JPH07114607B2 - How to grow almond trees - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a complete almond tree by rooting from stems and leaves that have been grown using the technique of plant tissue culture or stems and leaves collected from an adult tree. is there.

Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention Almonds (hereinafter, almonds refer to seeds of almond trees unless otherwise specified) have a high nutritional value, and thus the seeds themselves are used as food or as a raw material for confectionery and foods. It is an important seed that is widely used as a raw material. The annual production of more than 400,000 tons in the world, it is the largest amount of nuts. Moreover, since the consumption of almonds is increasing year by year, it is extremely important and urgent to grow and grow almond trees that have good taste and high production.

In recent years, mass production of almond trees has been planned by utilizing plant tissue culture. By the way, generally, in annual plants such as tobacco and carrot, which are the target of plant tissue culture, they are easily differentiated from callus to foliage, and even if rooting is not sufficient, they grow easily if planted in soil or the like. To do. However, the almond tree is a perennial tree, has a slow growth rate, is easily affected by environmental microorganisms, and tends to die when transplanted to soil or the like with insufficient root growth. Therefore, mass growth by plant tissue culture has not been practically used at all.

As a result of various studies on the rooting of the leaves and stems of almond trees, the present inventors promoted rooting by auxin treatment, and then,
We developed a method of rooting in two stages, which is to complete rooting by hydroponics.

That is, the present invention relates to an efficient method for producing almond seedlings, and more particularly to a method for rooting seedlings in soil or the like. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

Means for Solving the Problem The stems and leaves used in the present invention may be stems and leaves differentiated from callus or tissue pieces of almonds and almond trees, or stems and leaves collected from branches of mature almond trees. These leaves are aseptically immersed in an IAA, NAA, IBA or alpha-naphthylacetamide solution having a concentration of about 20 μM to 100 mM for about 1 to 600 seconds. Especially, about 1 to 20 mM concentration of IBA
It is advisable to soak for about 5 seconds. After soaking, the foliage is cultivated on a hormone-free agar medium to promote rooting. The medium and culture conditions used at this time are those used for ordinary plant tissue culture and are not special. That is, the medium is MS, L
Use S, SH, B 5 medium or the like or a modified version of these, culture temperature is 15-35 ℃, light illuminance is dark or 2000 lu.
About x is enough. Rooting is visually observed, and it is determined that rooting reaches a root length of approximately 1 mm.
When rooting is confirmed, it is then transferred to hydroponics. It is not necessary to be aseptic at the stage after hydroponics, and it can be performed in a normal environment. The conditions for hydroponics are normal and not special. Hoagland & culture solution
Snyder's medium or Hoagland &Arnon's medium, with some modifications, are sufficient. Culture temperature is 15 ~
It is enough that the temperature is 35 ° C and the light intensity is dark or about 2000 lux. Hydroponic cultivation under such conditions further promotes rooting and root hair development. After 1 to 3 weeks, the length of the main root is 3 to 5 cm, and the root or a root close to it is 2 to 3
When fully grown, the plant can be obtained by transferring to soil or performing normal cultivation such as hydroponic cultivation.

Action Aseptically remove the leaves of almond trees at a concentration of about 20 μM to 100 mM I
Immersion in AA, NAA, IBA, or alpha-naphthylacetamide solution for about 1 to 600 seconds to promote rooting, and then hydroponic cultivation to complete rooting. By this method, stable rooting is performed from the foliage of the almond tree, and the almond tree is grown into a perfect almond tree. However, as the concentration of IAA, NAA, IBA, or alpha-naphthylacetamide solution was higher than the normal action concentration, and as the soaking time was longer than the normal action time, the foliage tended to be callus or necrotic. Become. Also, IAA, NAA, IBA or alpha naphthyl acetamide solution is usually used
Rooting did not occur even if the rooting treatment was performed in an agar medium for less than 15 μM for 2 to 4 weeks.

Table 1 shows the rooting rate after soaking almond foliage in each concentration of IBM for about 5 seconds. Table 2 shows the survival rate on the soil after transferring the almond foliage having the main roots of each length to the soil. If the length of the main root is more than 2 cm, the survival rate is significantly improved, while if it is less than 1 cm, the survival rate is very low. Therefore, it is practical to use the one whose main root length is 2 cm or more.

Table 1 IBA concentration and rooting rate IBA concentration (mM) Rooting rate (%) 0.01 <5 0.02 30 0.1 50 1 80 20 70 100 30 Table 2 Main root development and rooting rate Test area Main root length (cm) rooting Rate (%) 1 to 0.5 <52 to 1.0 <10 3 to 2.0 40 4 to 3.0 80 5 to 5.0 90 6 5.0 to 100 Test plots 1 to 6 are hydroponic and then transplanted to soil. . In addition, the length of the main root is approximately
There was no other way to grow it above 1 cm.

With the constitution of the present invention, for the first time, a root having a length of about 1 cm or more was obtained.

Examples Example 1 Almonds (Prunus amygdalus cv. Nonpareil seeds)
When the foliage differentiated from the hypocotyl section was cultured on the modified MS agar medium without hormone (Table 3) for about 30 days,
It grew on 2 cm foliage. The foliage was soaked in 1 mM IBA for about 5 seconds and then cultured on a modified MS agar medium containing no hormone for about 30 days, and the rooting rate of the foliage was about 80%. Fifty of the 100 rooted stems and leaves were hydroponically cultivated on the hydroponic solution shown in Table 4 at 25 ° C. for 14 days under irradiation with 2000 lux for 16 hours and under a repeated light condition of 8 hours in the dark. Forty-seven leaves with fully developed main and lateral roots were obtained. When transplanted to Kanuma soil and soil containing peat moss, 47 strains grew into excellent almond seedlings.

On the other hand, when the rooted foliage was transplanted to soil without hydroponics, 47 of 50 plants died and the remaining seedlings were significantly inferior to the former in growth.

Table 3 modified MS Composition of agar medium _{(mg / l) KNO 3 475.0} NH 4 NO 3 412.5 MgSO 4 .7H 2 92.5 KH 2 PO 4 85.0 CaCl 2 .2H 2 O 220.0 MnSO 4 · 4H 2 O 11.15 ZnSO 4 .7H _{2 O 4.30 H 3 BO 3 3.10} CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.05 Na 2 MoO 2 .2H 2 O 0.125 Fe.EDTA 21.0 myo-Inositol 100.0 Thiamine.HCI 10.0 Pyridoxine.HCI 1.0 nicotinic acid 1.0 sucrose 30000 agar 9000 (pH5. 7 adjusted to ± 0.1) table 4 hydroponic solution tissues (mg / l) Ca (NO 3) 2 .4H 2 O 472.3 KCI 43.0 KH 2 PO 4 38.0 MnCI 2 .4H 2 O 0.6 MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 246.0 Fe.EDTA 10.5 (adjusted to pH 6.2 ± 0.1) Example 2 Stem leaves of an almond tree (Prunus amygdalus cv.Neplus) grown in a modified MS agar medium (Table 3) supplemented with BA 5 μM were aseptically prepared. The stem was cut to a length of 1 to 2 cm, and the cut surface of the stem was immersed in 1 mM IBA for about 5 seconds. The foliage was inoculated into a 100 ml culture flask containing 20 ml of a modified MS agar medium containing no hormone (Table 3), and the culturing was performed at 25 ° C. for 10 days at 2000 lux at 1 lux.
The cells were cultured under the light conditions of irradiation for 6 hours and darkness for 8 hours. The rooting rate from the cut surface of the foliage was about 80%. From the culture flask, 40 completely rooted strains were taken out, and 20 of them were transferred directly to the soil, and none of them survived. On the other hand, the other 20 strains were hydroponically cultivated on the hydroponic liquid in Table 4 under the same conditions as above. After 2 weeks, the main roots (3 to 5 cm) and the foliage with well-developed root hairs were transferred to soil, and the rooted foliage was 100% regenerated as a complete plant.

Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, stable rooting can be performed from the foliage of an almond tree, which has been extremely difficult in the past, and it can be grown into a complete almond tree, which facilitates mass growth.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-51-118630 (JP, A) JP-A-62-83823 (JP, A) JP-A-64-85016 (JP, A) Ryoso Tanaka "Clone plant Practical technology of mass production "CMC Co., Ltd., December 25, 1985, p. 114 ~ 117

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A foliage of an almond tree (Prunus amygdalus) is immersed in an IAA, NAA, IBA or alpha-naphthylacetamide solution having a concentration of about 20 μM to 100 mM for about 1 to 600 seconds,
A method for growing almond trees, which comprises culturing and growing the resulting roots by hydroponics. 2. The method for growing an almond tree according to claim 1, wherein the almond tree is immersed in IBA having a concentration of about 1 to 20 mM for about 5 seconds. 3. The foliage of an almond tree (Prunus amygdalus) is dipped in an IAA, NAA, IBA or alpha-naphthylacetamide solution having a concentration of about 20 μM to 100 mM for about 1 to 600 seconds,
A method for growing an almond tree, which comprises culturing, growing the resulting roots by hydroponics, and cultivating the roots grown to have a length of 5 cm or more in soil by a conventional method.