JPH07102762B2 - Car tires - Google Patents

Description

Description: [Industrial field of use] The present invention relates to an improvement in a tire for an automobile that normally runs on a road surface and runs on a snowy road.

[Prior Art] An automobile equipped with ordinary tires is suitable for traveling on a normal road surface, but the tire cannot slip due to slipping on a snowy road. In order to improve this, a spike tire having a tack on its outer peripheral surface or an automobile tire called an snow tire having an improved outer peripheral surface is used.
Further, it is also common to hang an anti-slip chain on an ordinary automobile tire only when traveling on a snowy road.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Among the above-mentioned automobile tires, those provided with tacks on the outer peripheral surface cause dust pollution, and those having an improved outer peripheral surface are only improvements on the installation surface. There is a problem that slip cannot be surely prevented when driving on a road. And
It is not possible to hang the anti-slip chain when running on a snowy road.
The work of attaching and detaching these chains is troublesome and requires a lot of labor, and there is a problem that the riding comfort is poor when the chain is run.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, does not cause dust pollution, and has a good riding comfort even on a road surface such as a snowy road or a mountainous area with severe unevenness, and a normal road surface running state. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automobile tire that can be easily switched between a running state on a snowy road or a road surface with severe unevenness.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In an automobile tire of the present invention, an outer peripheral portion mainly made of soft rubber is integrally formed on the outer periphery of a tire main body mainly made of hard rubber, and the outer peripheral portion is It is connected to the tire main body by an expansion preventing member, and the inside of the tire main body and the outer peripheral portion are each partitioned by a partition wall provided on the outer periphery of the tire main body to form independent cavity portions, and the outer peripheral wall surface of the outer peripheral portion is formed. Providing studs in the concave and convex recesses formed in, the tips of these studs are located closer to the tire center side than the projecting ends of the convex parts, and the air is filled from outside the tire into the cavities and the outer peripheral portion. A valve mechanism that can discharge part of the air from the hollow part of the tire to the outside of the tire and supply air from the hollow part of the tire body to the cavity of the outer peripheral part can be operated externally on the inner peripheral part of the tire main body. Provided by the pipe through the valve mechanism Both cavities are communicated.

[Operation] When the vehicle tire of the present invention travels on a normal road surface, when the air pressure is filled into the cavity of the tire main body and the cavity of the outer peripheral portion at the same required air pressure and the valve mechanism is closed, The outer peripheral portion is fixed to the tire body by the expansion preventing member, and the tire is hardened to the outer peripheral portion because the outer peripheral portion is not expanded. Therefore, it can run on a normal road surface like a normal automobile tire. Further, when traveling to a snowy road, the valve mechanism is operated from the outside of the tire to discharge a part of the air from the outer peripheral cavity to the outside of the tire, reducing the air pressure only in the outer peripheral cavity, Keep closed. In this state, the outer peripheral part is mainly made of soft rubber, and the air pressure in the cavity is low, and the entire outer peripheral part is soft, so the ground surface is surely grounded, and the tacks may ground. Therefore, you can drive safely on a snowy road without slipping. Then, when shifting from a snowy road to a normal road surface running, the valve mechanism is operated from outside the tire, and the hollow portion between the outer peripheral portion and the tire main body is made to communicate with each other via a pipe. In this state, a part of the air is sent from the hollow portion of the tire main body having a high air pressure to the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion having a low air pressure, and the air pressures of both the hollow portions of the outer peripheral portion and the tire main body become equal to each other. In this state, the air pressure in both cavities does not become much lower than the air pressure before discharging part of the air from the outer cavities. Therefore, normal traveling on the road surface can be performed without any trouble, and switching between this traveling state and the traveling state on the snowy road can be performed several times only by operating the valve mechanism. It suffices if the valve mechanism is operated to the portion to inject air, so that the switching can be easily performed. Further, as in the case of traveling on a snowy road as described above, a part of the air is discharged from the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion so that the road surface such as a mountainous area with severe unevenness can be comfortably driven. Moreover, the present invention provides tacks only on the projections and recesses formed on the outer peripheral wall surface of the outer peripheral portion of the tire, and the tips of these tacks are arranged closer to the tire center side than the projecting portions on the outer peripheral wall surface. The tack works only when driving on snowy roads, does not generate dust pollution when traveling on normal roads, and is comfortable to ride, and even when riding on snowy roads it is more comfortable to ride than slip chains.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of an automobile tire according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a tire body, 2 is an outer peripheral portion,
The tire main body 1 includes a partition wall 3 for partitioning the main body 1 from the outer peripheral portion 2, both side walls 4 project outward from the partition wall 3, and an outer peripheral side between the both side walls 4 of the partition wall 3. A large number of columnar projections 5 are integrally formed on the base. Further, the tire body 1 includes a core material 6 such as cloth on the partition wall 3 and both side walls 4.
The main material is hard rubber 7 in which is embedded. A core material 10 such as cloth is embedded in the outer peripheral wall 8 and both side walls 9 of the outer peripheral portion 2, and the main body 1 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the tire main body 1.
Both side walls 4 are integrally formed with both side walls 9, and the protrusion 5 is integrally formed with an outer peripheral wall 8, respectively, and is made of a soft rubber 11 as a main material. The outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral wall 8 has a large number of recesses 8a.
And a convex portion 8b are formed, and a large number of tacks 12 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the concave portion 8a.
The head 12a of the stud 12 protrudes, and the leg 12b of the tack 12 is embedded in the outer peripheral wall 8 and the protrusion 5. The head 12a of the tack 12 protrudes from the surface of the recess 8a with a height smaller than the height of the projection 8b protruding from the recess 8a, and the head when traveling on a normal road surface.
It is set so that the tip end of 12a is located closer to the tire center side than the projecting end of the convex portion 8b. In addition, a hollow portion partitioned by the partition wall 3 inside the tire body 1 and the outer peripheral portion 2.
A cavity 13 and a cavity 14 having a smaller volume than the cavity 13 are formed independently of each other.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the partition wall 3 of the tire main body 1, the core material 6 of both side walls 4, and the outer peripheral wall 8 of the outer peripheral portion 2.
A thread 15a that constitutes the expansion preventing member 15 in a net shape is sewn to the core material 10 of the side walls 9, and the outer peripheral portion 2 is connected to the tire body 1 by the expansion preventing member 15. The expansion preventing member 15 is annularly stretched in the hollow portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2 over the entire circumferential direction.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5 (a), (b), and (c), a valve mechanism 16 is provided on the inner peripheral portion of the tire body 1 so as to be operable from outside the tire. . The valve mechanism 16 is provided in a valve box 17 with an air supply port 18 and an exhaust port 19 that are open to the outside of the tire and project outside the tire body 1. The air supply port 18 is communicated with the hollow portion 13 of the tire body 1 via the air supply valve 20, and the cam operation valve 21 on the side of the air supply valve 20 having the hollow portion 13 is one.
Is communicated with the valve chamber 22 via. The valve chamber 22 communicates with one end of a pipe 24 made of a flexible material through the other cam operating valve 23 facing the one cam operating valve 21, and the other end of the pipe 24 is connected to the hollow portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2. It is in communication. The exhaust port
19 is communicated with the valve chamber 22 via the exhaust valve 25, and the operation shaft 26 fixed to the exhaust valve 25 is supported by the valve box 17 so as to be capable of advancing and retracting and rotating, and is communicated between the cam operation valves 23 and 24. Are these valves 2
An eccentric cam for opening 3, 24 is fitted and fixed to the operating shaft 26. A central portion of a reversing plate 28 made of a metal diaphragm is connected to an inner end portion of the operating shaft 26, and an outer peripheral portion of the reversing plate 28 is fitted and held on an inner peripheral surface of a holding cylinder 29. axis
It is fixed to the valve box 17 so that the axial direction thereof coincides with 26. The holding cylinder 29 has an outer end opened to the valve chamber 22 and an inner end opened to the hollow portion 13 of the tire body 1. A knob 30 serving as a lid of the exhaust port 19 is fixed to the outer end of the operation shaft 26, and an adjusting plate having a vent hole between the exhaust valve 25 and the knob 30 of the operation shaft 26.
31 are arranged. The adjusting plate 31 is screw-fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust port 19, and a spring 32 is provided between the adjusting plate 31 and the knob 30.
And the spring 32 causes the exhaust valve 25 to
It is configured to be pressed against the valve seat 33 provided on the inside of the valve chamber 22 from the inside toward the outside to close the valve chamber.

The air supply valve 20 is biased toward the outside of the air supply port 18 by a spring 34, is pressed against a valve seat 35 provided at the air supply port 18, and is closed, and the cam operating valves 21 and 23 are springs 36 and 37.
It is configured to be urged toward the inside of the valve chamber 22 by the valve and to be pressed against the valve seats 38 and 39 provided in the valve box 17 to be closed.

Next, use of the automobile tire of this example will be described.

The inner peripheral portion of the tire main body 1 is airtightly fixed to a rim portion (not shown) of a wheel, and the wheels are all wheels or driving wheels of an automobile, and the valve air vent 16 is directed to the outside of the wheel, and the tire is conventionally attached to the axle. It is installed in the same way as tires such as snow tires.

As shown in FIG. 5A, in the valve mechanism 16 having the above-described structure, the operation shaft 26 is pulled out, the reversing plate 28 is bulged toward the exhaust port 19 side, and the eccentric cam 27 is in the neutral position. In the state, the air supply valve 20 and the exhaust valve 25 are closed, and further, the communication between the tire main body and the cavity of the outer peripheral portion and the outside of the tire is cut off, and the cam operation valves 21 and 23 are also closed. Communication with the cavity is also blocked. When the knob 30 is rotated counterclockwise from the outside of the tire in the state of FIG. 5A, the eccentric cam 27 rotates together with the operation shaft 26 as shown in FIG. 4, and the one cam operation valve 21 closes. In this state, air can be injected like a normal automobile tire. That is, by opening the air supply valve 20 from outside the tire by an air supply nozzle (not shown) communicating with the pressure air source, connecting the nozzle to the air supply port 18, and supplying pressure air from the air source, this air is The air is sent from the air supply port 18 into the valve box 17 and injected into the hollow portion 13 of the tire body as shown by the arrow in FIG. Further, the air sent into the valve box 17 is sent into the valve chamber 22 because one of the cam operation valves 21 is open, and the other cam operation valve 23 is pushed open, and the air of the outer peripheral portion passes through the pipe 24. It is also injected into the cavity. When the air pressures of the hollow portion of the tire body and the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion become equal to the required air pressure, the air supply is stopped.
Subsequently, the nozzle is removed from the air supply port 18, the knob 30 is rotated clockwise to return the eccentric cam 27 to the neutral state shown in FIG. 5 (a), and the spring force of the springs 34, 36, 37 supplies air. Valve 20,
The cam operation valves 21 and 23 are closed, and the exhaust valve 25 remains closed during the above-mentioned air injection. In this state, as shown in FIG. 1, the outer peripheral portion 2 is fixed to the tire main body 1 by the expansion preventing member 15, and the tire is hardened to the outer peripheral portion by not expanding. Therefore, it can travel on a normal road surface like a normal automobile tire.

Immediately before running on the snowy road, if the knob 30 is pushed in from the outside of the tire and then rotated clockwise, the state shown in FIG. 5 (b) is obtained. That is, by pushing the knob 30, the operating shaft 26
The exhaust valve 25 is opened via, and at the same time, the reversing plate 28 is reversed and swells to the side opposite to the exhaust port 19, and by the clockwise rotation of the knob 30, the eccentric cam 27 is rotated clockwise via the operation shaft 26, and the other Cam operated valve
23 opens, and this state is temporarily maintained by reversing the reversing plate 28 to the opposite side of the exhaust port 19. In this state, the cavity of the outer peripheral portion is opened to the outside of the tire through the pipe 24, the valve chamber 22, and the exhaust port 19, so that a part of the air in the cavity of the outer peripheral portion passes through this path and the exhaust port 19 is exhausted. Is discharged from the tire to outside the tire. However, since the air supply valve 20 and the cam operation valve 23 on one side remain closed, the air in the cavity of the tire body is not discharged to the outside of the tire. Therefore, the air pressure of the cavity of the outer peripheral portion becomes lower than the air pressure of the cavity of the tire body, the air pressure in the valve chamber 22 also becomes lower than the air pressure of the cavity of the tire body, and the difference in air pressure exceeds the set value. And the reversing plate 28 re-inverts and the exhaust port
Returning to the state of expanding to the 19 side, the operating shaft 26 is automatically pushed out, the exhaust valve 25 is closed, and the state shown in FIG. Further, since the reversing plate 28 makes a sound at the time of reversing and re-reversing, using this sound, after the exhaust valve 25 is closed, the knob 30 is rotated counterclockwise to return the eccentric cam 27 to the neutral state, and the other cam. Control valve 23
To close all the valves shown in FIG. 5 (a). By the above-described operation, it is possible to reduce only the air pressure of the cavity portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2 without reducing the air pressure of the cavity portion 13 of the tire body 1. When running on a snowy road in this state, the outer peripheral portion 2 is mainly made of soft rubber and has a hollow portion 14
Since the air pressure of the outer peripheral portion is soft and the outer peripheral portion is soft as a whole, the head portion 12a of a large number of tacks 12 provided on the surface of the concave portion 8a of the outer peripheral wall 8 of the outer peripheral portion 2 may be grounded. Therefore, you can safely drive on a snowy road without slipping. In addition, the hollow portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2 is the same as when traveling on the snow road described above.
It is also possible to reduce the air pressure of the vehicle and drive it on a road surface in a mountainous area where unevenness is severe. When traveling on a normal road surface after finishing traveling on a snowy road or a highly uneven road surface, the eccentric cam 27 is rotated counterclockwise by operating the knob 30 from the outside of the tire, and one cam operation valve 21 is opened. In the state shown in FIG. 4, since the air pressure in the cavity 13 of the tire body 1 is higher than the air pressure 14 in the outer periphery 2, the cavity 13 of the tire body 1 moves to the valve chamber.
Air is supplied to the valve chamber 22 and the other cam operating valve 23
Can be opened by a difference in air pressure, and air can be supplied to the hollow portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2 through the pipe 24 so that the air pressures of the both hollow portions 13 and 14 are made equal to each other. Even in this case, the cavity portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2 has a smaller volume than the cavity portion 13 of the tire body 1, and only a part of the air is discharged from the cavity portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2. The air pressures of the cavities 13 and 14 are not so low as compared with the air pressure before a part of the air is discharged from the cavity 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2. Therefore, normal traveling on the road surface can be performed without causing troubles such as the head 12a of the tack 12 contacting the ground. Then, the switching between the normal running state of the road surface and the running state of the snowy road or the road surface with severe unevenness can be performed several times only by the above-described operation of the valve mechanism 16.

In this embodiment, with the air pressures in the cavities 13 and 14 being equal to each other, only the other cam operating valve 23 is opened as shown in FIG. Is partially received, and when the air pressure in the hollow portion 14 becomes high, one of the cam operating valves 21 is temporarily opened due to the pressure difference, and the hollow portion 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2 moves to the hollow portion 13 of the tire body 1.
It is also possible to send a part of the air into the cavity to lower the air pressure in the cavity 14 of the outer peripheral portion 2. Further, the reversing plate 28 is adjusted by rotating the adjusting plate 31 using an appropriate tool and moving the adjusting plate 31 in the axial direction of the operation shaft 26 to adjust the spring force of the spring 32.
It is possible to adjust the amount of air discharged from the hollow portion 14 by changing the time point at which the hollow portion 13 operates due to the pressure difference between the hollow portion 13 and the valve chamber 22. Furthermore, when the reversing plate 28 operates at the pressure difference,
At the same time as the exhaust valve 25 is closed, it is preferable that the operation shaft 26 be rotated by an appropriate means so that the eccentric cam 27 returns to the neutral position, and the other cam operation valve 23 is automatically closed.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an outer peripheral portion of an automobile tire according to another embodiment of the present invention and a portion near the outer peripheral portion of the tire body. In FIG. 6, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate corresponding parts, and 40 is a cylindrical spooter made of hard rubber, in which the height of the columnar projection 5 protruding to the outer peripheral side of the partition wall 3 of the tire main body 1 is lowered. Then, the spacer 40 is interposed between the protrusion 5 and the outer peripheral wall 8 of the outer peripheral portion 2, and the leg portion 12b of the tack 12 is secured.
Is loosely inserted into the spacer 40, and the portion of the leg 12b projecting from the spooter 40 toward the tire center is embedded and fixed in the protrusion 5. By doing this, the outer peripheral portion 2
When the air pressure of the hollow portion 14 is reduced and the vehicle travels on a snowy road or the like, the outer peripheral portion 2 is easily bent and the head 12a of the tack 12 can be reliably brought into contact with the road surface. The construction and operation of this embodiment other than those described above are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

In this invention, the expansion preventing member of the outer peripheral portion expands the outer peripheral portion in a state in which the outer peripheral portion is connected to the tire main body and the cavity of the outer peripheral portion is filled with air having a predetermined pressure equal to the cavity of the tire main body. The invention is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned embodiment as long as it can prevent this.

Further, the valve mechanism can also fill air from the outside of the tire into the tire body and the cavity of the outer peripheral portion, can discharge a part of the air from the cavity of the outer peripheral portion to the outside of the tire, and the cavity of the outer peripheral portion from the cavity of the tire main body. As long as the air can be sent to the parts and these operations can be performed outside the tire, it is not necessarily limited to the above-mentioned embodiment.

Further, in the present invention, the columnar protrusions protruding on the outer periphery of the partition wall of the tire main body may be omitted, and in order to form the cavity in the outer peripheral portion, a thin rubber bag is attached to the mesh bag forming the expansion inhibiting member. To form an annular bag, which is filled with water and fitted onto the outer peripheral surface of the partition wall of the tire main body, and when this is cooled and frozen to an appropriate hardness, the mesh bag is attached to the tire main body with a thread. Sew on the cloth, then freeze the water hard to form a mold, form the outer peripheral part, discharge the melted water from the hole provided in the partition wall, and connect the cavity part of the outer peripheral part and the valve mechanism to this hole An appropriate method such as connecting a flexible pipe can be used.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, in the automobile tire of the present invention, the outer periphery of the main body made of soft rubber is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the tire main body made of hard rubber as a main material. Is connected to the tire body by an expansion preventing member, and the inside of the tire body and the outer peripheral portion are each partitioned by a partition wall provided on the outer periphery of the tire body to form independent cavity portions, and the outer peripheral wall of the outer peripheral portion is formed. Providing studs in the concave and convex recesses formed on the surface and arranging the tips of these studs closer to the tire center side than the projecting ends of the convex parts, filling air into the cavities from outside the tire, and A valve mechanism that can discharge part of the air from the hollow part of the tire to the outside of the tire and send air from the hollow part of the tire body to the hollow part of the outer peripheral part can be operated externally on the inner peripheral part of the tire main body. Is installed in the Since the two hollow portions are communicated with each other, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, when traveling on a normal road surface, air is filled to a required air pressure equal to each other in the hollow portion of the tire main body and the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion, and the valve mechanism is closed. The tires are hardened up to the outer peripheral portion because they are tied up and do not expand. Therefore, it can run on a normal road surface like a normal automobile tire. Further, when traveling to a snowy road, the valve mechanism is operated from the outside of the tire to discharge a part of the air from the outer peripheral cavity to the outside of the tire, reducing the air pressure only in the outer peripheral cavity, Keep closed. In this state, the outer peripheral part is mainly made of soft rubber, and the air pressure in the cavity is low, and the entire outer peripheral part is soft, so the ground surface is surely grounded, and the tacks may ground. Therefore, you can drive safely on a snowy road without slipping. Then, when shifting from a snowy road to a normal road surface running, the valve mechanism is operated from outside the tire, and the hollow portion between the outer peripheral portion and the tire main body is made to communicate with each other via a pipe. In this state, a part of the air is sent from the hollow portion of the tire main body having a high air pressure to the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion having a low air pressure, and the air pressures of both the hollow portions of the outer peripheral portion and the tire main body become equal to each other. In this state, the air pressure in both cavities does not become much lower than the air pressure before discharging part of the air from the outer cavities. Therefore, normal traveling on the road surface can be performed without any trouble, and switching between this traveling state and the traveling state on the snowy road can be performed several times only by operating the valve mechanism. It suffices if the valve mechanism is operated to the portion to inject air, so that the switching can be easily performed. Further, as in the case of traveling on a snowy road as described above, a part of the air is discharged from the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion so that the road surface such as a mountainous area with severe unevenness can be comfortably driven. Moreover, the present invention provides tacks only on the projections and recesses formed on the outer peripheral wall surface of the outer peripheral portion of the tire, and the tips of these tacks are arranged closer to the tire center side than the projecting portions on the outer peripheral wall surface. It is said that the tack works only when driving on a snowy road, does not generate dust pollution when traveling on a normal road surface, and it is comfortable to ride, and it is also comfortable to ride even when running on a snowy road compared to hanging a slip prevention chain. effective.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic partial sectional view showing an automobile tire according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are front views and partial sectional views for explaining an expansion inhibiting member of the same embodiment, and FIG. Sectional view for explaining the structure of the valve mechanism of the embodiment, FIG.
(B) and (c) are operation explanatory views showing different states of the main part of the valve mechanism, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the main part showing an automobile tire according to another embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... Tire body, 2 ... Outer peripheral portion, 3 ... Partition wall wall, 6
…… Core material, 7 …… Hard rubber, 8 …… Outer peripheral wall, 8a …… Recessed portion, 8b …… Convex portion, 10 …… Core material, 11 …… Soft rubber, 12 ……
Tack, 13 ... Cavity of tire body, 14 ... Cavity of outer periphery, 15 ... Expansion blocking member, 16 ... Valve mechanism, 17 ... Valve box,
18 ... Air inlet, 19 ... Exhaust port, 20 ... Air inlet valve, 21,23 ...
… Cam operating valve, 22 …… Valve chamber, 24 …… Pipe, 25 …… Exhaust valve, 26 …… Operating shaft, 27 …… Eccentric cam, 28 …… Reversing plate, 29
…… Holding tube, 30 …… Pick.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An outer peripheral portion mainly made of soft rubber is integrally formed on the outer periphery of a tire body mainly made of hard rubber,
This outer peripheral portion is connected to the tire main body by an expansion preventing member, and the inside of the tire main body and the outer peripheral portion are each partitioned by a partition wall provided on the outer periphery of the tire main body to form independent cavity portions, and the outer peripheral portion is formed. Tack is provided in the concave and convex concave portions formed on the outer peripheral wall surface of the tire, and the tips of these tacks are arranged closer to the tire center side than the protruding end of the convex portion, and the air is filled from outside the tire into the both cavity portions. And a valve mechanism capable of discharging a part of the air from the hollow portion of the outer peripheral portion to the outside of the tire and feeding air from the hollow portion of the tire main body to the inner peripheral portion of the tire main body. An automobile tire, which is provided so as to be externally operable, and wherein the both hollow portions are communicated with each other by a pipe through the valve mechanism.