JPH067988A - Filler material for clapping by welding on al material surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To stably and inexpensively produce a wear resistance and heat resistant alloy layer, so as not to generate welding defects such as lack of fusion, peeling, pit and blow hole by applying Al metal plating of the specified quantity on Cu base wire rod. CONSTITUTION:Al metal plating is applied on a surface of the wire rod composed of Cu base material, making the plating quantity 50-80% of the wire rod total weight. The structure of cladding by welding layer made of the filler material of Al plated Cu base material is composed of alpha phase and theta phase (CuAl2) on the high Al side, the existence of theta phase provides wear resistance and heat resistance. That is, when Al plating quantity exceeds 85%, Cu quantity in the cladding by welding layer produced by welding becomes insufficient to almost produce phase only, the hardness does not reach Hv150, not suitable for a wear resistance material. On the other hand, when Al plating quantity is under 50%, the brittle eta2 phase is generated to cause crack.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention provides a stable and economical wear-resistant and heat-resistant layer on the surface of an Al-based material, and further, gas shield arc and plasma with few welding defects such as pits and blow holes. The present invention relates to a filler metal for arc overlay welding.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, Al or Al alloy has been used in a wide range of fields including automobile parts because it is lighter in weight and excellent in heat conductivity and corrosion resistance as compared with steel materials. However, Al alloys generally have higher strength, wear resistance, and
It is inferior in heat resistance, and if the Al alloy material is as it is,
The parts and parts that can be applied as substitute materials for steel materials are limited. Further, even when Al or Al alloy is already used, in recent years, further improvement in durability is required as the use environment becomes severe. As a countermeasure, in addition to the improvement of the Al alloy itself, a method of forming a wear resistant and heat resistant layer on the surface is used. For example, there are a method of forming a thin hard coating layer by PVD and CVD, and a method of forming a relatively thick hard coating layer by thermal spraying. However, the film formed by these methods is very hard, but the adhesion to the base material is weak, and there is a risk of peeling or falling off during use, resulting in poor reliability. Furthermore, PVD and CVD have a low film formation rate, and it is difficult to form a thick film. In the case of thermal spraying, there are problems in terms of environment such as generation of noise and light rays, and there is a problem that the adhesion to the substrate is low and peeling occurs during use. On the other hand, there is disclosed a method of forming a hard alloy layer by melting an alloying metal together with the surface of a base material using a high-density energy source such as an electron beam, a laser and an arc. By these methods, a hard layer having a certain degree of hardness can be formed. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-27587, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, etc., applied to an Al alloy piston by an electron beam,
An alloying treatment technique of Ni is disclosed. Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-72456, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-72458 also discloses a Cu alloying technique using an electron beam. Also, JP-A-61-166982 and JP-A-61-1705
Japanese Patent No. 78 discloses a technique for alloying Ni and Fe by TIG arc. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 64-11073 also discloses a technique for alloying Cu with an arc. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-179569, Al or Al alloy powder and NbC powder, TiC powder, V
A method for surface hardening an Al-based material by TIG arc using a mixed powder with C powder is disclosed.

[0003]

Similar to the present invention, these alloying treatment techniques have a high joining force and are promising because the base material and the treatment layer are metallurgically bonded to each other. There is a problem. (1) Similar to the present invention, the above-mentioned alloying technique uses Al of the base material,
The surface of the Al alloy is melted and a metal is added from the outside to form an alloy layer. However, when the addition method, conditions, and welding heat input conditions change, the melting amounts of Al and Al alloy of the base material change, which causes a change in the obtained alloy layer composition. In particular, when powder is used as the filler material, there are problems such as stable feeding of the filler material and segregation of the composition, and it is difficult to obtain an alloy layer having a uniform composition. For example, in a mixed powder of ceramics such as NbC and TiC powders and Al alloy powder, ceramics such as carbides are generally crushed powders and thus are irregular shaped powders, stable feeding is difficult, and mixed powders having different specific gravities are A compositionally uniform feed is difficult. Therefore, since the dilution amount of the added metal varies, the composition of the obtained alloy layer becomes non-uniform,
This causes fluctuations in properties such as wear resistance and heat resistance. (2) Usually, the metal added for alloying is A of the base material.
It is difficult to form a uniform alloy layer because it has a higher melting point than that of the Al alloy. If an electron beam with a high density of energy is used, an alloyed metal having a high melting point can be easily melted and a uniform alloy layer can be obtained. However, since the alloying treatment by electron beam is performed in a vacuum container, Al, Al
If the alloy is overheated, blowholes and pits are likely to occur and productivity is low. A laser has a high energy density like an electron beam, but for Al and Al alloys,
Not suitable because of low absorption rate. Further, since the electron beam and laser devices are expensive, the cost of the applicable parts is high. (3) When welding Al and Al alloys, H
₂ , H ₂ O, N _2, etc. are easily occluded, welding defects such as pits and blow holes are easily generated, and the gas component brought from the filler metal is a major factor in the generation thereof. Metal powder such as Al alloy powder is generally produced by the gas atomizing method or the water atomizing method, and contains a large amount of gas as shown in Table 1 as compared with the solid wire. Therefore, when a metal powder such as an Al alloy powder is used as the filler, there is a problem that welding defects such as blow holes and pits are likely to occur due to the gas contained in the powder. The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the alloying treatment as described above, and its object is to use a wire containing a small amount of gas in the filler metal on the surface of the Al-based material. As a result, welding defects such as pits and blowholes do not occur, wear resistance with high bondability to the base material, heat resistant alloying layer is stable, gas shield arc, plasma arc overlay that can be obtained at low cost To provide a filler metal for welding.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of the present invention as a build-up material on the surface of an Al-based material is as follows. The plating amount is 50 to 8 with respect to the total weight of the wire.
The point is that it is 5%. The overlay welding means used for the filler material of the present invention is gas shield arc (TIG, MIG welding) or plasma arc overlay welding method (PTA welding), which are simple welding methods.

[0005]

According to the present invention, the inert gas shielded A
In the arc generated between the l-base material base material and the non-consumable electrode, the filler material plated with Al metal is fed to the surface of the wire material made of the Cu-based material, or the surface of the wire material made of the Cu-based material By feeding a consumable electrode plated with Al metal to the Al, an alloyed layer containing Cu can be formed on the surface of the Al-based material. Specifically, a build-up material for forming a wear-resistant / heat-resistant alloyed layer on the surface of an Al-based material was examined. As a result, the desired wear resistance and heat resistance can be stably obtained, and further,
It has been found that it is desirable to apply Al plating to Cu or Cu alloy wire from the viewpoint of economical efficiency, manufacturability (drawability) and the like. Further, the hardness of the alloyed overlay obtained in this case is required to be Vickers hardness Hv150 or more from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and if it is less than Hv150, improvement of wear resistance is not expected. The structure of the overlay layer made of the Al-plated Cu-based material as the filler is composed of an α phase and a θ phase (CuAl ₂ ) on the high Al side, and due to the existence of the θ phase, it has wear resistance and heat resistance. That is, when the Al plating amount exceeds 85%,
Since the amount of Cu in the overlay obtained by welding is insufficient,
Only the phases are present, and the hardness does not reach Hv150, which is not suitable for wear resistant materials. On the other hand, when the Al plating amount is less than 50%, a brittle η ₂ phase appears and cracking occurs. Therefore,
Al plating Cu-based filler material has an Al plating amount of 50-
It must be within the range of 85%. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of an Al-plated Cu-based filler metal according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for producing an Al-plated Cu-based filler material according to the present invention comprises a Cu-based wire, if necessary, an appropriate wire drawing,
After annealing and pickling, the surface of the Cu-based wire is plated with a predetermined amount of Al, and then wire drawing is performed to a finished size, and then wound on a reel. In this case, hot dipping is adopted as the plating means. In addition, the Cu-based wire of the core wire of this filler material is an alloy element of an ordinary Cu alloy, such as S.
i, Ni, Sn, Mn, P, Zn, Fe, Al and the like may be contained in a range that does not affect toughness and wire drawability.

[0006]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 was used to confirm the effect of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram showing an example of a plasma arc overlay welding device. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a tip portion of the plasma arc welding torch, the plasma arc welding torch 1 is provided with a non-consumable electrode 2 at the center thereof, and the torch inner cylinder 3 and the torch inner cylinder 3 are provided outside the electrode 2. A torch outer cylinder 4 is provided.
A plasma working gas passage 5 is provided between the electrode 2 and the torch inner cylinder 3, and a shield gas passage 6 is provided between the torch inner cylinder 3 and the torch outer cylinder 4. An inert gas such as argon is supplied to the plasma working gas passage 5 as the plasma working gas. An inert gas such as argon is supplied to the shield gas passage 6 to shield the overlay metal from the atmosphere. An Al alloy plate 7 as a base material is installed below the plasma arc welding torch 1 configured as described above. The Cu-plated Al-based filler material 9 is supplied into the plasma arc 8, and the Al alloy plate 7
The overlay metal 10 is formed on the surface. A predetermined pilot current is supplied from the pilot power supply 11 between the non-consumable electrode 2 and the torch inner cylinder 3.
A predetermined welding current can be supplied from the main AC power supply 12 between the non-consumable electrode 2 and the Al alloy plate 7. Further, a high frequency generator 13 for plasma arc ignition is arranged between the non-consumable electrode 2 and the torch inner cylinder 3. Next, in order to confirm the effect based on the present invention, overlay welding was performed with the combination of the base material, the filler material and the welding method shown in Table 1. In the TIG and MIG welding methods of the gas shielded arc welding method used in the examples, as is well known, an argon gas which does not react with a metal even at a high temperature is used as a shield gas, and a tungsten rod of a non-consumable electrode or a consumable metal wire and This is a method in which an arc is generated between the material to be welded and the heat is used to perform overlay welding. Table 2 shows the welding conditions according to each welding method. Table 3 shows the examination results of the appearance and cross section of the overlay metal obtained by the above alloying treatment. The hardness of the overlay metal is a measurement result at a position 1 mm below the bead surface, as shown in FIG.

[0007]

[Table 1]

[0008]

[Table 2]

[0009]

[Table 3]

No. 1 in Table 3 1 to 3, 11 and 12 are overlay welding performed by using the plasma arc overlay welding apparatus shown in FIG. No. 4-6,13,
No. 14 is performed by the TIG welding method. No. 7
Nos. 10, 15 and 16 are alloyed by the MIG welding method. No. For comparison, reference numerals 17 and 18 are obtained by performing plasma arc overlay welding using Cu-Al alloy powder as a filler material. No. 1 to 10 satisfy the requirements of the present invention, and the alloyed layer on the surface of the base material has a predetermined hardness and is free from fusion defects and cracks. Furthermore, since the amount of gas in the filler metal is small, blowholes, No welding defects such as pits were observed, and good bondability and bead appearance were obtained. No. In Nos. 11, 13, and 15, the amount of Al plating exceeds the upper limit of the composition range of the present invention, and no welding defect is recognized, but the hardness of the overlay metal is insufficient. No. 12, 14,
No. 16 was less than the lower limit of the Al plating amount, the Cu content was large in the overlay metal, the unevenness of hardness was large due to the nonuniform structure, and cracks were also recognized. No. In Nos. 17 and 18, since Cu-Al alloy powder was used as the filler material, blowholes frequently occurred due to the gas contained in the filler material in a large amount. The build-up metal contained appropriate amounts of Cu and Al, defects such as cracks were not recognized, and a good bead shape was shown.

[0011]

As described above, according to the filler metal for overlay welding on the surface of the Al-based material of the present invention, there are poor fusion, peeling,
A welding resistance such as pits and blow holes does not occur, and a wear-resistant and heat-resistant alloyed layer having high bondability with a base material can be stably formed at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of a manufacturing process of a filler metal for overlay welding on the surface of an Al-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a plasma arc overlay welding apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for measuring the hardness of the overlay metal of the present invention or a comparative example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Plasma arc welding torch 2 Non-consumable electrode 3 Torch inner cylinder 4 Torch outer cylinder 5 Plasma working gas passage 6 Shield gas passage 7 Al alloy plate 8 Plasma arc 9 Al plating Cu-based filler material 10 Overlay metal 11 Pilot power supply 12 Main AC power supply 13 High frequency generator A Hardness measurement position

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C22C 9/01 C23C 30/00 B

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A filler metal for overlay welding on the surface of an Al-based material, characterized in that the surface of a wire made of a Cu-based material is plated with Al metal. 2. A surface of a wire material made of a Cu-based material is plated with Al metal, and the plating amount is 50 to 50% of the total weight of the wire material.
The filler metal for overlay welding on the surface of an Al-based material according to claim 1, wherein the filler metal is 85% (% by weight; the same applies hereinafter).