JPH07180480A - Shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To stabilize the working face and improve the work efficiency by providing a joint section capable of transmitting large driving force on a device driving a rotor provided on a leading body, crushing an object, and discharging the crushed object with a discharging means for excavation propulsion, and providing a non-detouring slurry path with the joint section. CONSTITUTION:A joint section 62 connecting the drive shafts 110, 111 of a rotor at a small joint angle theta is provided on a shield machine driving a rotor 2 provided on a leading body 10 for excavation propulsion. Large driving force in the axial direction and the driving torque are transmitted, and a large load can be borne. A slurry path 104 is opened in the axial direction and communicated with the axis of the joint section 62 separately from a circulating path of fed mud, and it is communicated with an exhaust nozzle at the tip of the working face of the rotor 2. A clogging agent is not diluted, and constant viscosity can be kept.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavating device for driving a rotating body provided on a lead conductor to crush an object, and excavating and propelling the crushed object while carrying out the crushed object by discharging means.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A shield excavator is used in the pipe excavation propulsion method. A shield excavator generally has a front conductor (also referred to as a shield body) at the forefront, and is configured to pierce the ground by operating a rotating body provided on the front conductor. A pipe is inserted behind the front conductor according to the progress of excavation. Usually, an induction tube or a direct fume tube is inserted immediately after the lead conductor. These tubes are advanced by the propulsive force of the rear set jacks.

The embedding of the fume pipe is completed by excavating from the start pit to the arrival pit, inserting the fume pipe one after another, and finally collecting the shield body or the guide pipe.

The object to be excavated by the cutter of the rotating body passes between the rotating body and the casing, and is conveyed to the jack side (not shown) by the discharging means provided inside the guide tube and the fume tube. Is discharged to the outside.

Propulsive force from the rear jack is transmitted to the rotating body via a drive shaft having a plurality of joint portions. Since these joints are required to be flexible, constant velocity joints are generally used. A laser target for direction control is arranged at the rear part of the rotating body, and in particular, in order to secure a space for this, a plurality of joint parts of the drive shaft are tilted at a plurality of joint angles to make a housing space. It is often secured and installed.

Regarding the sent and discharged mud water, the rotation speed of the sent and discharged mud pump is adjusted in order to maintain the ground balance in the aquifer sand layer, thereby adjusting the pressure and the viscosity of the mud. There is. For example, especially at high groundwater levels, the rotation speed of the mud pump is increased, while the rotation speed of the sludge pump is decreased to increase the mud water pressure. In addition, the mud viscosity is increased in a stratum that has a lot of voids and is disintegratable to maintain earth balance.

[0007]

However, in the method in which a plurality of constant velocity joints are used for the drive shaft and are driven with a joint angle, when a large excavating force is required on a gravel gravel or the like. However, there is a problem in that sufficient torque is not transmitted and the capacity is limited. Further, in the constant velocity joint, it is impossible to form the mud channel including the joint portion, and the detour for rotating the joint portion is set, but there are problems such as high cost and inconvenience of sealing surface. is there.

[0008] Further, in the conventional mud water system for sending and discharging,
When the pressure is adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the sending and discharging mud pump as described above in response to soil changes such as voids, the amount of sending and discharging mud water at the above-ground plant also changes, and the viscosity also changes. Therefore, it is very difficult to obtain the mutual balance of these pressures and viscosities. This has a problem of affecting the adjustment of the pressure balance of the filler or the like on the face of the face.

In view of the above, the present invention can be achieved only by controlling the viscosity of the mud pump alone, while ensuring a strong torque transmission and propulsive force to the drive shaft and without considering the relationship with the mud pressure adjustment. It was made to do.

[0010]

In a shield excavating device for driving a rotating body (2) provided on a front conductor (10) to crush an object, and excavating and propelling the crushed object while carrying out the crushed object by discharging means. , The drive shaft (110, 111) of the rotating body (2)
Is a joint portion (6 having at least one joint angle θ)
2), the drive shaft (110, 111) and the joint portion (6)
The gist is a shield excavator characterized in that a mud channel (104) passing through the shaft center portion of 2) and communicating with the rotating body (2) is provided.

[0011]

According to the above structure, by adopting the structure described in claims 2 and 3 in the structure of claim 1, when a large driving force is required for excavating gravel, it is possible to flexibly provide a large driving torque. It is possible to easily excavate by driving the rotating body, and at the same time, a sufficient space for accommodating the laser target is secured. The direction correcting portion at the tip of the leading conductor is configured to control the head angle by, for example, four cylinders, and the direction is easily controlled by the spherical sliding portion of the drive shaft joint portion and the outer peripheral portion of the joint portion having flexibility. Even when the cutter head changes its direction, the drive shaft connected to it can react flexibly and follow.

Furthermore, by installing the mud channel that passes through the axial center of the drive shaft separately from the circulation route of the sending and discharging mud, it is possible to maintain a constant viscosity without diluting the clogging material. It is possible to improve the work efficiency as well as the stability of (the stability of the face).

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are conceptual views showing a preferred embodiment of a shield excavator mainly for gravel according to the present invention, respectively showing a front part and a rear part of the shield excavator. Figure 3
FIG. 2 is an end view showing a tip end portion of the shield excavation device of FIG. 1.

The shield excavator includes a lead conductor 10, a guide pipe (also referred to as an extension pipe) 20, a fume pipe 30, and a transmitter (not shown), a hydraulic unit, an operating device, a laser oscillator,
It is composed of a processing device and the like.

As shown in FIG. 3, the front conductor 10 has a shield body 1, a rotating body 2, a fixed guide 4, a blade assembly 6, and an outer peripheral ring 8. The rotating body 2 is also referred to as a gravel blade tip, a gravel cutter, or a rotary crusher portion. The fixed guide 4 is also called an outer cone.

The shield body 1 is preferably cylindrical or tubular. A fixed guide 4 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the shield body 1 via a ring-shaped support.
This fixed guide 4 is conical, especially frustoconical,
The cross section is circular. That is, fixed guide 4
Are formed so that the diameter gradually increases in the excavation direction or the propulsion direction, that is, in the forward direction.

The fixed guide 4 is coaxially arranged in the shield body 1. On the inner surface of the fixed guide 4, a hard facing portion 18 is preferably provided in a spiral shape. The fixed guide 4 is made of, for example, S45C, and the hard facing portion 18 is made of a known hard facing material.

The rear end portion of the rotating body 2 is connected to the connecting member 21. The connecting member 21 is connected to a known rotary drive source (not shown). By driving the rotary drive source,
The rotator 2 rotates, for example, 15 times per minute. Rotating body 2
Preferably has a substantially regular hexagonal cross section, but may have other polygons. Axial tip 1 of rotating body 2
1 is sharp.

The rotating body 2 includes a first inclined portion 24 and a second inclined portion 2.
Have six. The angle formed by the first inclined portion 24 and the rotary shaft core is preferably 5 ° or more and 30 ° or less, and most preferably about 10 °. The angle formed by the second inclined portion 26 and the rotation axis is preferably 10 to 15 °.

The inclination of the first inclined portion 24 is opposite to the inclination of the fixed guide 4. That is, the first inclined portion 24 is formed so that the diameter thereof gradually decreases in the propulsion direction. The inclination of the second inclined portion 26 is in the same direction as the inclination of the fixed guide 4. That is, the second inclined portion 26 is formed so that the diameter thereof gradually increases in the propelling direction. The radial interval between the large-diameter portion of the fixed guide 4 and the distal end portion of the first inclined portion 24 is set to be, for example, 100 mm or more. The radial distance between the rear end small diameter portion of the fixed guide 4 and the rear end portion of the second inclined portion 26 is set to, for example, about 30 mm.

A space 28 for crushing gravel and cobblestone 100 is formed between the fixed guide 4 and the rotary body 2. The crushing space 28 includes a front portion formed between the fixed guide 4 and the first inclined portion 24 and a rear portion formed between the fixed guide 4 and the second inclined portion 26. The front part is enlarged in the propulsion direction. The rear part has a constant spacing.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rotating body 2 is provided with a large number of protruding chips 30. The tip 30 is fixed by, for example, silver brazing. The first inclined portion 2 of the rotating body 2
4 and the second inclined portion 26 are made of, for example, a material equivalent to S45C, and the tip 30 is made of a material that is resistant to abrasion and impact, such as cemented carbide or dense ceramic.

A blade assembly 6 is provided on the tip end 11 side of the rotating body 2.
Is provided. The blade assembly 6 has three blades as shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, two blades 32, 3
Only 4 is visible. The three blades are arranged at intervals of 120 ° around the rotating body 2. The blade is the rotating body 2
It is tilted, for example, by 10 ° with respect to the rotation center of. By rotating the three blades 32 and 34 around the rotation axis, the excavated object can be pushed to the rear crushing space 28. The blade is provided with a plurality of elongated hard facing parts 38. Further, a carbide tip 48 is attached to the front end surface of the blade to prevent wear. Three wings 3
2, 34 are integrally connected to the outer peripheral ring 8. Each inner end of the blade is fixed to the rotating body 2. Therefore, 3
The two blades 32, 34, the rotating body 2 and the outer peripheral ring 8 rotate integrally.

As shown in FIG. 3, a muddy water channel 120 is formed on the axis of the rotating body 2, and some muddy water communicating with the muddy water channel 120 is formed at the tip 11 of the rotating body 2. An ejection hole 121 is provided. By flowing water through the muddy water channel 120 to cool the rotating body 2 and other parts during excavation, this muddy water can be utilized for muddy discharge of the object to be crushed. The mud channel 120 is also used to supply the packing material to the face. By supplying a filling agent, the pressure of the face is balanced.

As shown in FIG. 3, the outer peripheral ring 8 has an outer diameter substantially the same as or slightly larger than that of the shield body 1. The width and axial length of the outer peripheral ring 8 help control the orientation of the shield body 1. Carbide chips 50 are provided on the front end surface of the outer peripheral ring 8 at substantially constant intervals. Further, on the front end face of the outer peripheral ring 8, a hard facing portion 59 is provided between two cemented carbide tips 50 at regular intervals.

A series of V-shaped hard facing parts 52 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral ring 8. These hard facing parts 52 have V-shaped opening angles set to, for example, 60 ° with respect to each other.

A spiral screw auger 61 (also called a screw conveyor) for conveying the crushed object is connected to the rear end of the rotating body 2. Rotating body 2
The screw auger 61 is integrally rotated by the rotary drive source. An inner cylinder pipe 81 is arranged around the screw auger 61, and the crushed object moves rearward in the inner cylinder pipe 81 by the propulsive force of the screw auger 61.

A guide tube 20 is connected behind the front conductor 10. The diameter of the outer wall 69 of the guide tube 20 is equal to
Is approximately the same as or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the shield body 1. There are several cylinders 6 in front of the guide tube 20, for example, four cylinders 6.
3 are arranged. The rod tip of the cylinder 63 is fixed to the rear wall of the shield body 1.

An inner tube 81 and a screw auger 61 are provided at the axial center of the guide tube 20, and crushed gravel and the like are discharged rearward in the inner tube. The screw auger 61 has a plurality of joint portions 62 having small joint angles, and
0 is driven, and the axial center portion of the rear end portion A of the screw auger is eccentric to the axial center of the guide tube 20 together with the inner tubular tube 81 by an eccentric dimension in which a plurality of joint angles are accumulated. is set up.

The joint portion 62 will be described with reference to FIG.

The joint portion 62 connects the drive shafts 110 and 111 with a certain small joint angle θ, and transmits a large axial propulsive force and drive torque and can withstand a large load. There is.

The drive shafts 110 and 111 are composed of inner shaft portions 92 and 94 and outer shaft portions 93 and 95, respectively.
The inner shaft portion 92 and the outer shaft portion 93 of the drive shaft 110 are fixed by welding after the inner shaft portion 92 is fitted. Similarly, the inner and outer shaft portions of the drive shaft 111 are also fixed by welding. A series of screw augers 61 are fixed to the outer shaft portions 93 and 95 by welding. A mud channel 104 is defined at the axial center of the inner shaft portions 92 and 94.

The mud channel 104 is opened in the axial direction of the joint portion 62 (as will be described later) and communicates therewith, and is also communicated with the ejection hole 121 at the tip of the face of the rotor 2 shown in FIG. .

The joint portion 62 includes spherical bearings 101, 102,
It has a meshing joint 105 and a flexible pipe 103. The spherical bearings 101 and 102 have one drive shaft 11
0 inner shaft 92 and the other drive shaft 111 outer shaft 95
It is provided between.

The end portion of the inner shaft portion 92 is stepwise thin, and the bearing member 114 has the fixed nut 1 at the tip of the small diameter portion.
It is fixed by 06. A muddy water channel is formed on the shaft center of the fixing nut 106 and communicates with the muddy water channel 104 of the drive shaft. The top of the fixing nut 106 is spherical. Further, the end surface of the inner shaft portion 94 facing the top portion of the fixed nut 106 is also spherical. A groove is formed on the spherical surface, and an O-ring is arranged in the groove.
The O-ring tightly engages with the top portion of the fixing nut 106 to prevent muddy water from entering the spherical bearing portion. Bearing member 114
The outer peripheral surface of is a spherical surface having a radius r. Inner shaft 92
The step portion, that is, the shoulder portion is a spherical surface 102b having a radius R.

A tubular bearing member 112 is fixed to the inside of the outer shaft portion 95 by welding. The free end surface of the bearing member 112 is a spherical surface 102a having a radius R. Sphere 1
02a constitutes a spherical bearing 102 together with the spherical surface 102b of the shoulder portion of the inner shaft portion 92. The spherical bearing 102 mainly receives a load in the axial direction. Another bearing member 113 is arranged at the inner middle portion of the bearing member 112. Bearing member 1
The inner surface of 13 is a spherical surface having a radius r, and the bearing member 11
4 together with the spherical bearing 101. Spherical bearing 10
1 mainly supports the center point of the joint portion and receives a radial load. The centers O of the two spherical bearings 101 and 102 coincide. The bearing surfaces of the two spherical bearings 101 and 102 do not include the shaft center and are arranged around the shaft center.

The meshing joint 105 has a square pawl similarly to a so-called dog clutch, and has an outer shaft portion 93.
And 95 are connected to each other. That is, a plurality of rectangular tooth-shaped protrusions are formed on the end surfaces of the outer shaft portions 93 and 95, and they are loosely engaged with each other. Rotation is transmitted from one drive shaft 111 to the other drive shaft 110 with a strong torque by the meshing joint 105, and the flexibility of the joint portion 62 is maintained. In addition,
The meshing joint 105 does not transmit axial force.

A flexible pipe 103 for preventing the entry of muddy water or the like into the spherical bearing portion is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the meshing joint portion 105 of the outer shaft portions 93 and 95 of the joint portion 62.
Are arranged. The flexible pipe 103 has a strength member 103b made of steel with a rectangular groove formed on the outer periphery in order to maintain flexibility on the outer side, and a rubber member 103a bonded to the inner side of the strength member 103b. Further, support members 103c are fixed to both ends in the axial direction to prevent the flexible pipe 103 from moving in the axial direction.

With such a structure, by extending and contracting the rod of the cylinder 63, the front conductor 10
You can change the direction of travel. Further, the joint portion 62 in the middle of the guide tube 20 has the same structure as the joint portion 62 described above.

A valve 64 and an inclinometer 65 are arranged in the middle of the guide tube 20.

The above-mentioned sending / discharging sludge device 70 is provided behind the guide pipe 20. The sending and discharging mud water device 70 is
It is formed of a mud sending pipe 71, a mud discharging pipe 72, and a mud sending and discharging water chamber 73. The sending and discharging mud chamber 73 has two wall members 76.
It is defined by a and 76b. An opening 71 of the mud sending pipe 71 is provided near the front wall member 76a of the mud sending / discharging water chamber 73.
a is arranged. Rear wall member 76 of the sending and discharging mud chamber 73
An opening 72a of the sludge discharge pipe 72 is arranged near b. In FIG. 1, most of the mud-sending pipe 71 is on the back side of the other members and is shown by a broken line.

The rear end portions of the screw auger 61 and the inner tube 81 pass through the front wall member 76a. Therefore, the crushed material such as gravel conveyed by the screw auger 61 is sent from the rear end portion of the screw auger 61 and the inner cylindrical pipe 81 into the sending / discharging sludge chamber 73. The sending and discharging mud water chamber 73 is hermetically sealed except that it communicates with the screw auger 61 and the inner cylindrical pipe 81 as described above. The pressure adjustment in the sending / discharging sludge water chamber 73 is performed by adjusting the rotation speed of the sending / discharging mud pump.

The mud sending pipe 71 and the mud discharging pipe 72 each reach a processing device (not shown) on the ground. The processing device removes the gravel conveyed by the sludge discharge pipe 72 and manages the viscosity of the muddy water in the adjusting tank,
The mud water is sent to the mud sending pipe 71 again.

A laser target 66 is provided above the sending and discharging mud water chamber 73. The laser target 66 is configured to cooperate with the laser oscillator and is used for controlling the path of the leading conductor 10.

The screw auger 61 penetrating the front wall member 76a is connected to the drive shaft via a joint portion 62. The drive shaft is connected to the rotary drive source.

At the rear end of the guide pipe 20, a lubricant feed pipe 74 is provided.
The lubricant outlet 74a is arranged. Lubricant feed pipe 74
Has reached the ground control equipment. The lubricant is pumped and discharged from the lubricant outlet 74a between the front conductor and the soil to reduce friction between the two. It also reduces friction between the fume tube and soil.

A fume tube 30 is connected to the rear end of the guide tube 20. The fume tubes 30 are added one after another as the excavation proceeds. A rotary shaft is arranged on the axis of these fume pipes 30, and the mud pipe 7 is provided around the rotary shaft.
1, the sludge discharge pipe 72 and the lubricant feed pipe 74 are integrally arranged. A plurality of wheels 7 are provided at the bottom of the integrated body.
5 are provided.

Next, the operation of the above shield excavator will be described.

When a rotary drive source (not shown) is driven, the rotating body 2, the outer peripheral ring 8, the three blades 32,
34 and the screw auger 61, for example, at 1 minute
Rotate 5 times. When a thrust force is applied to the shield body 1 in the propelling direction of FIG. 1 by a device (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack, the outer ring 8 and the blades 32 and 34 are rotated and thrust to generate a gravel layer or a gravel layer. Is greatly crushed. At this time, since the three blades 32 and 34 are inclined and rotating, the excavated earth and sand including the cobblestone 100 is pushed toward the rear rotating body 2. Further, since the outer peripheral ring 8 rotates, the shield body 1 is stable during excavation, and it is easy to proceed and the excavation direction control is easy.

The cobblestone 100, the earth and sand, etc. are the crushing space 2 in FIG.
Enter the front part of 8. As described above, the rotating body 2 attached to the rotating body 2 has a polygonal cross section, particularly a regular hexagon. For this reason, 100 stones that have been pushed in
Is inevitably subjected to a crushing crushing force in the rotational direction between the fixed guide 4 having a circular cross section. That is, the cobblestone 100 sandwiched between the chip 30 and the hard facing portion 18 is substantially crushed by the chip 30 and the hard facing portion 18 at a narrow space. Thus, the cobblestone 10 is provided between the cemented carbide tips 30 arranged on each surface of the rotating body 2 and the hard facing portions 18 spirally arranged on the conical surface of the fixed guide 4.
0 is crushed. Moreover, since the distance between the first inclined portion 24 of the rotating body 2 and the fixed guide 4 is gradually reduced, the cobbles are gradually finely crushed by the hard facing portion 18 of the fixed guide 4 and the tip 30 of the rotating body 2. It And the second inclined portion 26
In the rear portion of the tip 30 and the hardened buildup portion 18 of the guide portion 4, it is further crushed into fine crushed gravel.

The crushed gravel and other earth and sand obtained here are moved rearward in the inner cylindrical pipe 81 by the screw auger 61 together with the (mud) water supplied from the water hole of the rotating body 2. The crushed gravel and the earth and sand are carried in the derivative 20 by the screw auger 61 and sent to the sending and discharging mud water chamber 73.
In the sending and discharging mud water chamber 73, crushed gravel and earth and sand are transferred to the mud sending pipe 7.
1 mixed with muddy water sent by 1 and drained mud pipe 7
Sucked out by 2.

The crushed gravel and the earth and sand mixed with the muddy water are sent to the processing device on the ground through the drainage mud pipe 72. And
The gravel distributed by the cyclone and vibrating screen is removed. The viscosity of the muddy water is controlled in the adjusting tank, and the muddy water is sent into the sending and discharging mud water chamber 73 by the mud sending pump 71 to circulate.

In the joint portion 62 of the drive shaft, the spherical bearing 102 mainly receives the axial load, and the spherical bearing 101 mainly receives the radial load. Further, the flexible joint 105 transmits the rotation from one drive shaft 111 to the other drive shaft 110. The joint portion 62 has flexibility as described above. Furthermore, in the joint portion 62, the mud channel 104 does not bypass the joint portion 62 and communicates with the shaft center portion in a substantially straight path, so that there is no problem in terms of sealing.

The inclination of the front conductor 10 is measured by the inclinometer 65 along with the vertical and horizontal positions of the target 66 and displayed on the ground monitoring device, and the traveling direction of the front conductor 10 is correctly controlled.

[0055]

By adopting the constitutions of claims 2 and 3 in the constitution of claim 1, it is possible to flexibly drive the rotating body with a large driving torque even when a large driving force is required when excavating gravel. This makes it possible to excavate easily, and at the same time, a sufficient space for accommodating the laser target is secured. The direction correcting portion at the tip of the leading conductor is configured to control the head angle by four cylinders, and the direction can be easily controlled by the spherical sliding portion of the drive shaft joint portion and the outer peripheral portion of the joint portion having flexibility. Even when the cutter head changes its direction, the drive shaft connected to the cutter head can react flexibly and follow the change.

Since the mud channel passing through the shaft center of the drive shaft is installed separately from the circulation route of the sending and discharging mud, the clogging material is not diluted and a constant viscosity can be maintained. Work efficiency is improved as well as mountain stability (face stability).

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of a shield excavation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an end view showing the front conductor of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a joint portion in the shield excavation device of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Shield Main Body 2 Rotating Body 4 Fixed Guide 6 Blade Assembly 8 Peripheral Ring 10 Leading Conductor 20 Derivative 61 Screw Auger 62 Joint Part 63 Cylinder 66 Target 70 Sending / Draining Device 71 Mud Pipe 72 Draining Pipe 73 Draining / Muddy Water Chamber 76 Wall member 80 Fume tube 81 Inner tube tube 100 Cobblestone

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A shield excavation device for driving a rotating body (2) provided on a front conductor (10) to crush an object, and excavating and propelling the crushed object while carrying out the crushed object by an ejecting means. The drive shaft (110, 111) of 2) is at least 1
A joint part (62) having a joint angle θ of not less than 4 and a mud channel (104) communicating with the rotating body (2) through the drive shaft (110, 111) and the shaft center part of the joint part (62) are provided. A shield excavation device characterized in that 2. The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion (62) relates to a meshing joint portion (105) for transmitting a rotational force to the rotating body (2) and a propulsive force to the rotating body. It is characterized by comprising a first spherical bearing (102) and a second spherical bearing (101) which is the center point of the joint angle θ and the first spherical bearing (102) and which is related to the support of the shaft center. Shield drilling rig 3. The shield excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral portion of the meshing joint portion (105) is a cylindrical rubber member (103a) on the inner side, and the outer peripheral portion of the rubber member is fitted to the outer peripheral portion. A shield excavating device comprising: a strength member (103b) and a ring-shaped support member (103a) for fixing both ends thereof to the meshing joint portion (105).