JPH0697562B2 - Hand lighting device - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hand illuminating device used for desk work such as reading and writing documents, performing fine drawings and manufacturing objects.

[Conventional technology]

As the lighting for office work, there is a task ambient lighting system that uses both local lighting and general lighting.

Of these, the local illumination is often an illumination device in which light emitted from a lamp as a light source such as a desk lamp directly illuminates an object (for example, a desk surface or a document).

It is often the case that an umbrella-shaped reflector is attached to the light source to obtain reflected light in addition to direct light, but this reflector has a white reflective surface, aluminum silver finish, or mirror finish. The one used is used.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

In such a conventional hand lighting device, since direct lighting or light similar thereto is emitted, the brightness of the lighting light source (lamp, reflecting plate) is extremely high, which is several tens of times higher than the room brightness, and glare (glare, glare) due to this. A).

This glare is a direct glare from the illumination source as above,
It is a reflection glare caused by the reflection of the desk surface and documents.

Further, in the conventional hand-held lighting device, for example, a light source is reflected on a paper surface such as a gravure, and a character portion is shiny and difficult to see, glare, and light curtain reflection that is a reflection causing discomfort, and directivity of direct illumination light. "Strong shadow" and "hand darkness" occur due to the strength.

Furthermore, the glare and light curtain reflex often cause eye strain as compared with the already-studied research example, reduce the contrast sensitivity of light and darkness of the eye, let the pupil of the eye shrink, and cause excessive autonomic nerves. There may be a burden and stress.

There is also a lamp called a silver ball, in which the light is not directly emitted from the metal vapor deposition portion.

When using this silver ball, surround the circumference with a bowl-shaped reflector and obtain all the light from the lamp as reflected light of the reflector, but the reflector is an aluminum silver finish or white melamine baking finish. Yes, if the reflector is an aluminum silver finish, the light intensity of the reflected light is strong, which causes glare.If the reflector is a white melamine baking finish, the brightness of the reflector is the same as that of the direct lighting. The brightness is as high as the brightness of the reflector, and it often causes the eyes to attract and cause glare.

Furthermore, since the bowl-shaped reflector has a small diameter of about 200φ,
The directivity of the illumination light is strong and causes "hand darkness" as in the case of the direct illumination, and the light curtain reflection and the reflection glare are not so small in many cases.

In addition, in general, conventional hand lighting devices have
Emphasis is placed on securing the JIS illuminance standard value, and many lamps, such as incandescent lamps, mini halogen lamps, and twin-tube fluorescent lamps, have a relatively large W number and dissipate heat with high brightness.

Such a light source often gives a worker a thermal scald and causes psychological stress.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the inconveniences of the conventional example, to prevent glare of the light source itself, reflection glare on the desk surface, and curtain reflection, and to provide a hand lighting device capable of reducing the occurrence of eye strain and autonomic nerve stress. To do.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention comprises a light source and a reflector having a low specular reflectance, a diffuse reaction property, and a certain size of a low-luminance color such as black or gray close to black. The gist is to obtain the indirect light by reflecting the direct light of the above with a reflector.

[Action]

According to the present invention, it is the indirect light reflected from the reflector that illuminates an object such as a document on a desk, and this indirect light has a diffuse reflectance property in which the reflector has a low specular reflectance and is black or black. Since it has a low lightness such as near gray, it has a weak light directivity and light intensity, and is a soft light.

As a result, the brightness of the desk top surface becomes uniform, the brightness around the desk top surface does not suddenly change, and the shadow of the writing instrument or the shadow of the hand shadow does not occur.

Further, even when the reflector is directly viewed, the brightness of the reflector is low, so that glare is not caused. It should be noted that the brightness of the reflector is relatively close to the brightness of the surrounding inner wall, ceiling and partition, and it is easy to be in harmony with the surrounding environment.

Further, even if the irradiation direction is from the back side of the desk top surface to the center of the desk top surface, the light source does not reflect on the desk top surface or the document, the desk top surface does not unnecessarily shine, and there is no light curtain reflection.

Furthermore, when the visual target is a three-dimensional object, the shadow of the three-dimensional surface is not stagnant.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a hand lighting device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the same.

The hand lighting device of the present invention comprises a light source 1 and a reflector 2.

A general lamp including a high-intensity lamp can be used as the light source 1, and a point light source such as an incandescent lamp or a halogen lamp or a linear light source such as a straight tube FL40W fluorescent lamp may be used.

Further, although it may have an umbrella-shaped reflector 3, all the direct light and the light reflected by the reflector 3 are directed toward the reflector 2.

The reflection plate 2 reflects the light of the light source 1 and illuminates the desk top surface 4 as indirect light. The reflection plate 2 has a diffuse reflection property with a low specular reflectance and has a low brightness and a low brightness such as black or gray close to black. It is a colored reflector.

The finishing material of the reflecting plate 2 is preferably a non-metal material such as heat-resistant paper or synthetic resin, and the surface has the diffuse reflection property as a rough finish such as matte coating.

Further, the size of the reflection plate 2 is at least about A4 to A3 size, and may be a single piece or a combination of a plurality of pieces.

The reflector 2 may be slightly concave (r = 0.3 to 1.0 m).

In the illustrated example, the light source 1 and the reflection plate 2 are provided at the tip of the movable arm 5, and the movable arm 5 is erected on a desk.

In the figure, 6 is a partition.

Next, the results of experiments conducted to confirm the effects of the present invention will be described.

〔experimental method〕

Comparative example: Direct lighting method A direct lighting method in which the position of the light source is fixed at the top of the partition (h = 1200 mm, light blue cloth covered) installed behind the desk (h = 715 mm, white type) Things (straight tube FL40
W, 1 unit, irradiation direction: set at the center of the desk top) Example of the present invention: Indirect lighting type Indirect lighting system in which the position and irradiation direction of the light source are movable (arm movable twin tube FL27W, 2 units, with reflector for indirect lighting, h = desk top + approx. 670 mm, irradiation direction: set at the center of the desk top) Subject was selected by an ophthalmic screening test 12
Name (24 to 37 years old, average age 29.2 years old, 11 men, 1 woman)
Then, 6 people were divided into two groups, A and B.

For each subject, the above-mentioned two types of hand lighting were used for 1 day each for desk work (design drafting, drawing check, document investigation,
Documents, etc.) were made to be measured and inspected 6 times a day. The subject seats were distributed near the center of the room where daylight (direct light) did not enter, and were arranged at right angles to the window surface. Further, the light source of the example of the present invention was set to a predetermined position / irradiation direction by the experimenter on the morning of the experiment, and was set again by the experimenter when the subject requested, so that the light source was semi-fixed.

[Experimental procedure]

At the designated time, each subject arrived at the examination room at intervals of about 7 minutes and, except for undergoing a series of examinations (about 15 minutes in duration), turned on the lighting at their own desks, performed desk work, and evaluated the light environment in the evening. (Evaluation by a questionnaire method at the own seat) was performed.

〔Experimental result〕

・ Light environment physical quantity The average illuminance on the desk surface is about 1600x (at least about 140
01x), in the case of the example of the present invention, it was about 1200x (at least about 10001x), which satisfied the JIS illuminance standard, and the average illuminance of each was almost constant during the day.

In FIG. 3 (comparative example) and FIG. 4 (inventive example), the subject (h =
The following shows the brightness distribution (typical example) centered on the desk top viewed from 1200 mm). The brightness distribution on the desk surface was often uniform in the case of the present invention, although the light source was often reflected in the center of the desk surface in the comparative example and the brightness was uneven.

The CRF (contrast rendering factor, at night) on the desk surface is 0.71 to 0.81 in the reflection part of the light source and 0.95 to 1.03 in the other parts in the comparative example, whereas In the case of 0.92 to 1.05 throughout the desk surface
And satisfied the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) standards (≧ 0.90).

-Light environment evaluation Compared to the present invention example, the comparative example has a "light source", "partition (back of desk)", "desk top (entire)", and "desk top document".
It was recognized that there were many complaints about glare caused by "reflection of the light source on the desk surface" and many complaints about "darkness of the desk top" and "light environment of the seat (general)". It was

・ Visual fatigue subjective symptom At the time of 16:30, 11 out of 12 comparative examples and 8 out of 12 according to the present invention complained of eye fatigue at 16:30. It was found that the load of the comparative example was not so light.

-Grating visual acuity / refraction / accommodation / pupil (area) reaction Figure 5 shows the results of examination of the grating visual acuity (contrast sensitivity in retina; converted to visual acuity after measurement of critical spatial frequency).

With the exception of the measurement value at 8:30 at the start of work, the comparative example caused a decrease in visual acuity at any time point.

In particular, the visual acuity at 16:30 at the end of work was 0.1 lower than at the start of work.

FIG. 6 shows the pupil (area) response during the response to the adjustment lamp.

Except at the start of work, the comparative example showed a higher degree of miosis (constriction of the pupil), tended to have insufficient mydriasis, and the pupil showed a tendency to shrink and the autonomic nerve was not overloaded. Showed a trend.

By the way, laptop type computers and word processors that have a non-emissive reflective liquid crystal display have a light source installed on the top of the back of the desk and a hand lighting device of the type that emits light in the front direction of the desk, The contrast of the characters on the display screen is weakened and the characters are hard to see, which may cause eye strain.

Therefore, by adjusting the angle of the reflection plate 2, as shown in FIG. 7, only for this non-emissive reflection type liquid crystal display 7,
The direct light of the light source 1 may be applied.

8 to 11 show an application example of the present invention. The reflection plate 2 may be within 3 m from the light source 1, and the light source 1 is separated from the movable arm 5 as shown in FIG. 1 on top 4
You may install in one piece or plural pieces.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
It may be provided on the inner or outer surface of the.

In the illustrated example, the reflector 2 is supported by the movable arm 5 attached to the partition 6, and a mirror 8 is provided for direct illumination of the non-emissive reflection type liquid crystal display. A part of the light is reflected to obtain spot light with a high light intensity and light directivity.

10a and 10b are similar to FIG. 9 in that the light source 1 is provided inside the partition 6 and is radiated from the upper opening of the partition 6 toward the reflection plate 2.
Was supported by the movable arm 5 attached to the partition 6.

Then, as illumination for the non-light emitting reflection type liquid crystal display, the first mirror 8 is provided on the surface of the reflection plate 2 and the second mirror 8'is supported by the movable arm 5 '.
It was provided opposite to.

A part of the light of the light source 1 is applied to the reflective liquid crystal display by two reflections of the first mirror 8 and the second mirror 8 '.

FIG. 11 shows the partition 6 on which the reflector 2 is directly formed.

By doing so, the partition 6 and the reflection plate 2 can be used in common, and a sheet or the like can be attached to the surface of the partition 6 to form the reflection plate 2. The partition and the reflection plate 2 may be concave curved surfaces such as the surface 6 '.

It is also possible in this case to ensure the illumination of the non-emissive reflective liquid crystal display using mirrors.

In addition to this, various variations are conceivable as applications of the present invention.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the hand lighting device of the present invention prevents glare of the light source itself, reflection glare and light curtain reflection due to reflection of light such as the desk top surface and documents, and makes the glare and the letters on the documents less visible. Etc. can be improved.

Further, as a result, eye strain is prevented and work efficiency is improved.

Further, in terms of visual function, the sensitivity of light and darkness (contrast sensitivity) is not reduced, and in addition to this, the burden on the autonomic nerve is lightened, and mental and neural stress is reduced.

As described above, according to the present invention, a psychologically and physiologically preferable healthy light environment can be realized, which contributes to both the working environment and productivity improvement.

It should be noted that the light source can be separated from the human body, and in that case, thermal hot flash of the light source can be prevented, which contributes to improvement of thermal comfort.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a hand illuminating device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, and FIG. 3 is a desk surface of a comparative example in an experimental example. Luminance distribution chart, FIG. 4 is the same as the luminance distribution chart of the present invention example, FIG. 5 is a graph of the test results of grating visual acuity in the experimental example, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a side view when a non-light emitting reflection type liquid crystal display is used, FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 10a is a perspective view showing the fourth embodiment, FIG. 10b is a side view showing the same as above, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the fifth embodiment. 1 ... Light source, 2 ... Reflector 3 ... Reflector, 4 ... Desk top 5, 5 '... Movable arm 6, 6' ... Partition 7 ... Non-emissive reflective liquid crystal display 8, 8 ' ……mirror

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location G02B 5/10 A 9224-2K

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A light source and a reflecting plate having a small specular reflectance, a diffuse reflection property, and a certain size of a color having a low lightness such as black or gray close to black, and reflect a direct light from the light source. Hand lighting device characterized by reflecting indirect light from a plate.