JPH07115755A - Armature for commutator type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To omit coil ends of both sides by individually interposing inner conductors between both end faces of an armature core and an outer conductor along both end faces connecting a radial inner end to radial inner end of the outer conductor, and connecting the radial outer end to an armature coil. CONSTITUTION:Inner conductors 41 are respectively fixed to both end faces of an armature core 11 through resin insulator 41a, and outer conductors 42 are respectively fixed to surfaces of both side inner conductors 41 through resin insulator 42a. The insulator 41a, the conductors 41, the insulator 42a and the conductors 42 of right side of the core 11 constitute a commutator 4 used also as a coil end. On the other hand, the insulator 41a, the conductors 41, the insulator 42a and the conductor 42 of left side of the core 11 merely constitute a coil end. Thus, since both side coil ends can be omitted, an axial length, physique and weight of a motor can be reduced without restriction in a high speed rotation by its centrifugal force resistance.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a commutator type rotating electric machine having a commutator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A commutator of a conventional armature of a commutator type rotary electric machine has a plurality of commutator pieces that are electrically insulated from a rotary shaft and are arranged axially around the rotary shaft. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-194541 discloses that a brush contact portion extending axially outward is partially embedded in a surface portion of a molded resin cylinder (insulating material) fitted to a rotary shaft so that the molded resin cylinder is circumferentially arranged in the circumferential direction. The inner conductor, which is inclined and extends in the axial direction, is embedded, the outer riser portion is extended in the radial direction from one end of the brush contact portion, and the inner portion is electrically insulated from both between the outer riser portion and the armature core. Disclosed is a commutator piece formed by radially extending an inner riser portion from one end of a conductor. By doing so, the coil end can be omitted.

A surface type commutator in which commutator pieces are radially arranged in a radial direction is also known. In the surface type commutator, the commutator piece does not have to be carried on the outer peripheral portion of the mold resin cylinder, which is advantageous in high-speed rotation. Further, in a DC motor used for an automobile starter, etc., there is a demand for miniaturization and large output, and in order to meet this demand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-240832 discloses that the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor is matched with the slot shape. It is proposed to improve the space factor by using a modified cross section.

[0004]

In the automobile starter, there is a particular demand for downsizing because of its vehicle installation. As a means for downsizing, a speed reducer is used to reduce the speed, and the motor is rotated at a high speed to reduce the size. In such a high-speed commutator type rotary electric machine, an excessive centrifugal force acting on the coil end of the armature coil not held by the armature core becomes a problem.

Since the armature coil comes out of the slot of the core and enters the next slot, the coil end is bent in the circumferential direction while bulging in the axial direction by a predetermined pitch, and therefore has a considerable weight and axial length. Then, the armature core is once supported by the armature core and cannot withstand the large centrifugal force due to the high speed rotation. On the other hand, if the riser portion of the commutator piece disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-194541 is extended in the radial direction and directly connected to the armature conductor extending from the slot, the coil end can be omitted. The centrifugal force exerted on the commutator piece whose mass and radial length of the part are remarkably increased will be much increased.

According to the above-mentioned publication, the commutator piece is supported by being embedded in the surface portion of the molded resin cylinder and inside thereof in two steps. However, such a two-step embedding structure has a commutator formed by the molded resin tube. The supporting strength of the piece is reduced.
In addition, there is a problem that the mold resin cylinder cannot support the above-mentioned excessive centrifugal force of the commutator piece at the time of high speed rotation, and the commutator piece is separated from the mold resin cylinder. Further, the inner conductor embedded in the molded resin cylinder and extending in the axial direction turns and curves in place of the coil end, so that it is necessary to have a complicated shape and arrangement, and manufacture is not easy. Furthermore, the mold resin cylinder must accept the resistance heat generation of the armature conductor embedded in a large amount as compared with the conventional commutator in addition to the brush friction heat, and the heat resistance of the mold resin cylinder also becomes a problem. Moreover, the coil end on the non-commutator side remains the same, and in the end, it is not possible to expect high-speed rotation beyond the number of rotations that the coil end can withstand.

Further, in the above surface type commutator, the coil end itself is the same as the conventional one, and it is not a solution to the problem that the high speed rotation is restricted by the centrifugal force applied to the coil end. Further, in the surface type commutator, in order to bend the armature coil by a required pitch, the surface type commutator is arranged from the end surface of the armature core through the coil end accommodation space of the armature coil, and the brush is further provided outside thereof. Must be placed sideways, which increases the axial length of the motor, the physique, and the weight.

Further, as in the above-mentioned publication, when the space factor is improved by making the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor into a modified cross-section in conformity with the slot shape, the following problems occur, and for this reason, Such techniques have not been widely used. First, when an irregular cross section is given to the armature conductor, work hardening occurs, and when the irregular cross section becomes more difficult to bend, the coil end swells and the axial length of the motor increases accordingly. . Further, as compared with the case of a circular cross section, since it has to be always inserted into the slot in a fixed posture, it is necessary to accurately apply a predetermined twist at the coil end, which makes the processing complicated and troublesome. When inserting the armature conductor into the slot while bending the armature conductor, the corner portion of the armature conductor may be rubbed at the entrance of the slot or the like to cause insulation failure.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an armature of a commutator type rotary electric machine capable of high speed rotation, high output, and small size and light weight. There is.

[0010]

The armature of a commutator type rotary electric machine according to the present invention has an outer side extending along both end faces of an armature core and having radial outer ends connected to an armature coil. A conductor, and the outer conductor is interposed between the both end surfaces of the armature iron core and the outer conductor, and a radially inner end is connected to a radially inner end of the outer conductor, and a radially outer end. Is provided with an inner conductor connected to the armature coil, and an insulator electrically insulating the inner conductor from the armature core and the outer conductor.

In a preferred mode, the axial outer end surface of the outer conductor on the brush side forms a brush sliding contact surface. In a preferred aspect, the armature coil has a cross sectional shape that approximates the cross sectional shape of the slot. In a preferred aspect, at least one of each outer conductor and each inner conductor is formed in a spiral shape.

[0012]

The outer conductor extends along both end surfaces of the armature core on the brush side, and the radial outer end is connected to the armature coil. The inner conductor is individually provided along both end faces of the armature iron core between the both end faces and the outer conductor along the both end faces, and the radial inner end is connected to the radial inner end of the outer conductor, The radially outer end is connected to the armature coil.

The outer conductor and the inner conductor are insulated from each other and from the armature core by an insulator. According to the present invention, the following operational effects are exhibited. First, since the coil ends on both sides can be omitted, high-speed rotation is not restricted by the centrifugal force resistance, and the axial length of the motor and the physique and weight can be reduced. Furthermore, since each armature conductor that constitutes the armature coil can be a linear conductor, the coil end swells even when the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor is a modified cross section (non-circular shape) that matches the slot shape. The axial length of the motor does not increase by that amount, there is no need to add a predetermined twist at the coil end, and the armature conductor is bent and inserted into the slot. It is also possible to prevent the insulating film between the child conductor and the slot from being damaged.

After all, the output of the armature coil is increased by increasing the space factor while avoiding the complicated and troublesome winding process of the armature coil.
Reduction of resistance heat generation can be realized. In a preferred aspect, the axial outer end surface of the outer conductor on the brush side forms a brush sliding contact surface. By doing so, it is not necessary to carry the commutator piece on the surface of the mold resin cylinder as in the conventional case, and the mold resin cylinder itself is not required. High-speed rotation due to load,
The increase in output is not restricted, and the axial length, physique, and weight of the motor can be reduced by the omission of the molded resin cylinder. Furthermore, the frictional heat generated by the brush is generated in the outer conductor, which can be cooled well by the air flow generated in the centrifugal direction along the surface of the outer conductor.
Further, since the armature iron core having a large heat capacity is temporarily favorably absorbed, the commutator does not limit the heat resistant temperature of the motor.

In a preferred mode, each armature conductor of the armature coil has a cross sectional shape that approximates the cross sectional shape of the slot. In this way, the best space factor can be achieved. In a preferred embodiment, at least one, and preferably both, of each outer conductor and each inner conductor is formed in a spiral shape. By doing so, the movement of the armature coil for one front pitch in the circumferential direction, which has been conventionally performed at the coil end of the armature coil, can be performed extremely easily.

[0016]

【Example】

(Embodiment 1) An example in which the present invention is applied to a DC motor of a starter for an automobile is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an axial sectional view of this motor. An armature core 11 formed by laminating a plurality of disc-shaped steel plates is fitted in the substantially central portion of the rotating shaft 10, and a plurality of slots 12 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the armature core 11, and the inside thereof is formed. The armature conductors 20 and 21 of the armature coil 2 are wound on the upper and lower sides in two stages. Less than,
20 and 21 are also called upper conductors, and 21 is also called a lower conductor.
A commutator portion 4 described below is formed on the right end surface of the armature core 11 to form an armature (rotor) of the electric motor. Both ends of the rotary shaft 10 have a bearing 61 attached to the end frame 60 of the electric motor and a bearing 62 attached to another member (not shown).
The end frame 60 shields the opening of the yoke 50 made of a cylindrical steel plate. On the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 50, four magnetic pole cores 52 around which a field coil 51 is wound are arranged close to the periphery of the armature core 11, and nine magnetic cores 52 are arranged in the circumferential direction.
The yoke 50, the field coil 51, and the magnetic pole core 52 are fixed at a distance of 0 degrees and form a stator.

A brush holder 70 is attached to the end frame 60.
Is fixed, and a brush 71 is held inside thereof so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The spring 72 provided in the brush holder 70 presses the brush 71 against a commutator piece (outer conductor) 42 of the commutator 4 described later.
In this embodiment, the winding field type DC motor is explained, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a magnet field type DC motor for generating a field magnetic field by a permanent magnet, and further other AC. It is obvious that it can also be applied to a commutator motor.

Next, the commutator 4 and the armature coil 2 will be described in more detail. Inner conductors 41 are fixed to both end surfaces of the armature core 11 with a resin-based insulating material 41a interposed therebetween.
Further, the outer conductors 42 are fixed to the surfaces of the inner conductors 41 on both sides with the resin-based insulating material 42a interposed therebetween. The resin-based insulating material 41a on the right side of the armature core 11, the inner conductor 41,
The resin-based insulating material 42a and the outer conductor 42 constitute the commutator 4 that also serves as a coil end, and the resin-based insulating material 41a on the left side of the armature core 11, the inner conductor 41, and the resin-based insulating material 4 are provided.
The 2a and the outer conductor 42 simply constitute a coil end, and the resin-based insulating material 41a and the resin-based insulating material 42a constitute an insulator in the present invention.

The inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 on both sides are spirally arranged in the axial direction. Figure 2
The arrangement state of the outer conductor 42 is shown in FIG. 42b is a groove between adjacent outer conductors 42. The inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 are formed by stamping a copper plate, but can be manufactured by another manufacturing method. Therefore, the outer conductor 42 extending along the right end surface of the armature core 11 forms a commutator piece, and its axial outer end surface forms a brush sliding contact surface.
The inner conductor 41 is provided radially outward between the armature core 11 and the outer conductor 42. Then, the radial inner end of each outer conductor 42 and the radial inner end of each inner conductor 41 are individually electrically connected (in this embodiment, the outer conductor 42 and the inner conductor 41 each have a radial inner end). The end is
The resin-based insulating material 42 is formed by stamping in the direction of approaching each other.
The contact protrusions are formed by the thickness of a, and the contacts are secured by pressing the conductors 41 and 42 toward the armature core 11 side while contacting these contact protrusions during assembly.

The contact portion may be joined by welding, brazing, soldering or the like. An upper conductor 20 and a lower conductor 21 are vertically inserted in pairs in each slot 12 of the armature core 11, and a radial outer end of each outer conductor 42 is welded to an end portion of the upper conductor 20. The radially outer end of the inner conductor 41 is welded to the end of the lower conductor 21. of course,
Instead of welding, brazing, soldering, pressure contact, etc. can also be adopted.

As a result, the single wave winding is completed. Of course, it is of course possible to adopt various other winding types such as lap winding. FIG. 3 shows an electrical connection diagram of the armature of the present invention, in which the solid line portion represents the upper conductor 20 and the broken line portion represents the lower conductor 21. Therefore, in the conventional motor, the connection wiring between the in-slot conductors of the armature coil 2 which is performed at the coil end of the armature coil is replaced by the substantially spiral curving of the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 in this embodiment. To be done. Of course, as shown in FIG. 4, the spiral directions of the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 are opposite to each other. Explaining further, the outer ends of the outer conductor 42 and the inner conductor 41, whose inner ends in the radial direction are connected to each other, are shifted in the circumferential direction by one front pitch. In addition, in this embodiment, the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 are each curved by about ½ front pitch, but the curved or bent shape can be freely designed, and the outer conductors 42 are arranged radially and The conductor 41 may be largely curved.

The resin-based insulating material 41a and the resin-based insulating material 42a are made of epoxy resin. Here, the outer conductor 42 and the inner conductor 41 are integrally formed by insert molding, and then an armature is formed with an adhesive. Although it is bonded to the right end surface of the iron core 11, they may be insulated and fixed by separate heat-resistant resin sheet materials. Further, in the insert molding, the armature core 11 can be integrally molded by inserting.

As is clear from the above description, according to this embodiment, it is considered that the coil ends on both sides of the armature coil 2 are converted into the inner conductors 41, so that the axial length of the armature is significantly reduced. However, the size and weight of the motor can be reduced. In addition, resin-based insulating materials 41a and 41b
Since the centrifugal force acts in the direction parallel to the contact interface between the conductors 41 and 42, the anti-centrifugal force performance of the commutator 4 can be improved. Further, the sliding contact area with the brush 71 can also be realized without increasing the physique. Furthermore, the resistance heat and frictional heat generated in the outer conductor 42 are well cooled by the inevitably generated centrifugal air flow, and are well absorbed by the large heat capacity armature core 11 through solid-state heat transfer. Star
It is especially suitable for electric motors for computers.

Further, since each of the armature conductors 20 and 21 constituting the armature coil 2 can be a linear conductor, even if the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor is a modified cross section (non-circular shape) matching the slot shape. , Unlike the conventional case, the coil end does not swell, the coil end of the armature conductor does not need to be accurately twisted, and the armature conductor is not bent, so the insulating film does not peel off. . That is, it is possible to realize a high output output and a reduction in resistance heat generation by improving the space factor while avoiding a complicated and troublesome winding process of the armature coil 2.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples in which the armature conductors 20 and 21 are modified according to the sectional shape of the slot 12.
22 is an insulating layer in the slot. Although the outer conductor 42 on the right side is the commutator piece in the above embodiment, a commutator having a commutator piece extending in the axial direction as usual can be used instead. (Embodiment 2) Another embodiment is shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, a projection 42c projecting in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the groove 42b between the adjacent outer conductors 42.
Is provided. The protrusion 42c is made of resin-based insulating material 42.
It is formed integrally with a and projects axially outward from the outer conductor 42. By doing so, the protrusion 42c serves as a centrifugal blade to generate a centrifugal air flow along the outer surface of the outer conductor 42, thereby enabling favorable cooling.

In FIG. 7, the concentric area surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line serves as a brush sliding contact surface, and the protrusion 42c does not interfere with the brush. (Embodiment 3) Another embodiment is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the conical protrusions 20 are provided on both ends of the armature conductors 20 and 21.
a and 21a are provided, while the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 4 are provided.
2, a conical hole 41 into which these conical protrusions 20a and 21a are fitted.
d and 42d are provided.

The resin-based insulating materials 41a and 42a are previously formed.
The commutator 4 combined by means of the above to form a semi-assembly is fitted to the end face of the armature core 11, and the conical protrusions 20a and 21a are formed.
Are inserted into the conical holes 41d and 42d. Conical protrusions 20a, 2
1a has a size larger than the conical holes 41d and 42d. In this way, when the semi-assembly is pressed against the right end surface of the armature core 11 by the pressing force in the axial direction, the conical protrusions 20a and 21a of the armature conductors 20 and 21 made of copper are the inner conductors made of hard copper. 41 and the conical hole 41d of the outer conductor 42,
It is plastically deformed within 42d and tightly coupled.

Of course, the connecting portion is formed in a pyramid shape, and various connecting portion shapes such as a rod shape, a taper shape, and a tubular shape are possible. Since the armature conductors 20 and 21 made of relatively soft copper and aluminum are plastically deformed as described above, the connection does not require high-temperature heating and is simple, and deterioration of the resin-based insulating materials 41a and 42a can be avoided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a commutator type rotary electric machine to which a first embodiment is applied.

FIG. 2 is a layout view of the outer conductor of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial wiring diagram of the armature coil of FIG.

4 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of armature coils and commutators of FIG. 1. FIG.

5 is an enlarged radial cross-sectional view showing an example of the armature conductor of FIG. 1. FIG.

6 is a radial enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of the armature conductor of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a layout view of outer conductors to which a second embodiment is applied.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged axial sectional view of a main part of a commutator type rotary electric machine to which the third embodiment is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference numeral 4 is a commutator, 10 is a rotating shaft, 11 is an armature core, 12 is a slot, 20 and 21 are armature coils, 41 is an inner conductor, 42 is an outer conductor, and 41a and 42a are resin-based insulating materials (insulators). , 71 is a brush.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] February 3, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Document name] Statement

Title: Commutator type rotating electric machine armature

[Claims]

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a commutator type rotating electric machine having a commutator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A commutator of an armature of a conventional commutator type rotating electric machine has a plurality of commutator pieces which are electrically insulated from a rotary shaft and are arranged circumferentially around the rotary shaft. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-194541 discloses that a brush contact portion extending axially outward is partially embedded in a surface portion of a molded resin cylinder (insulating material) fitted to a rotary shaft so that the molded resin cylinder is circumferentially arranged in the circumferential direction. The inner conductor, which is inclined and extends in the axial direction, is embedded, the outer riser portion is extended in the radial direction from one end of the brush contact portion, and the inner portion is electrically insulated from both between the outer riser portion and the armature core. Disclosed is a commutator piece formed by radially extending an inner riser portion from one end of a conductor. By doing so, the coil end can be omitted.

A surface type commutator in which commutator pieces are radially arranged in a radial direction is also known. In the surface type commutator, the commutator piece does not have to be carried on the outer peripheral portion of the mold resin cylinder, which is advantageous in high-speed rotation. Further, in a DC motor used for a starter for an automobile, there is a demand for reduction in size and weight , and in order to meet this demand, JP-A-61-240832 discloses a modified shape in which the cross-sectional shape of an armature conductor is matched with a slot shape. It is proposed to increase the space factor by using a cross section.

[0004]

In the automobile starter, there is a particular demand for downsizing because of its vehicle installation. As a means for downsizing, a speed reducer is used to reduce the speed, and the motor is rotated at a high speed to reduce the size. In such a high-speed commutator type rotary electric machine, an excessive centrifugal force acting on the coil end of the armature coil not held by the armature core becomes a problem.

Since the armature coil comes out of the slot of the core and enters the next slot, the coil end is bent in the circumferential direction while bulging in the axial direction by a predetermined pitch, and therefore has a considerable weight and axial length. Then, the armature core is once supported by the armature core and cannot withstand the large centrifugal force due to the high speed rotation. On the other hand, if the riser portion of the commutator piece disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-194541 is extended in the radial direction and directly connected to the armature conductor extending from the slot, the coil end can be omitted. The centrifugal force exerted on the commutator piece in which the mass and the radial length of the riser portion are remarkably increased is greatly increased.

According to the above-mentioned publication, the commutator piece is supported by being embedded in the surface portion of the molded resin cylinder and inside thereof in two steps. However, such a two-step embedding structure has a commutator formed by the molded resin tube. The supporting strength of the piece is reduced.
In addition, there is a problem that the mold resin cylinder cannot support the above-mentioned excessive centrifugal force of the commutator piece at the time of high speed rotation, and the commutator piece is separated from the mold resin cylinder. Further, the inner conductor embedded in the molded resin cylinder and extending in the axial direction turns and curves in place of the coil end, so that it is necessary to have a complicated shape and arrangement, and manufacture is not easy. Furthermore, the mold resin cylinder must accept the resistance heat generation of the armature conductor embedded in a large amount as compared with the conventional commutator in addition to the brush friction heat, and the heat resistance of the mold resin cylinder also becomes a problem. Moreover, the coil end on the non-commutator side remains the same, and in the end, it is not possible to expect high-speed rotation beyond the number of rotations that the coil end can withstand.

Further, in the above surface type commutator, the coil end itself is the same as the conventional one, and it is not a solution to the problem that the high speed rotation is restricted by the centrifugal force applied to the coil end. Further, in the surface type commutator, in order to bend the armature coil by a required pitch, the surface type commutator is arranged from the end surface of the armature core through the coil end accommodation space of the armature coil, and the brush is further provided outside thereof. Must be placed sideways, which increases the axial length of the motor, the physique, and the weight.

Further, as in the above-mentioned publication, when the space factor is improved by making the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor into a modified cross-section in conformity with the slot shape, the following problems occur, and for this reason, Such techniques have not been widely used. First, when an irregular cross section is given to the armature conductor, work hardening occurs, and when the irregular cross section becomes more difficult to bend, the coil end swells and the axial length of the motor increases accordingly. . Further, as compared with the case of a circular cross section, since it has to be always inserted into the slot in a fixed posture, it is necessary to accurately apply a predetermined twist at the coil end, which makes the processing complicated and troublesome. When inserting the armature conductor into the slot while bending the armature conductor, the corner portion of the armature conductor may be rubbed at the entrance of the slot or the like to cause insulation failure.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an armature of a commutator type rotary electric machine capable of high speed rotation, high output, and small size and light weight. There is.

[0010]

The armature of a commutator type rotary electric machine according to the present invention has an outer side extending along both end faces of an armature core and having radial outer ends connected to an armature coil. A conductor, and the outer conductor is interposed between the both end surfaces of the armature iron core and the outer conductor, and a radially inner end is connected to a radially inner end of the outer conductor, and a radially outer end. Is provided with an inner conductor connected to the armature coil, and an insulator electrically insulating the inner conductor from the armature core and the outer conductor.

In a preferred mode, the axially outer end surface of the outer conductor forms a brush sliding contact surface. In a preferred embodiment,
The armature coil has a cross-sectional shape that approximates the cross-sectional shape of the slot of the armature core .

[0012]

The outer conductor extends along both end faces of the armature core, and its radial outer end is connected to the armature coil. The inner conductor is individually provided along both end faces of the armature iron core between the both end faces and the outer conductor along the both end faces, and the radial inner end is connected to the radial inner end of the outer conductor,
The radially outer end is connected to the armature coil.

The outer conductor and the inner conductor are insulated from each other and from the armature core by an insulator. According to the present invention, the following operational effects are exhibited. First, since the coil ends on both sides can be omitted, high-speed rotation is not restricted by the centrifugal force resistance, and the axial length of the motor and the physique and weight can be reduced. Furthermore, since each armature conductor that constitutes the armature coil can be a linear conductor, the coil end swells even when the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor is a modified cross section (non-circular shape) that matches the slot shape. The axial length of the motor does not increase by that amount, there is no need to add a predetermined twist at the coil end, and the armature conductor is bent and inserted into the slot. It is also possible to prevent the insulating film between the child conductor and the slot from being damaged.

After all, the output of the armature coil is increased by increasing the space factor while avoiding the complicated and troublesome winding process of the armature coil.
Reduction of resistance heat generation can be realized. In a preferred aspect, an axial outer end surface of the outer conductor forms a brush sliding contact surface. By doing this, it is not necessary to carry the commutator piece by the surface portion of the molded resin cylinder as in the conventional case, and
Since the molding resin cylinder itself is not required, high-speed rotation and high output are not restricted by the thermal and mechanical loads of the conventional molding resin cylinder, and the omission of the molding resin cylinder results in the axial direction of the motor. The length, physique and weight can be reduced. Furthermore, the frictional heat generated by the brush is generated in the outer conductor,
This outer conductor can be well cooled by the air flow generated in the centrifugal direction along its surface and is also temporarily well absorbed by the armature core with a large heat capacity,
The commutator does not limit the heat resistant temperature of the motor.
Yes. In addition to the commutator with which a normal brush slides,
Brush the axially outer end surface of the outer conductor on the opposite side of the armature core.
Since it can be used as a contact surface, the performance of the motor can be changed.
Auxiliary brush to install the
It is also possible to take out the issue.

In a preferred mode, each armature conductor of the armature coil has a cross sectional shape that approximates the cross sectional shape of the slot. In this way, the best space factor can be achieved.

[0016]

EXAMPLE 1 An example in which the present invention is applied to a DC motor of a starter for an automobile is shown in FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an axial sectional view of this motor. An armature core 11 formed by laminating a plurality of disc-shaped steel plates is fitted in the substantially central portion of the rotating shaft 10, and a plurality of slots 12 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the armature core 11, and the inside thereof is formed. The armature conductors 20 and 21 of the armature coil 2 are wound on the upper and lower sides in two stages. Less than,
20 is also called an upper conductor and 21 is also called a lower conductor. A commutator portion 4 described below is formed on the right end surface of the armature core 11 to form an armature (rotor) of the electric motor. In addition, 13 is
A gear provided on the rotating shaft 10 is a speed reducer (not shown).
Rotates by meshing with the gear of the structure (for example, planetary gear reduction mechanism)
The rotation of the shaft 10 is transmitted to the gear (not shown). Both ends of the rotary shaft 10 have a bearing 61 attached to the end frame 60 of the electric motor and a bearing 62 attached to another member (not shown).
The end frame 60 shields the opening of the yoke 50 made of a cylindrical steel plate. On the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 50, four magnetic pole cores 52 around which a field coil 51 is wound are arranged close to the periphery of the armature core 11, and nine magnetic cores 52 are arranged in the circumferential direction.
The yoke 50, the field coil 51, and the magnetic pole core 52 are fixed at a distance of 0 degrees and form a stator.

A brush holder 70 is attached to the end frame 60.
Is fixed, and a brush 71 is held inside thereof so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The spring 72 provided in the brush holder 70 presses the brush 71 against a commutator piece (outer conductor) 42 of the commutator 4 described later.
In this embodiment, the winding field type DC motor is explained, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a magnet field type DC motor for generating a field magnetic field by a permanent magnet, and further other AC. It is obvious that it can also be applied to a commutator motor.

Next, the commutator 4 and the armature coil 2 will be described in more detail. Inner conductors 41 are fixed to both end surfaces of the armature core 11 with a resin-based insulating material 41a interposed therebetween.
Further, the outer conductors 42 are fixed to the surfaces of the inner conductors 41 on both sides with the resin-based insulating material 42a interposed therebetween. The resin-based insulating material 41a on the right side of the armature core 11, the inner conductor 41,
The resin-based insulating material 42a and the outer conductor 42 constitute the commutator 4 that also serves as a coil end, and the resin-based insulating material 41a on the left side of the armature core 11, the inner conductor 41, and the resin-based insulating material 4 are provided.
The 2a and the outer conductor 42 simply constitute a coil end, and the resin-based insulating material 41a and the resin-based insulating material 42a constitute an insulator in the present invention.

The inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 on both sides are spirally arranged in the axial direction. Figure 2
The arrangement state of the outer conductor 42 is shown in FIG. 42b is a groove between adjacent outer conductors 42. The inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 are formed by stamping a copper plate, but can be manufactured by another manufacturing method. Therefore, the outer conductor 42 extending along the right end surface of the armature core 11 forms a commutator piece, and its axial outer end surface forms a brush sliding contact surface.
The inner conductor 41 is provided radially outward between the armature core 11 and the outer conductor 42. Then, the radial inner end of each outer conductor 42 and the radial inner end of each inner conductor 41 are individually electrically connected (in this embodiment, the outer conductor 42 and the inner conductor 41 each have a radial inner end). The end is
The resin-based insulating material 42 is formed by stamping in the direction of approaching each other
The contact protrusions are formed by the thickness of a, and the contacts are secured by pressing the conductors 41 and 42 toward the armature core 11 side while contacting these contact protrusions during assembly.

The contact portion may be joined by welding, brazing, soldering or the like. An upper conductor 20 and a lower conductor 21 are vertically inserted in pairs in each slot 12 of the armature core 11, and a radial outer end of each outer conductor 42 is welded to an end portion of the upper conductor 20. The radially outer end of the inner conductor 41 is welded to the end of the lower conductor 21. The upper side
The conductor 20 and the lower conductor 21 are also collectively referred to as armature coils.
It Of course, instead of welding, brazing, soldering, pressing contact or the like can be adopted.

As a result, the single wave winding is completed. Of course, it is of course possible to adopt various other winding types such as lap winding. FIG. 3 shows an electrical connection diagram of the armature of the present invention, in which the solid line portion represents the upper conductor 20 and the broken line portion represents the lower conductor 21, and x represents the reverse of the commutator 4.
Upper side (armature coil) 20 and lower side connected on opposite sides
A bag composed of a pitch between the conductor (armature coil) 21
The pitch. Y is the upper conductor connected on the commutator 4 side.
Body (armature coil) 20 and lower conductor (armature coil) 2
It is a front pitch consisting of a pitch between 1. Therefore, in the conventional motor, at the coil end of the armature coil
The connection between the conductors in the slots of the armature coil 2 is made by the coil itself.
This is shown in FIG. 4 in this embodiment.
A substantially spiral bay of the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42
It is replaced by a song. And the inner conductor 41 and the outer side
The spiral directions of the conductors 42 are opposite. In Figure 4, the diameter
The inner end in the direction is shown connected to the inner end in the radial direction of the inner conductor 41.
The outer conductor 42 is a conductor forming the commutator.
is there. Outside of the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 in the radial direction
Pitch between the armature coils 20 and 21 connected to the ends
Is the front pitch Y shown in FIG. On the side of this commutator
Positioned on the side opposite to the commutator with respect to the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42.
The inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 42 to be placed are also not shown in the figure.
However, for each outer conductor and inner conductor,
Mukaiuchi end comrades are connected. These inner conductors 41 and
An armature carp connected to the radially outer end of the outer conductor 42.
The pitch between the rulers 20 and 21 is the back pitch shown in FIG.
It In this embodiment, the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor
42 is curved by about 1/2 front pitch, respectively.
However, the curved or bent shape is free to design, and
The side conductors 42 are arranged radially and the inner conductor 41 is largely
You may make me tune.

The resin-based insulating material 41a and the resin-based insulating material 42a are made of epoxy resin. Here, the outer conductor 42 and the inner conductor 41 are integrally formed by insert molding, and then an armature is formed with an adhesive. Although it is bonded to the right end surface of the iron core 11, they may be insulated and fixed by separate heat-resistant resin sheet materials. Further, in the insert molding, the armature core 11 can be integrally molded by inserting.

As is clear from the above description, according to this embodiment, it is considered that the coil ends on both sides of the armature coil 2 are converted into the inner conductors 41, so that the axial length of the armature is significantly reduced. However, the size and weight of the motor can be reduced. In addition, resin-based insulating materials 41a and 41b
Since the centrifugal force acts in the direction parallel to the contact interface between the conductors 41 and 42, the anti-centrifugal force performance of the commutator 4 can be improved. Further, the sliding contact area with the brush 71 can also be realized without increasing the physique. Furthermore, the resistance heat and frictional heat generated in the outer conductor 42 are well cooled by the inevitably generated centrifugal air flow, and are well absorbed by the large heat capacity armature core 11 through solid-state heat transfer. Suitable for electric motors. In particular, a reduction mechanism is adopted to drive the electric motor.
The effect is immense when the size is reduced and the speed is increased.

Further, since each of the armature conductors 20 and 21 constituting the armature coil 2 can be a linear conductor, even if the cross-sectional shape of the armature conductor is a modified cross section (non-circular shape) matching the slot shape. , Unlike the conventional case, the coil end does not swell, the coil end of the armature conductor does not need to be accurately twisted, and the armature conductor is not bent, so the insulating film does not peel off. . That is, it is possible to realize a high output and a reduction in resistance heat generation by improving the space factor while avoiding a complicated and troublesome winding process of the armature coil 2. In a preferred embodiment,
Each outer conductor 42 and each inner conductor 41 has one front pick.
Electrically connect the armature coils 20 and 21 separated by
ing. In a preferred embodiment, each outer conductor and each inner conductor
The body is electrically connected between armature coils separated by one back pitch.
Connected to. In this way, the conventional armature coil
For one front pitch and one done at the coil end of
Axial electrical connection of armature coils separated by back pitch
It can be extremely short.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples in which the armature conductors 20 and 21 are modified according to the sectional shape of the slot 12.
22 is an insulating layer in the slot. Although the outer conductor 42 on the right side is the commutator piece in the above embodiment, a commutator having a commutator piece extending in the axial direction as usual can be used instead. (Embodiment 2) Another embodiment is shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, a projection 42c projecting in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the groove 42b between the adjacent outer conductors 42.
Is provided. The protrusion 42c is made of resin-based insulating material 42.
It is formed integrally with a and projects axially outward from the outer conductor 42. By doing so, the protrusion 42c serves as a centrifugal blade to generate a centrifugal air flow along the outer surface of the outer conductor 42, thereby enabling favorable cooling.

In FIG. 7, the concentric area surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line serves as a brush sliding contact surface, and the protrusion 42c does not interfere with the brush. (Embodiment 3) Another embodiment is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the conical protrusions 20 are provided on both ends of the armature conductors 20 and 21.
a and 21a are provided, while the inner conductor 41 and the outer conductor 4 are provided.
2, a conical hole 41 into which these conical protrusions 20a and 21a are fitted.
d and 42d are provided.

The resin-based insulating materials 41a and 42a are previously formed.
The commutator 4 combined by means of the above to form a semi-assembly is fitted to the end face of the armature core 11, and the conical protrusions 20a and 21a are formed.
Are inserted into the conical holes 41d and 42d. Conical protrusions 20a, 2
1a has a size larger than the conical holes 41d and 42d. In this way, when the semi-assembly is pressed against the right end surface of the armature core 11 by the pressing force in the axial direction, the conical protrusions 20a and 21a of the armature conductors 20 and 21 made of copper are the inner conductors made of hard copper. 41 and the conical hole 41d of the outer conductor 42,
It is plastically deformed within 42d and tightly coupled.

Of course, the connecting portion is formed in a pyramid shape, and various connecting portion shapes such as a rod shape, a taper shape, and a tubular shape are possible. Since the armature conductors 20 and 21 made of relatively soft copper and aluminum are plastically deformed as described above, the connection does not require high-temperature heating and is simple, and deterioration of the resin-based insulating materials 41a and 42a can be avoided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a commutator type rotary electric machine to which a first embodiment is applied.

FIG. 2 is a layout view of the outer conductor of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial wiring diagram of the armature coil of FIG.

4 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of armature coils and commutators of FIG. 1. FIG.

5 is an enlarged radial cross-sectional view showing an example of the armature conductor of FIG. 1. FIG.

6 is a radial enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of the armature conductor of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a layout view of outer conductors to which a second embodiment is applied.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged axial sectional view of a main part of a commutator type rotary electric machine to which the third embodiment is applied.

[Description of Reference Signs] 4 Commutator, 10 Rotating Shaft, 11 Armature Iron Core, 12 Slot, 20 and 21 Armature Coil, 41 Inner Conductor, 42 Outer Conductor, 41a, 42a Resin Insulation Material (insulator), 71 is a brush. ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] February 3, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 1

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 1]

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 3]

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An outer conductor extending along both end faces of an armature core, the outer ends in the radial direction being connected to an armature coil, and the both end faces of the armature core and the outer conductor. An inner conductor, which is provided along the both end faces between, an inner end in the radial direction is connected to an inner end in the radial direction of the outer conductor, and an outer end in the radial direction is connected to the armature coil; An armature for a commutator type rotating electric machine, comprising: an insulator electrically insulating from the armature core and the outer conductor. 2. The armature for a commutator type rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein an outer end surface in the axial direction of the outer conductor on the brush side forms a brush sliding contact surface. 3. The armature for a commutator type rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature coil has a cross-sectional shape that is similar to the cross-sectional shape of the slot. 4. The armature for a commutator type electric rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein at least one of each of the outer conductors and each of the inner conductors is formed in a spiral shape.