JPH0671544A - Grinding abrasive method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a grinding abrasive method in which a working--capacity of the grinding wheel is not lowered at all even if a lot of workpieces are ground in succession. CONSTITUTION:An oxidizing aqueous working fluid 2 is poured on a grinding abrasive wheel 1 made up of using organic high molecular matter as a bonding material, and then grinding and polishing are carried out as grinding this grinding abrasive wheel 1 and a work part 3 jointly. This working fluid 2 consisting of an oxidizing aqueous solution oxidizes a bonding agent of this abrasive wheel 1, having its bonding force lowered. The bonding agent lowered in this bonding force falls off together with abrasive grains in a state of being dulled and clogged, produced on a surface of the abrasive wheel 1. With this constitution, this wheel 1 is subjected to dressing, maintaining its working capacity.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a grinding and polishing method for grinding and polishing ceramics, glass and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As grindstones for precision grinding and polishing of ceramics, glass, etc., there are resinoid grindstones and rubber grindstones that use organic polymer as a binder. Conventionally, when grinding and polishing using these grindstones Used water as the working fluid. Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-13793 discloses that a single or a plurality of molded bodies made of a porous saturated polyester resin containing a glass mirror-finishing abrasive made of at least one of zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and bevel pattern are mutually bonded. There is disclosed a glass polishing method of polishing a glass surface while pouring water or cutting oil using a polishing plate having one end thereof fixed to a plate body surface with a space therebetween.

[0003]

When the optical glass is polished by the above-mentioned conventional polishing method, the tips of the abrasive grains are excessively worn and flattened, and the surface of the grindstone is crushed. There was a phenomenon of clogging that prevented chips from adhering to the chips. If this phenomenon of crushing or clogging occurs, the processing capability will decrease. Therefore, when a large number of optical glasses are continuously subjected to polishing, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 3, as the cumulative number of processing increases, the wear reduction (polishing amount) of the workpiece decreases. A drop has occurred. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and maintains a stable processing ability without lowering the processing ability even if a large number of workpieces are continuously ground and polished. It is an object of the present invention to provide a grinding / polishing method capable of performing the polishing.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, the grinding and polishing method of the present invention, as shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 1, oxidizes a grinding and polishing grindstone 1 using an organic polymer as a binder. It was decided to grind the grinding / polishing grindstone 1 and the grinding material 3 to be grinded, and to grind the grinding material 3 to be grinded while sprinkling the processing liquid 2 consisting of the aqueous solution.

[0005]

According to the above construction, the grinding surface 1a of the grinding / polishing wheel 1 for grinding the grinding / polishing grindstone 1 using the organic polymer as a binder and the material to be ground 3 is ground during the grinding / polishing process.
When the working fluid 2 consisting of an oxidizing aqueous solution is applied to the above, the binding agent of the grinding and polishing whetstone 1 is oxidized and the binding force is reduced. The surface of the binding agent having the reduced binding force collapses during dressing and polishing and is dressed. By this dressing action, the abrasive grains that have caused the surface of the grinding / polishing grindstone 1 to be crushed or clogged fall off with a decrease in the binding force of the binder, and a new grinding / polishing surface appears and grows naturally. And this dressing action is always performed while the processing liquid 2 is supplied.

The oxidizing aqueous solution which is the above-mentioned working liquid 2 is a liquid having the ability to give oxygen to the other party and is an aqueous solution in which a substance generally called an oxidizer in chemistry is dissolved in water. This oxidizing aqueous solution has the ability to release oxygen atoms, and since the released oxygen atoms are very likely to react with other substances, when the organic polymer substance as a binder comes into contact with the oxidizing aqueous solution, , An organic polymer substance undergoes an oxidation reaction. This oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs when an oxygen atom and a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom of an organic polymer substance react, and a carbon atom causes a C
═O bond is formed, and a reaction with a hydrogen atom forms an H—O—H bond. The carbon atoms in the organic polymer are linked by long carbon chains, and in the substance cured by the polymerization of the organic polymer, the carbon chains are intricately entangled with each other to maintain hardness. However, when the carbon chain in the long carbon chain reacts due to the oxidation reaction and the carbon chain is cut short, the intricately entangled carbon chain is released, and the organic polymer substance that has maintained hardness by the carbon chain also binds. The strength decreases and the hardness weakens.

[0007]

Embodiment 1 FIG. 2 is a front view showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which an optical glass (φ20 × t6) 4 which is an object to be polished is held by a holding jig 5 and a polishing machine (not shown) is shown. The resin bond for polishing (φ34
Xt10) 7 is abutted on the surface of the resin bond grindstone 7 (a surface to be ground with the optical glass 4),
Polishing was performed under the following processing conditions while rotating the resin bond grindstone 7 and oscillating the optical glass 4 perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the resin bond grindstone 7 for rubbing.
At this time, the working liquid 8 was continuously applied during and after the processing.

Object to be polished: Optical glass BK7 Polishing grindstone: Resin bond grindstone made of cerium oxide-based abrasive with phenol resin as binder Resin: Abrasive = 40:60 (volume ratio), abrasive particle size 1
μm Processing diameter: Hydrogen peroxide solution (H ₂ O ₂ ) 20% aqueous solution, supply amount 1 liter / min, liquid temperature 25 ° C. Polishing machine: Oscar type, vertical load 2 Kgf, lower shaft rotation speed 500 rpm Polishing time: 3 minutes polishing Number: 100

The optical glass 10 is produced by the polishing method of this embodiment.
The graph of FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the cumulative number of processed zero pieces and the amount of reduction of the object to be polished. As a comparative example, the results of polishing using tap water as the processing liquid under the same processing conditions except for the processing liquid 8 are also shown by broken lines. A micrometer was used to measure the amount of abrasion loss. According to FIG.
In the comparative example, the amount of abrasion of the object to be polished decreases from the time when the cumulative number of machining exceeds 5, and when the cumulative number of machining is 20 or more, it decreases to 2/5 of the initial amount of abrasion. Although a decrease was observed, the polishing method of the present example did not reduce the amount of abrasion of the object to be polished at all even if the cumulative number of processes increased, and the processing ability did not decrease.

Further, the surface of the optical glass processed by the polishing method of this embodiment was visually inspected using an optical microscope with a magnification of 20 times, but no scratches were found on all 100 processed glass. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since hydrogen peroxide solution is used as the working fluid, even if it is decomposed, it becomes water and oxygen and does not adversely affect the environment.

The size of the grinding wheel and the work piece,
Since the generation rate of clogging or crushing that occurs on the surface of the polishing grindstone differs depending on the conditions of the vertical load of the polishing machine and the rotational speed of the lower shaft, the supply amount and concentration of the working liquid may be appropriately changed depending on the conditions. In this embodiment, the case where the resin bond grindstone using the phenol resin as the binder is used is explained, but in addition, the resin bond grindstone using the polyimide resin, the polyester resin, the epoxy resin as the binder, or the polyacrylic rubber, the urethane. It was confirmed that the rubber, polysulfide rubber, and rubber-bonded grindstones using styrene rubber as a binder can be used, and that the same effect as that of this embodiment can be obtained even when these grindstones are used. .

Further, as an oxidizing aqueous solution which is a working liquid, in addition to hydrogen peroxide solution, sodium permanganate, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, sodium peroxooxide, peroxosulfuric acid, peroxonitric acid, chloric acid, bromine are used. It can be carried out using an acid or iodic acid, and even when these oxidizing aqueous solutions are used, the same action and effect as in the present embodiment can be obtained. However, sodium permanganate,
Since potassium dichromate and iodic acid contain heavy metals, it is necessary to treat the heavy metals before they are discharged.

Further, even when a ceramic is used for the object to be polished, the same action and effect as in this embodiment can be obtained.
When the ceramic was polished under the same processing conditions as in the present example, the polishing weight of the workpiece per unit time was reduced to one fifth compared to when the optical glass was polished, but it was 100%.
Even when individual machining was performed, the cumulative amount of abrasion reduction of the workpiece did not decrease.

Furthermore, when the grinding method of this embodiment was used to perform grinding using a grinding wheel, the amount of abrasion of the work piece was not reduced at all, and the same action and effect as in this embodiment were obtained. The processing conditions at that time are shown below. However, the same parts as in this embodiment are omitted. Grinding wheel: Resin bond abrasives made of polyimide resin and diamond abrasives, Concentration 100, Grain # 800 Polisher: Oscar type, vertical load 4Kgf, lower shaft speed 650rpm Grinding number: 200

[0015]

[Embodiment 2] The polishing method of this embodiment adds an economical effect to the effect of Embodiment 1 by reducing the time for which an oxidizing aqueous solution is applied to the grindstone and suppressing the wear of the grindstone due to dressing. Then, two kinds of the oxidizing solution and water were used as the working liquid, and by alternately applying each of them, the polishing process was performed while the time and the amount of supplying the oxidizing solution to the grindstone were minimized. FIG. 4 is a front view showing a second embodiment of the present invention, in which an optical glass (φ7 × t) having a concave polishing surface as an object to be polished is used.
1.1 × R25) 10 is held by a holding jig 11 and rubbed with a polishing rubber bond grindstone (φ11 × R25) 13 fixed to a sticking jig 12 attached to a grinder (not shown), and a rubber bond grindstone While the processing liquid 14 was sprinkled on the surface of 13 and the rubber bond grindstone 13 was rotated, the optical glass 10 was oscillated perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the rubber bond grindstone 12, and polishing processing was performed in a processing time of 35 seconds. Two kinds of oxidizing solution 14a and water 14b are used as the working liquid 14, and the first 10 of the polishing time of 35 seconds are used.
The oxidizing aqueous solution 14a was applied for only one second, and water 14b was applied for the rest of the time. Then, the polishing process was repeated for 35 seconds, and the polishing process was performed while alternately applying the two types of processing liquids 14 to the surface of the rubber bond grindstone 13.

The processing conditions of the polishing process of this embodiment are shown below. Workpiece: Optical glass SK11 Polishing grindstone: Rubber bond grindstone made of zirconium oxide-based abrasive with polysulfide rubber as a binder Resin: Abrasive = 40: 60 (volume ratio) Abrasive particle size 1 μm Working fluid: Sodium peroxocarbonate (N _a C ₂ O ₃ )
10% aqueous solution and water, supply rate 0.5 liter / min, liquid temperature 25 ° C. Abrasive: Oscar type, vertical load 2 Kgf, lower shaft rotation speed 500 rpm Polishing time: 35 seconds Polishing number: 100 pieces Polishing method of this embodiment When 100 pieces of the optical glass 10 were processed, the abrasion loss of the grindstone 13 was measured with a micrometer, and the abrasion loss of the grindstone 13 was 29 μm. When the polishing liquid 14 was polished using only the oxidizing aqueous solution 14a under the same processing conditions, the abrasion loss of the grindstone 13 was 60 μm.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the amount of wear of the grindstone 13 can be reduced by about 50% or more, and the economical effect can be obtained.
Further, as in Example 1, no decrease in processing ability due to clogging or crushing of abrasive grains was observed. Further, when the grinding process was performed in the same manner as in this example, the same action and effect as the polishing process could be obtained.

[0017]

As described above, according to the grinding / polishing method of the present invention, since an oxidizing aqueous solution is used as a working liquid and a grinding / polishing grindstone having an organic polymer substance as a binder is dressed, the grindstone It is possible to eliminate the deterioration of the processing capacity due to the crushing and clogging of the machine, and even if a large number of pieces are continuously ground and polished, the deterioration of the processing capacity that occurs as the cumulative number of processing increases is not seen and it is stable. Processing ability can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view conceptually showing a grinding and polishing method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of processing capabilities between Example 1 of the present invention and a conventional technique.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grinding / polishing whetstone 2 Working fluid 3 Grinding abrasive material 4,10 Optical glass 7 Resin bond grindstone 8 Working fluid (oxidative aqueous solution) 13 Rubber bond grindstone 14 Working fluid 14a Oxidizing aqueous solution 14b Water

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 17, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0002

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As grindstones for precision grinding and polishing of ceramics, glass, etc., there are resinoid grindstones and rubber grindstones that use organic polymer as a binder. Conventionally, when grinding and polishing using these grindstones Used water as the working fluid. Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-13793 discloses a molded article made of a porous unsaturated polyester resin containing a glass mirror-finishing abrasive made of at least one of zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and bevel pattern. A glass polishing method is disclosed in which one or a plurality of glass plates are spaced from each other and one end thereof is fixed to a plate body surface, and a glass surface is ground while pouring water or cutting oil.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0004

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0004]

To achieve the above object, according to the Invention The grinding polishing method of the present invention, as shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 1, oxide grinding grindstone 1 in which the organic polymeric material and a binder It was decided to grind the grinding / polishing grindstone 1 and the grinding material 3 to be grinded, and to grind the grinding material 3 to be grinded while sprinkling the processing liquid 2 consisting of the aqueous solution.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0005

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0005]

According to the above construction, the grinding surface 1a of the grinding / polishing wheel 1 for rubbing the grinding / polishing wheel 1 using the organic polymer as a binder and the abrasive material 3 to be ground during the grinding / polishing process
When the working fluid 2 consisting of an oxidizing aqueous solution is applied to the above, the binding agent of the grinding and polishing whetstone 1 is oxidized and the binding force is reduced. The surface of the binding agent having the reduced binding force collapses during dressing and polishing and is dressed. By this dressing action, the abrasive grains that have caused the surface of the grinding / polishing grindstone 1 to be crushed or clogged fall off with a decrease in the binding force of the binder, and a new grinding / polishing surface appears and grows naturally. And this dressing action is always performed while the processing liquid 2 is supplied.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0006

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The oxidizing aqueous solution which is the above-mentioned working liquid 2 is a liquid having the ability to give oxygen to the other party and is an aqueous solution in which a substance generally called an oxidizer in chemistry is dissolved in water. This oxidizing aqueous solution has the ability to release oxygen atoms, and since the released oxygen atoms are very likely to react with other substances, when the organic polymer substance as a binder comes into contact with the oxidizing aqueous solution, , An organic polymer substance undergoes an oxidation reaction. This oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs when an oxygen atom and a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom of an organic polymer substance react, and a carbon atom causes a C
═O bond is formed, and a reaction with a hydrogen atom forms an H—O—H bond. The carbon atoms in the organic polymer are linked by long carbon chains, and in the substance cured by the polymerization of the organic polymer, the carbon chains are intricately entangled with each other to maintain hardness. However, due to the oxidation reaction, carbon and oxygen in the long carbon chain
When and react with each other and the carbon chain is cut short, the intricately entangled carbon chain is unraveled, and the organic polymer substance that has maintained the hardness due to the carbon chain also has a lower binding force and the hardness is weakened.

[Procedure Amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0009

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The optical glass 10 is produced by the polishing method of this embodiment.
The graph of FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the cumulative number of processed zero pieces and the amount of wear of the object to be polished per piece. As a comparative example, the results of polishing using tap water as the processing liquid under the same processing conditions except for the processing liquid 8 are also shown by broken lines. Wear and tear
A micrometer was used to measure the amount . According to FIG.
In the comparative example, the amount of abrasion of the object to be polished decreases from the time when the cumulative number of machining exceeds 5, and when the cumulative number of machining is 20 or more, it decreases to 2/5 of the initial amount of abrasion. Although a decrease was observed, the polishing method of the present example did not decrease the amount of wear of the object to be polished at all even if the cumulative number of processes increased, and did not cause a decrease in processing ability.

[Procedure correction 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0013

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Further, even when a ceramic is used for the object to be polished, the same action and effect as in this embodiment can be obtained.
When the ceramic was polished under the same processing conditions as in the present example, the amount of wear of the work piece per unit time was reduced to 1/5 as compared with the case where the optical glass was polished.
Even if individual machining was performed, the amount of accumulated work wear did not decrease.

[Procedure Amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0014

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Further, when the grinding method of this embodiment was used to perform grinding using a grinding wheel, the amount of wear of the work piece was not reduced at all, and the same action and effect as in this embodiment were obtained. The processing conditions at that time are shown below. However, the same parts as in this embodiment are omitted. Grinding wheel: Resin bond abrasives made of polyimide resin and diamond abrasives, Concentration 100, Grain # 800 Polisher: Oscar type, vertical load 4Kgf, lower shaft rotation 650rpm Grinding number: 200

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A grinding / polishing method for processing a grinding / polishing material by rubbing a grinding / polishing grindstone with an abrasive to be ground while polishing the grinding / polishing grindstone using an organic polymer as a binder. Is an oxidizing aqueous solution.