JPH0670574U - Fertilizer control machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To provide a fertilizer application machine capable of preventing operators from being exposed to spray liquid, performing safe work, and enhancing the accuracy of adjusting the fertilization and control height. [Structure] A fertilizer application section F and a spray control section S for spraying a chemical solution are provided on the front part of a self-propelled traveling machine body 1 having front wheels 8 whose height can be adjusted and rear wheels 2 for driving, and a steering handle H provided behind them. The spray nozzles 16 of the control section S are arranged in front of the front wheel 8 and the fertilizer application nozzles 23, 23a are arranged in the rear of the front wheel 8 in close proximity to the front wheel 8.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention can selectively perform fertilization work and control work by using one self-propelled machine, and can perform safe work without the operator spraying the chemical liquid on the operator. The present invention relates to a fertilizer application control machine (control machine) with high adjustment accuracy of control height.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 As a self-propelled management machine, a fertilization management machine has been already proposed, in which liquid fertilizer such as liquid fertilizer or paste-like fertilizer is run and spot fertilizer is applied to the soil at a predetermined pitch. In addition, as a control machine for spraying various chemicals such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides to crops in the field, various large-sized ones using riding rice transplanters and tractors have been proposed and put into practical use.

However, there has not yet been provided a management machine that uses one self-propelled machine and also serves as a pump so as to be able to selectively perform the spot fertilization work and the control work.

[0004]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 It is a technical idea to complete a machine that can be used for fertilization and control with a single self-propelled machine, and that is small and lightweight and can withstand practical use in terms of safety and maneuverability. It is also difficult in terms of cost.

For example, in the case of pest control work, it is necessary to have a machine structure that ensures sufficient work safety so that sprayed chemicals do not come into contact with the operators operating while walking during fertilization work. Regardless of the control work, a stable work height (fertilization depth, control height) with little fluctuation in height is required, and the work height is most suitable for the field conditions and the type of crop. In addition, it is necessary to secure a certain level of adjustment accuracy so that adjustments can be performed reliably, but in order to satisfy these requirements, there are many parts and the aircraft must be enlarged. .

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 The fertilizer control system according to the present invention was devised in order to solve the above problems based on the above situation, and has a front wheel with adjustable height and a rear wheel for driving, and a steering handle at the rear. A fertilizer application section and a chemical spraying control section are detachably attached to the front of the self-propelled traveling vehicle equipped with, and a spray nozzle of the control section is installed in front of the front wheel and a fertilization application nozzle is installed in the rear. The gist is that it is placed close to the.

[0007]

[Action]

 When performing point-feeding fertilizer work, after the fluid fertilizer such as paste fertilizer is stored in the main tank, start the engine, put the clutch of the transmission mechanism on, and run the machine, the fertilizer in the main tank is sucked by the pump. After being stored and fed to the accumulator to accumulate pressure, it is applied to the soil through the intermittent valve from the fertilizer nozzle at a predetermined pitch. In addition, when carrying out the control work, after storing the desired chemical in the main tank and then switching the flow path to the control side and running the machine, the chemical in the main tank doubles as a pump to be sucked and discharged. After the pressure is accumulated in the accumulator in the same manner as above, it is sprayed on the crops in the field from the spray nozzle of the pest control section.

[0008]

【Example】

 The structure of the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. 1 is a self-propelled vehicle having a rear steering engine E and a loop type steering handle H extending rearward above the engine E. It is a traveling aircraft. In this traveling machine body 1, a mission case 3 that pivotally supports rear wheels (driving wheels) 2, an engine mounting frame 4 extending rearward, and a main frame 5 extending forward are integrally connected. Further, the main frame 5 is integrally connected with the fertilization frame 5a of the spot fertilization section F and the pump mounting base 5b.

A pair of left and right chain cases 7, 7a are fixed to the left and right sides of the fertilizer application frame 5a via brackets 6, 6a, 6b, etc. in two upper and lower stages on the front and rear sides. A pair of left and right front wheels 8 that can be steered around the vertical axis are sewn to the front part of the tongue in such a manner that the upper part approaches each other and the lower part expands outward (toe-out) through the adjusting handle 9a. A front wheel stay 9 for vertically adjustable support is integrally provided, and an upper mounting plate 11 and a lower mounting plate 12 projecting from a mounting frame (control frame) 10 of the control section S are mounted on brackets 13 and 14, respectively. Also, it is detachably mounted via bolts 13a and 14a. The toe-out of the front wheel 8 allows the front wheel 8 on the opposite side to effectively receive the driving reaction force when the fertilizing nozzle on the left and right sides, which will be described later, plunges into the soil. ing.

As shown in FIGS. 10 to 14, the pest control frame 10 is a substantially rectangular front frame, and a plurality of mounting holes 15c for the beams 15 are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) thereof. Has been. The beam 15 has injection pipe attachment portions 15a and 15b whose both wings are folded upward via bolts 15 'so as to be rotatable and fixed, and the injection pipe attachment portions 15a and 15b are bent and oriented respectively. A flexible injection pipe 17 having a plurality of variable spray nozzles 16 is mounted straightly as shown by a chain line and curvedly deformable as an arch as shown by a solid line in a state where a midway portion in the longitudinal direction is fixed. The pest control frame 10 is sandwiched by the beam 15 and the pressing plate 18 from the front and back, and a height adjusting knob 19 is screwed between the two, and the tightening and loosening operation of the knob 19 allows the beam 15 to be positioned at an appropriate height. The mounting height of the beam 15 can be easily adjusted and fixed by setting it in the mounting hole 15c.

By the way, the upper mounting plate 11 projecting from the pest control frame 10 has a U-shape extending outward of the pest control frame 10 in a plan view, and has a front wheel height including an adjustment handle 9a. It is located below the adjustment part and is integrated in the longitudinal middle part of the pest control frame 10 by a fixing means such as welding so that the front view is not obstructed by the upper mounting plate 11 and the front wheel height is high. The handleability of the height adjustment part is improved, and since the pest control frame 10 is supported on the traveling machine body 1 side by the upper and lower two-stage mounting plates 11 and 12, the mounting strength is increased, and moreover, the pressing plate 18 and the upper mounting plate are installed. Since 11 does not interfere, the setting position of the control section S with respect to the control frame 10 can be easily changed.

In the upper position between the rear wheel 2 and the front wheel 8, a liquid or paste-like fluid fertilizer or a medicinal solution (insecticide, bactericide, herbicide, etc.) is selectively contained. A main tank 20 is installed. In this embodiment, the main tank 20 is of a two-part type that is arranged side by side on the left and right sides, and an example in which a stirring blade 21 is swingably provided at the inner bottom is illustrated. A pair of left and right auxiliary tanks 22 corresponding to the main tanks 20 are mounted in front of the main tanks 20 and above the front wheels 8. The auxiliary tanks 22 store wash water (which may be fresh water). By doing so, at the end of point fertilization or pest control work, the cleaning water in the auxiliary tank 22 is jetted into the main tank 20 and a series of flow paths of fertilizer and chemicals by using the pump and piping described later. Therefore, the cleaning work in the main tank 20 and the flow path can be easily performed. Since the main tank 20 is arranged above the rear wheels (driving wheels) 2, there is no possibility that the front-rear balance of the aircraft will be lost and the maneuverability will not be deteriorated even when the tank is full or when the content is reduced. Since the auxiliary tank 22 is arranged in front of the main tank 20 and above the front wheel 8, the front-rear balance of the machine body can be appropriately changed by adjusting the amount of wash water or the like contained in the auxiliary tank 22. Reference numeral 21 is a bracket for rotatably supporting the drive shaft 21b of the stirring blade 21, and the drive shaft 21b is vertically oscillated by a predetermined angle in a void portion a formed in a joint portion between the left and right main tanks 20, 20. It is installed and interlocked with the drive side of the traveling machine body 1 via a linkage mechanism (b). 21p is a feeding hose.

In the injecting fertilizer application section F, a pair of left and right rod-shaped fertilizer application nozzles 23, 23a supported by upper and lower crankshafts (crank fulcrums) 24, 24a change the phase by 180 degrees to the left and right to perform a deforming circular motion to apply fertilizer. When the nozzles 23, 23a move from the front to the rear, the discharge end side of the lower end is pierced into the soil to apply fertilizer (point application). That is, the chain cases 7 and 7a respectively support two upper and lower crankshafts 24 and 24a that rotate synchronously by chain transmission, and the crankshafts 24 and 24a and the left and right fertilizer nozzles 23 and 23a are respectively connected to crank arms. 25, 25a are connected so as to make a circular deformation motion in the vertical direction, and the crank pin 25b provided on the lower crank arm 25a is inserted into the slot 26a of the bracket 26 provided on the fertilizing nozzle 23, 23a side. It is loosely fitted to the front side of the hole 26a while being elastically urged.

The fertilizer application nozzles 23, 23a are attached to the fertilizer application frame 5a via the brackets 6, 6a, 6b and the chain cases 7, 7a so that the crank fulcrums 24, 24a are located near the rear of the front wheel 8 as described above. The fertilizer application position (the lowest end position of the locus of rotation of the fertilizer application nozzles 23, 23a) is arranged as close as possible to the rear end edge of the front wheel 8 in a side view. Further, the spray nozzle 16 of the control section S is arranged at a position near the front of the front wheel 8. That is, the positional relationship between the working parts (fertilizer application part F, pest control part S) mounted on the front part of the machine and the front wheel 8 is such that the spray nozzles 16, the front wheel 8, and the fertilizer part F of the pest control part S are arranged from the front to the rear. The fertilizer application nozzles 23 and 23a are arranged in this order.

Reference numeral 27 denotes a fertilizing / preventing pump fixed below the main tank 20 and fixed on the pump mounting base 5 b. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the pump 27 has a transmission mechanism M. Is connected interlockingly with the engine E via the suction port 27a, and the suction port 27a side can be switched between the main tank 20 and the auxiliary tank 22 via the switching valve 28 and the pipes 29a, 29b, 29c, and the discharge port 27b side. Are respectively connected to accumulators 30 and 30a described later through pipes. On the other hand, the discharge side flow path of the pump 27 and the main tank 20 are connected by a return circuit R having switching valves 55 and 55a described later. In the present embodiment, as the pump 27, a double piston pump in which two left and right plunger type pistons k move back and forth to perform suction / discharge operations is illustrated.

That is, the drive shaft (pump shaft) 27 ′ of the pump 27 has, for example, an eccentric cam portion similar to the crank shaft of the engine, and the eccentric cam rotates, and the rotation of the pump shaft 27 ′ causes the pump shaft 27 ′ to rotate. A pair of left and right pistons k incorporated in the unit 27 reciprocate in opposite directions with a predetermined stroke, thereby opening the valves 57 and 57a and closing the valves 55 and 55a, as shown in FIG. In the case of point injection fertilization work to be performed as described above, fertilizer in the main tank 20 sucked into the pump 27 through the pipes 29a and 29c from the suction port 27a is discharged to the left and right accumulators 30 and 30a from the left and right discharge ports 27b, respectively. The pressure is fed and accumulated through the pipes 30 ', 30'a, and then pressure-fed from each accumulator 30, 30a to the fertilizer nozzle 23, 23a side via the intermittent valve 31, 31a to the soil. Fertilization is applied at a predetermined pitch.

Further, in the case of the control work in which the valves 57 and 57a are closed and the valves 55 and 55a are opened, the chemical liquid in the main tank 20 sucked into the pump 27 from the suction port 27a in the same manner as above. Are sent from the left and right outlets 27b to the accumulators 30 and 30a, respectively, and then are pressure-fed to the jet pipe 17 side through the pipes 32 and 32a and continuously sprayed from the spray nozzle 16 to the crop T in the field. It has become so. Then, the switching of the pump drive states adapted to the spot fertilization and the pest control is performed by the switching operation of the pawl clutch 33. By interposing the accumulators 30 and 30a in the discharge side flow path as described above, the fertilizer or chemical liquid pulsatingly discharged from the piston pump 27 is injected into the fertilizer F or the pest control section with a minimal pulsation. It can be sent by pressure to the section S.

As the pump 27, a double pump is used, but the devices on the lower side of the pump 27 are arranged independently on the left and right sides as shown in FIG. If you want to stop the discharge on only one of the left and right sides, stop the stop valve (57 or 57a) on one side, or operate the switching valve (55 or 55a) on the return circuit R side to perform simple valve operation. It is configured so that it can be stopped on one side.

By the way, in the case of pest control, since it is necessary to continuously spray from a large number of spray nozzles 16, the pump shaft 27 ′ is constantly rotated for the purpose of increasing the discharge amount of the pump 27 and increasing the discharge pressure, With the maximum operating stroke of the pump, and in the case of point fertilization, the number of nozzles is small (2), and in the case of the above-mentioned control in combination with point fertilization in the soil at predetermined intervals. Since it is necessary to reduce the amount of fertilizer discharged in comparison, there is a discharge amount adjusting mechanism D that reduces the amount of discharge of the pump 27 in accordance with the amount of fertilizer applied for point injection in the transmission mechanism of point fertilization. Intervened. That is, in the present embodiment, the metering mechanism D is constructed by connecting the drive side crank arm 34a and the driven side crank arm 35a, which are fixed to the fourth shaft 34 and the fifth shaft 35, respectively, by the crank rod 36. Is. Through this metering mechanism D, the pump shaft 27 'is oscillated back and forth by a predetermined angle (forward / reverse oscillating) without rotating, and the pump stroke is reduced to operate in small steps, thereby reducing the discharge amount of the pump 27. I am trying to Further, a plurality of pin holes 39 of the crank rod 36 and the pivot pin 38 of the driven side crank arm 35a are provided to form a stroke adjusting device 37, and the crank rod 36 is replaced in any of the pin holes 39 ( By replacing the pin holes), the arm ratio on the drive side and the driven side can be changed stepwise. As described above, by reducing the stroke of the pump 27 and moving the pump 27 back and forth in small steps, even paste-like fertilizer with high viscosity can be smoothly discharged.

Now, FIG. 6 shows an example of the transmission mechanism M of the present invention. That is, the power from the engine E is transmitted by the forward belt tension clutch 40 or the reverse belt tension clutch 41 to the forward shaft 42 or the reverse shaft 43 of the transmission 3a. The rear wheel 2 is designed to move forward or backward by switching the belt tension clutch 40 or 41. However, since the reverse shaft 43 also serves as the PTO shaft, the power is the reverse shaft. It is transmitted from the (PTO shaft) 43 to the first shaft 44, and in the case of point injection fertilization, it is further transmitted to the second shaft 46 via the point injection clutch 45 and then to the third shaft 48 by the pin clutch 47. , The chain 49 rotationally drives the fourth shaft 34 and the intermittent valves 31, 31a. The rotation of the fourth shaft 34 causes the crank rod 36 to reciprocate, and the fifth shaft 35 to rotate via the pawl clutch 33, so that the pump drive chain 50 reciprocates to operate the pump 27. . A switching device Q for injecting pitches (for example, 20 cm and 30 cm) is provided between the second shaft 46 and the third shaft 48, and the injecting pitch can be switched in a plurality of stages by switching operation of the pin clutch 47. Is configured.

On the other hand, in the case of pest control, when the clutch 45 for infusion is disengaged and the pin clutch 44a is switched to the pest control side, the power input from the engine E to the first shaft 44 is transmitted via the chain 51 or 52. The pump 27 is operated by being transmitted to the fifth shaft 35 by the claw clutch 33, rotating the fifth shaft 35, and further rotating the pump drive chain 50 at all times. In FIG. 6, “a” indicates a control use area (control system) after input to the first shaft 44, and “b” also indicates a point-applied fertilizer use area (point-applied fertilizer system), which is switched as described above. It is performed by operating the clutch 33.

In FIG. 5, reference numeral R is a return circuit, 53 is a drain, 54 and 54 a are relief valves, 55 and 55 a are switching valves, 56 and 56 a are strainers, 57 and 57 a are stop valves, and 21 m is inside the tank 20. It is a cleaning nozzle provided.

In the case of performing the spot fertilization operation, the valves 57 and 57a are opened and the valves 55 and 55a are closed to store the fluid fertilizer in the main tank 20, and then the engine E is started to start the transmission mechanism M. When the forward belt tension clutch 40 is inserted (the reverse belt tension clutch 41 is OFF) to advance the machine body 1 and the point injection clutch 45 is inserted, the fertilizer in the main tank 20 is accumulated by the pump 27 in the accumulators 30, 3. 0a for accumulating the pressure, then pressure-feeding to the injecting fertilizer application section F via the intermittent valves 31, 31a, and injecting soil into the soil by the fertilizer application nozzles 23, 23a.

In addition, when the control work is performed, the infusion clutch 45 is disengaged, the valves 57 and 67a are closed, the valves 55 and 55a are opened, and the desired chemical solution is stored in the main tank 20. After that, when the reverse belt tension clutch 41 is put in and the machine body 1 is moved backward, the chemical liquid in the main tank 20 is pumped by the pump 27 to the control section S via the accumulators 30 and 30a, and the spray of the pipe body 17 is sprayed. The crop T is continuously sprayed from the nozzle 16.

At the time of this control work, since the position of the spray nozzle 16 is the frontmost part of the machine farthest from the operator who is operating at the handle position at the rear of the machine, the chemical liquid sprayed from the nozzle 16 is the operator. It is prevented as much as possible. In particular, in this embodiment, since the control work is performed while the machine body 1 is moving backward, the operator is hardly exposed to the chemical solution, and the safety during the control work is further enhanced.

In the fertilization work or the extermination work, it is necessary to secure a preset desired height without changing the fertilization height and the extermination height in order to improve the working accuracy. Since the fertilizer application nozzles 23 and 23a and the spray nozzle 16 are disposed in front and rear positions close to the front wheel 8, respectively, and the fertilization / control action position is near the front wheel, the fluctuation of the working height with respect to the ground surface does not occur. The working height is always kept at the optimum setting height.

Further, when the working height (fertilization depth, control height) is changed (fine adjustment) according to the field conditions, the type of crops, etc., the adjustment handle 9a is rotated to adjust the front wheel height. By changing the, you can adjust easily and surely. Also in this case, since the working positions of the fertilizer application nozzles 23 and 23a and the spray nozzle 16 are near the front wheel 8, the height adjustment accuracy of each work nozzle is improved.

By the way, after the point fertilization or pest control work is completed, the remaining amount in the main tank 20 is extracted from the drain 53 into a container such as a bag, and then the switching valve 28 is switched to the cleaning side (main tank 20 side is closed and the auxiliary tank 22 side is opened) and the switching valves 55, 55a are switched to the return circuit R side, the cleaning water in the auxiliary tank 22 is sent to and accumulated in the accumulators 30, 30a by the pump 27. After that, it is jetted into the main tank 20 from the cleaning nozzle 21m via the feed hose 21p of the return circuit R. Therefore, the main tank 20, the pump 27, the accumulators 30 and 30a, the switching valves 55 and 55a, and the series of pipelines that connect them are automatically and promptly washed with washing water. Then, the waste liquid after washing is discharged from the drain 53 to the field. The diluted fertilizer after washing may be discharged as it is, but it is also possible to put it in a bag or the like and use it for spraying the surface of the field at a later date.

During the above-mentioned point fertilizing operation, the left and right fertilizing nozzles 23, 23a constantly change circular motion in the vertical direction by changing the phase, and the machine body 1 moves forward while driving the tip of the nozzle into the soil. If is hard, the front wheel 8 side may float up due to the reaction force of the fertilizer application nozzles 23 and 23a. In such a case, it is possible to add paste fertilizer to the auxiliary tank 22 to increase the front wheel share weight. As a result, stable work can be performed. In this case, when the main tank 20 becomes empty, the switching valve 28 may be switched to drive the fertilizer in the auxiliary tank 22 into the soil.

Further, it is also possible to put fertilizer or chemical solution in both the main tank 20 and the auxiliary tank 22 as necessary (for example, when the field is large and the number of times of replenishment of fertilizer etc. is large).

In this embodiment, the traveling machine body 1 is moved forward during the point fertilization operation, but the traveling machine body 1 is moved backward during the control work. Therefore, the operator is sprayed during the control work. The exposure to chemicals is greatly reduced and the working environment is significantly improved. In addition, the traveling speed changes in proportion to the rotation speed of the engine E in both forward and reverse movements, and the rotation speeds of the PTO shaft 43 and the pump 27 also change in proportion to each other. A preset amount per unit area is secured for both the amount of sprayed chemical liquid, and therefore, the amount of sprayed fertilizer applied per unit area per unit area, whether the engineer is working at a low engine speed or a skilled worker is working at a high speed. There is no variation in the amount, and it is possible to perform accurate point injection fertilization or pest control work according to the set amount.

[0032]

[Effect of device]

 Since the present invention is configured as described above, since the spray nozzle of the pest control part is arranged at the frontmost part of the aircraft farthest from the control position, it is possible to prevent the operator from being exposed to the spray liquid as much as possible, thus enabling safe work. Not only that, but the adjustment accuracy of the height of each work nozzle for fertilizer application and pest control can be improved by adjusting the front wheels up and down.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a fertilizer application machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a fertilizer application machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the fertilizer application machine with the control unit removed.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fertilizer application machine with the fertilizer application section and the control section removed.

FIG. 5 is a piping diagram.

FIG. 6 is a transmission mechanism diagram.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged side view of a pump discharge amount adjusting mechanism.

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a fertilizer application nozzle portion.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a fertilizer application nozzle portion.

FIG. 10 is a schematic front view of a control unit showing a control work state.

FIG. 11 is a side view showing a mounted state of the pest control frame.

FIG. 12 is a front view showing a relationship between a pest control frame and a front wheel height adjusting handle.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of a beam attachment portion.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of the lower end support portion of the pest control frame.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Traveling Aircraft 2 Drive Rear Wheel 8 Front Wheel 9a Front Wheel Height Adjusting Handle 16 Spray Nozzle 23, 23a Fertilizer Nozzle 27 Pump E Engine F Pointing Fertilizer Application H Steering Handle M Transmission Mechanism S Control Section

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification number Internal reference number FI technical display location B05B 17/00 101 7918-4D (72) Creator Yoshihisa Yurino Izumo-cho, Higashi-Izumo-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane Prefecture Address 667 1 Within Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A fertilizer application section and a chemical spraying control section can be attached to and detached from the front of a self-propelled traveling machine body having front wheels whose height can be adjusted and rear wheels for driving and a steering handle provided at the rear. A fertilizer application machine equipped with a spray nozzle of an extermination part in front of a front wheel and a fertilizer application nozzle in the rear of the front wheel, respectively.