10 times the thickness of the A layer, and the amount of the inert particles is 0.0
01 to 50% by weight and its layer thickness is 0.005 to 3
[mu] m or 10% or less of the total thickness of the laminated film, and the B layer contains 0.001 to 1% by weight of inactive particles having an average particle size of 0.005 to 2 [mu] m.
Biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film.