JPH0670695A - Pet food - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a solid pet food capable of remarkably improving the palatability and increasing the amount of water drunk by a pet without increasing the salt content by increasing the salt concentration at the surface part of a feed compared with the core part. CONSTITUTION:The solid pet food has high salt concentration at the surface part compared with the core part. The feed is preferably produced by pulverizing or granulating a surface-treating agent containing salt and applying the powder or granule to the surface of a solid pet food base to attach the salt to the surface part at a high concentration without causing the penetration of the salt to the core part of the pet food. Preferably, >=70% of the surface area of the solid pet food is covered with the surface layer having high salt concentration.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid pet food and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid pet food that has extremely high preference for pets and that can increase the amount of water consumed by pets, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Commercially available pet foods include a moist type having a high water content (usually about 50% by weight or more; hereinafter simply referred to as%) and a dry type or a semi-moist type having a low water content of about 5 to 40%. is there. Among them, dry type or semi-moist type solid pet foods are generally produced and sold in solid form such as granules, pellets, sticks, donuts and stars, but they are easy to handle and preserve. In recent years, its demand has been increasing more and more due to its good nature. However, dry-type or semi-moist-type solid pet foods have lower palatability than moist-type pet foods such as canned foods and are often not sufficiently consumed even when given to pets. In particular, cats have a strong taste for food,
Disliked foods tend not to be eaten even if a little hungry.

[0003] Among pets, cats are animals having a very small amount of water intake, so that they are prone to cause so-called urinary tract syndrome such as urinary tract stones and kidney stones. It has also been reported that, in the Dalai type or semi-moist type solid cat foods, the water content in the foods is low, and thus the occurrence of urological syndrome in cats tends to increase in recent years.

By the way, pets, especially cats, tend to prefer foods with a high salt content. However, if the salt content of pet food is increased because the preference of pets increases, various problems such as hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage due to excessive salt intake may occur in pets, as in humans. It is easy to occur in various kinds. In particular, when pets are often kept indoors as in recent years, and excessive ingestion of salt is not desirable when the pets also lack exercise.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under the above circumstances, the present inventors have
Studies have been conducted for the purpose of obtaining a solid pet food with high palatability without substantially increasing the salt content in the pet food. At the same time, research has been conducted for the purpose of obtaining a solid pet food capable of increasing the water intake of pets such as cats. As a result, the present inventors, while keeping the salt content of the solid pet food as a whole to a value similar to or lower than conventional values,
If only the salt concentration on the surface of solid pet food is increased, the preference of pets will increase and they will be able to eat it at the same time. It has also been found that such solid pet foods tend to increase the water intake of pets.

The inventors of the present invention have found that when the salt concentration of the surface portion of the solid pet food is increased, the palatability of the pets is increased by further using an acid, and the salt and the acid are used together with the meat and the seafood. The present invention has been completed by finding out that better results can be obtained by using an extract of the same class together.

That is, the present invention is a pet food characterized in that the salt concentration of the surface portion of the solid pet food is higher than that of the inside of the pet food. Further, the present invention increases the salt concentration of the surface portion of the solid pet food, and the surface portion further contains at least one of (a) acid and (b) fish and / or meat extract. Including shape pet food.

The present invention provides a solid pet containing a surface treatment agent containing (i) salt, and optionally (ii) (a) acid and (b) at least one of seafood and / or meat extract. The method for producing a solid pet food is characterized in that it is attached to the surface of the hood.

Further, according to the present invention, in the production of a solid pet food, a surface layer portion having a high salt content and an inner layer containing no salt or a low salt content are formed, and both are laminated. The method for producing a solid pet food as described above, wherein the surface layer portion further comprises at least one of (a) an acid and (b) an extract of seafood and / or meat, if necessary. Can be included.

The "solid pet food" referred to in the present invention means a food that is fed to pets such as cats and dogs.
And, the solid pet food of the present invention is distributed, stored,
Any shape may be used as long as it can maintain a certain shape while maintaining a surface state with a high salt concentration without causing large deformation or collapse during handling such as when feeding pets. The size is not particularly limited. For example, pellets, granules, sticks, donuts, stars, and other solid materials having a predetermined size may be used, and any of dry type and semi-moist type may be used.

Further, the kind and combination of the raw materials used for the solid pet food, the mixing ratio of each component, the manufacturing method and the like are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the kind of the target pet. Can, for example corn,
It can be produced by a conventionally known method (for example, extrusion method) using wheat flour, meat flour, fish meal, soybean meal, vitamins, minerals, spices, seasonings and the like.

The solid pet food of the present invention is
It is necessary that the salt concentration of the surface part is higher than that of the inside. In particular, the salt concentration of the surface part is higher than that of the inside, and the salt content of the solid pet food is the same as or less than that of conventional pet food, which prevents excessive intake of salt. It is preferable above.
In that case, it is desirable that the entire surface of the solid pet food is covered with the surface layer having a high salt concentration, but 100% of the surface area of the solid pet food is not necessarily covered with the surface layer having a high salt concentration. Alternatively, 50% or more, preferably 70% or more of the surface may be covered with a surface layer having a high salt concentration.

The salt concentration in the surface portion of the solid pet food is the type of pet (pet preference), the content of salt in the solid pet food, and the salt concentration required for the entire solid pet food. It can be variously changed according to the range. For example, the content of salt is about 0.
When a salt layer is applied to the surface portion of the solid cat food base which is about 5% to make the cat food of the present invention, the salt content of the whole solid cat food is about 0.6-.
It is advisable to apply a salt layer on the surface so as to be in the range of 2.5%, whereby the food intake by the cat can be increased, and the salt intake is the same as that of the conventional one or less. The following can be suppressed.

Some pets prefer a sour food, and this tendency is particularly strong for cats and the like. Therefore, when the salt concentration of the surface portion of the solid pet food is increased, if the surface portion further retains an acid, the preference of pets can be further enhanced.

As the acid in this case, any acid can be used as long as it can be fed to animals, for example, citric acid,
Examples thereof include organic acids such as acetic acid, succinic acid and malic acid, inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, and acid salts of these acids. These acids or acid salts thereof may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The concentration and amount of the acid on the surface portion of the solid pet food may vary depending on the strength of the acid used (acidity), the type of pet (palatability of the pet), the composition of the solid pet food, and the like. Can be changed. For example, the salt content of the cat food as a whole is 0.1% with respect to the solid cat food base having a salt content of about 0.5%.
When salt is applied to the surface portion so as to be 6 to 2.5%, it is preferable to apply acid together with salt so that the solid cat food surface has a pH of about 3 to 6, whereby the cat food is used. The taste of can be further enhanced.
In particular, when both the salt and the acid are applied to the surface of the solid pet food, the sourness is alleviated by the interaction between the salt and the acid, and a mild and good taste can be imparted to the food.

Further, in the present invention, if necessary, an extract of seafood and / or meat may be applied to the surface of the solid pet food, whereby the preference of pets can be further enhanced. The kind of the extract and the amount of the extract held on the surface of the solid pet food can be appropriately selected depending on the kind of the pet (taste of the pet) and the like. For example, solid cat foods are preferably seafood extracts such as bonito extract, tuna extract and shellfish extract, and solid dog foods are meat extract, liver extract, yeast extract and the like.

The above-mentioned extract is a component obtained by immersing seafood or meat in hot water, in which various amino acids, lower peptides, guanidine compounds such as creatine, nucleotides, purine bases, choline, and urea. In addition to nitrogen compounds such as, compounds such as glucose and glycogen, and inorganic substances such as potassium are contained in large amounts. In the present invention, such an extract may be used in a liquid state as it is together with salt or salt and an acid so as to be retained on the surface of a solid pet food, or the extract may be dried, optionally together with salt and an acid, to obtain a powder. It may be made into a shape or a granule and held on the surface of a solid pet food.

The method for producing the solid pet food of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the salt concentration of the surface portion can be made higher than that of the inside, and if necessary, an acid and / or the above-mentioned extract is further added to the surface of the solid pet food. Any method can be adopted as long as it can be held. As an example of a typical production method for obtaining the solid pet food of the present invention, (1) solid pet food which is the original solid pet food in advance by a conventional method without using salt or using a small amount of salt. (Hereinafter referred to as pet food base) is produced, and salt or a surface treatment agent containing vinegar and / or the above extract together with salt is attached to the surface of the pet food base by any means such as adsorption, coating or dipping. Method; (2) When producing a solid pet food by extrusion or other means, is there a high salt content, and if necessary, a surface layer portion containing an acid and / or the above-mentioned extract and no salt? Alternatively, a method for producing a solid pet food by forming an inner layer having a low salt content and laminating both layers can be used.

In particular, when the method (1) described above is adopted, the surface treatment agent containing salt may be liquid or solid such as powder or granules. Particularly, in the latter case, that is, in the case where a surface treatment agent containing salt and, if necessary, an acid and / or the above-mentioned extract is made into a powder or granules, which is applied to the surface of a solid pet food base produced in advance. When attached, salt, acid,
Since the extract does not penetrate into the solid pet food and is adhered to and retained on the surface of the solid pet food at a high concentration, it is possible to further increase the salt concentration on the surface of the solid pet food. Acids and extracts that further increase the palatability of species can be retained at high concentrations.
At that time, if the surface of the solid pet food is pretreated with fats and oils such as beef tallow and lard, and then treated with a powdery or granular surface treatment agent containing salt, acid and / or extract, the solid pet food is treated. The adhesion of those components to the hood surface can be strengthened.

[0021]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Reference Example 1 [Production of solid cat food base] Corn flour 200 kg, wheat flour 300 kg, soybean meal 150 kg, meat flour 100 kg, fish meal 100 kg, rice bran 3
0kg, animal fats and oils 20kg, vitamin mix 20k
g and 20 kg of mineral mix were put in a mixer and mixed well by stirring. Next, the extruder was fed at a rate of 100 kg / hr, water was fed at a rate of 14 liter / hr and steam was fed at a rate of 16.5 kg / hr, and extruded into a rod shape at a temperature of 143 ° C. to expand, cut and dried. And the diameter is about 5
mm, 12 mm in length, a pellet-shaped cat food base was manufactured.

Example 1 (1) 960 g of solid cat food base produced in Reference Example 1 by heating and melting 25 g of beef tallow at about 50 ° C.
After spray coating evenly, salt concentration 10
% And 30 ml of an bonito extract powder content of 30% were further sprayed and dried to give a solid cat food having a salt content of 0.3% and 60% of the salt contained in the cat food on the surface portion. Made the cat food they own.

(2) Salt solution of the entire solid cat food is spray-coated evenly on the solid cat food base in the same manner as in (1) above except that the salt concentration in the coating solution is 20%. A cat food having a content of 0.6% and having 60% of the salt contained in the cat food adhered to the surface portion was produced.

(3) As in (1) above, except that the salt concentration in the coating aqueous solution was 30%, the aqueous solution of the solid cat food was uniformly spray-coated on the solid cat food base and then dried to obtain the salt of the entire solid cat food. A cat food having a content of 0.9% and having 60% of the salt contained in the cat food adhering to the surface portion was produced.

Comparative Example 1 (1) Salt 3 kg, corn flour 200 kg, wheat flour 300 kg, soybean meal 150 kg, meat flour 100 kg, fish meal 100 kg, rice bran 30 kg, animal fats and oils 20 kg, vitamin mix 20 kg and mineral mix 20 k
g was placed in a mixer and mixed well by stirring. Next, the extruder was fed at a rate of 100 kg / hr, water was fed at a rate of 14 liter / hr and steam was fed at a rate of 16.5 kg / hr, and extruded into a rod shape at a temperature of 143 ° C. to expand, cut and dried. Thus, a pellet-shaped cat food having a diameter of about 5 mm, a length of 12 mm and a salt content of 0.3% was produced. (2) Above (1) except that the amount of salt is 6 kg.
Extruded in the same manner as above to produce a pellet-shaped cat food having a salt content of 0.6%. (3) Above (1) except that the compounding amount of salt was changed to 9 kg.
Extruded in the same manner as above to produce a pellet-shaped cat food having a salt content of 0.9%.

<< Food Intake Tests 1 to 3 >> (1) The cat food base of Reference Example 1 above, Example 1
Each of the cat food of (1) of (1) and the cat food of (1) of Comparative Example 1 was put in a separate container, and was allowed to freely eat by 48 cats for one day. The intake amount of each cat food was as shown in Table 1 below. It was as shown in.

(2) The cat food base of Reference Example 1, the cat food of (2) of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
Each of the cat foods of (2) of (2) was placed in a separate container and was allowed to freely ingest by the same cat for another day on another day. The intake amount of each cat food was as shown in Table 1 below. It was

(3) The cat food base of Reference Example 1, the cat food of (3) of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
Each of the cat foods of (3) of (3) was put in a separate container, and the same cats were allowed to freely eat for another day on another day. The intake amount of each cat food was as shown in Table 1 below. there were.

[0030]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1 above, the cat food of the present invention having a high salt concentration on the surface portion [(1) of Example 1]
(3)] is the same as the cat food of the present invention in the cat food base and the whole cat food of Reference Example 1 having a low salt concentration, but the salt concentration of the surface portion is not increased (1) of Comparative Example 1 Compared to (3), the preference of cats is extremely high, and it is understood that cats prefer to take them.

Example 2 9.94 kg of the solid cat food base produced in Reference Example 1 was added with a salt concentration of 10%.
600 g of the above aqueous solution was evenly spray-coated and then dried to produce a cat food in which the salt content of the solid cat food as a whole was 0.6% and 60% of the salt adhered to the surface portion.

Comparative Example 2 A cat food having a salt content of 0.6% was produced by extruding in the same manner as in (1) of Comparative Example 1 except that the compounding amount of salt was 6 kg.

<Food Ingestion Test 4> Each of the basic cat food of Reference Example 1, the cat food of Example 2 and the cat food of Comparative Example 2 was put in a separate container and allowed to be freely ingested by 48 cats a day. As a result, the intake of each cat food was as shown in Table 2 below.

[0035]

[Table 2]

From the results of Table 2 above, it can be seen that the cat food of Example 2 of the present invention having a high salt concentration on the surface portion is the solid cat food base of Reference Example 1 of low salt concentration and the cat food of the present invention and the salt concentration of the whole cat food. However, compared to the cat food of Comparative Example 2 in which the salt concentration of the surface portion is not increased, the taste of the cat is extremely high and it is understood that the cat prefers to take it.

<< Food Intake Test 5 and Drinking Water Test >> Three groups of 10 cats each having an average body weight of 4.1 kg / mouse were prepared. The cats in the first ward were allowed to freely ingest the cat food base of Reference Example 1 for one day, and at the same time were allowed to freely drink water. The cats in the second ward were allowed to freely ingest the cat food of Example 2 for one day, and at the same time were allowed to freely drink water. The cats in the third ward were allowed to freely ingest the cat food of Comparative Example 1 for one day, and at the same time were allowed to freely drink water. As a result, the amount of cat food intake and the amount of drinking water in each ward were as shown in Table 3 below.

[0038]

[Table 3]

From the results of Table 3 above, the cat food of Example 2 of the present invention having a high salt concentration in the surface portion has the same salt concentration as the cat food of the present invention in the cat food base and the whole cat food of Reference Example 1 of low salt concentration. However, compared with the cat food of Comparative Example 2 in which the salt concentration of the surface portion is not increased, the cat has a very high preference, that the cat prefers to ingest, and at the same time, the cat's water intake can be increased. Recognize.

Example 3 To 9.69 kg of the cat food base produced in Reference Example 1 was sprayed 250 g of beef tallow which was heated and melted at 50 ° C., and 60 g of salt powder was uniformly coated so that the total salt content of the cat food was 0. It was 0.6%, and 80% or more of its salt was attached to the surface of the cat food.

Example 4 (1) An aqueous solution having a salt concentration of 20%, a skipjack gut extract powder content of 60% and a citric acid content of 20% was prepared,
This aqueous solution was spray-dried to obtain a surface-coating powder consisting of salt, skipjack gut extract and citric acid. (2) After spraying and uniformly applying 25 g of beef tallow heated and melted at 50 ° C. onto the surface of 950 g of the cat food base produced in Reference Example 1 above, 25 g of the surface coating powder produced in (1) above was uniformly applied. Sprinkle it on the surface,
The cat food of the present invention having salt, citric acid, and skipjack gut extract on the surface portion was produced.

<Food Intake Test 6> Each of the cat food base of Reference Example 1, the cat food of Example 3, the cat food of Example 4 and the cat food of (1) of Comparative Example 1 was placed in a separate container and the cat 48 was used. When the animals were allowed to freely ingest them for one day, the intake amount of each cat food was as shown in Table 4 below.

[0043]

[Table 4]

From the results of Table 4 above, the cat food of the present invention of Examples 3 and 4 having a high salt concentration on the surface portion was the cat food of the present invention in the cat food base of Reference Example 1 having a low salt concentration and the cat food as a whole. Compared to the cat food of Comparative Example 1 (1) in which the salt concentration is the same, but the salt concentration on the surface portion is not increased, the cat has a higher palatability, the cat prefers to ingest, and the salt portion on the surface portion is more preferable. It can be seen that the cat food of Example 4, which also holds vinegar, has a particularly high preference for cats.

[0045]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The solid state pet food according to the present invention has a salt concentration higher than that of the inside thereof and, if necessary, further has an acid and / or an extract of seafood or meat on the surface thereof. Pet foods have a higher preference for pets than conventional solid pet foods while keeping the salt content of the pet foods at the same level as or lower than that of conventional pet foods. To be done. Moreover, when the solid pet food of the present invention is ingested, the water consumption of pets increases, so that urological syndrome in pets such as cats can be prevented.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 9, 1992

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0002

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Commercially available pet foods include a moist type having a high water content (usually about 50% by weight or more; hereinafter simply referred to as%) and a dry type or a semi-moist type having a low water content of about 5-40%. is there. Among them, dry type or semi-moist type solid pet foods are generally produced and sold in solid forms such as granular, pellet, stick , donut and star shapes, but they are easy to handle and preserve. In recent years, its demand has been increasing more and more due to its good nature. However, dry-type or semi-moist-type solid pet foods have lower palatability than moist-type pet foods such as canned foods and are often not sufficiently consumed even when given to pets. In particular, cats have a strong taste for food,
Disliked foods tend not to be eaten even if a little hungry.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0003

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

In addition, among pets, a cat is an animal having a very low water intake, and therefore, it is apt to cause so-called urinary tract syndrome such as urinary tract stones and kidney stones. It is also reported that the dry type or semi-moist type solid cat food tends to increase the occurrence of urinary tract syndrome in cats in recent years since the water content in the food is small.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0010

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The “solid pet food” in the present invention means a food that is fed to pets such as cats and dogs.
And, the solid pet food of the present invention is distributed, stored,
Any shape may be used as long as it can maintain a certain shape while maintaining a surface state with a high salt concentration without causing large deformation or collapse during handling such as when feeding pets. The size is not particularly limited. For example, pellets, granules, sticks , donuts,
It only has to have a solid shape of a predetermined size such as a star,
Moreover, either a dry type or a semi-moist type may be used.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0018

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The above-mentioned extract is a component obtained by immersing seafood or meat in hot water, in which various amino acids, lower peptides, guanidine compounds such as creatine, nucleotides, purine bases, choline, and urea. In addition to nitrogen compounds such as, compounds such as glucose and glycogen, and inorganic substances such as potassium are contained in large amounts. In the present invention, such an extract may be used in a liquid state as it is together with salt or salt and an acid so as to be retained on the surface of a solid pet food, or the extract may be dried, optionally together with salt and an acid, to obtain a powder. It may be made into a shape or a granule and held on the surface of a solid pet food.

[Procedure Amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0019

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The method for producing the solid pet food of the present invention is not particularly limited, the salt concentration of the surface portion can be made higher than that of the inside, and if necessary, an acid and / or the above-mentioned extract is further added to the surface of the solid pet food. Any method can be adopted as long as it can be held. As an example of a typical production method for obtaining the solid pet food of the present invention, (1) solid pet food which is the original solid pet food in advance by a conventional method without using salt or using a small amount of salt. (Hereinafter referred to as pet food base) is produced, and salt or a surface treatment agent containing an acid and / or the above-mentioned extract together with salt is adhered to the surface of the pet food base by any means such as adsorption, coating, or dipping. Method; (2) When producing a solid pet food by extrusion or other means, is there a high salt content, and if necessary, a surface layer portion containing an acid and / or the above-mentioned extract and no salt? Alternatively, a method for producing a solid pet food by forming an inner layer having a low salt content and laminating both layers can be used.

[Procedure correction 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0032

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Example 2 With 9.94 kg of the solid cat food base produced in Reference Example 1, a salt concentration of 10
The% aqueous solution 600 g, and dried to evenly spray coating <br/>, a salt content of the entire solid cat food 0.6%, the cat food 60% of the sodium chloride is attached to the surface portion Manufactured.

[Procedure Amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0040

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Example 3 To 9.69 kg of the cat food base produced in Reference Example 1 was sprayed 250 g of beef tallow heated and melted at 50 ° C., 60 g of salt powder was evenly coated , and the total salt content of the cat food was 0. It was 0.6%, and 80% or more of its salt was attached to the surface of the cat food.

[Procedure Amendment 8]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0044

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

From the results of Table 4 above, the cat food of the present invention of Examples 3 and 4 having a high salt concentration in the surface portion is the cat food of Reference Example 1 having a low salt concentration and the cat food of the present invention as a whole as the cat food. Compared to the cat food of Comparative Example 1 (1) in which the salt concentration is the same, but the salt concentration on the surface portion is not increased, the cat has a higher palatability, the cat prefers to ingest, and the salt portion on the surface portion is more preferable. It can be seen that, in the cat food of Example 4 in which the acid is retained, cats have a particularly high preference.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A pet food characterized in that a solid pet food has a higher salt concentration in its surface portion than in the inside of the pet food. 2. A pet food having salt only on the surface portion of the solid pet food. 3. The pet food according to claim 1, further comprising an acid or an acid salt thereof on the surface portion of the solid pet food. 4. The fishery and / or meat extract is further retained on the surface of the solid pet food.
The pet food according to any one of 3 above. 5. (i) Salt and, if necessary, (ii) (a)
A method for producing pet food, which comprises applying a surface treatment agent containing at least one of an acid and (b) an extract of seafood and / or meat to the surface of solid pet food. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein fats and oils are adhered to the surface of the solid pet food, and then treated with the surface treatment agent. 7. A solid pet food is produced by forming a surface layer portion having a high salt content and an inner layer containing no salt or a low salt content, and stacking the both layers. Pet food manufacturing method. 8. A surface portion of solid pet food, further comprising
The method according to claim 7, which comprises at least one of (a) an acid and (b) an extract of seafood and / or meat.
Manufacturing method of pet food.