JPH0684702U - Battery mounting mechanism for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] The battery can be replaced even if the switching device fails. When the battery 2 is automatically replaced by the automatic battery changer M1, the stopper 23 is pressed by the pressing means 34 of the opening / closing switching device 24, and the battery mounting hole 22 is automatically switched to the releasing posture P2. Here, the pressing means 34 and the stopper 23 can freely contact and separate from each other, and when the pressing means 34 fails and cannot be expanded or contracted, the operator can manually put the stopper 23 in the release posture P2. .

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle, such as a battery-powered automatic guided vehicle, which can be operated for a long time and a large capacity battery can be automatically replaced.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 Amid the great changes in the environment of production and logistics in recent years, great efforts are being made toward unmanned production lines and distribution lines. As part of this, electric vehicles such as unmanned guided vehicles (AGVs) equipped with information processing technology such as sensors and control units are being used. If such unmanned operation can be achieved, it is possible to increase the operating time, which has been the limit in terms of labor management. Here, as a power supply for an electric vehicle, there is a method of using a power supply by automatic charging, but when it is desired to set a high operating rate such as 24 hours operation, there is a disadvantage that the number of times of charging must be increased by automatic charging. is there. Therefore, in the case of high operating rate, a mechanism to automatically replace the large capacity battery is adopted.

FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show a battery automatic exchange M1 of a general battery type electric vehicle. In FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, 1 is an electric vehicle, 2 is a battery, 3 is a battery charging carriage, 4 is a battery charger, 5 is a battery charging electrode, and 6 is a battery charging carriage 3. Rails 7 are cylinders for loading and unloading the battery 2 with respect to the electric vehicle 1. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, a magnet 9 that is ON / OFF switched by electrical control is fixedly provided at the tip of the rod 8 of the cylinder 7. Further, the battery charging trolley 3 has a plurality of battery storage chambers and reciprocates on the rail 6, and the charged battery 2 inside is positioned at a position corresponding to the cylinder 7 and the electric vehicle 1. To be done. The battery 2 is formed in a simple rectangle of 540 mm × 265 mm × 459 mm, for example, and has a weight of 105 kg.

A general automatic battery exchange procedure using the automatic battery exchange M1 will be briefly described. At the time of drawing in the discharged battery, first, as shown in FIG. 11, the battery charging cart 3 is moved on the rail 6, and the empty storage chamber in which the battery 2 is not stored is positioned at a position corresponding to the cylinder 7. In addition, the electric vehicle 1 is stopped at a predetermined position adjacent to the battery charging cart 3 and on the opposite side of the cylinder 7. Next, as indicated by An in FIGS. 8 and 10, the rod 8 of the cylinder 7 is extended, the magnet 9 at the tip of the rod 8 is turned on, and the rod 8 is attracted to the peripheral surface of the discharged battery 2 in the electric vehicle 1. Let me Then, the rod 8 is shortened like Bn in FIG. 8, and the discharged battery 2 is moved to the empty storage chamber of the battery charging cart 3. After that, the magnet 9 at the tip of the rod 8 is turned off, and the cylinder 7 is separated from the discharged battery 2.

On the other hand, when loading the charged battery, first, the battery charging cart 3 is moved on the rail 6, and the storage chamber storing the charged battery 2 corresponds to the cylinder 7 as shown in FIG. Position in position. Next, as indicated by Bn in FIG. 8, the rod 8 of the cylinder 7 is extended and the rod 8 is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the charged battery 2 in the battery charging cart 3. Further, the rod 8 is extended like An in FIGS. 8 and 10, and the charged battery 2 is moved to the battery mounting portion 1 a of the electric vehicle 1. Then, the rod 8 is separated from the charged battery 2. If the above operation is performed at regular intervals, full operation for 24 hours a day becomes possible.

[0006]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 In a battery-powered electric vehicle such as an AGV, it is necessary to prevent the battery 2 from coming out when the vehicle is used, and therefore, it is necessary to attach a stopper 1b to the battery mounting portion 1a as shown in FIG. In this case, since the battery is automatically replaced, the stopper 1b needs to be automatically opened / closed by the automatic opening / closing switching device. Here, FIG. 13 shows an example in which the stopper 1b can be retracted inwardly from the bottom wall 1c of the battery mounting portion 1a. It is switched to the immersion posture Pb shown by the dashed line. However, if the automatic opening / closing switching device of the stopper 1b fails during use of the battery 2, for example, the stopper 1b cannot be switched to the retracted posture Pb while being in the projecting posture Pa. In this case, the battery cannot be replaced, and the electric vehicle 1 cannot be operated, resulting in a great loss of work. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle 1 that allows manual battery replacement even if the automatic open / close switching device for the battery removal prevention stopper fails.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14, in the battery charging cart 3, since the electrodes need to be connected to the battery 2, the guide width W1 of the guide 3a for guiding the battery 2 is the battery width W2 (= 459 mm). ) Requires high accuracy. Further, since it is necessary to reliably connect the electrodes of the battery 2 to the battery 2 in the electric vehicle 1, the positional accuracy of the battery 2 in the electric vehicle 1 is important. Therefore, high accuracy is required for the hole width W2 a of the electric vehicle 1. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, only a margin t of 0 mm to 2 mm can be provided between the battery width W2 and the guide width W1 of the guide 3a and the hole width W2a of the electric vehicle 1. In such a case, unless the stop position accuracy of the electric vehicle 1 is improved so much, the battery 2 is inclined with respect to the traveling direction, and its corner is caught between the electric vehicle 1 and the battery charging carriage 3. As a result, automatic replacement of battery 2 will stop. Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle that can prevent the automatic replacement from being stopped due to the battery being caught.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, the problem solving means according to claim 1 of the present invention is mounted at a battery mounting portion 10a of a vehicle body 10 having a battery mounting hole 22 and an opening of the battery mounting hole 22. A stopper 23 for preventing the battery 2 from coming off and an open / close switching device 24 for switching the stopper 23 between a battery removal preventing posture P1 and a battery releasing posture P2 are provided. In the battery mounting mechanism of an electric vehicle that is enabled, the opening / closing switching device 24 includes a biasing unit 33 that biases the stopper 23 toward the battery removal prevention posture P1 and a biasing unit 33 that resists the biasing unit 33. And a pressing means 34 for pressing the stopper 23 until the battery releasing posture P2 is reached. It is one that is a.

The problem solving means according to claim 2 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, is provided with a positioning means 12 for positioning the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10 at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange M1. The positioning means 12 includes a recess 14 formed on either one of the stop position of the floor surface where the vehicle body 10 stops and the vehicle body 10, and the recess position 14 from the other stop position of the floor surface and the vehicle body 10. And a biasing member 16 that biases the convex portion 15 toward the concave portion 14. The convex portion 15 and the convex portion 15 contact the concave portion 14 and / or the convex portion 15, respectively. The contact surfaces 17 and 18 are formed to be inclined.

The problem solving means according to claim 3 of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 4, provided with a storage case 41 for storing the battery 2, and front and rear ends of the storage case 41 toward the battery mounting hole 22 in the traveling direction. The width W4 of the portions 42 and 43 is substantially the same as the hole width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10, and the width W5 of the central portion 44 of the storage case 41 is the hole width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10. It was made smaller.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the taper 47, 48 is formed in the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the automatic battery exchange M1.

As shown in FIG. 5, the problem solving means according to claim 5 of the present invention is provided with a positioning means 12 for positioning the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10 at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange M1. Reference numeral 12 is a recessed position on the floor where the wheels 37 of the electric vehicle stop.

[0013]

[Action]

 In the problem solving means according to claim 1, when the battery 2 is automatically replaced by the automatic battery changer M1, the pressing means 34 of the open / close switching device 24 presses the stopper 23 until the battery release posture P2 is reached, and the battery is mounted. The hole 22 is automatically switched to the open state. By the way, when the pressing means 34 breaks down and cannot be expanded or contracted, when the battery 2 is to be replaced, the pressing means 34 and the stopper 23 are separated from each other, so that the operator manually attaches the stopper 23. The battery releasing posture P2 can be set against the biasing means 33. Therefore, even if the switching device 24 fails, the battery can be manually replaced.

According to the second aspect, the biasing member 16 causes the convex portion 15 to project toward the concave portion 14, and the convex portion 15 is fitted into the concave portion 14, so that the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10 is automatically inserted into the battery. Positioning can be performed accurately at a position corresponding to the exchange M1. Then, in the conventional case, when the guide of the automatic battery changer M1 and the battery mounting hole 22 are misaligned, the battery 2 comes into contact with the guide and the battery mounting hole 22 so that the battery 2 tilts with respect to the traveling direction, and its corners. Although the part may be caught in the guide of the automatic battery changer M1 and the battery mounting hole 22, the above-mentioned catching can be prevented by improving the positioning accuracy. Moreover, since the contact surfaces 17 and 18 of at least one of the concave portion 14 and the convex portion 15 are inclined, the concave portion 14 and the convex portion 15 can be smoothly inserted and removed.

In the third aspect, when the storage case 41 storing the battery 2 is transferred between the battery mounting hole 22 and the automatic battery changer M1, the storage case 41 has a front end portion 42, a central portion 44, and a rear portion. The process proceeds in order of the end portion 43. Here, since the width W5 of the central portion 44 of the storage case 41 is smaller than the hole width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10, even if the storage case 41 is inclined with respect to the traveling direction, It is possible to prevent the central portion 44 from coming into contact with the wall surface of the opening of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening of the automatic battery changer M1. Therefore, even when the stop position of the vehicle body 10 is displaced, the storage case 41 can be efficiently transferred between the battery mounting hole 22 and the automatic battery exchange M1.

In the fourth aspect, since the taper 47, 48 is formed in the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the automatic exchange M1, it is possible to widen the width of both the opening 45, 46. . Then, even if the stop position of the vehicle body 10 is inaccurate and the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the automatic battery changer M1 are displaced from each other, the width at the boundary surface between them can be reduced. The storage case 41 can be efficiently delivered.

According to the fifth aspect, the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10 can be accurately positioned at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange M1 simply by fitting the wheel 37 into the recess 51.

[0018]

【Example】

 (First Embodiment) An electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention is an optically guided or magnetically guided vehicle (AGV) equipped with information processing technology such as a control unit and installed on the floor. Automatically runs while detecting the optical guiding tape or magnetism with an optical sensor or magnetic sensor. As the AGV, there are a charging system and a battery replacement system, but the AGV of the present embodiment employs a battery replacement system so that it can operate for a long time such as 24 hours. That is, the body 10 of the AGV has a battery mounting mechanism built-in, and a large capacity battery 2 is mounted and automatically mounted in the battery mounting mechanism using a battery automatic exchange M1 similar to the conventional one as shown in FIG. Will be exchanged. Therefore, each device and parts constituting the automatic battery exchange M1 are described using the same reference numerals as those in the conventional example.

Here, when the battery 2 is automatically replaced in the AGV, it is necessary to reliably connect the electrode in the AGV to the battery 2. In such a case, unless the accuracy of the stop position of the AGV is improved so much, the battery 2 tilts and is caught between the AGV and the battery charging cart 3 as shown in FIG. 15, and the automatic replacement of the battery 2 is stopped. Resulting in. Therefore, in this embodiment, the AGV stop position error is reduced to about ± 1 mm by the positioning means 12 as shown in FIG. 2, for example. As shown in FIG. 2, the position determining means 12 includes a truncated cone-shaped recess 14 formed at a stop position of a floor surface 13 on which the vehicle body 10 travels, on which the vehicle body 10 stops, and the vehicle body 10. It is composed of a substantially columnar convex portion 15 protruding from the concave portion 14 toward the concave portion 14, and a biasing member 16 for biasing the convex portion 15 toward the concave portion 14. The concave portion 14 is formed so as not to hinder the traveling of the vehicle body 10 and the walking of the work vehicle, and the contact surface (side wall) 17 that abuts the convex portion 15 has the convex portion 15 inserted and removed. Is formed so as to be smooth. The convex portion 15 projects downward from the bottom surface of the vehicle body 10, and the contact surface (side wall) 18 that abuts against the concave portion 14 is formed so as to be smoothly inserted into and removed from the concave portion 14. . A general coiled compression spring is used for the biasing member 16. If the convex portion 15 is attached to the bottom surface of the vehicle body 10, the convex portion 15 will run while rubbing the floor surface 13 even when the convex portion 15 is not fitted in the concave portion 14, which is not preferable in actual use. . Therefore, when the vehicle body 10 is not required to be positioned, a raising device 16a is provided for raising the convex portion 15 against the urging force of the urging member 16. A general actuator or the like is used as the raising device 16a, and the convex portion 15 can be moved up and down except when it is raised.

As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, the AGV battery mounting mechanism includes a battery mounting portion 10 a of the AGV vehicle body 10 having a battery mounting hole 22, and the battery mounting hole 22. A stopper 23 for preventing the battery 2 attached at the opening from coming off and an opening / closing switching device 24 for switching the stopper 23 between a battery removal preventing posture (closed state) P1 and a battery releasing state (open state) P2. I have it.

The battery mounting portion 10 a is disposed in the center of the vehicle body 10, the battery mounting hole 22 is formed in the battery mounting portion 10 a in the left-right direction, and an electrode (not shown) is formed on the wall of the battery mounting hole 22. Built in. The hole width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 has an error of about ± 1 mm with respect to the guide width W1 of the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3 shown in FIG. 3, and the battery width W2 (= 459 mm). Is set with a margin of 0 mm to 2 mm. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 (A) to 1 (C), the battery 2 is placed on the bottom surface of the battery mounting hole 22 and is freely rotatable around the horizontal axis 25 in order to facilitate the loading / unloading of the battery 2. A plurality of rollers 26 are attached.

As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, the stopper 23 is a metal plate or a hard resin plate formed in a substantially wedge shape in a side view, and a horizontal shaft 27 is attached to an outer corner of the upper portion thereof. The horizontal shaft 27 is rotatably supported on the bottom surface of the opening of the battery mounting hole 22 via a bearing 28. Further, the inner side edge of the upper portion of the stopper 23 functions as a regulating portion 29 that abuts the mounted battery 2 and regulates its movement. Further, a contact plate 32 with which a pressing means 34, which will be described later, contacts is integrally formed in the lower portion of the stopper 23 in a direction orthogonal to the plate surface of the stopper 23. When the stopper 23 rotates clockwise about the horizontal axis 27 in the clockwise direction R1 as shown in FIG. 1 (A), the stopper 23 assumes a battery removal prevention posture P1 for preventing the battery 2 from being removed, and FIG. When the battery 2 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction R2 around the horizontal axis 27 as shown in (C), the battery 2 is placed in the battery releasing posture P2 in which the battery 2 can be attached and detached.

The open / close switching device 24 biases the stopper 23 toward the battery removal prevention posture P1 side, and the stopper 23 in the battery release posture P2 against the biasing means 33. It is composed of a pressing means 34 which presses until

The urging means 33 is a coil spring interposed between the vicinity of the mounting position of the pressing means 34 of the battery mounting portion 10 a and the lower end of the stopper 23.

A general electromagnetic drive cylinder is used as the pressing means 34, and the rod 35 extends based on a signal from the control device 34 a, so that the tip end portion 36 of the rod 35 abuts against the stopper 23. The plate 32 is pressed outward. The tip end portion 36 of the rod 35 contacts the contact plate 32 of the stopper 23 even when the rod 35 is shortened because the lower end portion of the stopper 23 is biased inward by the biasing means 33. Incidentally, the tip end portion 36 of the rod 35 and the abutting plate 32 of the stopper 23 are separated from each other. This allows the operator to manually set the stopper 23 in the battery releasing posture P2 when the pressing means 34 fails and cannot be expanded or contracted. In addition, 37 in FIG. 2 is a wheel of the electric vehicle, and 38 in FIG. 3 is a spherical roller.

A method for automatically replacing the battery 2 in the above configuration will be described. First, when the discharged battery is automatically drawn in, first, as shown in FIG. 3, the battery charging cart 3 is moved on the rail 6, and the empty storage chamber in which the battery 2 is not stored corresponds to the cylinder 7. To position. Further, the vehicle body 10 is stopped at a position adjacent to the battery charging cart 3 and on the opposite side of the cylinder 7. At this time, the accuracy of the stop position of the vehicle body 10 is an issue, but as the vehicle body 10 automatically travels while being detected by an optical sensor or a magnetic sensor, as shown in FIG. When the convex portion 15 on the 10 side faces, the lifting device 16a is turned off, the convex portion 15 is projected toward the concave portion 14 by the biasing member 16, and the convex portion 15 is fitted into the concave portion 14. The vertical pressing force of the concave portion 14 and the convex portion 15 is converted into a horizontal pressing force by the inclined surface of the contact surface 17 of the concave portion 14 and the inclined surface of the contact surface 18 of the convex portion 15. The vehicle body 10 stops at the desired position. As a result, the stop position error of the vehicle body 10 is reduced to about ± 1 mm. Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the rod 8 of the cylinder 7 is extended, the magnet 9 at the tip of the rod 8 is turned on, and the rod 8 is moved to the peripheral surface of the discharged battery 2 in the vehicle body 10 as indicated by An in FIG. Adsorb to. At about the same time, the rod 35 of the pressing means 34 is extended and the contact plate 32 of the stopper 23 is pressed outward against the biasing force of the biasing means 33. Then, as shown in FIG. 1 (B), the stopper 23 rotates in the counterclockwise direction R2 around the horizontal axis 27 into the battery releasing posture P2, and the restricting portion 29 advances the battery 2 at the bottom of the battery mounting hole 22. Down to a position that does not interfere with. Thereafter, the rod 8 is shortened as shown in FIG. 3, and the discharged battery 2 is moved to an empty storage chamber of the battery charging cart 3 as indicated by Bn in FIG. At this time, since the stop position error of the vehicle body 10 is reduced to about ± 1 mm, the battery 2 is prevented from being tilted and caught between the electric vehicle 1 and the battery charging cart 3 as shown in FIG. it can. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a situation where the automatic battery replacement is stopped.

Thereafter, the magnet 9 at the tip of the rod 8 is turned off, and the cylinder 7 is separated from the discharged battery 2. At this point, the rod 35 of the pressing means 34 is shortened. Then, as shown in FIG. 1A, the stopper 23 is rotated in the clockwise direction R1 about the horizontal axis 27 by the urging force of the urging means 33 and returns to the battery removal prevention posture P1.

On the other hand, at the time of automatic loading of the charged battery, first, the battery charging cart 3 is moved on the rail 6, and the storage chamber in which the charged battery 2 is stored is positioned at a position corresponding to the cylinder 7. Next, the rod 8 of the cylinder 7 is extended, and the rod 8 is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the charged battery 2 in the battery charging cart 3 as indicated by Bn in FIG. Further, the rod 8 is extended and the charged battery 2 is moved to the battery insertion hole 22 as indicated by An in FIG. At this time, since the lower end of the charged battery 2 moves so as to be pressed against the upper side of the stopper 23, the stopper 23 moves around the horizontal axis 27 due to the pressure from the charged battery 2 as shown in FIG. It rotates in the counterclockwise direction R2 to the battery release posture P2. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, when the rod 8 further extends and the rear end portion of the charged battery 2 exceeds the stopper 23, the stopper 23 is urged by the urging means 33, as shown in FIG. , Rotates in the clock direction R1 about the horizontal axis 27 and returns to the battery removal prevention posture P1. Then, the rod 8 is separated from the charged battery 2, and the automatic loading is completed. If the above operations are performed at regular intervals, full operation for 24 hours a day becomes possible.

Here, the pressing means 34 may fail due to deterioration of electrical components due to vibration or shock during work, or deterioration over time. At this time, the pressing means 34 may not be able to expand and contract. However, in this embodiment, since the tip end portion 36 of the rod 35 and the abutting plate 32 of the stopper 23 can freely come into contact with each other, the operator can manually push the upper side of the stopper 23 downward. As shown in FIG. 1C, the stopper 23 rotates counterclockwise about the horizontal axis 27 in the counterclockwise direction R2 to be in the battery releasing posture P2. Therefore, even if the pressing means 34 fails and cannot expand or contract when the discharged battery is pulled in, the battery 2 can be pulled in manually. When the charged battery is automatically loaded, the stopper 23 is set in the battery releasing posture P2 as shown in FIG. 1C due to the weight of the charged battery 2 without using the pressing means 34 as described above. Therefore, the operator does not need to manually rotate the stopper 23. In this way, even if the open / close switching device 24 for the battery removal prevention stopper fails, the battery can be replaced manually, so that a large work loss can be prevented.

Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, in order to prevent the battery 2 from being caught between the battery mounting hole 22 and the battery charging carriage 3, the stop position accuracy of the vehicle body 10 is adjusted by the positioning means 12. However, the battery mounting mechanism of the electric vehicle (AGV) according to the second embodiment of the present invention omits the positioning means 12 and prevents the battery 2 from being caught even when the stop position accuracy of the vehicle body 10 is low. It is configured to do.

The battery mounting mechanism of this embodiment includes a storage case 41 for storing the battery 2 as shown in FIG. The storage case 41 is constructed so that the electrodes are pulled out from the internal battery 2 to the outer peripheral surface, and the battery 2 is charged in the storage case 41 while being charged on the battery charging cart 3 shown in FIG. It is mounted in the battery mounting hole 22 for use. As shown in FIG. 4, the width W4 of the front and rear ends 42, 43 of the storage case 41 toward the battery mounting hole 22 is substantially the same as the width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10. There is. The width W5 of the central portion 44 of the storage case 41 is smaller than the hole width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10.

Further, the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3 are tapered so as to efficiently transfer and guide the storage case 41 even when these positions are deviated. 47 and 48 are formed.

Other configurations, such as the stopper 23 and the opening / closing switching device 24, are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 (A) to 1 (C).

In the above configuration, the storage case 41 in which the battery 2 is stored is moved from the battery mounting hole 22 to the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3 or the battery case is mounted from the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3. When moving to the hole 22, the storage case 41 sequentially advances in the order of the front end portion 42, the central portion 44, and the rear end portion 43. Here, if the stop position of the vehicle body 10 is inaccurate, the storage case 41 tilts with respect to the traveling direction as shown in FIG. However, since the tapers 47 and 48 are formed in the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3, the widths of the openings 45 and 46 can be increased, Even if the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3 are displaced from each other, it is possible to reduce the narrowing of the width at the boundary surface between them. Further, since the width W5 of the central portion 44 of the storage case 41 is smaller than the hole width W3 of the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10, even if the storage case 41 is inclined with respect to the traveling direction, the center of the storage case 41 is It is possible to prevent the portion 44 from coming into contact with the wall surface of the opening 45 of the battery mounting hole 22 and the opening 46 of the battery guide 3a of the battery charging cart 3. Therefore, the storage case 41 can be efficiently transferred between the battery mounting hole 22 and the battery guide 3a even when the positions of the openings 45 and 46 are misaligned.

(Third Embodiment) As shown in FIG. 5, the battery mounting mechanism of the electric vehicle (AGV) according to the third embodiment of the present invention locates the battery mounting hole 22 of the vehicle body 10 at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange M1. As the positioning means 12 for determining, a recess 51 is formed at a stop position on the floor where the wheels 37 of the AGV stop. The recess 51 is formed to be shallow enough to allow the wheel 37 to escape by its rotational force, and the contact surface (side wall) 52 that contacts the wheel 37 is formed to be inclined. The other configurations, such as the stopper 23 and the opening / closing switching device 24, are the same as those in the first embodiment.

According to this embodiment, the convex portion 15 and the biasing member 16 required in the first embodiment can be omitted, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and it goes without saying that many modifications and changes can be made to the above embodiment within the scope of the present invention.

For example, in each of the above embodiments, the stopper 23 is rotatably supported about the horizontal shaft 27, but it may be configured to move up and down as shown in FIG. In this case, it is desirable to attach the knob 54 to the stopper 23 so that the stopper 23 can be manually moved down. Further, the stopper 23 may be supported on the side wall of the opening of the battery mounting hole 22 so as to be rotatable around the vertical axis.

Further, in the first embodiment, the concave portion 14 of the positioning means 12 is formed on the floor surface 13 and the convex portion 15 is attached to the vehicle body 10. However, when this is done, the convex portion 15 is not fitted into the concave portion 14. In order to prevent the floor surface 13 from being rubbed at times, it is necessary to raise the convex portion 15 with an actuator or the like. Therefore, if the concave portion 14 of the positioning means 12 is formed on the vehicle body 10 and the convex portion 15 is attached to the floor surface 13 as shown in FIG. It is possible to prevent rubbing against the floor surface 13.

[0040]

[Effect of device]

 As is apparent from the above description, according to claim 1 of the present invention, the biasing means for biasing the stopper toward the battery removal prevention posture and the stopper against the biasing means are pushed to the battery releasing posture. Since the opening / closing switching device is composed of the pressing means and the stopper can be freely contacted with and separated from the pressing means, when the pressing means fails and cannot be expanded or contracted, the operator needs to replace the stopper. Can be manually placed in the battery release posture against the biasing means. Therefore, even if the open / close switching device is out of order, the battery can be replaced manually, and the work loss can be reduced.

According to the second aspect, from the stop position of the floor surface where the vehicle body stops and the concave portion of any one of the vehicle body, the convex portion on the other side, and the biasing member that biases the convex portion toward the concave portion. Since the position determining means is configured, the battery mounting hole of the vehicle body can be accurately positioned at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange. Then, it is possible to prevent the battery from being inclined with respect to the traveling direction, and the corner portion thereof being caught between the electric vehicle and the battery charging cart to stop the automatic battery replacement. Further, since the contact surface of at least one of the concave portion and the convex portion is inclined, the concave portion and the convex portion can be smoothly fitted and removed.

According to the third aspect, the width of the front and rear ends of the storage case for storing the battery is set to be substantially the same as the hole width of the battery mounting hole of the vehicle body, and the width of the central portion of the storage case is mounted to the battery of the vehicle body. Since the width of the hole is smaller than the width of the hole, when passing the storage case between the battery mounting hole and the automatic battery exchange, even if the storage case is tilted with respect to the traveling direction, the center of the storage case is It is possible to prevent contact with the wall surface of the opening and the opening of the automatic battery exchange. Therefore, even when the stop position of the vehicle body is displaced, the storage case can be efficiently transferred between the battery mounting hole and the automatic battery exchange.

According to the fourth aspect, since the opening of the battery mounting hole and the opening of the automatic battery exchange are tapered, the width of both openings can be increased. By doing so, even if the stop position of the vehicle body is inaccurate and the opening of the battery mounting hole and the opening of the automatic battery changer are displaced from each other, it is possible to mitigate the narrowing of the width at the boundary surface between them and the storage case. Can be delivered efficiently.

According to the fifth aspect, the stop position on the floor where the wheels stop is formed as a concave as the positioning means. Therefore, the battery mounting hole of the vehicle body can be installed in the battery automatic exchange simply by fitting the wheel into the concave. It has the excellent effect that it can be positioned at the corresponding position and that it can be prevented from being caught due to the inclination of the battery with a simple configuration.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a battery mounting mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) shows a state in which a stopper is in a battery removal preventing posture, and (B) shows a stopper by a pressing means. The figure which shows the state which made the battery release attitude | position, (C) the figure which shows the state which made the stopper the battery release attitude | position by manual or the load of a battery.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a positioning means of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an electric vehicle and a battery automatic exchange according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a state in which the battery is tilted during battery replacement in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a positioning means of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a battery mounting mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a positioning means according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a conventional electric vehicle and a battery automatic exchange.

FIG. 9 is a front view showing a conventional automatic battery changer.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing a conventional electric vehicle and a battery automatic exchange.

FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a general automatic battery drawing operation.

FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view showing a general automatic battery loading operation.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a conventional stopper.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a state in which batteries are loaded in a conventional electric vehicle.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a state in which the battery is tilted during battery replacement in the related art.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 battery 10 vehicle body 10a battery mounting portion 12 positioning means 14 concave portion 15 convex portion 16 biasing member 17, 18 abutting surface 22 battery mounting hole 23 stopper 24 opening / closing switching device 33 biasing means 34 pressing means 37 wheel 41 storage case 42 front end Part 43 Rear end part 44 Central part 45 Opening part 46 Opening part 47,48 Taper 51 Recessed part P1 Battery drop-out preventing posture P2 Battery releasing position M1 Battery automatic exchange machine

Claims (5)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A battery mounting portion of a vehicle body having a battery mounting hole, a stopper for preventing the battery mounted at the opening of the battery mounting hole from slipping out, and the stopper having a battery disconnection preventing posture and a battery releasing posture. An opening / closing switching device for switching, and a battery mounting mechanism of an electric vehicle in which a battery can be automatically replaced by an automatic battery changer, wherein the opening / closing switching device biases the stopper toward the battery removal prevention posture side. Means and pressing means for pressing the stopper against the biasing means until the battery is released, and the stopper can be freely contacted with and separated from the pressing means. Battery mounting mechanism for electric vehicles. 2. The battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning means for positioning the battery mounting hole at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange.
The positioning means includes a recess formed in one of the stop position of the floor surface where the vehicle body stops and the vehicle body, and a projecting portion that can move back and forth from the other stop position of the floor surface and the vehicle body toward the recess portion. And a biasing member that biases the convex portion toward the concave portion, and the contact surface of the concave portion and / or the convex portion is formed to be inclined. A battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle. 3. The battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a storage case for storing the battery is provided, and a width of front and rear ends of the storage case in a traveling direction toward a battery mounting hole is a battery of the vehicle body. A battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle, which has substantially the same size as a hole width of a mounting hole, and a width of a central portion of the storage case is smaller than a hole width of a battery mounting hole of a vehicle body. 4. The battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a taper is formed at an opening of the battery mounting hole and an opening of the automatic battery exchange. 5. The battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: positioning means for positioning the battery mounting hole of the vehicle body at a position corresponding to the automatic battery exchange, and the positioning means is a wheel of the electric vehicle. A battery mounting mechanism for an electric vehicle, wherein a stop position of a floor surface at which the vehicle stops is formed in a concave shape.