JPH07109303B2 - Self-regulating ceramic glow plug - Google Patents
Self-regulating ceramic glow plugInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07109303B2 JPH07109303B2 JP13152689A JP13152689A JPH07109303B2 JP H07109303 B2 JPH07109303 B2 JP H07109303B2 JP 13152689 A JP13152689 A JP 13152689A JP 13152689 A JP13152689 A JP 13152689A JP H07109303 B2 JPH07109303 B2 JP H07109303B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- ceramic
- resistance
- heating
- glow plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、主としてディーゼルエンジンに装着され始動
時に副燃焼室等を予熱する急速加熱型の自己制御型セラ
ミックグロープラグに関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a rapid heating type self-regulating ceramic glow plug which is mainly mounted on a diesel engine and preheats a sub combustion chamber and the like at the time of starting.
（従来の技術） 一般にディーゼルエンジンは低温時における始動性が悪
いために、エンジンヘッドに設けた副燃焼室等にグロー
プラグを装着して、これに通電して赤熱させ室内に噴射
される燃料の一部を燃焼させて予熱する方法がとられて
おり、始動時に急速な昇温特性をもつことが要求される
とともに、始動後においても燃焼安定化のためのアフタ
ーグローとして長時間使用される傾向となっており、そ
の耐久性の向上が益々要望されてきている。(Prior Art) Generally, since a diesel engine has poor startability at low temperatures, a glow plug is attached to a sub-combustion chamber or the like provided in the engine head, and a glow plug is energized to cause red heat to cause fuel injection into the chamber. A method of preheating by burning a part of it is adopted, and it is required to have a rapid temperature rising characteristic at the time of starting, and it tends to be used for a long time as afterglow for stabilizing combustion even after starting. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for improvement in durability.
この目的に応ずる急速加熱型グロープラグとして、高融
点金属の線材からなる発熱線をセラミック粉体中に埋設
し焼結してなるセラミックヒータを発熱体として用い、
更に急速昇温時における発熱線の溶断あるいは熱衝撃に
よるセラミック割れの発生等を防止するため、発熱線
に、該発熱線よりも大きい正の抵抗温度係数をもつ線材
を用いた抵抗体を直列に接続し、通電昇温時における発
熱体の加熱電流を制御するようにした自己制御型セラミ
ックグロープラグが知られている。As a rapid heating type glow plug for this purpose, a ceramic heater, which is made by embedding a heating wire made of a wire material of a high melting point metal in ceramic powder and sintering it, is used as a heating element.
Further, in order to prevent the fusing of the heating wire at the time of rapid temperature rise or the occurrence of ceramic cracking due to thermal shock, the heating wire is connected in series with a resistor using a wire material having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance larger than that of the heating wire. There is known a self-control type ceramic glow plug which is connected and controls the heating current of a heating element when the temperature is raised by energization.
第３図は、従来の自己制御型セラミックグーロープラグ
の一例の縦断面図で、発熱体となるセラミックヒータ１
は抵抗温度係数の小さい線材からなる発熱コイル２をセ
ラミック焼結体３中に埋設してなり、金属外筒４の内腔
にろう接されるとともに、これに発熱コイル２に接続さ
れたリード線5aの一端が電気的に接続され、金属外筒４
は取付金具６の先端部内腔にろう接されてなり、一方発
熱コイル２に接続されたリード線5bの一端はセラミック
ヒータ１の後端部に冠着された金属キャップ７を介し
て、発熱コイル２より大きな正の抵抗温度係数を有する
線材からなる抵抗コイル８に電気的に接続され、抵抗コ
イル８の他端は端子ねじを有する金属端子軸９に接続さ
れており、そして取付金具６の後端開口部に絶縁ブッシ
ュ10を介在させて金属端子軸９を固定ナット11で締付け
て固定して構成されている。FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional self-regulating type ceramic Gouraud plug, which is a ceramic heater 1 serving as a heating element.
Is formed by embedding a heating coil 2 made of a wire having a small temperature coefficient of resistance in a ceramic sintered body 3 and brazed to the inner cavity of a metal outer cylinder 4, and a lead wire connected to this heating coil 2. One end of 5a is electrically connected to the metal outer cylinder 4
Is brazed to the inner cavity of the front end of the mounting bracket 6, while one end of the lead wire 5b connected to the heating coil 2 is connected to the heating coil through a metal cap 7 attached to the rear end of the ceramic heater 1. 2 is electrically connected to a resistance coil 8 made of a wire having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance greater than 2, the other end of the resistance coil 8 is connected to a metal terminal shaft 9 having a terminal screw, and An insulating bush 10 is interposed in the end opening, and the metal terminal shaft 9 is tightened and fixed by a fixing nut 11.
第４図は、従来の自己制御型セラミックグーロープラグ
の他の一例の縦断面図で、上記第３図と同一部分は同一
符号にて示し説明を省く。同図において、発熱体となる
セラミックヒータ12は先端部にＵ字形状に折り返された
発熱コイル13の両端に、該発熱コイル13よりも大きな正
の抵抗温度係数を有する線材からなる抵抗コイル14a及
び14bが接続され、これら抵抗コイルにはそれぞれリー
ド線15a及び15bが接続され、これらをセラミック焼結体
16中に埋設してなり、抵抗コイル15aの他端は金属外筒
４に電気的に接続され、抵抗コイル15bの他端はリード
線17を介して金属端子軸９に接続され、該金属端子軸９
及び金属外筒４を前記第３図の場合と同様に取付金具６
の内腔に固定して構成されている。FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another example of the conventional self-control type ceramic Gouraud plug. The same parts as those in FIG. In the figure, a ceramic heater 12 serving as a heating element is provided with a resistance coil 14a made of a wire material having a positive resistance temperature coefficient larger than that of the heating coil 13 at both ends of a heating coil 13 folded back in a U shape at its tip and 14b are connected, and lead wires 15a and 15b are connected to these resistance coils, respectively.
The other end of the resistance coil 15a is electrically connected to the metal outer cylinder 4, and the other end of the resistance coil 15b is connected to the metal terminal shaft 9 via the lead wire 17. Axis 9
Also, the metal outer cylinder 4 is attached to the mounting bracket 6 as in the case of FIG.
It is configured to be fixed in the inner cavity of the.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 前記の第３図に示す如き抵抗コイルがセラミックヒータ
の外に設けられているプラグでは抵抗コイルにて消費さ
れる電力はヒータの発熱には殆ど有効に利用されない。
また、第４図に示す如く抵抗コイルをヒータの内部に埋
設した構造のものは、発熱コイルと抵抗コイルとの接続
が極めて面倒であり、また、セラミック焼結体の十分な
強度が得られないという難点がある。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the plug in which the resistance coil is provided outside the ceramic heater as shown in FIG. 3, the electric power consumed by the resistance coil is hardly effectively used for heat generation of the heater. .
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, in the structure in which the resistance coil is embedded inside the heater, the connection between the heating coil and the resistance coil is extremely troublesome and sufficient strength of the ceramic sintered body cannot be obtained. There is a drawback.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明は、上記の如き課題を解決するためになされたも
のであり、窒化珪素を主成分とする電気絶縁性セラミッ
ク基体中に通電により発熱する導電性セラミックスより
なる発熱ヒータと、該発熱ヒータを形成する導電性セラ
ミックスよりも抵抗値の大きな導電性セラミックスより
なる抵抗ヒータとが、それぞれ先端部をＵ字形状に折り
返して形成され、抵抗ヒータの先端部が発熱ヒータの先
端部より後方に位置させて並列に埋設されるとともに、
これらヒータが端部において電気的に並列に接続されて
なるセラミックヒータを有する自己制御型セラミックグ
ロープラグを提供するものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and includes an electrically insulating ceramic substrate containing silicon nitride as a main component, which is made of a conductive ceramic that generates heat when energized. And a resistance heater made of conductive ceramics having a resistance value larger than that of the conductive ceramics forming the heat generation heater are formed by folding back the tips into U-shapes, and the tips of the resistance heaters generate heat. It is located behind the tip of the heater and embedded in parallel,
A self-regulating ceramic glow plug having a ceramic heater in which these heaters are electrically connected in parallel at their ends.
発熱ヒータ及び抵抗ヒータに使用する導電性セラミック
スとしては、Ti、Zr、Hf、La、Ｖ、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、Ｗ
等の窒化物及び炭化物、これらの窒化物または炭化物、
あるいはこれらと窒化珪素（Si3N4）との混合物からな
り、抵抗値の調節には混合物における混合割合、または
ヒータの膜厚あるいは径方向の幅等のヒータ形状を変更
して行う。なお、発熱ヒータと抵抗ヒータとは、それぞ
れ複数で構成されてもよく、その場合は抵抗ヒータが発
熱ヒータよりも表面側に位置するよう配置する。Conductive ceramics used for heating heaters and resistance heaters include Ti, Zr, Hf, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W.
Such as nitrides and carbides, these nitrides or carbides,
Alternatively, it is made of a mixture of these and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), and the resistance value is adjusted by changing the mixing ratio in the mixture or the heater shape such as the heater film thickness or the radial width. It should be noted that the heat generating heater and the resistance heater may each be composed of a plurality, and in that case, the resistance heater is arranged so as to be positioned on the surface side of the heat generating heater.
（作用） 上記構造を有するセラミックヒータにおいて、昇温時及
び定格電圧印加時には、主にセラミックヒータ中の発熱
ヒータ近傍（発熱ヒータの埋設部分である先端部分）で
赤熱する。これに対し、飽和時及び過電圧印加時（ダイ
ナモが作動したとき）には、セラミックヒータの先端よ
り抵抗ヒータ付近までの全体が赤熱する。第５図は電圧
と抵抗値の関係を示したもので、発熱ヒータ単体あるい
は抵抗ヒータ単体のそれぞれ抵抗値及びその変化に対
し、本発明の抵抗値は略定格電圧（10.5Vまたは22.5V）
を境にして増大する。従って、セラミックヒータの温度
分布は第６図のように、特に発熱ヒータ単体の一材ヒー
タに比べて略定格電圧を境にして第５図の抵抗値の増加
により飽和温度及びアフターグローの過電圧印加時には
温度が飽和し過昇温を防止することができる。(Operation) In the ceramic heater having the above structure, when the temperature is raised and the rated voltage is applied, red heat mainly occurs in the vicinity of the heating heater (the tip portion which is the embedded portion of the heating heater) in the ceramic heater. On the other hand, when saturated and when an overvoltage is applied (when the dynamo operates), the entire area from the tip of the ceramic heater to the vicinity of the resistance heater becomes red. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the voltage and the resistance value. The resistance value of the present invention is approximately the rated voltage (10.5V or 22.5V) with respect to the resistance value of the heating heater alone or the resistance heater alone and its change.
Increase at the border. Therefore, the temperature distribution of the ceramic heater is, as shown in FIG. 6, the saturation temperature and the afterglow overvoltage application due to the increase of the resistance value of FIG. At times, the temperature is saturated and it is possible to prevent excessive temperature rise.
（実施例） 第１図において、（ａ）は本発明による実施例の自己制
御型セラミックグロープラグの全体縦断面図であり、従
来例の第４図と同一部分は同一符号を付し説明は省く。
（ｂ）は（ａ）における要部の一部切断した断面図、
（ｃ）及び（ｄ）はそれぞれ（ｂ）におけるＡ−Ａ線及
びＢ−Ｂ線に沿って切截した断面図であり、（ｅ）〜
（ｈ）はそれぞれ（ｂ）におけるＣ−Ｃ線、Ｄ−Ｄ線、
Ｅ−Ｅ線、Ｆ−Ｆ線に沿って切截したセラミックヒータ
の断面図である。これらの図において、20はセラミック
ヒータであり、21は窒化珪素（SI3N4）を主体とする絶
縁性セラミック基体であり、この内部に通電により発熱
する導電性セラミックスからなる発熱ヒータ22と抵抗ヒ
ータ23とが、それぞれ（ｅ）〜（ｈ）の断面図により理
解されるように発熱ヒータ22の先端部より後方に抵抗ヒ
ータ23の先端部が位置するようにして並列に配置されて
いる。そして発熱ヒータ22及び抵抗ヒータ23の各端末は
セラミック基体21の表面に裸出され、負電極となる金属
外筒４及び正電極となる金属端子板18にろう接され発熱
ヒータ22と抵抗ヒータ23とが電気的に並列に接続され
る。(Embodiment) In FIG. 1, (a) is an overall vertical cross-sectional view of a self-controlled ceramic glow plug of an embodiment according to the present invention. The same parts as those in FIG. Omit it.
(B) is a cross-sectional view of a part of the main part in (a),
(C) And (d) is sectional drawing cut | disconnected along the AA line and BB line in (b), respectively, (e)-
(H) is a line C-C, line D-D in (b),
It is sectional drawing of the ceramic heater cut | disconnected along the EE line and the FF line. In these figures, 20 is a ceramic heater, 21 is an insulative ceramic substrate mainly composed of silicon nitride (SI 3 N 4 ), and a heating heater 22 made of conductive ceramics that generates heat by energization As is understood from the cross-sectional views of (e) to (h), the heaters 23 are arranged in parallel so that the tip end of the resistance heater 23 is located behind the tip end of the heat-generating heater 22. Each terminal of the heat generating heater 22 and the resistance heater 23 is exposed on the surface of the ceramic base 21 and brazed to the metal outer cylinder 4 serving as the negative electrode and the metal terminal plate 18 serving as the positive electrode. And are electrically connected in parallel.
発熱ヒータ22及び抵抗ヒータ23は共にTi、Zr、Hf、La、
Ｖ、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、Ｗ等の窒化物および炭化物、これ
らの窒化物または炭化物、あるいはこれらと窒化珪素
（Si3N4）との混合物からなる導電性セラミックスによ
り形成されており、例えば、WCと（Si3N4）との混合物
とし、この両者の配合比またはヒータの膜厚あるいは径
方向の幅等のヒータ形状により抵抗値の調節を行って抵
抗ヒータ23の抵抗値が発熱ヒータ22のそれらよりも大き
くなるよう調整される。このようにして構成されたセラ
ミックヒータ20は第１図（ａ）に示す如く取付金具６の
内腔に取付けられる。The heating heater 22 and the resistance heater 23 are both Ti, Zr, Hf, La,
V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and other nitrides and carbides, these nitrides or carbides, or conductive ceramics made of a mixture of these and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), For example, a mixture of WC and (Si 3 N 4 ) is used, and the resistance value of the resistance heater 23 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance value according to the composition ratio of the two and the heater shape such as the heater film thickness or the radial width. It is adjusted to be larger than those of the heater 22. The ceramic heater 20 thus constructed is attached to the inner cavity of the attachment fitting 6 as shown in FIG.
上記の如きセラミックヒータの特性は前記第５図及び第
６図の如くなる。The characteristics of the ceramic heater as described above are as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
因みに、セラミックヒータ20の製造方法の概要を述べる
と、第２図に示す如くドクターブレード法により成形さ
れたセラミックシート30及び31にそれぞれ前記導電性セ
ラミックスを塗布して発熱ヒータ22及び抵抗ヒータ23を
形成し、これらのセラミックシート30及び31をセラミッ
クシート32及び33と重ね合わせてプレスして一体化さ
せ、これを更に1600℃程度の温度でホットプレス焼成し
てのち切削加工により所要の形状に仕上げて得られる。Incidentally, an outline of the method of manufacturing the ceramic heater 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the conductive ceramics are applied to the ceramic sheets 30 and 31 formed by the doctor blade method to form the heating heater 22 and the resistance heater 23, respectively. Formed, these ceramic sheets 30 and 31 are overlaid with the ceramic sheets 32 and 33 and pressed to be integrated, and this is further hot-press fired at a temperature of about 1600 ° C, and then cut into a desired shape. Obtained.
なお、発熱ヒータと抵抗ヒータとは、それぞれ複数で構
成してもよく、その場合は発熱ヒータをＡ、抵抗ヒータ
をＢとしたとき、例えば、BAB、BAABのように抵抗ヒー
タＢが発熱ヒータＡよりも表面側に位置するように配置
する。また、発熱ヒータと抵抗ヒータのＵ字形状の先端
部分を接続側部分に比べて径方向の断面積を小さくし、
昇温特性を向上させてもよい。更には抵抗ヒータは抵抗
値だけでなく抵抗温度係数をも発熱ヒータより大きくし
昇温特性を向上させてもよい。It should be noted that the heat generating heater and the resistance heater may each be composed of a plurality, and in that case, when the heat generating heater is A and the resistance heater is B, the resistance heater B is, for example, BAB, BAAB. It is arranged so that it is located closer to the front side than. In addition, the U-shaped tip portions of the heating heater and the resistance heater have a smaller radial cross-sectional area than the connection side portion,
The temperature rising characteristics may be improved. Furthermore, the resistance heater may have not only a resistance value but also a resistance temperature coefficient larger than that of the heat generating heater to improve the temperature rising characteristic.
（発明の効果） 本発明のセラミックグロープラグでは、発熱ヒータと共
に抵抗値の大きい抵抗ヒータもセラミックヒータ内に配
置されているので、プラグに供給される電力が全て発熱
部で消費されるので電力を有効に利用でき省電力化がで
きる。また、発熱ヒータと抵抗ヒータとの接続が直列配
置の場合と異なり各端末部で金属外筒及び金属端子板に
同時にろう接してなされるので接続が容易になるととも
にセラミックヒータ自身の強度が大となる。(Effect of the Invention) In the ceramic glow plug of the present invention, since the resistance heater having a large resistance value is also arranged in the ceramic heater together with the heating heater, all the power supplied to the plug is consumed in the heating portion, so that the power is not consumed. It can be used effectively and can save power. In addition, unlike the case where the heating heater and the resistance heater are connected in series, the metal heater and the metal terminal plate are brazed at the same time at each end portion, so that the connection is easy and the strength of the ceramic heater itself is large. Become.
第１図は、本発明の自己制御型セラミックグロープラグ
の実施例の、（ａ）は全体縦断面図、（ｂ）は要部の一
部切断断面図、（ｃ）及び（ｄ）はそれぞれ（ｂ）にお
けるＡ−Ａ線及びＢ−Ｂ線に沿って切截した断面図、
（ｅ）〜（ｈ）はそれぞれ（ｂ）におけるＣ−Ｃ線、Ｄ
−Ｄ線、Ｅ−Ｅ線、Ｆ−Ｆ線に沿って切截したセラミッ
クヒータの断面図、第２図は上記実施例におけるセラミ
ックヒータの製造を説明するための分解図、第３図及び
第４図は自己制御型セラミックグロープラグの従来例の
縦断面図、第５図は本発明によるプラグの発熱ヒータ及
び抵抗ヒータの抵抗値並びにこれらの合成値の電圧特性
図、第６図は同じくセラミックヒータの温度の電圧特性
図である。 21:セラミック基体、22:発熱ヒータ、23:抵抗ヒータ。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a self-regulating ceramic glow plug of the present invention, in which (a) is an overall longitudinal sectional view, (b) is a partially cut sectional view of a main part, and (c) and (d) are respectively A sectional view cut along the line AA and the line BB in (b),
(E) to (h) are C-C line and D in (b), respectively.
-D, EE, FF sectional view of the ceramic heater cut along the line, FIG. 2 is an exploded view for explaining the manufacture of the ceramic heater in the above embodiment, FIG. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a conventional example of a self-regulating ceramic glow plug, FIG. 5 is a resistance value of a heating heater and a resistance heater of the plug according to the present invention, and a voltage characteristic diagram of their combined value, and FIG. 6 is the same ceramic. It is a voltage characteristic view of the temperature of the heater. 21: Ceramic substrate, 22: Heat generating heater, 23: Resistance heater.
Claims (1)
基体中に通電により発熱する導電性セラミックスよりな
る発熱ヒータと、該発熱ヒータを形成する導電性セラミ
ックスよりも抵抗値の大きな導電性セラミックスよりな
る抵抗ヒータとが、それぞれ先端部をＵ字形状に折り返
して形成され、抵抗ヒータの先端部が発熱ヒータの先端
部より後方に位置させて並列に埋設されるとともに、こ
れらヒータが端部において電気的に並列に接続されてな
るセラミックヒータを有することを特徴とする自己制御
型セラミックグロープラグ。1. A heat-generating heater made of conductive ceramics which generates heat when energized in an insulating ceramic substrate containing silicon nitride as a main component, and a conductive ceramic having a resistance value larger than that of the conductive ceramics forming the heat-generating heater. And a resistance heater formed by folding back the tip portion into a U-shape, the tip portion of the resistance heater is located behind the tip portion of the exothermic heater and embedded in parallel, and these heaters are electrically connected at the end portions. Self-controlling type ceramic glow plug having a ceramic heater connected in parallel in parallel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13152689A JPH07109303B2 (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-05-26 | Self-regulating ceramic glow plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13152689A JPH07109303B2 (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-05-26 | Self-regulating ceramic glow plug |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH031014A JPH031014A (en) | 1991-01-07 |
| JPH07109303B2 true JPH07109303B2 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
Family
ID=15060128
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13152689A Expired - Fee Related JPH07109303B2 (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-05-26 | Self-regulating ceramic glow plug |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07109303B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011501093A (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2011-01-06 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Heating device for liquid fuel and the like |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5336097Y2 (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1978-09-04 | ||
| JPS5444583Y2 (en) * | 1974-04-30 | 1979-12-21 | ||
| JP6370100B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2018-08-08 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Glow plug with combustion pressure detection sensor |
-
1989
- 1989-05-26 JP JP13152689A patent/JPH07109303B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011501093A (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2011-01-06 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Heating device for liquid fuel and the like |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH031014A (en) | 1991-01-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6610964B2 (en) | Multi-layer ceramic heater | |
| JP3044630B2 (en) | Ceramic heater type glow plug | |
| US6396028B1 (en) | Multi-layer ceramic heater | |
| US6111223A (en) | Ceramic glow plug having portion of heater within metallic sleeve | |
| JP4816385B2 (en) | Glow plug | |
| JPS6362660B2 (en) | ||
| JP3044632B2 (en) | Ceramic heater type glow plug | |
| JPH07109303B2 (en) | Self-regulating ceramic glow plug | |
| JP2004061041A (en) | Ceramic glow plug | |
| JPH0216148Y2 (en) | ||
| JPS58210412A (en) | Ceramic glow plug | |
| JP2720033B2 (en) | Self-control ceramic glow plug | |
| JPH08273815A (en) | Self-control type ceramic heater | |
| JPH09112904A (en) | Glow plug for diesel engine | |
| JPS6217521A (en) | Self-control glow plug | |
| JPH0228045B2 (en) | ||
| JP2002289327A (en) | Ceramic heater and glow plug equipped with the same | |
| JPH0419330Y2 (en) | ||
| JP2741240B2 (en) | Ceramic glow plug | |
| JPH0311576Y2 (en) | ||
| JPS6350606Y2 (en) | ||
| JPS58106326A (en) | Ceramic glow plug | |
| JPH0434052B2 (en) | ||
| JPS60219A (en) | Self-regulating type glow plug | |
| JPS61195580A (en) | Ceramic heater |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |