JPH071267A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a machine tool which is constituted to perform five-surface machining without inclining a work and preparation and replacement, reduce an absolute amount of registration calculation, perform machining according to a simple machining program, and perform grinding, milling, and drilling of a radial hole and an uneven surface-form ball with high precision and with surface coarseness approximately similar to that of a mirror surface. CONSTITUTION:A machine tool comprises a laterally movable work table 9 arranged on a bed 3; a rotatable index table 13 to rotate a work W to be machined placed on the work table 9: and a longitudinally movable tool rest 21 arranged on the head 3. Further, the tool machine comprises a main spindle head 33 arranged to the tool rest 21 and vertically movable and laterally revolvable as seen from a front; a main spindle 49 arranged to the main spindle head 33 and movable longitudinally of the main spindle head 33; and a tool 65 removably attached on the main spindle 49.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly, to a shape in which a ball and a shank such as ceramics, cemented carbide, steel, rare metal such as artificial bone are integrated, and a square hole with a bottom. Machine tools that enable grinding, milling, and drilling of small special shapes such as corner processing and inclined holes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, ceramics, cemented carbide, steel materials, rare metals such as artificial bones, which are integrated with a sphere and a shank, corner corners with bottom holes, small special shapes such as inclined holes are machined. For this, a machine tool with 5-axis control of the work head down is used.

That is, as a machine tool for controlling the work head down five axes, for example, a work table provided on a bed is rotated, and an indexing table provided on the work table is rotated to produce an indexing table. The work placed on the top is inclined and indexed at a desired angle. Further, a tool rest that is movable in the left-right direction and the front-rear direction is provided on the bed, and a main shaft that is vertically movable is provided in the tool rest. Moreover, various tools are detachably attached to the spindle.

Therefore, the work is placed and fixed on the indexing table, the work table is tilted at a desired angle and the indexing table is indexed and positioned at the desired angle, and the tool is moved in the left-right direction, the front-back direction and the front-back direction. By moving the workpiece in the vertical direction, a desired shape is processed on the work.

[0005]

By the way, in the above-described conventional work head down-type machine tool of 5-axis control, the centering accuracy of the work is 0.01 mm for both the rotary core and the rotary core, and the work is inclined. However, there is a problem that the center position calculation is required to perform centering because the work center escapes.
In addition, it was necessary to calculate a complicated angle and a misalignment in order to process a radial hole or a sphere having unevenness on a work.

In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to perform a five-sided machining without tilting the workpiece without changing the setup, and to provide a simple machining program with a small absolute amount such as alignment calculation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool that can be machined and that can perform grinding, milling, and drilling of radial holes and uneven spheres with high accuracy and surface roughness close to a mirror surface efficiently.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention rotates a work table provided on a bed and movable in the left-right direction, and a work to be machined provided on the work table. A rotatable indexing table, a tool rest provided on the bed and movable in the front-rear direction, a spindle head provided on the tool rest, vertically movable and pivotable left and right when viewed from the front, and the spindle. A spindle is provided on the head and is movable in the longitudinal direction of the spindle, and a tool that is detachably attached to the spindle is configured as a machine tool.

[0008]

By using the machine tool of the present invention, the work to be machined is placed and fixed on the indexing table, the work table is moved in the left-right direction, and the indexing table is indexed and positioned at a desired angle. To do. Then, the tool rest is moved in the front-rear direction, the main spindle head is swung to the left and right when viewed from the front, and is moved in the vertical direction.
Furthermore, by moving the spindle in the longitudinal direction of the spindle head, the workpiece mounted on the spindle can be machined as desired.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the machine tool 1 is provided with a bed 3 having a box shape, for example. 2, Figure 3,
A plurality of parallel guide rails 5 extending in the left-right direction in FIG. 4 are laid. A work table 9 is provided on the guide rail 5 via a plurality of sliding members 7 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. Although not shown in the drawing, the drive mechanism for the work table 9 is composed of a known servo motor, ball screw, and nut member.

With the above structure, when a servo motor (not shown) is driven, the work table 9 is guided by the guide rail 5 via the ball screw and the nut member and moved in the X-axis direction.

An indexing table drive motor 11 is provided on the work table 9, and an indexing table which is rotatable in the C-axis direction (rotational direction in the horizontal plane) is provided on the indexing table drive motor 11. 13 is provided and mounted on the output shaft of the indexing drive motor 11. A work W to be processed is placed and fixed on the indexing table 13 via a jig 15.

With the above structure, the indexing drive motor 11
Since the indexing table 13 is rotated by driving, the work W mounted and fixed on the indexing table 13 via the jig 15 is indexed at a desired angle.

The rear part of the bed 3 is in the Y-axis direction (see FIG. 1).
In the left-right direction, and in the vertical direction in FIG. 3), a plurality of parallel guide rails 17 are laid. On the guide rails 17, a tool rest 21 is arranged in the Y-axis direction via a plurality of sliding members 19. It is movably installed. Although not shown, the drive mechanism of the tool rest 21 is composed of a known servo motor, ball screw, and nut member.

With the above structure, when a servo motor (not shown) is driven, the tool rest 21 is guided by the guide rail 17 via the ball screw and the nant member and moved in the Y-axis direction.

On the front surface of the tool rest 21, a plurality of guide rails 23 extending in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4) are laid.
3, a slider 27 is provided via a plurality of sliding members 25 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. Although not shown, the drive mechanism of the slider 27 is composed of a known servomotor, ball screw, and nut member.

With the above structure, when a servo motor (not shown) is driven, it is moved in the vertical direction via the ball screw and the nut member.

A swing shaft 29 extending in the Y-axis direction is rotatably supported by the slider 27 via a plurality of bearings 31. The slider 27 is provided on the front side of the turning shaft 29.
The main shaft head 33 is attached to the protruding portion of the turning shaft 29.

A gear 35 is fitted on the rear portion of the turning shaft 29, and another gear 37 is meshed with the gear 35. An output shaft 41 of a B-axis turning drive motor 39 is attached to the gear 37.

With the above structure, when the B-axis turning drive motor 39 is driven, the gear 37 is rotated via the output shaft 41. By the rotation of the gear 37, the spindle head 33 is swung in the B-axis direction (the left-right direction when viewed from the front) via the gear 35 and the turning shaft 29.

The main spindle head 33 is provided with a slider 43 which is movable in the W axis direction (longitudinal direction of the main spindle head 33). More specifically, referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, on the front surface of the spindle head 33, a plurality of parallel guide rails 45 extending in the W-axis direction (direction orthogonal to the paper surface in FIG. 6) are laid. And this guide rail 4
5 is provided with the slider 43 via a sliding member 47. A main shaft 49 is attached to the tip of the slider 43.

The slider 43 has a W-axis drive motor 5 attached thereto.
1 is attached, and a pulley 55 is fitted on the output shaft 53 of the W-axis drive motor 51. A rotatable ball screw 57 is supported on the slider 43, and another pulley 59 is fitted on the ball screw 57. A belt 61 is wound around the pulley 59 and the pulley 55. A nut member 63 integrated with the spindle head 33 is screwed onto the ball screw 57.

With the above structure, when the W-axis drive motor 51 is driven, the pulley 55 is rotated via the output shaft 53. The rotation of the pulley 55 causes the ball screw 57 to rotate via the belt 61 and the pulley 59. The rotation of the ball screw 57 causes the slider 43 to move to the guide rail 4.
The vehicle will be guided by 5 and moved in the W-axis direction.

A rotatable tool mounting shank 63 is supported on the tip (lower end) of the main shaft 49, and a detachable tool 65 is mounted on the tool mounting shank 63. Further, a cover 67 covering the tool rest 21 is attached on the bed 3, and the left side of the cover 67,
Frames 69 and 71 are attached on the right side. An NC is provided on the upper right side of the cover 67 via a bracket 73.
A device 75 is attached. In the NC device 75, the origin (on all axes) and the positions of the C axis are measured and stored in advance.

Various tools 6 are provided at the front of the frame 69.
Rotatable disk-shaped tool magazine 7 containing 5
7 is provided. Moreover, this tool magazine 77
2 and 3, the guide frame 7 is provided on the cover 67 and the upper part of the frame 69 in order to move the guide frame 7 to the right.
9 is provided. The tool magazine 77 is moved to the right by being guided by the guide frame 79. The position of the tool magazine 77 shown by the dotted line in FIG. 3 is the replacement position of the tool 65.

Referring to FIG. 7, the spindle 49 has a mounting hole 7
9 is formed. The mounting hole 79 is composed of a hole 79A having a diameter A and a straight hole concentric with a hole 79B having a diameter B. That is, the hole 79A communicates with the hole 79B from a position a distance C (upward in FIG. 7) from the end surface (upper and lower surfaces in FIG. 7) (A <B). In addition, the holes 79A and 79B both have a distance E,
The same chamfered portion 79 having an angle of F degrees
C and 79D are formed. A rotation stop key 81 is provided on the lower surface of the spindle 49.

On the other hand, in the tool mounting shank 63 to which the tool 65 mounted on the spindle 49 is mounted, the holes 79A and 79 are formed.
Since it is attached to B, it has a straight diameter A ₁ ,
Shafts 63A and 63B made of B ₁ are provided. A pull stud 83, which is clamped and unclamped by a not-shown already-known clamp mechanism, is provided on the upper portion of the shaft 63A. Further, a gripping portion 85 having a gripping groove 85G that is gripped by a gripper of the automatic changer is provided on the upper portion of the shaft 63B for automatically changing the tool 65.

The diameters A ₁ and B ₁ of the shafts 63A and 63B have a very small clearance (usually 0.002 to 0.005 mm minus) with respect to the diameters A and B of the mounting holes 79A and 79B. The length C ₁ of the shaft 63A has the same dimension as the length C of the hole 79B. Furthermore, the shafts 63A, 63B
Both are chamfered portions 63C and 63D that are chamfered at the same distance E and angle F. Further, a key groove 87 is provided at a position of the grip portion 85 corresponding to the anti-rotation key 81.

With the above construction, as shown in FIG. 8, the tool mounting shank 63 is δ with respect to the axis of the main shaft 49.
When the tool mounting shank 63 is inserted into the spindle 49 in a state of being misaligned by only the center, the chamfered portion 6 of the tool mounting shank 63 is inserted into the chamfered portions 79C and 79D formed on the spindle 49.
3C and 63D hit simultaneously, shafts 63A and 63B
When the tool mounting shank 63 is pushed into the mounting holes 79A and 79B, the tool mounting shank 63 is inserted while moving to the shaft center of the spindle 49, and the tool mounting shank 63 is mounted in a state of being aligned with the shaft center of the spindle 49.

Thus, the tool mounting shank 63 can be attached to the main shaft 49 by a simple operation, and the centering can be easily performed.

As shown in FIGS. 9 (A) and 9 (B), a radial inclined hole W _A with a pitch circle diameter A ^φ is formed on the end surface of a cylinder W as a work from the end surface to a depth of L at an angle of β. The operation will be described by taking an example in the case of the start of the day. First, the cylinder W is placed and fixed on the indexing table 13 by the jig 15. The index table drive motor 11 is driven to rotate the index table 13 in the C-axis direction, and the work W (cylindrical)
Perform centering.

The work table 9 in the X-axis direction
1 is moved in the Y-axis direction so that the W-axis tool 65 and the work W that are vertically arranged are aligned with each other. Drive the W-axis drive motor 51 to move the slider 43 in the W-axis direction (vertical direction).
The blade edge of the tool 65 mounted on the spindle 49 by moving the
It is aligned with the center of the turning shaft 29 which is the B-axis.

The Z-axis (spindle head 33) is lowered and the upper surface of the work W is brought into contact with the cutting edge of the tool 65. In this case, if the distance b between the upper surface of the work W and the cutting edge of the tool 65 is known in advance, it is not necessary to hit it. Work W even if the tool 65 is tilted
The amount that does not interfere with the
Increase 9). The main shaft 49 is tilted by a β angle on the B-axis (turning shaft) 29.

After moving the work table 9 in the X-axis direction by half A / 2 of the machining hole pitch circle diameter, the W-axis is moved to L +.
a Cut (process). In this case, the cutting edge of the tool 65 is b
When it is just above, the Z axis is lowered by b, and then the W axis is processed by L + a. The W axis is retracted (raised) by L + a and indexed by the C axis, and thereafter, the radial inclined holes W _A are machined one after another in the manner described above.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the operation of an example in which a hemispherical surface is machined on a work W and radial nozzle holes are bored on the hemispherical surface will be described. For the hemispherical surface, the outer circumference of the cylindrical grindstone is used as the tool 65 so that the grindstone has a good sharpness. In order to simplify the program, only the radius R of the final sphere is specified and R change due to the cut is avoided.

The C-axis is rotated, and the R-axis is set on the X-Z axis plane.
When instructed to perform a 1/4 circular arc movement, the B axis performs simultaneous 3-axis movement of circular arc right angle turning. (Simultaneous operation of B, X, Z axes and independent rotation of C axis) (C axis does not need to be synchronized and may be rotating.) Cut is on Y axis and work W core (C axis core) is offset. The processing is started from the position where the processing is started, and when the center of the work W is reached, the processing is ended.

Next, the B-axis core is made to coincide with the ball-axis center height,
If the axial center of the main shaft 49 is aligned with the spherical center (X, Y axes), radial nozzle holes can be processed by C-axis indexing, B-axis inclination angle, and W stroke. In this example, we rarely used trigonometric functions to program,
The program can be simplified. Moreover, it is possible to perform a plurality of processes without changing the setup of the work W.

As described above, the work W is moved in the X-axis direction and the C-axis direction, and the tool 65 is moved in the Y-, Z-, B-, and W-axes. Such as a ball and a shank, or a corner with a bottomed hole corner,
Grinding, milling, and drilling of small special shapes such as inclined holes, highly accurate and efficiently with surface roughness close to a mirror surface,
Machining can be done with a simpler program without setup change.

By fixing the touch probe to an appropriate position on the work table 9 and moving the W axis up and down,
The blade edge position and diameter of the tool 65 can be confirmed by the movement amounts of the X, Y, and Z axes, and correction and reference position setting can be easily performed.
Since the touch probe and the C-axis are on the work table 9 and the relative positions X, Y, and Z do not change, the cutting edge of the tool 65 is made to coincide with the turning center or the axis of the C-axis if predicted in advance. be able to.

Tool mounting shank 63 mounted on the spindle 49
Can be exchanged and replaced, and can be automatically exchanged with the one in the tool magazine 77. The W-axis ball screw, the tool mounting shank 63, and the like are water-cooled in order to block heat from the bearing and the motor. That is, it is carried out by passing cooling water filtered by a filter provided in the bed 3. It goes without saying that the bed 3 has a tank for storing cooling water.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in other modes by making appropriate changes.

[0042]

As can be understood from the above description of the embodiments, according to the present invention, the construction is as described in the claims, and therefore the work is changed without being tilted. In addition to being able to process 5 surfaces without using a tool, it can be processed with a simple processing program with a small absolute amount such as alignment calculation. Furthermore, grinding of radial holes, uneven spheres, etc., milling, drilling can be performed with high accuracy and close to a mirror surface. Roughness allows efficient operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a right side view of a machine tool showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a rear view of FIG.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the V arrow view part in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front sectional view showing a mounting state of a tool mounting shank in which a tool is mounted on a spindle.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an operation for mounting the tool mounting shank on the spindle in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of processing a work by the machine tool of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of processing a work by the machine tool of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 machine tool 3 bed 9 work table 13 indexing table 21 turret 27 slider 29 pivot axis 33 spindle head 43 slider 49 spindle 65 tool 77 tool magazine

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A work table provided on a bed and movable in the left-right direction, a rotatable indexing table provided on the work table for rotating a work to be processed, and a front-back direction provided on the bed. To a turret, a spindle head that is provided on the turret and that is vertically movable and can be swung to the left and right when viewed from the front, and a spindle that is provided on the spindle head and is movable in the longitudinal direction of the spindle head. A machine tool comprising: a tool detachably attached to the spindle.