JPH07110833A - Method for inventory management - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To remove an opportunity loss to be a stockout loss and a practical loss such that a commodity left unsold should be disused or should be sharply reduced at its price next day by adjusting the proper inventory amount of each article to hold it at a fixed value. CONSTITUTION:This inventory management method includes a step S502 for predicting the sales units of each article from optional time up to closing time in every day from a sales unit constitution ratio to be the ratio of the sales units of each article from opening time up to optional time each day to the sales units of the article from the optional time up to closing time, the predicted number of sales units from the opening time up to the closing time, and the number of practically sales units of the article from the opening time up to the optional time and a step S504 for determining the number of predicted units of each article to be the number of stockout of the article from the optional time up to the closing time so as to hold the inverntories of each article at a fixed value. Consequently a practical loss to be disuse due to the generation of the remainders of each article and an opportunity loss due to the stockout of each article can be removed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an inventory management method,
In particular, the present invention relates to a technology effectively applied to inventory management technology that keeps the inventory quantity of products constant and eliminates opportunity loss.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Regarding conventional inventory management, for example, "quantity management in the future (P.87-P.103)" (by Masaharu Yabushita and Tatsuo Mori, Practical Education Publishing, first edition issued November 10, 1945) According to the above, even if the sales volume of a certain product is predicted as in the graph shown in FIG. 6, the product may be over-sold and may be out of stock or may not be sold and may be left over.

Therefore, when there are not enough products, an opportunity loss, which is a loss due to the out-of-stock 61, occurs, and in order to prevent this out-of-stock, the minimum stock amount, which is the safety stock amount, is derived by a calculation formula, and as shown in the graph of FIG. It is considered that the opportunity amount is eliminated by setting the inventory amount 71.

In order to determine the order quantity of a product, it is possible to use a value obtained by subtracting the stock quantity not including the minimum stock quantity from the sales forecast quantity of the product.

[0005]

However, in the prior art as described above, it is taken into consideration that the minimum inventory amount is set for each product and the opportunity loss of out-of-stock loss is prevented. Since the idea was to sell the surplus products the next day, no consideration has been given to the unsold items, which is the reverse of out-of-stock items, and the fruits and vegetables that must be sold out on the day they arrive at the store. However, fresh food products such as fresh fish and meat that do not last long, and daily products such as milk and tofu, etc., have the problem that they must be discarded when they are unsold.

[0006] Further, when the unsold product is also sold on the next day, the price must be greatly reduced, which causes a problem that the profit is reduced.

Further, when selling the unsold goods also on the next day, it is necessary to reduce the price, so that the work of sticking the price tag for making the price low occurs, and the work which does not have to be normally done becomes necessary. It also leads to a waste of labor.

If a large amount of products that do not last long are left until the next day, it will give the consumer a bad image of selling the products dated on the previous day to the consumer, and the trust of the store will be increased. There is a problem of damage.

Although the minimum stock amount has been set, no consideration has been given to keeping the stock amount constant when the store is closed. If a product that is unsold in excess of the minimum stock amount is sold on the next day, too. Since the products that are received on the same day are displayed in the sales floor, the same products with different dates are displayed in the sales floor.

Therefore, the consumer purchases a new dated product, and the old dated product remains. Therefore, as a store, it is necessary to significantly reduce the prices of old dated products, make highly accurate sales forecasts, and (order quantity) = {(sales forecast quantity)-(stock quantity that does not include the minimum stock quantity) )} Is set, there is a problem that the sales volume fluctuates and the sales result is different from the sales forecast.

Further, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to control the stock quantity and forecast sales at a later date due to the fluctuation in sales for one day. As shown in FIG. 8, the unsold portion 82 is generated on the second day of a certain product, and the inventory amount is the minimum inventory amount 8
It occurs when it becomes 1 or more.

[0012] Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to adjust the inventory quantity of each product so as to be close to the minimum inventory quantity when the store is closed and to keep the inventory quantity constant. It is to provide an inventory management method that improves where profits have to be reduced or must be reduced significantly the next day.

A second object of the present invention is to provide an inventory management method which eliminates the unsold portion and enables merchandise on the day of arrival at the store to be lined up at the sales floor in the store.

Further, a third object of the present invention is to minimize the amount of stock of the entire product and make it constant so as to increase the size of the backyard, which is a pre-package of fresh food and a product stock room in the rear part of the store. An object of the present invention is to provide an inventory management method that can be set to the minimum for the store scale.

A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an inventory management method capable of standardizing work by setting the quantity of work for taking out each product from the backyard, which is a store business, to the in-store sales floor. To do.

Further, a fifth object of the present invention is to minimize the sales volume of unsold products on the next day, eliminate fluctuations in the sales volume on the day, and realize proper ordering linked to accurate sales forecast. To provide a management method.

The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

[0018]

Of the inventions disclosed in the present application, a representative one will be briefly described below.
It is as follows.

That is, the inventory management method of the present invention is an inventory management method for managing proper inventory in a store to eliminate a substantial loss of discarding each commodity from the unsold portion and an opportunity loss due to an out-of-stock of each commodity. Therefore, the sales number composition ratio, which is the ratio of the number of sales of each product from the daily opening to any time and the number of sales of each product from any time to closing, and from the opening of each product A step of predicting the number of sales of each product from the arbitrary time to the closing of the store based on the sales forecast amount until the closing of the product and the number of actual sales from the opening of the respective product to the arbitrary time, and the stock amount of each product So as to keep the value constant, the step of determining the number of closeouts, which is the quantity of each product sold out from an arbitrary time to the closing of the store, is determined.

[0020]

In other words, according to the above inventory management method, the number of purchases of each product, the composition ratio of the number of sales at any time between the opening of the store and the closing of the store, and the number of actual sales at the arbitrary time from the opening of the store Predict the number of sales of each product until the store is closed, and determine the number of closeouts, which is the quantity to sell each product until the store is closed, so as to keep the inventory of each product constant, and discard from the unsold portion of each product. Sales and profits can be maximized by eliminating the substantial loss caused by the loss and the opportunity loss due to the out-of-stock of each product.

Further, by adjusting the minimum stock quantity of each product so as to be kept constant every day, there will be no unsold stock, and the products can always be lined up in the sales floor in the store on the day when they arrive at the store.

Further, since the stock amount of the entire product is the minimum and constant, it is possible to set the day-to-day output amount of each product from the backyard, which is a store operation, to the in-store sales floor, and to realize the standardization of the work. It is possible to make an optimal work plan.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an inventory management system to which an inventory management method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 shows a product code inventory control table of a storage unit of the inventory management system in this embodiment. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing a sales composition ratio table of the storage unit of the inventory management system in the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the inventory amount of the product at the time of opening the store, the predicted sales amount of the product, and the actual sales value in the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the method, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a method for controlling the inventory quantity of each product at the time of closing in the inventory management system of this embodiment.

First, the configuration of the inventory management system of this embodiment will be described.

The inventory management system of this embodiment is an inventory management system for managing proper inventory in a store in order to eliminate the substantial loss of each product from the unsold portion and the loss of opportunity due to the out-of-stock of each product. There
Control unit 11 for controlling computation, communication and data storage
A storage unit 13 that holds a product code inventory control table and a sales quantity composition ratio table; and a communication unit 14 that transmits and receives sales data and the like. Data is transmitted to and received from the POS terminal 15.

FIG. 2 shows a product code inventory control table 20 showing the proper inventory amount at the time of store closing, the actual inventory amount at the time of store closing, and the sales number composition ratio table number for the product code in the storage unit 13 of the inventory management system.

Generally, the commodity code inventory control table 20
In n-th upper, A _n is product code, the proper amount of stock during closing of B _n is product code (A _n) (constant inventory or minimum stock quantity), b _n when closing the commodity code (A _n) Is the actual inventory amount (that is, the unsold amount on the previous day), and m is the sales number composition ratio table number linked to the product code (A _n ). (However, n = 1,2,3, ..., k, ...; m = 1,2,3, ..., k, ...) Storage unit of inventory management system Table 21 of the sales number composition ratio at 16:00 according to the day of the week for the product code in 13
Is shown in FIG.

[0029] Here, indicates the sales number Ratio table 21 in the day of week time 16 o'clock link number (m) for the product code _{(A n), E i [} i is E ₁ to E ₇ =
1 (Sun), 2 (Mon), 3 (Tue), 4 (Wed), 5 (Thurs),
6 (Fri), 7 (Sat)] is the product code (A _n ) for the day i
Forecasted sales amount of e _i, which is e _{1 to} e ₇ [i = 1 (day),
2 (Mon), 3 (Tue), 4 (Wed), 5 (Thurs), 6 (Fri),
7 (Saturday)] is the time 16 of the product code (A _n ) on the day i
It is the composition ratio of the number of sales at that time.

This sales number composition ratio is an average value from a database of sales number information, weather information, event information inside and outside the store, and store location conditions for each product in units of time from the opening to closing of the year. To take. Further, the time of the sales number composition ratio is set before the peak time of the number of customers visiting the store where each item is not out of stock.

Inventory quantity of the product code (A _n ) at the time of opening of the i-th day of the week, sales composition ratio at 16:00, and time 1 from the opening of the store.
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the actual sales value up to 6:00 and the predicted sales value from 16:00 to closing.

Reference numeral 41 is the actual inventory quantity (b _n ) at the time of closing, which is the unsold portion of the commodity code (A _n ) on the previous day, and 42 is the predicted sales quantity (E _i ) of the commodity code (A _n ) on the day _i .

That is, the sum “b _n + E _i ” of the actual inventory amount at closing (b _n ) 41 and the predicted sales amount (E _i ) 42 is the inventory amount at opening. 43 is the composition ratio of the number of sales (e _i ) from the opening of the product code (A _n ) on day i until 16:00 (however,
0 ≦ e _i ≦ 1), 44 is the sales number composition ratio (1-e _i ) from the product code (A _n ) of the i day of the week until 16:00. 45 sales record value at 16 o'clock product code (A _n), 46 sales predicted value until closing at 16 o'clock product code (A _n), 47 is a parting speed of 16 o'clock product code (A _n), 48 is an appropriate stock amount of the product code (A _n ) when the store is closed.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

In the inventory management system of this embodiment, the sales record value 45 at 16:00 on the i day of the product code (A _n ) is 45.
And a method of predicting the number of sales, determining the number of product closeouts, controlling the proper inventory amount 48 at the time of closing, and appropriately managing the inventory from the sales number composition ratio 43 from the opening to 16:00. This will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 5 and FIG.

The actual sales value 45 at 16:00 of the product code (A _n ) is U ₁₆ .

First, the inventory management system receives the sales performance value 45 of the product code (A _n ) at 16:00 from the POS terminal 15 installed in the store floor by the communication unit 14 of the inventory management system and collects it. (S501).

Next, in the inventory management system, the calculation unit 12 in the control unit 11 causes the product code (A
_From the sales number composition ratio table number (m) of the commodity code inventory control table 20 for _n ), the sales number composition ratio 43 (e _i ) from the opening of the i day to 16:00 and step S501
A sales forecast value 46 until the store is closed at 16:00 is calculated based on the sales actual value collected in (S502).

That is, in the product code (A _n ) (sales actual value 45 at 16:00) = (U ₁₆ ) (sales number composition ratio 43 from opening to 16:00) = e _i (sales from 16:00 to closing Number composition ratio 44) = (1-e
_i ) and, (sales forecast value until closing at 16:00 46) = {U ₁₆
(1-e _i ) / e _i }.

Next, inventory management system, the computing section 12 in the control unit 11, sales of until closing at 16 o'clock product code (A _n) of 16 actual sales value 45 and product code in time (A _n) obtains the difference between the optimum inventory quantity 48 during closing of the sum and product code inventory during opening of (a _n) and product code (a _n) between the predicted value 46, comparing the respective (S503).

[0041] Then, the sum of the sales predicted value 46 until closing at 16 o'clock in the product code (A _n) of the 16 actual sales value of 45 and the product code in time (A _n), opening of the product code (A _n) When the difference between the current inventory quantity and the appropriate inventory quantity 48 of the product code (A _n ) at the time of closing is smaller than the difference, the calculation unit 12 in the control unit 11 of the inventory management system calculates the difference as the product code (A _n ). The number of closeouts at 16:00 is set as 47 (S504). On the other hand, if it is large, it is determined that the appropriate sales have been made, and the processing is terminated without determining the number of closeouts 47 at 16:00.

Further, the communication unit 14 of the inventory management system
Indicates the close-up price of the product code (A _n ) to the POS terminal 15
To (S505).

That is, in the product code (A _n ), (sales actual value 45 at 16:00) + (sales forecast value 46 until closing at 16:00) = (U ₁₆ ) + {U ₁₆ (1-e _i ) / e _i } (inventory quantity at opening) = (b _n + E _i ) (appropriate inventory quantity at closing 48) = (B _n ), and therefore (number of cut-offs at 16:00 of product code (A _n ) 47) = {(B _n + E _i )-(B _n )}-[(U ₁₆ ) + {U ₁₆
(1-e _i ) / e _i }].

In this way, the closing time of each product is set at 16:00 at the peak time of the visitor, the number of closings of each product is determined, and the closing price is set, whereby the inventory amount at the time of closing the store is set. It is possible to perform control so as to approach the appropriate inventory amount 48. Further, the closing times of the respective products may not be the same time.

Further, regarding the setting of the close-up price of each product, the sales number information for each product in a time unit from the opening of the product to the closing of the product for a year and 1 for the list price of each product are set.
Set the number of sales when the price is reduced by 0 yen, weather, in-store / outside event information, store location conditions, etc. from a database.

Therefore, according to the inventory management method of this embodiment, the sales number composition ratio, which is the ratio of the number of sales from the opening of a product to an arbitrary time and the sales from an arbitrary time to the closing of a product, By predicting the number of sales from the opening of a product to the closing of a store, the sales volume from the opening of a product to the closing of a store is predicted, and the number of closeouts is determined. Loss and opportunity loss due to out of stock can be eliminated.

Although the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.

For example, in the above embodiment, one closing time for each product was set, but it is also widely applicable to set a plurality of closing times for each product to correct the number of closings. . This is the sales ratio table 2
This can be done by setting a plurality of closing times and sales composition ratios to 1. Further, the setting of the number of closeouts of each product at each time is the same as that in the above embodiment.

Further, a host computer is placed to manage a plurality of stores, the inventory management system of the above-mentioned embodiment is introduced into the host computer, and a plurality of stores are connected by a network such as LAN, and the stores are connected. The present invention is also widely applicable to the case where the sales and inventory amount information of a product is transmitted from a plurality of stores and the inventory management is performed based on the information.

[0050]

The effects obtained by the typical ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows.
It is as follows.

(1). In a retail store, the number of closeouts, which is the quantity sold until closing, is determined so that the stock amount of each product at the time of closing closes to the minimum stock amount and keeps constant. Appropriate inventory can be managed by eliminating the substantial loss of waste due to unsold items and the opportunity loss due to product shortage.

(2). Appropriate inventory can be managed without the substantial loss of having to significantly reduce the price of each unsold product on the same day the next day.

(3) It is possible to manage the proper inventory by eliminating the unsold portion of each product and allowing the products on the day of arrival at the store to be lined up at the sales floor in the store.

(4). Since the total inventory quantity of the products is minimum and constant, the pre-package of fresh foods in the rear part of the store and the size of the backyard, which is the product storage area, are the minimum with respect to the store size. Can be set to.

(5). Since the stock amount of the entire product is the minimum and constant, the output amount of each product from the backyard, which is a store operation, to the in-store sales floor can be set every day, and the standardization of the work can be performed. Can be realized.

(6) It is possible to minimize the sales amount of the unsold goods on the next day, eliminate the fluctuation of the sales amount on the day, and realize an appropriate order linked to an accurate sales forecast.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an inventory management system to which an inventory management method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a product code inventory control table of a storage unit of the inventory management system in the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing a sales number composition ratio table of a storage unit of the inventory management system in the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a stock amount of a product at the time of opening a store, a predicted sales amount of the product, and a sales actual value in the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a method for controlling the inventory quantity of each product at the time of closing in the inventory management system of this embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a case where a product is out of stock because it does not have a minimum stock amount.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a case where out-of-stock does not occur due to having a minimum inventory quantity.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a case in which there is a minimum inventory quantity but unsold stock occurs.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 control unit 12 arithmetic unit 13 storage unit 14 communication unit 15 POS terminal 20 product code inventory control table 21 sales number composition ratio table 41 actual inventory amount at closing 42 sales forecast amount 43 sales composition ratio from opening to 16:00 44 16 Composition ratio of sales from time to closing 45 45 Actual sales value at 16:00 46 Predicted sales until closing at 16:00 47 Number of closeouts at 16:00 48 Appropriate inventory at closing 61 61 Out of stock 71 Minimum inventory 81 Minimum inventory 82 unsold a _n commodity code B _n product code (a _n) closing when the proper stock quantity b _n product code (a _n) the actual stock quantity m commodity code (a _n) of the link sales number ratio table during closing of the sales number of constituent ratio of 16 o'clock number E _i i day product codes (a _n) sales forecast quantity e _i i day product code (a _n)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An inventory management method for managing proper inventory in a store so as to eliminate a substantial loss of discarding each product from the unsold portion and an opportunity loss due to a stock-out of each product. The sales number composition ratio, which is the ratio of the number of sales from the opening of a product to an arbitrary time in each day of the day and the number of sales of the respective product from the arbitrary time to the closing, and the ratio of the sales of each product from the opening to the closing Forecast sales volume,
Predicting the number of sales of each of the products from the arbitrary time to the closing of the store based on the number of sales records from the opening of the respective products to the arbitrary time, and keeping the inventory quantity of each of the products constant. Determining the number of closeouts, which is the quantity of each of the products sold out from the arbitrary time to the closing of the store so as to be kept.