JPH06511310A - How to charge and test rechargeable storage batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method for charging and testing storage batteries and its relationship to related applications This application is filed under U.S. Application No. 919,417, filed October 16, 1986, and now U.S. Patent No. 4.745,349. Title: ``Methods of charging and testing storage batteries and their Regarding “the device”.

background of shouting 1. & shout Q field The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for charging and testing storage batteries, and in particular, to It concerns lead-acid batteries of all capacities and voltages. More specifically, the present invention provides for The characteristics of the storage battery are diagnosed in detail, and the charging characteristics are automatically adjusted to match the characteristics of the storage battery. Concerning methods and devices that are dynamically regulated and charge storage batteries with maximum efficiency and speed. do.

Capacity, standard voltage, charging status, defects, gas generation, charging success/failure, storage battery, etc. A method and device for accurately measuring the characteristics of storage batteries can be used efficiently, quickly, and safely. Helpful to recharge. Manual measurement of these variables is expensive and time consuming.

With the introduction of microprocessor-based autonomous chargers, these operating characteristics become automatic. measured and the battery is charged at optimum conditions.

Typically, industrial lead-acid batteries have a charging capacity of several hundred ampere-hours. make the most of it In order to No. To prevent damage to the battery, recharge the battery immediately after use. There is a need. The battery charger is easy to operate and requires the user to Must warn of battery defects. Defective storage batteries and unsafe conditions during charging It is desirable that this is displayed.

Some of the early commercially available chargers used a constant current charging method for a set period of time. There was something. Usable charging time (how long the battery is ready for use) The operator sets the level of charging current according to the required time) and capacity. state of charge Since the current state (SOC) is not taken into consideration, the efficiency of this type of charger is low11). first time When the SOC during the period is low (but the battery is not charged during the last quarter of the charging period) and the gas is force) and release it.

Some other chargers choose a charging voltage lower than the gas voltage (for a certain period of time). During this period, constant voltage charging method is used. As the charging current decreases asymptotically, the gas Theoretically, it is possible to fully charge a storage battery in this way without any generation. It takes a lot of time.

The UK-based Westinghouse Davensett Rectifier's charger uses this method. using transformation. The storage battery voltage is set to a predetermined value corresponding to the gas release voltage (Vfis). The accumulator is supplied with a charging current until the level . Charging is at this stage. is continued by the timer for a specified period of time from be exposed. The storage battery is then placed in a state of weak current charging to compensate for open circuit self-discharge losses. Make amends. Energy loss during the timer-controlled charging period is reduced to the storage area.

Even bigger and more harmful.

The charger introduced by Oldham/Barmer & Simson in the UK is Charge current is applied to the storage battery until the voltage reaches the gas release voltage. Next, the charger Repeat between constant cycle and charge cycle. During the measurement cycle, the charging current is measured and the accumulator is charged in a constant voltage state corresponding to the gas voltage. Charge twice It ends when the currents in successive measurement cycles of are equal.

Chargers that use periodic discharge pulses during the charging state are It has been marketed by Rick Corporation. This state of charge is a discharge pulse Obtained from the current inside. This charger is designed for small, low capacity storage batteries .

Conventional technology also includes the use of computers/microphones to perform analysis and control functions. There are chargers that use processors. One of the earliest chargers of this type analyzes the voltage-current (1-V) characteristics while current is flowing to the battery. this IV data is measured for each cell in the battery and compared to the average value for all cells.

A battery is diagnosed as defective if all cells exhibit significantly different characteristics. It will be done. However, in practice, cells in storage batteries may not be accessible. Often.

Other chargers in this class have a voltage-current curve obtained from the IV characteristics described above. The slope of the line is used to measure the state of charge of the battery. This means that the above inclined part is The slope of the average IV characteristic of the same storage battery at various charge levels (SOC, ) This is achieved by comparing.

Still other microprometers using the average I-V characteristics of the current sink test cycle Processor-based chargers have been proposed in European Patent Nos. 067589 and 67590. There is. The I-V characteristics of accumulators of different capacities (within a narrow range) and state of charge are determined by the memory - is stored in They are storage batteries that are charged to measure SOC. compared with the characteristics of If no match is found, the charger assumes a fault condition; Alert workers. I-V characteristics are nearly identical in successive test cycles. The battery will be charged until

The chargers proposed in the current state of the art all have a certain standard voltage and a narrow range of capacities. limited to storage batteries. Fault detection diagnostic methods are also limited. For example, a disproportionate pair Matching cells and cells with soft shorts are not individually signaled. Storage battery operation It can automatically identify characteristics, detect fault conditions, and charge with high efficiency and high speed. It is clear that we need a capable charger.

Light Tsui! powder The present invention uses a rechargeable battery to measure several conditions including battery defects and characteristics. Equipment for charging and testing possible accumulators, e.g. lead-acid batteries of all capacities and voltages I will provide a. Generally speaking, the device is equipped with a microprocessor that controls the operation of the device. including sensor equipment. The software device is a microprocessor device with a series of Command actions. A memory device connects to a microprocessor device and Stores instructions for the hardware, predetermined data, and characteristics of the storage battery cells.

The digital-to-analog conversion device connects to the microprocessor device and Converts the digital signal from the processor device into an analog signal. digital-analog The switching device converts the required voltage and current when commanded by the microprocessor device. and a DC power generation device connected to the converter to generate electric power. Book binding The installation has a set of output devices for connection to the storage battery. Connect to the output device A current sensing device measures the current flowing through the output device to the battery.

The voltage measuring device measures the voltage of storage batteries, current sensing devices, and DC power generators. Ru. An analog-to-digital converter is connected to the voltage measuring device and the microprocessor converts the analog signal from the voltage measurement device into a digital signal for sending to the sensor. Ru.

The second software device determines the number of cells, capacity, state of charge, and defects in the storage battery. Analyze current and voltage to measure. In addition, this device is sensitive to current and voltage. A drive device, a DC power generator, and a storage device that controls the electrical circuit that connects the It consists of a battery. The control device is connected to the power generation device, and the control device is connected to the power generation device. The force generator controls the voltage and current sent to the battery. microprocessor The display device controlled by the device shows the status of the storage battery, the status of this device, and advice. Display the

In one feature of the invention, the power generation device of the device generates direct current power that is sent to the storage battery. The device includes a device that generates a current, and the current value is stored in software connected to the storage device. The voltage measured by the wear device and the voltage measuring device determines the relationship over a predetermined time. Determined by number.

In another feature of the invention, the power generation device of the invention provides direct current power that is sent to the storage battery. It includes a device that generates voltage, and the voltage value is stored in software connected to the storage device. The relationship between the wear device and the current measured by the voltage measuring device is determined at a predetermined time. Determined by number.

The device's software device measures the minimum, maximum, and actual number of cells in the battery. devices that controllably change the voltage and current sent to storage batteries, storage batteries A device for measuring the gas release point of a storage battery, a device for detecting a defective state of a storage battery, It includes a device for measuring capacity and state of charge.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for testing rechargeable storage batteries comprising the following steps: I will provide a.

(a) Measure the voltage of the open circuit, and it is possible according to the measured open circuit voltage. Calculate the number of cells; (b) Send a controllably varying current or voltage to the storage battery for a predetermined period of time to Measure the response voltage or current developed at or through the battery terminals and testing the battery for emissions; (c) Where the charging voltage of the storage battery is a characteristic of the storage battery depending on the expected number of cells in the storage battery. Charge said battery at any charging rate until it is equal to the voltage multiplied by a certain voltage. death; (d) Repeat (a), (b) and (c) until step (b) indicates gas release. death: (e) The current at which the storage battery releases gas in the direction of current increase ("IfiX ) and voltage ("V"), and the storage battery releases gas in the direction of decreasing current. Measure the current (“I gas”) and voltage (“v1 down”) at which the output stops. Established;

(f) Determine the actual number of cells in the storage battery from ■Gas up and ■Gas down. established; (g) The actual number of cells determined in step CI> and in step (a) Charging is performed by the measured open circuit voltage and the manual charge applied to the storage battery by this device. Determine the state of: (h) The If town is lower than or equal to a predetermined value. or when the Insdown is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. Calculate the capacity of the storage battery from the difference between the above I gas up and I gas da f) y: ( i) Determine the defect condition from the open circuit voltage; (D) set in step (b) Determine defect status from current-voltage characteristics.

Another method of the present invention includes the following steps in addition to the above steps.

(a) Where the charging voltage of the storage battery is a characteristic of the storage battery depending on the expected number of cells in the storage battery. Charge said battery at any charging rate until it is equal to the voltage multiplied by a certain voltage. death: (b) The battery remains in step (a) until the charging current drops to a predetermined low value. (C) Charge with a constant voltage equal to the voltage: (C) Charge at a specified constant current for a specified period of time. Charge the battery at the desired voltage: (d) said IEsf') is at a predetermined low level characteristic of the desired state of charge of the storage battery; Steps (b) and (e) of the method and step (c) of the method until a limit is reached. repetition: (e) the capacity of the storage battery to accept charge from the charging input to said storage battery; Calculate the amount.

One method of the present invention is to determine the number of cells in a storage battery by using the minimum number of cells calculated from the following formula. Calculate the number of files.

Here, the value of ■ corresponds to the cell voltage of a fully charged cell, and OCv is the open circuit It is voltage.

One method of the present invention is to determine the number of cells in a storage battery by using the maximum number of cells calculated from the following formula. Calculate the number of files.

Maximum number of cells = (OCV/V,) Here, the value of V2 corresponds to the cell voltage of a fully discharged cell, and OCv is the It is the open circuit voltage of the battery.

One method of the present invention is that when the calculated number of cells is smaller than a predetermined value, the actual cell number is The number is calculated from the maximum number of cells (MAXCEL).

In the present invention, the storage battery voltage is determined by multiplying a predetermined value by the minimum number of cells, which is a characteristic of the storage battery. Provides a method for charging a storage battery until it is equal to .

One method of the invention is to determine the actual number of cells by dividing the gas by Set. Here, V3 is a characteristic value depending on the type of storage battery.

One method of the present invention for determining the outgassing point variables consists of the following steps: : (a) For a given period of time, the battery voltage varies from the open circuit voltage to the characteristics of the battery type. The voltage rises monotonically to a predetermined high limit voltage, which is a characteristic of the The storage battery voltage is maintained at a high limit voltage for a predetermined period of time. decreases monotonically from the voltage to the open circuit voltage: (b) between said rising and falling voltage; , measure the response current and or impedance: (C) analyzing the data by differential di/dV versus I and or V; Here, ■ is current, ■ is voltage, or dZ/dV vs. I and or V , where ■ is current, ■ is voltage, and 2 is impedance; (d) The existence of one or more minimum values of dI/dV or az/av in the direction of increasing voltage Determine the outgassing variable by the current, and furthermore, in the direction of voltage drop, dI/dV or The gas stop point is determined by the presence of one or more minimum values of dZ/dV.

Another method of the present invention for determining the gas release point variables consists of the following steps. ing: (a) For a given period of time, the battery voltage varies from the open circuit voltage to the characteristics of the battery type. The voltage rises monotonically to a predetermined high limit voltage, which is a characteristic of the The storage battery voltage is maintained at a high limit voltage for a predetermined period of time. (b) between said rising and falling voltage; , measuring the response current and or impedance; (c) Analyzing the data by differential dI/dV pair ■ and or V, Here, ■ is the current and ■ is the voltage; (d) In the direction in which the voltage increases, dI/d Determine the outgassing variable by the presence of one or more minimum values of V; The gas stop point is determined by the presence of one or more minimum values of dI/dV in the direction of Ru.

The present invention provides a method for detecting reverse connection of battery leads to the device. , in which case the measured open circuit voltage is lower than the predetermined voltage, in particular lower than -1V. stomach.

One method of the invention provides that the measured open circuit voltage is lower than a predetermined voltage and The measured open-circuit voltage may cause unauthorized access of the accumulator to the device if the voltage is higher than the specified voltage. Detect a positive connection.

One method of the present invention provides that the open circuit voltage is higher than the predetermined voltage and substantially lower than the open circuit voltage. If the battery has a defect such that almost zero current flows through the battery in response to a high applied voltage, Detects the status of the storage battery. Upon detecting the above condition, the present invention provides one or more of the following: Indicates the following defective condition: (a) Poor connection; (b) Corroded terminal; (c) Loss of electrolyte: (d) Defective relay-type components within equipment: One method of the invention Detecting batteries with unbalanced cells. In this case, the capacity mentioned above is Mismatch is the presence of multiple gas release points in the direction of increasing current or voltage, or , indicated by the presence of one or more gas stop points in the direction of decreasing current or voltage. Ru.

One method of the present invention detects defects in batteries due to sulfate leadification. The defect is The presence of one or more current-voltage inflection points in the direction of increasing current or voltage; indicated by the absence of a corresponding outgassing stop point in the direction of decreasing current or voltage. Ru.

One method of the present invention detects battery defects due to soft shorted cells.

The defect is caused by a disproportionately low value of 1jX7yb relative to the point of gas release or A predetermined increase in the open circuit voltage of an accumulator due to a sudden inflow of current or voltage into the battery displayed by a sudden increase in the minimum increase in .

One method of the present invention is to eliminate two sets of The internal resistance of the storage battery is measured from the variables of SUP and IF SUP. of the said group Each corresponds to a different state of charge of the accumulator.

One method of the present invention detects defective storage batteries. In this case, the defect is measured The internal resistance of the storage battery stored in the storage device is expressed as by comparing it with the corresponding value.

Another method of the invention used to measure outgassing points consists of the following steps: (a) The battery current is reduced from zero or near zero current to a predetermined high limit for a predetermined period of time. monotonically increasing the current to said current and holding said current at said high limit value for a predetermined time; Further, the current is reduced from the high limit value to zero or near zero for a predetermined period of time. The current decreases monotonically to: (b) The above current increases/decreases the voltage and/or impedance of the responsive storage battery. Measure while doing; (c) analyzing the data by differential dV/dI versus I and or V; Here, ■ is current, ■ is voltage, or dZ/dI vs. I and or V , where ■ is current, ■ is voltage, 2 is impedance, and (d) The outgassing variable is defined as either dV/dl or dZ/dl in the direction of increasing voltage. The gas stop point is determined by the presence of two or more maximum values, and the gas stop point is Determined by the presence of one or more maximum values of dV/dI or dZ/dI at

By using the method of the present invention, storage batteries can be Allows batteries to be charged at maximum efficiency and speed without reducing battery life. . Moreover, the method of the present invention detects the failure condition of the storage battery, determines the capacity of the storage battery, the state of charge, etc. It can be used to calculate the current state and standard storage battery voltage. In addition, the main The method described is suitable for use with all types and sizes of batteries and is It can be used without requiring the operating characteristics of

Brief description of the drawing The following detailed description, given by way of example, is best understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus capable of implementing the method of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 3 shows the dV/dI versus inflow current due to current inflow when the storage battery is in a state of charge of 93%. FIG.

Figure 4 shows dV/dI versus inflow due to current inflow when the storage battery is in a 100% state of charge. It is a plot diagram of electric current.

Figure 5 shows the dV/dI vs. battery due to current inflow when the battery is in a state of charge of 93%. It is a storage battery voltage diagram.

Figure 6 shows dV/dI versus storage due to current inflow when the storage battery is in a 100% state of charge. It is a battery storage battery voltage diagram.

Figure 7 shows dV/dI vs. battery when voltage is applied when the battery is in a 50% state of charge. It is an electric storage battery current diagram.

Figure 8 shows dV/dT vs. storage due to voltage application when the storage battery is in a 100% charged state. It is a battery storage battery current diagram.

Figure 9 shows the relationship between battery voltage and impedance as a function of charging time during constant current charging. It is a plot diagram showing changes.

FIG. 10 is a plot diagram showing the dependence of the rate of change of storage battery voltage on the charging speed. be.

FIG. 11 shows that the initial state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery of the invention according to the embodiment of FIG. FIG. 2 is a state-of-charge diagram of a lead-acid battery being charged to 50% by a charger.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows that the initial state of charge (SOC) of the battery of the present invention according to the embodiment of FIG. FIG. 3 is a state-of-charge diagram of a lead-acid battery being charged to 50 percent by a battery charger.

FIG. 14 is a series of plots for measuring gas points using the voltage application method.

FIG. 15 is a series of plots for measuring gas points using the current flow method.

I screamed when I crossed my shoes. The charger 80 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the microprocessor 10 and the storage battery 40. It is composed of a power device 30. What is the microprocessor 10 and the power device 30? , housed together in one device as an “intelligent” power source. or two independent devices connected to corresponding software and hardware. It can also exist as a device. Microprocessor 10 outputs instructions 20 to to the device 30, thereby controlling its performance and operating characteristics. microprocessor The processor 10 is controlled by software embedded in its storage device.

Microprocessor 10 also analyzes data 50 received from power device 30. and determine the appropriate operation and initial stage of the charging process.

The power device 30 only functions as a slave to the microprocessor 10; outputs current and/or voltage as commanded by microprocessor 10; Ru. In addition to outputting power, the power device 30 is preferably capable of opening and closing the charging circuit. I can do it. The power device 30 preferably prevents the storage battery 40 from discharging into the power device 30. It also has a diode to stop it. The power device 30 preferably connects the battery voltage and the shunt. It has a small assembly similar to a voltmeter that can measure the charging current flowing through a similar device. Ru. There is no difference in the hardware connections between the inflow cycle and the charge cycle.

The difference between them is determined by the software sent by the microprocessor 10 to the power device 3o. It is only the command of the hardware and therefore the output of power (voltage and/or current). electric The power device 30 preferably includes a digital-to-analog conversion device 60, which The device 60 converts the digital instructions 2o received from the microprocessor 10 into electrical power. Converting to analog signals that control the functions of device 30. The power device 3o preferably includes: It also has an analog-to-digital converter 70, and the converter 70 is connected to the power device 3o. Converts the analog data from these to data 50 and sends it to the microprocessor 1o. Ru. It consists of a microprocessor 10, software, and a power device 3o. The system, including all its ancillary devices, will hereafter be referred to as charger 80.

The power device 30 starts the charging process after the storage battery 40 is connected to the charger 80. The starter switch (not shown) is turned on as shown.

In addition, power device 30 has a manual/automatic switch (not shown).

In the manual position, the charger 80 allows the operator to fix the charging current and allows the user to All functions of device 80 can be manually controlled. automatic position , the charger 80 intentionally controls all functions according to the characteristics of the storage battery 4o. control, detect fault conditions, if present, and charge very efficiently and rapidly. Ru.

The storage battery 40 is made of nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, lead, nickel-zinc, All types of recharge such as nickel-iron, silver-zinc, zinc-bromine, zinc-chlorine etc. It is a storage battery that can be used for electricity. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, lead acid batteries are used. has been done. The following drawing descriptions, which apply to all types, are for illustrative purposes only. and shall not be construed as being limited to said battery type. . However, some variables, e.g. fully discharged state and charged equivalent The cell voltage has different values according to the specific type of N battery, and It is clear that this must be properly incorporated into the software instructions. lead acid Batteries are made up of multiple cells depending on the voltage requirements of the application. Each lead cell is completely The voltage is about 2.2■ when charging, and the voltage is about 2■ when completely discharged. These values are , higher depending on the polarization or the remaining period after the last charge or use of the accumulator or low. The cell voltage will be between these values for intermediate states of charge. Ru. The capacity of storage batteries varies from a few ampere-hours to several hundred ampere-hours, or It can take on any value in the range of thousands of ampere-hours.

All controls and functions are initiated and commanded by the microprocessor 10 and powered by the microprocessor 10. Executed by device 30. For example, to perform the application of a linearly increasing voltage , the microprocessor 10 first sets the voltage and current output limits. electric Depending on the slope of the pressure application, the analysis and response time of the microprocessor 1o and the power device 3o. The microprocessor 10 periodically sends instructions 2o to the power device 3o, Require appropriate voltage output. Next, the power device 3o waits for a predetermined time and then outputs the response current. is measured, data 50 is sent to the microprocessor 1o, and then the microprocessor The processor 10 commands the power device 3o to output the next required voltage level.

This sequence continues until the set limit of voltage or current is reached. Whichever comes first. During the above flow, the current flowing through the storage battery 4o is Depending on the characteristics of the storage battery, for example, the capacity, internal resistance, and state of charge, etc. measured.

A flow diagram of a predetermined method of operating charger 80 is shown in FIG. Storage battery 40 is connected to charger 80 and started, all variables, e.g. cell number (.

N0C), state of charge (SOC), maximum cell number (MAXCEL) and minimum number ( MINCEL), storage battery capacity (CELCAP), gas current (I gas 7ab, ■Gas down), gas voltage (Vl) completed, ■Gas! ), charging current, and and charging voltage (CMV) are initialized.

Measuring the actual open circuit voltage of the accumulator is the first step in the method shown in FIG. electric The voltage measured between the terminals of the battery 40 when no current flows through the battery 40 is equal to It is commonly known in the technical world as the open circuit voltage (OCV) of a battery. lead acid battery The voltage measured across the battery terminals immediately after the battery has been discharged or charged is the voltage measured across the battery terminals when the battery is open. Even if it is a circuit, it changes. This is commonly known as concentration polarization of the electrodes. This is due to the non-uniformity of the electrolyte within the pores and throughout. This polarization is the whole and the electrode Due to the diffusion and convection of the electrolyte between the pores of the The voltage of is a measure of the available energy in the storage battery with respect to its full capacity, approaches a certain value that reflects its state of charge.

for a predetermined period of time, e.g., 1 to about 10 minutes, or at any convenient interval, e.g. 10 seconds, or extrapolated to a longer interval, e.g. 2 to 4 hours. By repeatedly measuring the voltage at the battery terminals of the circuit, the charger 80 Determine the circuit voltage (OCV). The measured storage battery voltage (V) is expressed in logarithmic time (I ogt). The mathematical equation of this linear relationship between ■ and logt (V=mlogt+c, where m is the slope and C is the intercept) as described above. Determined by data measured over several minutes. The open circuit voltage after complete anti-polarization is , insert the generally accepted relaxation time (2 hours or more) into the above equation and evaluate ■ It is clear that this can be achieved by Various characteristics of storage batteries are based on actual open circuit Obtained from voltage. For example, the state of charge (SOC) of a lead-acid battery is determined from the open circuit voltage. It is determined. The open circuit voltage of the storage battery increases as its storage state increases from 0 to 100% increases linearly.

For example, the open circuit voltage of a lead-acid battery increases as its state of charge increases from 0 to 100%. It increases linearly from 2 to 2.2v. The state of charge (SOC) is calculated by the following formula: is determined from the open circuit voltage several times during the charging process.

This equation is based on OCV excluding concentration polarization of the electrodes. However, the measurement The OCV obtained includes the polarization of the electrodes unchanged. The true OCv is O C ■In order to take into account the measurement specific time pole, it can be obtained by using different values for the denominator. Ru. For example, OC■C■ is performed for 5 to 10 minutes after placing the accumulator in open circuit. , the denominator 0-26 is substituted for 0.20. Therefore, the following equation becomes It can be used in this case.

5OC=[(OCV/NOC)-2,0]xlOO10,26 (2) In general, storage Because the battery is relaxed between use and the start of charging to be measured, the initial OCv measurement Equation 1 can be used. This is done during the charging process and during other intermediate test cycles. is not exact, and equations such as Equation 2 are used. The voltage due to concentration polarization is , is removed by allowing the electrode to equilibrate with the entire electrolyte for several hours. like this Since it is impractical to wait for a long time, especially since most of the depolarization effect occurs in the first few minutes a waiting period of 5 to 10 minutes and an expression with a large denominator of 0.26. , used to process the remaining polarization. The preferred method to determine the state of charge is As explained at the beginning, the equation (1) is based on the storage battery voltage and Iogt. It's a method.

After determining the OCv of the storage battery 40, the microprocessor 1o determines how many possible The storage battery 4o is evaluated for certain defective conditions. Requires operator attention If any fault condition is detected, the operator can take appropriate action with an alarm or flash display. be warned about inappropriate behavior. Some failure states of storage battery 4o can be detected using this method. is detected by this test method. If the measured oc■ is less than -1V displays that the connection of the storage battery to the charger is reversed. oc■ from +1 to - 1, the storage battery 4o is not connected to the charger 8o, or Very poor connection. If OCV is greater than +1v, the power supply 30 If no current flows when the current or voltage sent to the storage battery 40 is increasing, If so, it indicates high resistance in the circuit. This is caused by one of the following factors: Occurs in i.e. poor connections, corroded terminals, loss of electrolyte, tester/charging There was a poor connection in the relay inside the device, and the cell was heavily contaminated with lead sulfate.

In the next step of the method of FIG. 2, OCv is sent to the microprocessor 1o and then The microprocessor 10 determines the minimum number of potential cells for the storage battery 4o. (Minicell) and the maximum number (Maxicell), therefore, the storage battery Set the range of the number of cells within 40. Microprocessor 1o has an upper limit on the number of cells and The lower limit is programmed to be calculated from the open circuit voltage by the following equation:

Maxi ce l l = (OCV/m) (3) Minicell = (OC V/p) (4) Here, the constants p and m are the characteristics of that type of storage battery, and These are the cell voltage of a fully charged cell and the cell voltage of a fully discharged cell, respectively. good For a suitable lead-acid battery, m is equal to 2.0 and p is equal to 2.2. The storage battery 40 In the preferred embodiment of the invention, which is a lead-acid battery, the maximum number of cells is 8 or less. If so, the minimum number of cells and the true number of cells are set equal to the maximum number of cells. It will be done.

The maximum number of cells is only calculated initially, before permitting, charging and testing the battery. first If the state of charge is lower than 30 percent, this value generally does not give an accurate number of cells. represent. This value is in all cases limited. The minimum value of the cell is OC■ as described below. It is calculated at each point in time measured immediately after the inflow of the series. State of charge is greater than approximately 75% If not, this usually represents the exact number of cells. Therefore, the initial state of charge is low ( However, since the battery is fully charged, the minimum value of the cell will converge to the correct value. This represents a lower limit, which increases as the battery is charged to full capacity. Ru.

The charger 80 assumes that the number of cells in the storage battery is equal to the minimum number of cells and can be controlled. A varying charging current or voltage is sent to the battery for a predetermined period of time, and the battery is charged with gas. Test for emissions and determine gas point. This procedure is referred to throughout this document as an inflow. It is explained as follows.

Some pertinent information can be determined from the gas point, and this information It is useful to charge the battery. For example, during the charging process, storage batteries do not release gas. The amount of current that can be accepted depends on its capacitance and sOc. Given the For capacity batteries, the critical current at which the battery begins to outgas is the increase in soc increases with

The voltage at the gas point (VjX) determines the number of cells in the battery by the following formula: used for.

゛ Number of cells = V gas / n (5) where the denominator n is the charger 80, the type of battery, and the applied variable (current or voltage). For lead-acid batteries, n is in the range 2.35-2.60V. It is normally 2.50V. The gas current in the increasing direction (IE suavbu) is If the storage battery is fully charged, it is due to the capacity characteristics of the storage battery and the battery is fully charged. used to determine the current. The gas current in the decreasing direction (I gas data) is , is estimated to be the lowest for a given charger 80, battery 40, and slope of inflow. used to indicate the end of charging. Both directions (Ij Suda 斡, 1j The difference in gas current between It is also useful for determining

■Apart from the above method based on gas up, other methods based on the amount of charge the battery accepts (△C) and a corresponding increase in its state of charge (△5OC), It can be used to determine the storage battery capacity (C) by C=△Cx1OO/△SOc. I can do that.

Battery capacity can also be determined from the dV/dt of stage 1 of the charging curve. give For a constant charging current applied, dV/di is inversely proportional to capacitance. This method dV/dt is measured for a given constant current of step (g). versus The corresponding charging rate is determined from previously collected data, and dV/dt is to the various charging speeds stored in the memory of the microprocessor 1o.

Measured at The current multiplied by the charging rate is equal to the capacity of the battery. storage Another method of determining battery capacity is to calculate the inflow cycle C at 100% s.

From the maximum value of dV/dt or the minimum value of dV/dt at C, or, Depolarization curve (V-D) at 100% SOC.

Microprocessor 10 determines storage battery capacity using all of these methods. can be programmed for. However, the IJ standard that determines the storage battery capacity is The dip method is preferred.

All methods of determining the gas point and the various variables presented herein are applicable to the present invention. It can be used in law. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, three methods include: To be used to determine voltages and currents at critical levels called gas points I can do it. One method is to increase the current to its maximum value and then decrease it to zero. It is the law. Generally, when this current inflow method is used, the current signal is increases linearly from zero to a predetermined value. Current is at a given level for a given time and then decreases to zero for another predetermined period of time. During this time, the current is increasing at the same time. The predetermined upper limit of inflow current and inflow time are the output capacity of the power device 30, the response time between the microprocessor 10 and the power device 30, It is clear that it depends on the capacity of the storage battery 40. For example, in general When the flow-through method is used with lead-acid batteries, the current signal is between about 20 seconds and about 60 seconds. Consisting of an increasing inflow from zero to approximately 20 A, the current is approximately It is held constant at the level of zero A. During the inflow, the voltage response of the storage battery is measured . dV/dI vs. I lamp, dV/dI vs. 1. The plot of (inflow time) is shown in Figure 3. The maximum value corresponds to the gas point shown in . The gas point is in the decreasing direction. Compared to the current, it appears to be at the maximum value of the current in the increasing inflow direction. However, The voltage vis at point vis remains approximately the same in both directions. Figures 3 and 4 are the same dV/dI vs. two different states of charge (93 and 100%) for accumulators A plot diagram of l571 is shown. The peak current value decreases as the SOC increases. It is noteworthy to move to At 100% SOC (Figure 4), ■ Gas down has reached its lowest value and Ifi Suaab remains at a high value. The latter is As mentioned above, the importance of gas points is useful for calculating battery capacity. Figure 5 and 6 show the corresponding dV/dl versus V response data. The voltage that the maximum value forms is , which clearly does not vary with SOC and is specific to the number of cells in the battery. It is important to note that

used to determine the voltage and current at a critical level called the gas point Another method is the voltage inflow method. If the voltage inflow method is used, this signal is higher than the OC■ for the cell and increases continuously or intermittently from the OC■ to a predetermined voltage. The applied voltage inflow generally comprises a voltage corresponding to about 0.4 to about 0.6V. Ru. During the voltage inflow, the current response of the accumulator is measured. dI/dV vs. v ramp, I The response or inflow time plot shows the minimum value corresponding to the gas point. Ru. The presence of multiple minima in either direction indicates the presence of mismatched cells within the battery. Show that. Figures 7 and 8 show different charging states (50 and 100%) for the same storage battery. dI/dV vs. I response vs. SO response data. ■Changes in gas and Vfi The numbers have the same meaning as in the current inflow method described above. Current inflow method and voltage inflow method In either case, Sekiguchi reached the voltage limit (2.5-2.8V/cell, lead-acid battery) The increasing signal enters the holding part earlier than the time limit of 60 seconds. change. This condition occurs when the storage battery capacity is low and/or its state of charge is high. I know what happens.

The existence of the minimum value of dV/di vs. H7 vs. 7 vs. dl/dV vs. This indicates the presence of gas points. In the direction of increasing inflow, the storage battery releases gas at the gas point. In the decreasing inflow direction, the storage battery stops releasing gas at the gas point. Ga From the voltage at the point, the actual number of cells (NOC) is calculated by the following formula:

N0C=Vl/n (6) Here, n is a value specific to the type of storage battery. The denominator is that the outgassing is the dynamic of the inflow. is the voltage of the cell starting at and approximately ranges from about 2.35 to about 2.65 V/cell for lead acid batteries.

The cell voltages at which outgassing occurs in other types of batteries are different and this This would require a change in the denominator.

Another method of measuring gas points is by impedance. Storage battery is constant voltage When charged under current, the voltage and impedance of the battery change over time. This is shown in FIG. Similarity between two curves, especially both at the gas point The rapid increase in the variable of It implies that it can be detected by injecting current or applied voltage. Ru. Therefore, the current or voltage inflow, the impedance (Z) of the storage battery and the current or Methods based on or voltage measurements can also be used to detect gas points.

In this method, the aC signal with a frequency of IHz or less is determined by the impedance of the storage battery. used to clarify. A plot of dZ/di versus kV or t is d It has very similar characteristics to a plot of V/dI versus its corresponding variable. for example , dZ/dl versus I plots are similar to FIGS. 3 and 4. Similarly, ifs and v i is obtained from the variables at the maximum point.

The number of defects in a storage battery can be determined from the gas point characteristics. two or more peas In the increasing part of the voltage or current (increasing inflow direction), there is a small amount in the decreasing direction. If observed with at least one peak, the storage battery 40 is at a loss in capacity. Has matched cells. One or more peaks are observed in the direction of increasing inflow, and the inflow is decreasing. The fact that it does not exist in the small direction means that the storage battery 40 (in the case of a lead-acid battery) is lead sulfate. Indicates that the If the internal resistance, when measured, is higher than the set limit , the charger and tester will generate a warning signal. Mismatched cells have very low capacitance (Il one or more cells with a disproportionately low value for one of the variables or if there is a sudden surge of at least 1.5 μ in open circuit voltage (before and after inflow). OCv differs by 1.5 or more), the existence of a soft shorted cell presence is shown.

A high voltage storage battery with many cells in series will probably There must be a large voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the pond. In such a case, the internal resistance It is important to calculate and print. ■Gas is specific to the number of cells in the storage battery. , must be constant regardless of SOC and capacity. In fact, ■gas is I There is some variation at high values of Ji, which is due to internal resistance. Charging of the present invention The device and method determine the internal resistance (R) of the storage battery from the two inflow cycles as follows: You can.

R = (VBuy bus 1 - Vfr bus Ty bus 2) / (IgaU) 71-1 Gas 7y bulb 2) (7) Current or voltage inflow test does not indicate the presence of gas points. If the storage battery 40 is set at Vil by the power device 30 under a constant current condition, etc. to the maximum current sent according to the higher voltage limit (or according to the capacity of the accumulator) The battery is suitably charged with a new current. During this period of constant current charging, the voltage of the storage battery increases and when the storage battery is charged according to constant voltage charging mode, Virus is reached. .

If the inflow does not indicate the presence of gas points, the number of cells is determined by the new OCv and Eq. The accumulator is assumed to be equal to the calculated new minimum number of cells, with a constant predetermined current In general, the value is equal to the minimum number of cells calculated by multiplying the storage battery voltage by 2.5. (or according to the capacity of the storage battery) until the power device 30 reaches ) is charged with a current equal to the maximum current. Then, to determine the gas point, it Receive inflow. This procedure is repeated until the inflow indicates gas release.

The maximum charging current depends on the battery capacity or the specific charging rate (e.g. 5 or 6 hour constant). If it is desired to be based on the dV/dt of the charging curve, then It can be done. The relationship between the rate of change of storage battery voltage and charging rate is shown in Figure 10. is shown. dV/dt is maintained at the corresponding value given by the data in Figure 7. By having the charger 80 continuously adjust the charging current as shown in FIG. are charged at a predetermined rate, which is all the desired rate. microprocessor 10 The level of charging current is dependent on the desired charging speed set by the working sound Determine automatically. If the operator did not select a charging rate, the microprocessor The sensor 10 assumes a 6-hour rated defect value. Charging current and lead cell voltage increase rate The relationship is shown in FIG. 10 when no gas is released. Data for this figure is stored in the storage device. The rate of change of battery voltage is determined by the selected charging rate. the microprocessor to match the value present in said data in storage corresponding to The processor 10 adjusts the charging current.

During this constant current charging, the stored voltage increases and reaches the aforementioned limit value. Microp Since the processor 10 does not increase the charging voltage beyond said limit, the charging type is reduced. Ru. When the current decreases to a constant charging current of a predetermined percentage, the microprocessor The sensor 10 opens the charging circuit. The storage battery 40 is activated for a predetermined period of time, for example, about 10 seconds. remains open circuit until Actual open circuit voltage and minimum number of cells (MINCEL) ) is determined as described above. The number of cells will now be equal to the new MINCEL value. ing. The state of charge of the battery has changed substantially and the previous MINCEL value is If the new MINCEL value is less than the previous MINCEL It can be seen that it is larger than the value.

After the open circuit condition, microprocessor 10 performs another inflow cycle (phase b). and inspect for the presence of gas spots and battery defects. Charging current reaches voltage limit value This flow of charging and storage batteries until more limited, placing them in the cycle, Iterates until the presence of a point is detected in the inflow cycle. Accuracy of cell count The properties are confirmed from the gas point during the inlet cycle. The charging process starts with a new OCv. determined by the MINCEL variable, but not necessarily determined from the inflow cycle. is primarily controlled, so you can jump over one or more inflow cycles if you wish. It is understood that this can be done because there is something similar to this in the technical field.

Furthermore, the values of MINCEL and NOC increase to reach values of, but in particular, If the initial state of charge of the storage battery is low, the actual cell count value must not be exceeded. is understood. After detecting the gas point, the actual number of cells is calculated and then the required Then, the storage battery is charged with a constant predetermined current until its voltage reaches Vfll. It will be done.

In the next step of this method, charging of the battery is performed by multiplying the NOC by the battery's time. continues in a constant voltage charging state with the voltage set to a value specific to the battery. By lead acid battery In this case, this value is approximately 2.35 to 2.6 V/cell, preferably 2.5 V/cell. . This charging at constant voltage requires that the charging current be at a predetermined low limit, e.g. This continues until it drops to IA. During this stage of the method, the charging current is only reduced. It is. The microprocessor 10 allows the current to flow even if a reduction in charging voltage is required. Does not increase.

At this point, the microprocessor 10 is in charge of charging the battery in the low limit constant current condition. the voltage is turned on and the voltage is raised above the limit for a predetermined period of time. The storage battery is After a predetermined period of time, e.g. 30 minutes, on floor 3, a predetermined time interval e.g. , and placed under an inflow cycle for a period of 20-50 minutes. Next, the storage battery is is charged with constant current (preset limit value) until at least one of the conditions is satisfied. i.e. (a) the charging current is higher than zero but below a preset lower limit; (b) IJtR reaches a predetermined value specific to the charger and inflow slope. Ru. Or, if the difference between two consecutive IGastown or IfSuab values is Below a certain limit, for example, 1 mA. An overview of charging is shown in Figure 11, with its initial SOC is shown for a storage battery where the ratio was 50%.

Finally, the end of charging message, the capacity calculated from the gas release current, and the If AB and standard storage battery voltage are displayed.

Another method of the invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the number of cells is initially set equal to the maximum number of cells (MAXCEL). The first charge of the battery If the power state is low, MAXCEL may actually be equal to the true number of cells. Electricity storage If the initial state of charge of the cell is high, MAXCEL will actually be greater than the true cell count. It's okay. MAXCEL must never be less than the actual number of cells in the battery is clear. MAXCEL is determined only at the beginning of the charging process.

A flowchart of the method is shown in FIG. The storage battery 40 is connected to the charger 8o, When started, variables such as number of cells (NOC), state of charge (SOC), cell maximum number (MAXCEL) and minimum number (MINCEL), gas current (I gas up , ■Gas down) and gas voltage (V gas up, ■Gas down), charging current, charging The voltage (CMV) is initialized. The charger 80 charges the open circuit voltage (OC V) is measured. Some fault conditions such as reverse, bad, or no connection are detected. The user will be alerted by an alarm or flash. The charger 80 measures At least the maximum number of cells is determined for the ocv. The charger 80 has a number of cells. Assuming the maximum value is reached, the inflow cycle is passed. Inflow cycle voltage limits is set to a certain voltage specific to the storage battery. For example, in the case of lead-acid batteries, the voltage limit is The field is preferably 2.6-2.8v times MINCEL. Inflow cycle odor As mentioned in the beginning, either the current inflow method or the voltage inflow method is used; Gas point determined.

It will be done. From the voltage at the gas point, the number of cells (NOC) is calculated by the following formula.

N0C=V gas/n (8) Here, n is a constant specific to the particular storage battery being charged. - e.g. lead acid In the pond, n is 2.50V. If there is no gas point in the inlet cycle, the The determined NOC value continues in effect until the actual value is determined from the continuum. Ku. The accumulator is then charged at Vil2 or V=nxNOC at the maximum permissible constant current. The battery is charged under high voltage limits for a predetermined period of time, for example 20 to 60 minutes. charging The cycle time interval varies depending on the state of charge (SOC). For example, charging The higher the state of charge, the shorter the charging time; conversely, the lower the state of charge, the shorter the charging time. When the circuit becomes cold, it is left in an open circuit state for a predetermined period of time, for example, 1 to 10 minutes. This length As an alternative to long open circuit times, The collected voltage hourly data shows that OCv can be changed to infinite time as shown in Figure 3. can be estimated by extrapolation to determine . Charging and inflow saw This process is repeated until charging is completed. However, until the above voltage limit is reached, then charge until the current drops to a preset lower limit, e.g. 0.8A. The process continues at constant voltage. The battery is then charged with this low constant current, causing the voltage to float. Make it move. The end of charging is detected as described at the beginning. If Suafbu, The standard storage battery voltage and the storage battery capacity calculated from the completion of charging are displayed.

charged by the charger of the invention according to the embodiment shown in FIG. A typical charge summary where the SOC was 50% is shown in FIG.

One advantage of the method and apparatus of the present invention is that even when the initial state of charge is close to zero, However, during the entire charging process, only a few test cycles are performed. This results in Charging time is reduced. In the above method, the period of open circuit reduces the polarization As a result, the battery is subjected to less harsh charging conditions and Electricity efficiency increases. Furthermore, the method and tester of the present invention detect fault conditions in storage batteries. Therefore, they are used as quality control instruments in battery manufacturing factories. It can be used as a storage battery tester. This embodiment of the invention , storage battery manufacturing companies use storage battery break-in test equipment (before shipping to retailers). It can also be used to recycle storage batteries several times.

The following specific examples are presented to illustrate the invention in detail and do not limit it. It is not to be interpreted as a sign.

How many animals were carried out? voltage inflow Pay attention to FIG. Figure 14 shows 4 cells at 20 amperes in various charging states. The transmitted voltage signal, current response, and differential d varying with time t of the accumulator It shows the change in I/di. At the gas point, the delay of the current, the voltage and hence its The derivative of shows the minimum value. Insua 7 and Vfi su up are the gas points in the inflow direction. (minimum value) corresponds to the current and voltage at ■Gas down and VR gas down, inflow Corresponds to the corresponding variable in the direction of descent. A plot of Insdown vs. state of charge is shown below. It becomes a gas curve.

This gas curve indicates the maximum current that the battery can accept without outgassing. Therefore , when charging the storage battery, the charging current follows the gas curve as closely as possible. Therefore, it can be done in the shortest time and most efficiently. Stage 1 charging voltage limits and The constant charging voltage of stage 2 is preferably in the range of 2.35-2.60V/cell. The method of the present invention achieves this when chosen to be approximately 2.48V/cell. ( See Figure 13).

How many animals were carried out? current inflow Pay attention to FIG. 15. FIG. 15 shows the four cells of Example I (FIG. 14) in various charging states. A transmitted current signal varying with time t of a 20 ampere-hour accumulator; The voltage response and the change in differential dV/dt are shown. At the gas point, the voltage signal increases before the current signal, and therefore its derivative, reaches its maximum value. Obtained from Figure 15 ■Gas Up, ■Gas Down, V Gas Eye1, VE Su Down can be compared with the corresponding variables in Figure 14 (Table 1).

Table 1 ■Inflow 100 2.06 0.48 10.30 10.0780 3.33 2.22 10.23 10.2170 5.24 4.45 10.30 10.3960 8.10 7.79 10.48 10.63 ■Inflow 100 1.68 0.63 9.79 10.0680 3.39 2.43 10 ．． 01 10.3970 5.79 4.58 10.53 10.5260 9.15 8.15 10.90 10.9550 13.16 12.18 11.03 11.09 Example day Charging with different SOC A 20 amp-hour accumulator is discharged to different known depths and then discharged by the apparatus of the present invention. recharged. The charging power released by the accumulator during discharging, the corresponding state of charge, Continuous charge input to the storage battery during charging process and percentage of charge consumed are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Fine discharge of charging in different initial charging states Charging Initial SOC consumption rate (charging ) (Ah) (Ah) t:%) (%) 19, 75 20.20 0 1.0 15.87 16.70 24 4.911.21 11.60 44 3.4 8.07 8.90 60 9.4 3.384.03 83 16.0 0 0.36 100 100.0 Song Shi Xu ■ ′−, type storage battery test Flood type (excess electrolyte) lead acid invention with capacities of 20Ah and 50Ah. It was successfully recharged by the charger. A cell with a soft short circuit in a motorcycle storage battery Defects such as: were exhibited by the charger.

Example y inconsistency monkey 10Ah and 12Ah storage batteries are connected in series to the charger/tester of the present invention and charged. Powered up. Inconsistent cells indicated. In another example, 14 cells of 20Ah and 50A The 1-cell storage batteries of h were connected in series as one storage battery and charged. charging The tester/tester indicated the presence of mismatched cells.

Implementation inversion Usuma starvation lack of vision A 20Ah storage battery was discharged to the low cut limit of 1.75V/cell and remained in the circuit for 3 days. was placed in a state of After this period, when charged by the charger, the Metsave sulfur Although the charger indicated ``presence of acid-leaded cells,'' the battery charged successfully. The same procedure was repeated under open circuit conditions for 8 days after discharge with the same results.

Example■ soft short case The presence of soft shorted cells is a common failure mode of lead acid batteries. Generally short circuit During charging, the cell behaves like a regular storage battery with a small capacity, but during discharging, it behaves like a normal storage battery for a long time. becomes a dead cell (loses voltage) during an open circuit condition. The cell is activated while charging You cannot predict when it will happen. To some extent, this period of activation depends on the degree of short circuit and charging Depends on the condition.

Tests on this aspect were conducted using a 5Ah6V motorcycle battery. It was. Experiments were conducted at various initial SOCs. At high initial soc, soft The shorted cell was activated during the first test (inflow) cycle. Low initial SOC In this case, the cell was activated only during the charging cycle. Despite this, the charger A signal was generated by detecting the presence of a soft shorted cell.

Example■ Toko line The charger started without being connected to the battery. The results are then displayed on the computer. "Metsusave storage battery is not connected."

Example■ industrial resistance During a series of experiments, the relay contacts developed a highly resistive film. This depends on the charger Shown. The terminals are very corroded and you connect them to the charger without cleaning them. High resistance was also observed when In either case, the next message flashed by the data.

“Check the water in the battery” “Check the relay contacts” "Check the terminal connections" Example X Reverse paddy The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the charger, and the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the negative terminal of the charger. It was connected to the positive terminal of the charger. The charger warned of a reverse connection.

Engraving (no changes to the content) FIG.1 Device configuration diagram Smart charger operation flow diagram FIG, 6 Gas voltage detection by current inflow 5OC-100% Changes in cell voltage and impedance F as a function of charging time during constant tX charging tZA I.G., 10 Dependency of change rate of storage battery voltage on charging speed FIG. 12 Flow chart of other types of smart charging (△)Yo Tomia 1 (v) 'L' 稟 (Vjγ!!　(■)γ稟

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. For an accumulator charging device for charging a rechargeable accumulator: (a) the operation of said device; (b) software means for instructing said microprocessor means to control the flow of said operations; (c) said software instructions and predetermined data corresponding to said storage battery; (d) storage means connected to said microprocessor means for storing characteristics of said microprocessor means; (d) for converting digital signals from said microprocessor means into analog signals; (e) digital-to-analog converter means connected to said microprocessor means for generating electrical power in voltage and current as required by said microprocessor means; (f) a set of output means of said device for connection with said storage battery; (g) said output means for measuring the current flowing through said output means to said storage battery; current sensor means connected to; (h) voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of said storage battery, current sensor and means of said DC power generating device; (i) for sending to said microprocessor means; Analyzer from the voltage measuring means (j) analyzing the current and voltage to determine the number, capacity, state of charge of cells in the accumulator; and second software means for determining a defect; (k) said sensor, said direct current force generator means and driver means for controlling an electrical circuit connecting said accumulator; (l) controlling the voltage and current delivered to said accumulator by said DC power generator means; (m) control means connected to said DC power generator means for controlling said storage battery, said device, and an advisory; and display means. 2. the DC power generator means includes means for generating a DC current to be sent to the storage battery, the value of the current being stored in the software connected to the storage means; voltage measured by the voltage measuring means and the voltage measuring means. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is determined accordingly. 3. The DC power generator means includes means for generating a voltage to be sent to the storage battery. and the value of said voltage is stored in said software manual connected to said storage means. stage and the current measured by said sensor means, determined according to a function of time. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4. said software means determine a minimum, maximum and true number of cells in said battery; means for controllably varying the voltage and current delivered to said storage battery; means for determining said gas point; means for detecting a defective condition of said storage battery; and said capacity and state of charge of said storage battery. 2. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for determining. 5. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the storage battery is a rechargeable lead acid battery. 6. For battery testing equipment for testing rechargeable storage batteries: (a) operation of said equipment; (b) software means for instructing said microprocessor means to control the flow of said operations; (c) said software instructions and predetermined data corresponding to said storage battery; (d) storage means connected to said microprocessor means for storing characteristics of said microprocessor means; (d) for converting digital signals from said microprocessor means into analog signals; (e) digital-to-analog converter means connected to said microprocessor means for generating electrical power in voltage and current as required by said microprocessor means; (f) a set of output means of said device for connection with said storage battery; (g) said output means for measuring the current flowing through said output means to said storage battery; current sensor means connected to; (h) voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of said storage battery, current sensor and means of said DC power generating device; (i) for sending to said microprocessor means; Analyzer from the voltage measuring means (j) analyzing the current and voltage to determine the number, capacity, state of charge of cells in the accumulator; and second software means for determining a defect; (k) said sensor, said direct current force generator means and driver means for controlling an electrical circuit connecting said accumulator; (l) controlling the voltage and current delivered to said accumulator by said DC power generator means; (m) control means connected to said DC power generator means for controlling said storage battery, said device, and an advisory; 1. The storage battery testing device, characterized in that it comprises: 7. The DC power generation means includes means for generating a DC current to be sent to the storage battery, and the value of the current is determined according to a predetermined function of time by the voltage measured by the voltage measurement means. As set forth in claim 6, which is characterized by equipment. 8. The DC power generator means includes means for generating a voltage to be sent to the storage battery. and the value of said voltage is stored in said software manual connected to said storage means. 7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that the current measured by the stage and the sensor means is determined according to a predetermined function of time. 9. said software means determine a minimum, maximum and true number of cells in said battery; means for controllably varying the voltage and current delivered to said storage battery; means for determining said gas point; means for detecting a defective condition of said storage battery; and said capacity and state of charge of said storage battery. 7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises means for determining. 10. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the accumulator is a rechargeable lead-acid battery. 11. In a method of testing a rechargeable storage battery: (a) measuring the voltage of said open circuit; (b) Send a controllably varying current or voltage to the battery for a predetermined period of time to determine the number of cells possible from the measured open circuit voltage; test the battery for gas release by measuring the response voltage or current developed at or through the battery terminals; (c) test the battery for gas release; (d) repeat steps (a), (b) and (c) until step (b) indicates outgassing; (e) the current (“I gas up”) and voltage (“V gas up”) at which the storage battery releases gas in the direction of current increase, and the storage battery stops releasing gas in the direction of current decrease; (f) determining the true number of cells in the battery from V gas up and V gas down; ) The true number of cells determined in step (f) and the measured number in step (a). the state of charge is determined by the determined open circuit voltage and the charge input to the storage battery by the device; (h) from the I gas up when the I gas down is less than or equal to a predetermined value; or, when the I gas down is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the capacity of the storage battery is calculated from the difference between the I gas up and the I gas down; (i) opening; (j) determining the defective state from the current-voltage characteristic set in step (b); Method. 12. The method for testing a rechargeable battery further includes: (a) charging the battery; voltage is equal to the expected number of cells in the battery multiplied by a given voltage specific to the battery. (b) charge the accumulator at a given charging rate until the charging current drops to a predetermined low value; (c) charging the accumulator at any voltage with a predetermined constant current for a predetermined time; (d) charging the accumulator at a predetermined voltage equal to the desired state of charge of the accumulator; reaches the low limit of steps (b) and (e) of claim 11 and step (e) of claim 12 until repeating step (c); and (e) calculating the capacity of the storage battery in order to accept charging from the charging input to the storage battery. The method according to item 11. 13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the storage battery is a lead-acid battery. 14. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the calculated number of cells in the storage battery is the minimum number of cells calculated by the following formula. Minimum number of cells = (OCV/V1) where the value of V1 corresponds to the cell voltage of a fully charged cell and OCV is the open circuit voltage. 15. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the calculated number of cells in the storage battery is the maximum number of cells calculated by the following formula. Maximum number of cells = (OCV/V2) where the value of V2 corresponds to the cell voltage of a fully discharged cell and OCV is the It is the open circuit voltage of the battery. 16. If the calculated number of cells is smaller than a predetermined value, the maximum number of cells (MAXCEL) is the true number of cells, and the storage battery is charged at a voltage corresponding to MAXCEL in step (c) of claim 11. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: 17. Storage continues until the voltage of the storage battery becomes equal to the specified voltage multiplied by the minimum number of cells. 15. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the battery is charged. 18. The true number of cells is determined by dividing V gas by V3, where V3 is the stored 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the voltage is specific to the type of battery and V3 has a value of about 2.35 to about 2.60V for lead-acid batteries. 19. 19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that V3 is 2.5V for a lead-acid battery. 20. Steps (b) and (c) include: (a) monotonically increasing the accumulator voltage from the open circuit voltage to a predetermined high limit voltage characteristic of the accumulator type for a predetermined time; (b) between said rising and falling voltage; measuring the response current and or impedance; (c) analyzing said data by differential dI/dV versus I and or V, where I is the current and V is the voltage, or dZ/dV versus I and or or V, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and Z is the impedance; (d) as the voltage increases gas release due to the presence of one or more minimum values of dI/dV or dZ/dV. steps (a) to (d) of determining the output variable and further determining the gas stop point by the presence of one or more minimum values of dI/dV or dZ/dV in the direction of voltage drop; 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that: 21. Steps (b) and (c) are: (a) for a predetermined period of time, the accumulator voltage increases monotonically from the open circuit voltage to a predetermined high limit voltage characteristic of the accumulator type; (b) maintaining said voltage at said higher limit voltage and monotonically lowering said battery voltage from said higher limit voltage to a closed circuit voltage for a predetermined period of time; ,Response (c) analyze said data by the differential dI/dV versus I and/or V, where I is the current and V is the voltage; (d) the direction in which the voltage increases; and one or more of dI/dV said steps (a) to (d) of determining a gas release variable by the presence of a minimum value of dI/dV; 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the method comprises: ). 22. The fault determined in step (j) is caused by a reverse connection of the accumulator lead to the device and the measured open circuit voltage is lower than the specified voltage, in particular -1V. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: 23. The defect determined in step (j) is caused by improper connection of the battery lead to the device and the measured open circuit voltage is lower than the specified voltage and 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the voltage is higher than a fixed voltage. 24. If the defect determined in step (j) is caused by an open circuit voltage higher than the predetermined voltage, near zero current is stored in response to an applied voltage significantly higher than the open circuit voltage. 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the water flows into a pond. 25. 25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising exhibiting at least one of the following defect conditions (a) to (d). (a) Bad connections (b) Corroded terminals (c) Loss of electrolyte (d) Defective relay type components of the device 26. The defect determined in step (j) is caused by a battery having cells that are mismatched in capacity and said mismatch increases. Claims characterized in that they are indicated by the presence of a plurality of gas release points in the direction of increasing current or voltage and one or more gas stop points in the direction of decreasing current or voltage. The method according to paragraph 11. 27. the presence of one or more current-voltage inflection points in the direction of current or voltage at which the defects determined in step (j) are caused by said accumulator having defects caused by lead-sulfate cells and where said defects increase; Corresponding direction of decreasing current or voltage 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the gas stop point is indicated by the absence of a gas stop point. 28. The defect determined in step (j) is caused by said battery having a defect caused by a soft shorted cell and said defect is caused by an imbalance of one of the variables of I gas up. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that it is indicated by a reasonably low value or a sudden increase in the minimum predetermined increase in open circuit voltage according to step (b) of claim 11. Law. 29. It is specified that the internal resistance of the accumulator is determined by two sets of I gas up and V gas up variables, each of said sets corresponding to a different state of charge of said accumulator. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: 30. The defect may cause harmful internal resistance due to the size of the storage battery stored in the storage device. 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein: 31. Steps (b) and (e) include: (a) monotonically increasing the battery current from zero or near zero current to a predetermined high limit current for a predetermined time; (b) increasing the voltage and/or impedance of the responsive accumulator to a higher limit value of the voltage and/or impedance of the responsive accumulator; (c) Analyze said data by differential dV/dI versus I and or V, where I is current and V is voltage; or dZ/ dI vs. I and or V, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and Z is the impedance, and (d) the outgassing variable is the ratio of dV/dI or dZ/dI in the direction of increasing voltage. and determining the gas stop point by the presence of one or more maximum values of dV/dI or dZ/dI in the decreasing direction. 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that: