JPH0686765B2 - Legal framework construction method - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to improvement of a cast-in-place concrete frame construction method, in which concrete is placed in a combination mold made of foamed plastic that is built on the slope in accordance with the shape of the frame. The present invention relates to a method for constructing a method frame by pouring and removing each formwork after concrete is hardened.

[Technical background]

There are two types of framing work: cast-in-place concrete framing and precast framing using concrete blocks. The former has good adaptability to the ground and large resistance to earth pressure and slip pressure even under adverse conditions such as long slopes, steep slopes, spring cut soil, poor soil quality, and bedrock. Although it is ideal as a framing work, it has the drawback that it requires labor and cost for construction and requires advanced technology. This is mainly due to the labor and difficulty required for formwork construction and concrete placement.

Originally, cast-in-place concrete frame work leveled the slope evenly (rectified), and then built the formwork of the side and top surface parts according to the size of the slope with iron plate or plywood panel, It was done by pouring and placing. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to carry out the adjustment work and the construction work of the heavy formwork, it takes a lot of man-hours and is dangerous, and the workable place is limited.

Therefore, the mainstream method is to mix concrete with extremely low fluidity at the site when it is used for spraying instead of concrete with high fluidity (so-called ready-mixed concrete), and then spray it into the form using an air nozzle or the like. Has become. Therefore, the steel plate and plywood formwork can be easily installed because the top surface is unnecessary, and the combination of wire mesh and rebar (free frame construction method) is lightweight and easy to follow irregularities on the slope (ground). The number of places where construction can be done is increasing by adopting simple molds such as those made of corrugated cardboard and only sides (core frame construction method).

[Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention]

However, with regard to concrete, it is better to pour the material that has the greatest fluidity.

That is, in the case of spraying, large equipment such as a device for mixing concrete on site and a spraying device and an installation place are required,
The cost per unit area is extremely high, especially for small-area construction. In addition, the operation of hoses and nozzles is a heavy labor, and "rebounding" is mixed during the spraying work, and "su" is generated in the spraying part, which causes weakening of the legal frame, which requires skill of the worker. It was a costly task.

On the other hand, in the case of ready-mixed concrete (ready mixed concrete),
Since the quality is constant due to factory production, it has excellent strength and aesthetics, and because it is carried by a mixer truck and placed by a pump truck, it does not take up much space and is easy to operate. In the case of a small scale, it can be compounded on site with a mixer or the like and poured by hand, so that the cost can be significantly reduced compared to spraying.

In addition, the cost of the concrete for pouring is low because the amount of cement per unit volume is about half that of the concrete for pouring.

However, it is difficult to use the conventional iron plate or plywood formwork from the viewpoints of construction efficiency, cost, workable place, etc., and the above-mentioned simple formwork cannot cope with pouring.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and is most characterized in that a combination mold made of foamed plastic is used as a mold for cast-in-place concrete.

A foam plastic mold such as Styrofoam is lightweight and easy to work with, so it is easier and easier to assemble than an iron plate or plywood product, and it is easy to follow unevenness on the slope, and the top surface is also surely covered. In addition to being able to do it, it is tougher than the one made of corrugated board and has excellent water resistance and heat insulation.

Thus, the mold used in the present invention is composed of a foam plastic side mold having a polygonal shape in plan view and a top mold covering the upper surface between the molds. The side formwork is fixed at a large number of positions at appropriate intervals on the slope face with no reinforcement between the lower surface and the slope face and with reinforcing bars arranged and fixed between the formworks, and the top formwork is It is closely fixed to the subform. Then, concrete is poured into the space formed by the slope and the side and top molds by pouring, and after the concrete hardens, each mold is removed.

The side mold is usually constructed by combining unit side molds made of foamed plastic, such as U-shape, I-shape, L-shape, etc., in plan view, which is convenient for transportation, installation, and demolding. In addition, fixing individual unit side formwork to the slope can be done by directly anchoring or connecting adjacent side formwork with separators in advance and fixing this separator to the slope with anchors etc. To be At that time, if the ground is not adjusted or there is some unevenness, the lower surface of the unit side formwork or part of the ground is scraped,
Insert debris and foam plastic pieces to eliminate the gap,
It is good practice to prevent concrete leaks. In addition, in order to prevent bending and damage, it is advisable to reinforce the inside of each unit side frame with a flap material.

On the other hand, as the top mold, a foam plastic molded into a rectangular or other plate shape is used according to the shape between the side molds, but a plywood panel can also be used in some cases.
Then, the concrete is strongly pressed and fixed to the side formwork so as to prevent the concrete from leaking and counteract the pressure. For example, rebars, flaps, iron plates, etc. are placed sideways on the top formwork, and both ends are fixed by pressing them directly on the slope with anchors or U-shaped bars, or hooked on the end of the separator with metal fittings. Fix it, press the top mold with a string or rubber belt hooked on the end of the separator, anchor, U-shaped streak, etc., or combine the top mold with the side mold with duct tape or adhesive. In the case of the former two, if the flap material is placed vertically on the top formwork and is pressed from above, the number of parts to be pressed is small.

The material of the mold is not limited as long as it is hard and flexible, such as rigid foamed PVC, foamed polyolefin, and foamed ABS, but foamed polystyrene that is flexible and inexpensive even at a high expansion ratio is most preferable. In this case, the expansion ratio is about 20 to 100 times, more preferably about 30 to 50 times. In addition, it is preferable that the surface of the mold member is peeled off.

In addition, the shape and dimensions of each unit side mold and top mold are the shape of the legal frame and the cross-sectional dimension of each girder of the legal frame (generally 30 × 30 to 60 × 60
cm) and digit spacing (generally 1-5 m). Usually, the side frame is a square frame in plan view because it is a lattice frame, but there is also a series of tortoise shells and triangles, so the side frame is also adapted to it. Further, since the strength and aesthetics are enhanced by providing the haunches at the vertical and horizontal intersecting portions, it is preferable to make the corner portions of the side form frame round or bent. The extreme shape with rounded corners is an arc shape. For chamfering, a surface material having a triangular cross section may be provided on the upper surface of the unit side mold or the back surface of the top mold.

Next, for concrete, ready-mixed concrete of constant quality and easy to handle is preferable, but of course soft concrete prepared on site may be used. Use a normal slump value (about 6 to 12) for concrete. When pouring concrete, it is advisable to pour it while applying vibration in order to fill it without any gaps. Also, since it is difficult to place the concrete when the frame is completely installed, first fix only the side formwork on the slope, then fix the top formwork to a part of the lower end of the slope and place concrete. It is advisable to perform this operation alternately to reach the top of the slope. Since there is a risk that the pouring of concrete for cross girders may not be carried out sufficiently, it is advisable to make a hole in the center and fill from there.

[Examples and modifications]

 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment) FIGS. 1 to 7 show an example of the method of the present invention, in which the side surface formwork (1) made of expanded plastic having a quadrangular shape in plan view has a gap between the lower surface and the slope (N). So that the reinforcing bars (2) are arranged and fixed between the molds so that they are fixed at a large number of positions on the slope (N) at appropriate intervals (L), and then the upper surface of the intervals (L) is covered. After the top mold (3) is closely fixed to the side mold (1), the space (K) composed of the slope (N) and the side mold (1) / top mold (3) On concrete (C)
Is cast by pouring, and after the concrete is hardened, the molds (1) and (3) are removed to form the method frame (W).

The side formwork (1) of the present example is formed by combining four L-shaped unit side formwork (4) ... so as to be easily released from the mold, and both end sides of each unit side formwork (4). The part is chamfered to aid demolding. Assembling is done by inserting the U-shaped insertion portions (5a) and (5a) of the separator (5) from the outside into the unit side formwork (4) as shown in FIG. 4, and inserting the wire from the inside. The two unit side molds (4) and (4) are integrated by sequentially inserting the hooking metal fitting (6) bent in a θ shape, the flap material (7), and the retaining bar (8) made of rebar. . In this way, the side molds (1) are successively built on the entire slope. However, the outermost part is I
In the same manner, the side unit formwork (9) ...

In addition, each separator (5) is connected to a reinforcing bar (2) such as a reinforcing bar or a plastic bar, and the separator (5) or the reinforcing bar (2) is connected.
The main anchors (10) and the auxiliary anchors (11) are connected to each other, and these anchors (10) and (11) fix the position of the side formwork (1) to the slope (N). . By inserting the retainer (8) into the slope (N), the side form (1) can be fixed more firmly. In addition, the interval (L) between the unit side molds is the same as the supporting part (5b) of the separator (5).
・ Determined by the interval of (5b).

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, adjacent side molds (1), (1)
The top formwork (3) is placed so as to cover the interval (L) of the above, the flap material (12) is placed on the top formwork (3), and the pressing rebars (13) are attached to the hook metal fittings (6), (6). ) Through the side formwork (1)
And fix it tightly. The flap material (12) can be omitted.

However, if the top formwork (3) is fixed all at once, it will be difficult to place concrete. So, for example, from the bottom of the slope (or from the middle or from the bottom and the middle), fix the top formwork (3) by one step (in Fig. 2), and fix the concrete (C ₁ ). pouring concrete (C ₂₎ to the next parts, part the concrete (C ₃₎ between the top portion formwork fixing the pouring strokes set of (3) may be performed alternately. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the cross girder portion is provided with holes (14) in the unit side formwork (4), and concrete can be poured from here as well to facilitate pouring.

In this example, since there is a haunch (H), the top formwork (3) is a combination of a rectangular shape (3a) in plan view and an octagonal shape (3b) for intersection as shown in Fig. 6 (a). I am using it. Further, chamfered portions (3c) ... For forming the surface (M) are provided on the respective back surfaces. In addition, each top mold (3a), (3b) to prevent concrete from leaking from the seam of the mold.
"Aijakuri" (3d), (3e) should be provided at the end of the. Hexagonal top part formwork (3f) shown in FIG. 6 (b),
(3g) is the octagonal one divided into two,
It is possible to bend along the unevenness of the slope (N).

Then, after all the concrete has been cast and the curing period has passed, the mold is removed (removal of the form). The demolding is carried out in the reverse order of the above-mentioned building of the mold, and as shown in FIG. 7, a haul (H) and a surface (M) are provided, and a method frame (W) having a good surface finish is obtained. . The bottom of the legal frame may be integrated with the retaining wall.

(Modification) Next, FIG. 8 shows an example of an undulating slope (N) in which straightening is simply performed or omitted.

In this case, first, the lower surface of the side formwork (1) is shaved at the convex portion (a) of the slope (N), and the concave portion (b) is filled with debris or foamed plastic lumps to eliminate the gap. Further, a plate-like material or a foam plastic piece is inserted into the gap (c) between the unit side molds (4).

Next, the top formwork (3) is warped and fixed along the unevenness of the slope (N). First, of the intersections (the same applies to the horizontal girders), the top mold (3b) on the lower side (d) is warped convexly, and the top form (3b) on the upper side (e) is concave. Adjust the position of the flap so that it warps and fix it. Further, in the vertical girder portion (f), the flap material (12) is omitted (it can be used if it has some flexibility), and the top formwork (3a) is warped in the concave to form the side formwork (1). Fix tightly. Therefore, top formwork (3)
Instead of the hooking metal fitting (6) and the pressing reinforcing bar (13), a fixing tool that can be tightened as shown in FIG. 9 is used.

This fixture, the tightening fitting (15) shown in FIG. 9 (a),
It consists of a holding metal fitting (16) shown in FIG. The tightening metal fitting (15) is screwed to the body screw (15a) provided with notches (15b) and (15b) for hooking and fixing the insertion portion (5a) of the separator (5) and the thumb screw (15d). It consists of a threaded portion (15c). The main body (15a) is made of a thin iron plate so that it can be inserted between the unit side formwork (4) and the flap material (7). Further, the holding metal fittings (16) are notches (16b), (16b) which are fitted into the screw portions (15c) at both end portions of the iron plate body (16a).
b) is provided. Then, the position of the pressing fitting (16) can be easily adjusted by rotating the thumbscrew (15d).

There are various other conceivable fasteners that can be tightened. For example, as shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), the hook metal fitting (1
7) the same as the above-mentioned tightening fitting (15), the separator (5)
, And hook each band or string on the upper ring (17a) to fix. In the figure, reference numeral (17b) is a notch, and (17c) is a protrusion. Or the ring (17a)
Then, hook the hook (18a) of the rubber band with hook (18) shown in (C) of the figure, or fasten the PP band (19) for packing as shown in (d) of the figure through the ring (17b). The top formwork (3) and the side formwork (1) are tightly fixed by, for example, tightening and fixing with a stopper (19a) using a container.
It should be noted that it is advisable to insert a pad (20) at the position where these bands or cords come into contact. Instead of the flap material (12), a pressing metal fitting (21) as shown in FIG. 10 (e) may be used for pressing the top formwork (3b). Although illustration is omitted, it is also conceivable to use a cloth adhesive tape or a hot-melt type adhesive for fixing the side mold (1) and the top mold (3).

In each of the above examples, the chamfered portion (3c) was provided on the top mold (3), but as shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), the chamfered portion was formed on the upper edge of the unit side mold (4). A part (4a) may be provided. Alternatively, the chamfer may be omitted.

In addition to the above, the side part formwork (1) includes two U-shaped unit side part formwork (22) as shown in FIG. 12 (a) and an L-shaped unit side part form as shown in FIG. 12 (b). It can be configured by two molds (23) or by combining two I-shaped unit side molds (24) and (25), as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 7D, six hexagonal unit side molds (26) can be combined to obtain a hexagonal side mold (1). Other side forms (1) of various shapes and configurations are conceivable.

(Other Embodiments) FIG. 13 shows another example in which the state of position fixing of the side formwork (1) to the slope (N) is different.

In this, the reinforcement bars (2) ... bundled by the hoop muscles (27) are arranged and fixed on the slope (N) by the anchors (10), (11), and the I-shaped wide unit side is appropriately spaced. Formwork (28)
A set of four pieces is fixed to the slope (N) by the formwork anchors (29) ... to form the side part formwork (1), and no haunch is provided. Further, a cloth adhesive tape (30) is attached to the corner of the side formwork (1) for reinforcement.

Next, the rectangular top molds (3a) ... (3h) ... are placed (FIG. (B)) and fixed to the side molds (1). The fixing method is to fix the pressing rebar (13) to U
It can be fixed with a letter anchor (31) or hooked with a hooking metal (6) on a horizontal core (32) that has been inserted into the side formwork (1) from the side as shown in (d). The pressing metal fitting (34) is inserted into the screw-shaped body (33) connected to the hoop muscle as described above, and the thumbscrew (35) is tightened and fixed.

Also in this case, the fixing of the top formwork (3) may be performed alternately with the concrete pouring.

〔effect〕

As described above in detail, the present invention assembles unit side molds made of foamed plastic, fixes a large number of side molds having a polygonal shape in plan view on the slope, and covers the upper surface of this space. The frame is pressed and fixed to the side mold to build the mold, and concrete is poured into the mold to pour the concrete to construct the legal frame.

Therefore, it has the following advantages and features as compared with the conventional cast-in-place concrete frame work.

In addition to being easily processed in the field, the side formwork is a combination of unit side formwork, and it is easy to deal with the unevenness of the slope, and the work of adjusting the slope can be omitted or simplified.

Due to its light weight, it is safe even on steep slopes and other severe working conditions.
It can be done quickly, and the cost of building the formwork and the construction period can be greatly reduced.

The top formwork can be fixed easily and securely without nailing or tightening a large number of bolts, and since the top formwork can be used for pouring concrete, the equipment required for spraying is not required and special skills are required. Therefore, it is possible to provide a low-cost and versatile technology.

It has excellent water resistance because it is a foamed plastic, and it can be installed regardless of weather conditions, and because it has excellent heat insulation and heat retention properties, it can be placed at temperatures around -4 ° C (usually 5 ° C).
As mentioned above), the strength is more than 50% of the design value (190 kg / m ² ), and the one having excellent appearance and strength can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIGS. 1 to 7 show an example of the method of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a state in which a large number of side molds are fixedly positioned on the slope, and FIG. 2 is a top mold with side molds. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the frame fixed to the frame, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the built-in form, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state where the unit side part form is assembled, and FIG. A schematic cross-sectional view, FIG. 6 (a) is a rear perspective view of the combined top mold, FIG. 6 (b) is a rear perspective view showing another example of the top mold, and FIG. 7 is the obtained method. It is a perspective view of a frame. FIG. 8 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the built-in form, FIG. 9 (a) is a plan view of the tightening fitting, FIG. 9 (b) is a plan view of the holding fitting, and FIG. 10 (a). -(B) is a plan view of different hooks, (c) is a perspective view of a rubber band with a hook, (d) is a cross-sectional view of the top frame fixed using a PP band, (e) ) Is a perspective view of a state in which other holding metal fittings are used, FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are cross-sectional views of different combination molds, and FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (d) are different unit side portions. It is a top view of a side part formwork using a formwork. FIG. 13 shows another example, (a) is a plan view in which the side formwork is fixed to the slope, (b) is a plan view in which the top formwork is fixed, (c), (D) And (e) is sectional drawing of the built-in form of a respectively different state. 1 …… Side form 2 …… Reinforcing bar 3 …… Top form 4 ・ 9 ・ 22 ・ 23 24 ・ 25 ・ 26 ・ 28 …… Unit side form 5 ・ ・ ・ Separator 6 ・ 17 ・ 18… … Hooking metal fittings 7 ・ 12 …… Flap material 8 …… Retaining material 13 …… Pressing rebar 15 …… Clamping fittings 16 ・ 21 ・ 34 …… Holding metal fittings 19 …… Rubber band with hook 20 …… PP band N …… Slope C …… Concrete W …… Slope

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plan view polygonal foam plastic side mold is appropriately spaced on the slope with a reinforcing bar arranged and fixed between the molds so that there is no gap between the bottom and the slope. After opening and fixing in multiple positions, then the top formwork that covers the upper surface of the above intervals is closely fixed to the side formwork, and then concrete is poured into the space composed of the slope and the side formwork / top formwork. A method for constructing a method frame, which is characterized in that each formwork is removed after the concrete is hardened. 2. The side formwork is formed by combining unit side formwork units made of foamed plastic, such as U-shape, I-shape, and L-shape in plan view, in combination. How to build a legal framework. 3. The top formwork is fixed alternately with pouring of concrete from the bottom formwork of the side formwork or a part of the side formwork at an arbitrary intermediate position so as not to interfere with the pouring of concrete. However, the method of constructing a legal framework according to claim 1, which reaches the uppermost stage.