JP3020670B2 - Cu-Al composite wire for overlay welding on Al-based material surface - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a Cu-Al composite wire for gas-shielded arc and plasma arc overlay welding in which a wear-resistant and heat-resistant layer is stably and economically obtained on the surface of an Al-based material. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Al or Al alloys are used in a wide range of fields, including automobile parts, because they are lighter in weight and have better thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance than steel materials.
However, Al alloys are generally inferior in strength, abrasion resistance, and heat resistance as compared with steel materials, and the parts and components that can be used as substitutes for steel materials are limited if the Al alloy materials are used as they are. Even in the case where Al or Al alloy is already used, further improvement in durability is required in recent years as the use environment becomes severe. As a countermeasure, A
In addition to improving the alloy itself, a method of forming a wear-resistant and heat-resistant layer on the surface has been performed. For example, PVD, CVD
And a method of forming a relatively thick hard coating layer by thermal spraying. However, the films formed by these methods are very hard, but have low adhesion to the substrate, and may be peeled off during use and have poor reliability. Further, PVD and CVD have low film formation speeds. However, it is difficult to form a thick film. In the case of thermal spraying, there is a problem in terms of environment such as generation of noise and light rays, and there is a problem such as peeling off during use due to low adhesion to a substrate.

On the other hand, there has been disclosed a method of forming a hard alloy layer by melting an alloying metal together with a substrate surface using a high-density energy source such as an electron beam, a laser, or an arc. With these methods, a hard layer having a certain degree of hardness can be formed. For example, JP-A-55-275
No. 87 discloses a technique for alloying V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni into an Al alloy piston by an electron beam. 62-72456, 62
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 75458/75 also discloses a technique for alloying Cu with an electron beam. Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-166
982 and JP-A-61-170578 disclose a technique for alloying Ni and Fe using a TIG arc. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-11073 also discloses that the C
A technique for alloying u is disclosed. JP-A-58-1
No. 79569 discloses a method of hardening a surface to an Al-based material by a TIG arc using a mixed powder of Al or an Al alloy powder and NbC powder, TiC powder, and VC powder as a filler material.

[0004] These alloying treatment techniques, like the present invention,
Since the base material and the treatment layer are metallurgically bonded, the bonding strength is high and this is a promising technique, but has the following problems. (1) Similar to the present invention, the above-described alloying technique uses Al,
The surface of the Al alloy is melted, and a metal is added from the outside to form an alloy layer. However, when the addition method, conditions, and welding heat input conditions change, the melting amount of Al and the Al alloy of the base material changes, which causes a change in the layer composition of the obtained alloy. In particular, when powder is used as the filler material, there are problems such as stable feeding of the filler material and segregation of the composition, and it is difficult to obtain an alloy layer having a uniform composition. For example, in a mixed powder of ceramics such as NbC, TiC powder and the like and an Al alloy powder, ceramics such as carbide are generally crushed powders and thus are irregular shaped powders. Therefore, stable feeding is difficult. Compositionally uniform delivery is difficult. Therefore, since the amount of dilution of the added metal fluctuates, the composition of the obtained alloy layer becomes non-uniform, which causes fluctuations in properties such as wear resistance and heat resistance.

(2) Usually, the metal added for alloying has a higher melting point than Al and the Al alloy of the base material, so that it is difficult to form a uniform alloy layer. When an electron beam of a high-density energy source is used, an alloyed metal having a high melting point can be easily melted to obtain a uniform alloy layer. But,
Since the alloying process by electron beam is performed in a vacuum vessel,
If Al or an Al alloy is overheated, blow holes and pits are likely to be generated, and the productivity is low. A laser has a high energy density like an electron beam, but is not suitable for Al and Al alloys because of its low absorptivity. In addition, since both the electron beam and laser devices are expensive, the parts to which they are applied are expensive.

(3) In the welding of Al and Al alloy, H ₂ , H ₂ O, N ₂ , O _{2 and the} like are easily absorbed in a molten state, so that welding defects such as pits and blow holes are easily generated. The gas component brought from the filler is a major factor in the generation. Metal powders such as Al alloy powders are generally produced by a gas atomization method or a water atomization method,
It contains more gas than solid wire. Therefore, when a metal powder such as an Al alloy powder is used as the filler material, the gas contained in the powder causes blow holes,
There is a problem that welding defects such as pits are likely to occur.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the alloying treatment, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high wear resistance with an Al-based material. Another object of the present invention is to provide an Al-Cu composite wire from which a heat-resistant overlay can be stably obtained.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, a structure as a build-up material on an Al-based material surface is constituted by a core material made of an Al-based material in a shell made of a Cu-based material. in Cu-Al composite wire filled with lines, Cu relative to the total wire weight: 30% to 85% of a Cu-Al composite wire containing, as essential components, further S
i: 0.1 to 5%, Fe: 0.1 to 2%, Mn: 0.1
２2%, Mg: 0.1 to 5%, Cr: 0.1 to 2%, N
i: One or two kinds of 0.1 to 2% and 0.1 to 2% of Ti
Contains more than, consisting Other Al and unavoidable impurities
However, there is a gist. The overlay welding means used for the composite wire of the present invention is a gas welding arc (TIG, MIG welding), which is a simple welding method, or a plasma welding method.

[0009]

According to the present invention, a Cu-Al composite wire is fed into an arc generated between an Al-based material base material shielded with an inert gas and a non-consumable electrode, or a Cu-Al composite wire is fed.
By feeding the Al composite wire as a consumable electrode, a buildup layer containing Cu can be formed on the surface of the Al-based material. More specifically, a cladding material that forms a wear-resistant and heat-resistant cladding layer on the surface of an Al-based material was studied. As a result, desired wear resistance and heat resistance can be obtained stably, and further, from the viewpoint of economy, manufacturability (drawability), etc., a core made of Al or Al alloy in a pipe or hoop of Cu or Cu alloy. It has been found desirable to fill the wire. Further, the hardness of the build-up layer obtained in this case needs to be Vickers hardness Hv 150 or more from the viewpoint of wear resistance.
If it is less than 150, no improvement in wear resistance is expected. Al-
The structure of the cladding layer formed of the Cu composite wire is composed of an α phase and a θ phase (CuAl ₂ ) on the high Cu side, and has wear resistance and heat resistance due to the presence of the θ phase. That is, when the Cu content is 30
%, The Cu of the build-up layer obtained by welding is
The amount is insufficient and almost only the α phase is present, and its hardness does not reach Hv150, which is not suitable for a wear-resistant material. On the other hand, when the Cu content exceeds 85%, a brittle η ₂ phase appears and cracks occur. Therefore, Cu in the outer skin made of Al-based material
It is necessary that the Cu content of the Cu—Al composite wire filled with the core wire composed of the base material be in the range of 30 to 85%.

Further, by incorporating one or more of the following components, the hardness of the build-up layer is increased, and the wear resistance can be further improved. Si: 0.1-5%, Fe: 0.1-2%, Mn: 0.
1-2%, Mg: 0.1-5%, Cr: 0.1-2%,
Ni: 0.1 to 2%, Ti: 0.1 to 2%, Si: Si, when added in small amounts, increases the hardness of the build-up layer as a solid solution strengthening element, and hardly causes cracking during solidification. And good wettability. In order to exhibit these effects, the content is 0.1 to 5%. If it is less than 0.1%, the hardness of the build-up layer cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 5%, cracks occur in the build-up layer and the drawability deteriorates. Fe: Fe is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 2% as a solid solution strengthening element in order to increase the hardness of the build-up layer. If it is less than 0.1, this effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 2%, cracks occur in the build-up layer and drawability deteriorates. Mn: Mn is 0.1 to 2% as a solid solution strengthening element to increase the hardness of the build-up layer and to prevent cracking during solidification.
To be included. If less than 0.1, this effect cannot be obtained and 2%
If it exceeds 300, cracks will occur in the build-up layer and the drawability will deteriorate.

Mg: Mg is added as a solid solution strengthening meat element in an amount of 0.1 to 5% in order to increase the hardness of the build-up layer and reduce blowholes. If Mg is present in the build-up metal, the amount of dissolved hydrogen increases, and the rate of hydrogen absorption into the molten metal decreases, so that the number of blow holes can be reduced. However, if it is less than 0.1, these effects cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 5%, cracks occur in the build-up layer and the drawability deteriorates. Cr: Cr is contained as a solid solution strengthening element in an amount of 0.1 to 2% in order to increase the hardness of the build-up layer. If it is less than 0.1, this effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 2%, cracks occur in the build-up layer and the drawability deteriorates. Ni: Ni enhances the hardness of the build-up layer as a solid solution strengthening element and also refines the structure of the build-up layer to improve the toughness. In order to exhibit these effects, the content is 0.1 to 2%. If less than 0.1%, these effects cannot be obtained and 2%
When it exceeds, cracks occur in the overlay. In addition, the drawability also deteriorates. Ti: Ti is added as a solid solution strengthening element in an amount of 0.1 to 2% to increase the hardness of the build-up layer and to refine crystal grains and improve toughness. If it is less than 0.1%, these effects cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 2%, cracks occur in the build-up layer and drawability deteriorates.

These components can be contained in either the outer shell material or the core wire, or both. Furthermore, a wire or pipe having a cross section of a core made of an Al-based material, such as a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle, can be applied. As a method of manufacturing a Cu-Al composite wire in which a core material wire made of an Al-based material is filled in a skin material made of a Cu-based material according to the present invention, as disclosed in JP-A-62-244519, A method of drawing a wire after inserting a core metal wire into a pipe by a vibration method, and a method of drawing a wire after wrapping at least one kind of core material while bending a Cu-based hoop into a tube. According to good.

[0013]

EXAMPLES In order to confirm the effects of the present invention, a pure A1 plate (J
MISA of the consumable electrode type gas shielded arc welding method using a 1.2 mm diameter Cu-Al composite wire shown in Table 1 on the surface of IS A 105OP, 10 t × 50 × 150 mm).
Bead-on-plate tests were performed by welding, non-consumable gas shielded arc welding TIG welding, and plasma welding. Table 2 shows the welding conditions for each welding method. With respect to the build-up layer obtained by the above-mentioned build-up welding test, the hardness of the build-up layer, cracks inside the build-up layer, bead surface cracks, etc. were examined. In the examination of the hardness of the build-up layer, as shown in FIG. 1, the average value of the results of measurement of the distance between AB at a position 1 mm below the bead surface at 0.5 mm pitch in the welded section test piece was shown. Cracks inside the build-up layer were examined by examining the cross section of the welded portion with an optical microscope (× 100), and cracks on the bead surface were visually inspected for cracks. Also, Cu-Al
Regarding the drawability of the composite wire, 1 mm up to 1.2 mm diameter
The number of disconnections per ton was investigated. The drawing speed is 4
00 m / min. Table 3 shows the results of each survey.

In Table 3, No. 1 to No. 19 is an example of the present invention meet all the requirements of the present invention, of which, No.
Nos. 1 to 12 are TIG arc welding methods. 13-15 is M
IG arc welding method, No. Nos. 16 to 19 are obtained by performing overlay welding by a plasma arc welding method. No matter which of these welding methods is used, the Cu-Al composite wire of the present invention has a sufficiently high hardness of the build-up layer on the surface of the base material, and has no minute cracks inside the build-up layer and no cracks on the bead surface. The drawability was also good. On the other hand, No. 20-2
No. 8 is a TIG arc welding method. Nos. 29 to 30 are MIG arc welding methods. In Nos. 31 to 32, the build-up welding was performed by the plasma arc welding method, but no satisfactory result was obtained in any of the properties of the build-up layer and the drawability. That is, No. Sample No. 20 was an example in which the Cu content was lower than the lower limit, and the hardness of the build-up layer was not obtained. In addition, there were no cracks in the inside of the cladding layer and on the surface, there was no breakage, and the drawability was good. N
o. In No. 21, the Cu content exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and the inside of the build-up layer and surface cracks occurred. In addition, there was no disconnection and the drawability was good.

No. In No. 22, the amount of Si exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and the inside of the build-up layer and surface cracks occurred. In addition, breakage occurred several times, and drawability was poor. No. 2
In No. 3, the amount of Fe exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and cracks occurred inside the build-up layer. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor. There was no crack on the bead surface. N
o. 24 , the Mn content exceeds the upper limit, the build-up layer is hard,
Cracks occurred inside the overlay. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor. There was no crack on the bead surface. No. In No. 25, the Mg content exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and the inside of the build-up layer and surface cracks occurred. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor. No. 26 is C
The amount of r exceeded the upper limit, the overlay was hard, and cracks occurred inside the overlay. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor. There was no crack on the bead surface.

No. In No. 27, the Ni content exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and cracks occurred inside the build-up layer. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor. There was no crack on the bead surface. No. In No. 28, the Ti content exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and cracks occurred inside and on the surface of the build-up layer. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor.
No. Sample No. 29 was an example in which the Cu content was lower than the lower limit, and the hardness of the build-up layer was not obtained. No cracks were found inside or on the surface, and the drawability was good. No. In No. 30, the Cu amount exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and cracks occurred inside and on the surface of the build-up layer. The drawability was good. No. 3
In No. 1, the Si amount exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and cracks occurred inside and on the surface of the build-up layer. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor. No. In No. 32, the Ni content exceeded the upper limit, the build-up layer was hard, and cracks occurred inside the build-up layer. In addition, breakage occurred several times and drawability was poor.

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

[Table 2]

[0019]

[Table 3]

[0020]

As described above, the Al-Cu of the present invention is obtained.
If a composite wire is used, cracks do not occur, and abrasion-resistant and heat-resistant build-up layers having high bondability with the base material can be formed stably and at low cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a method for measuring the hardness of an overlay metal according to the present invention or a comparative example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Al plate 2 Overlay layer A, B Hardness measurement position

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Koike 3-5-4 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Nittetsu Welding Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshio Kobe 3-5-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo No. Nittetsu Welding Industry Co., Ltd. Laboratory (56) References JP-A-5-23885 (JP, A) JP-A-2-290694 (JP, A) JP-A-62-81293 (JP, A) JP 3-226394 (JP, A) JP-A-5-57480 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 35/02, 35/30

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A Cu-Al composite wire in which a core wire made of an Al-based material is filled in an outer skin made of a Cu-based material, wherein Cu: 30 to 85% with respect to the total weight of the wire is contained as an essential component, Further, Si: 0.1 to 5%, Fe: 0.
1-2%, Mn: 0.1-2%, Mg: 0.1-5%,
Cr: 0.1-2%, Ni: 0.1-2%, Ti0.1
A Cu-Al composite wire for overlay welding to the surface of an Al-based material, characterized by containing 1% or 2% or more of 2% and other Al and inevitable impurities.