JPH0692043B2 - NC compound automatic lathe - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention relates to an NC compound automatic lathe that processes with a plurality of tools.

<Prior Art> Conventionally, two types of NC automatic lathes are known, one having a tool rest arranged radially (hereinafter, referred to as a comb-shaped tool rest) and one having a turret type tool rest. ing.

The comb-tooth tool rest is for processing a work by moving one or more of the plurality of tools arranged around the work toward the rotating work.

Since this turret does not have indexing rotation for tool selection, it has good machining accuracy, and a tool is usually attached as a tool.
It is suitable for those that require precision such as finishing.

On the other hand, for the turret type tool post, select one from the multiple tools attached at the indexing position, perform indexing rotation so that the tool will come to the specified machining position, and move that tool toward the workpiece. To process the work.

A large number of tools can be attached to this tool post, and it is possible to perform turning processing with a cutting tool, drilling with a rotary tool such as a drill and end mill, and secondary processing such as saray processing.

<Problems to be solved by the invention> By the way, in an automatic lathe equipped with a comb-shaped tool post, there is no need for indexing rotation to select a tool as described above, so the cycle time for tool selection is short and cutting is also possible. However, there was a problem that the number of tools was limited and the number of tools was insufficient, and other types of machining could not be performed.

Also, although an automatic lathe equipped with a turret type tool post can mount a large number of tools, since it performs indexing rotation to select the tool, it is less accurate than the comb tooth type tool post and it takes time to select the tool. was there.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite automatic lathe that is not limited by the number of tools and is also suitable for finishing.

<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a spindle for inserting a workpiece and projecting a workpiece front end portion for chucking, a guide bush for receiving the workpiece front end portion, and a spindle axis for the spindle. In an NC automatic lathe equipped with a headstock that rotates about the center and moves in the longitudinal direction of the work, the turret type tool rest that is disposed near the front end of the work and moves toward the center of the work, and Turret moving means for moving the turret type turret toward the work center, and a portion around the front end of the work excluding the movement region of the turret type turret are radially arranged toward the work center. It is characterized in that a plurality of moving tool rests are provided.

<Operation> In the above configuration, the turret type tool rest to which a large number of tools can be mounted is arranged near the front end of the work and is provided so as to move toward the center of the work. In a portion of the turret type tool rest other than the moving region, a plurality of tool rests having good processing accuracy are radially arranged and are provided so as to move toward the center of the work.

Therefore, for example, rough cutting can be performed by using a turret tool post, and finishing can be performed by using a plurality of tool posts provided in a portion of the turret tool post excluding the moving region.

Further, since the turret type tool rest and the plurality of tool rests can be independently driven, respectively, rough cutting and finishing can be simultaneously performed.

Further, if a rotary tool such as a drill or an end mill is attached to the turret tool post in addition to the bite, it is possible to carry out secondary processing such as flattening and horizontal drilling.

<Example> An example of a compound automatic lathe adopting the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

However, FIGS. 1 to 4 are a plan view, a front view, a sectional view taken along the line III-III and a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1, respectively, and FIGS. Is a side view and a cross-sectional view showing a detailed configuration of a comb-tooth-shaped tool post that constitutes this composite automatic lathe, so that FIG.
The structure of this combined automatic lathe will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, this combined automatic lathe has a main spindle 1 and a back spindle 4 for chucking a work w, a comb-shaped tool post 2 and a turret type tool post 3 for machining the work w on a bed 5. And a front turret 7 (second
See figure).

As shown in FIG. 1, the spindle 1 is for inserting the workpiece w and projecting the front end of the workpiece w for chucking. The spindle 1 is rotatably supported by the spindle head 11, and the spindle head 11 is placed on the bed 5. The guide groove is provided to feed the work w by moving it in a direction parallel to the axis of the work w (Z1 direction in the drawing) (see FIG. 2). The main shaft 1 is rotated by driving the main shaft rotating motor 12, and the main shaft 1 is moved in the Z1 direction by driving the Z1 direction moving mechanism 14. A position coder 15 for detecting the rotational position (indexing position) of the spindle 1 is attached to the upper part of the spindle stock 11 as shown in FIG.

A guide bush 13 is provided in front of the main spindle 1, and a turret type tool rest 3 is provided on one side of the front end of the work w protruding from the guide bush 13, while around the front end of the work w. Therefore, a comb blade type tool rest 2 in which a plurality of tool rests 21a to 21d are radially arranged is provided in a portion other than the moving region of the turret type tool rest 3 (see FIG. 4).

As shown in FIG. 5, this comb-tooth-shaped tool rest 2 has four tool rests 21a to 21d, on which various cutting tools 22a to 22d are mounted, arranged radially around the work w at equal angular intervals (45 °). The cutting edges of the cutting tools 22a to 22d are arranged so as to be movable toward the center of the work w. In addition, 23 'in the figure
Is a turret mounting portion that allows a new turret to be mounted in this portion when the turret-shaped turret 3 is detached and used to use this combined automatic lathe.

As shown in FIG. 5, the tool rest 21a is directly driven by the comb tooth-shaped tool rest moving motor 20 to move, while the tool rests 21b to 21d transmit the movement of the tool rest 21a via the link mechanism L. It is configured to move.

That is, the link mechanism L is a deformation T rotatably supported by the tool rest base 23 fixed to the bed 5 as shown in FIG.
It is composed of L-shaped levers A and B, and a link C which is a connecting rod connecting the levers A and B. The link mechanism L connects the lever A to the tool rests 21a and 21b and the lever B to the tool rests 21c and 21d, and the movement of the tool rest 21a is transmitted to the tool rest 21b and the link C via the lever A. On the other hand, it is also transmitted to the tool rest 21c and the tool rest 21d via the lever A, the link C and the lever B.

Next, the configuration of each turret 21a to 21d will be described.
Since the configurations of the tool rests 21b, 21c, 21d except a are the same, only the configurations of the tool rests 21a and 21b will be described with reference to the sectional views.

First, the tool rest 21a is, as shown in FIG.
A guide table 23a is provided on the slider 24a on the guide table 23a.
Slides in the workpiece w direction, that is, in the direction of the arrow X1a in the figure,
It is configured to cut the work w.

In other words, the tool base 23 below the tool rest 21a is provided with the comb tooth tool moving motor 20, and the rotating shaft 20a of the comb tool moving motor 20 and the ball screw 25a are connected via the coupling 26a. Has been done.

Then, a nut 28a to be screwed with the ball screw 25a is fixed to the lower side portion of the slider 24a, and the comb-shaped tool post moving motor 20
The rotation of the slider 24a causes the slider 24a to slide in the X1a direction.

A tool holder 27a having a tool 22a mounted on the slider 24a is provided on the side close to the work w, and on the opposite side, a connecting portion for connecting the lever A is provided.
29a is fixed with screws.

Next, in the tool rest 21b of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the slider 24b is placed on the guide base 23b in the work w direction, that is, in the figure.
The work w is cut by moving it in the X1b direction. Further, the tool rest 21b can be configured such that the cutting tool 22b can precede the cutting tools of other tool holders in the direction of the center of the work w, and can be retracted from the center of the work w when the tool 22b moves and reaches a predetermined position. There is.

That is, the slider 24b slides on the guide base 23b provided on the tool rest base 23 as described above, and the three springs 27b built in the guide base 23b always keep the work. It is attached in a state in which it is biased in a direction away from w.

On the slider 24b, in addition to the bite holder 24b 'having the bite 22b mounted thereon, a connecting portion 29b to which an external force for moving the tool rest 22b from the lever A is transmitted, a selection cylinder 25b, and an adjusting screw 26b. And are provided.

The connecting portion 29b is connected to the lever A, and the rod 2
Piston 28b in selection cylinder 25b which will be described later via 8 '
It is connected to the slider 24b and fixed to the lever A
The external force from the rod 28b ′ is not transmitted directly to the slider 24b.
And transmitted to the slider 24b via the selection cylinder 25b.

Further, the selection cylinder 25b has a built-in piston 28b connected to the rod 28 ', and switches the hydraulic pressure of the cylinder chambers 25b', 25b "on the basis of a command from a cylinder control circuit (not shown). The selection cylinder 25b changes the position of the piston 28b by switching its hydraulic pressure,
Relatively moving back and forth with respect to the piston 28b or the connecting portion 29b, the slider 24b is advanced in advance in the center direction of the work w to cause the cutting tool 22b to participate in cutting (select a tool rest),
Further, the cutting tool 22b has been preceded in advance, and acts to retract (return the tool rest) when reaching a predetermined position.

Further, the adjusting screw 26b is attached to the lower end of the selecting cylinder 25b with the tip of the adjusting screw 26b abutting against the rear end surface of the slider 24b, and its rotation changes the attaching position of the selecting cylinder 25b on the slider 24b, so that the blade can be cut beforehand. The cutting tool 22b of the table 21b precedes the cutting tools of the other turrets in the work w direction.

The above is the description of the configuration of the comb-tooth-shaped tool rest 2, and then
Returning to FIG. 1, the turret type tool post 3, the back spindle 4, the front tool post 7 and the control unit of this NC compound automatic lathe will be described in order.

First, this turret type tool post 3 is called an octagonal turret, and currently has tools 32a to 32d such as four cutting tools and drills.
Are mounted radially (see FIG. 4), but as described later, up to 9 tools can be mounted (8th
(See the figure), the indexing rotation is performed and the tool used for machining is set at a predetermined machining position.

In other words, this turret type turret 3 is supported by the turret turret base 36.
A dividing motor 33 for dividing and rotating the turret type tool rest 3 for indexing, and a turret tool rotating motor 34 for giving a rotating force to the tools 32a to 32d are attached to the 36.

The turret tool post base 36 is attached so as to be slidable on the bed 5 in the work w direction, that is, in the X2 direction in the figure. The turret tool post base 36 moves the turret type tool post 3 in the X2 direction. There is provided an X2 direction moving mechanism 35 as a turret moving means including a servo motor, a ball screw and the like.

Next, the configurations of the back spindle 4 and the front tool post 7 of this embodiment will be described.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the back spindle 4 chucks the work w from the opposite direction to the spindle 1, and is rotatably supported by the back spindle stock 41.

The back spindle 41 is attached to a back spindle slider 49. The back spindle slider 49 has a back spindle rotation motor 43 for rotating the back spindle 4 in addition to the back spindle 41, and a front hole on the front end surface of the work w. Three fixed tools 7a for machining
Front turret 7 equipped with 7c and tool 7a of front turret 7
7c is selected, and a cylinder 46 for moving the selected one in the work w direction by hydraulic control is attached (see FIG. 2).

The rear spindle slider 49 is placed in the direction of the workpiece w (see the figure).
It is installed so that it can move in the Z2 direction), and can move in a direction orthogonal to the same direction and inclined by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction (X3 direction in the figure) as shown in Fig. 3 (3rd direction). See figure).

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, on the bed 5, there is fixed a rear main spindle fixing base 48 having an inclined surface which is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction and is parallel to the X3 direction. Guide 4 for moving the rear spindle table 49a in the Z2 direction
8a is provided.

Then, as shown in the figure, the back spindle table 49a is guided by the Z2 direction moving mechanism 44 on the guide base 48a in a state of being inclined at 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction, and thus the axial direction of the work w, that is, Z2. It is configured to be moved in the direction.

Further, a guide surface in the X3 direction is formed on the rear spindle table 49a, and the rear spindle slider is placed on the guide surface.
49 is attached so as to be movable in the X3 direction by driving the X3 direction moving mechanism 45.

Below the rear spindle fixed base 48, a leg portion 51 supporting the bed 5 and a removable coolant tank 52 are provided (see FIG. 2). The clant tank 52 collects and discharges chips when processing the work w, and is provided with two types of filters 52a and 52b for filtering the cutting oil of the chips (see FIG. 3).

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the bed 5 is provided with a drop opening 47 so that the chips are accumulated in the coolant tank 52 when the workpiece w is processed, and the legs 51 are provided with the chips to the coolant tank 52. A guiding slant 51a is provided (see FIG. 2).

Further, in FIG. 1, 61 is an operation box, and 62 is a control box with a built-in NC device.

The above is the description of the configuration of the composite automatic lathe.

Next, processing of the work by the compound automatic lathe configured as described above will be described.

First, for example, in FIG. 4, a cutting tool 32a for rough cutting of the turret type tool rest 3 facing each other via a work w,
Tool bit 2 for finishing the tool post 21c in the comb-shaped tool post 2
2c.

In this case, in the turret type turret 3, the split motor 33 rotates the turret type turret 3 clockwise by 90 ° in order to set the cutting tool 32a at a predetermined processing position. Also,
In the comb-shaped tool rest 2, the tool rest 21c moves in the same direction at the same time as the tool rest 21a, so that the tool rest 2c is moved by the selection cylinder 25c.
1c is selected, that is, it is brought closer to the center of the work w, and the tool rest 21c is moved ahead of the tool rest 21a toward the work w by the adjusting screw 26c.

Then, the turret type tool rest 3 is moved by the X2 direction moving mechanism 35, the tool rest 21c is moved by the comb-tooth tool rest moving motor 20, and both the cutting tools 32a and 22c process the work w.

Therefore, according to this processing pattern, the cutting tool 32b of the turret type tool post 3 and the cutting tool 22c of the comb tooth type tool post 2 enable simultaneous rough cutting and finishing.

Further, since the cutting tool 32b and the cutting tool 22c are completely opposed to each other and the work w can be processed at the same time, the main component force and the back component force received by the guide bush 13 at the time of cutting are opposite to each other. While canceling each other out, the load received by the works w is offset to achieve perfect balance cutting, and the cutting efficiency and cutting accuracy can be improved.

Furthermore, since a rotary tool such as a drill is attached to the turret tool post 3, secondary processing such as front face drilling or horizontal hole drilling of the front end face of the work w is also possible.

It is also possible to perform simultaneous machining using a turret type tool post tool and two comb tooth type tool post tools.

In this case, the comb-shaped tool rest 2 is simultaneously moved 4
2 turrets that are moved in the same direction from within the turret
For example, select the bytes 22a, 22c of the turret 21a, 21c,
22a is for finishing, and 22c is for roughing.

Then, in the tool rest 21c, the hydraulic pressures of the cylinder chambers 25b ′, 25b ″ in the selected cylinders 25b are switched to bring the tool rest 21c closer to the work center direction (selection) and set at substantially the same position as the tool rest 21a. Further, in order to perform the roughing first and then finishing, the adjusting screw 26c is used to advance the roughing cutting tool 22c ahead of the finishing machining tool 22a by the finishing allowance.

In the comb-tooth shaped tool rest 2 set in this way, the comb-tooth-shaped tool rest movement motor 20 rotates when a drive command is sent to the comb-tooth shaped tool rest 2,
The tool rests 21a and 21c are moved forward.

At that time, when the bite 22c reaches the predetermined position set at the beginning, that is, the roughing completion position, a command is output from a cylinder control circuit (not shown), and the selection cylinder 25c of the tool rest 21c that was preceded by the command is Cylinder chamber 25c ′,
Switch the hydraulic pressure of 25c ″ to the return side.

Then, since the slider 24c is constantly urged in the direction away from the work w by the elastic force of the spring 27c, the slider 24c retracts with respect to the lever B or the connecting portion 20c, and the tool rest 21c as a whole moves away from the work w. Become.

Therefore, since the cutting tool 22c does not participate in cutting, after the rough cutting processing by the cutting tool 22c, the finishing processing can be performed by the cutting tool 22a up to a predetermined finishing dimension.

Therefore, according to this cutting pattern, it is possible to perform simultaneous cutting such as rough cutting first and then finishing by one comb-tooth tool post moving motor 20. Further, by adding the tool of the turret type tool post, the rough cutting and finishing can be performed. In addition to machining, several types of simultaneous machining such as inner surface machining are possible.

As a result, by combining the turret type tool post and the comb tooth type tool post, for example, the work w can be processed into a shape as shown in FIG. 9, the self-mounting degree of the processing increases, and the number of processing objects increases. The processing steps can be combined.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the present invention, the turret type tool rest is arranged near the front end of the work and is provided so as to move toward the center of the work, while the turret type cutting tool is provided around the front end of the work. Since a plurality of tool rests are arranged radially to move toward the center of the work, except for the moving area of the stand, simultaneous cutting such as rough cutting first and finishing can be performed, In addition, the turret type tool post enables several types of processing such as internal cutting and horizontal hole drilling.

As a result, the self-mounting degree of processing increases and the number of processing objects increases, so that the processing steps can be combined and the processing accuracy can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of an NC compound automatic lathe adopting the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same embodiment, and FIG.
A sectional view taken along line III-III of the same embodiment in the drawing, and FIG.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of the same embodiment, Fig. 5 is an enlarged side view of a comb-shaped tool rest in the same embodiment, and Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along line VI-VI of the tool rest 21a in Fig. 5, FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of the tool rest 21b in FIG. 5 taken along the line VII-VII, and FIG.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the turret type tool post, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the work w machined by this embodiment. 1 …… Spindle 3 …… Turret type turret 11 …… Spindle 13 …… Guide bush 21a-21d …… Turret 35 …… X2 direction moving mechanism (turret moving means)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A main shaft for inserting a work and projecting a front end of the work for chucking, a guide bush for receiving the front end of the work, and rotating the main shaft about a work shaft center and moving the work in a longitudinal direction of the work. In an NC automatic lathe equipped with a headstock, a turret type tool post which is arranged near the front end of the work and moves toward the work center, and the turret type tool post is moved toward the work center. A turret moving means and a plurality of turrets that are radially arranged and move toward the center of the work are provided in a portion around the front end of the work except the movement region of the turret-shaped turret. NC compound automatic lathe.