JPH06510498A - Hydrofoil boat powered by wind power or auxiliary power - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Field to which the invention belongs to an underwater ship using wind power as power or auxiliary power The present invention relates to a ship using wind power or auxiliary power, particularly a hydrofoil ship. , which can operate significantly faster than the wind speed over a wide range of wind speeds and directions. It is something. This invention relates to a ship or vehicle that is driven by wind power or uses wind power as auxiliary power. It has the aspect that it can be generally applied to use on land as well as to ships equipped with hydrofoils. However, despite the fact that Can be applied to passenger ships.

In the case of small ships, wind power can be the sole means of propulsion, but in the case of large ships, it is , an auxiliary power source is usually used to prevent low-speed sailing and for operation in poor wind conditions. It will be prepared. For heavy ships, the "resistance ridge" that is a characteristic of hydrofoils is It is natural that they would require assistance from such a power source in order to pass. Ru.

Description of prior art Wind-powered ships with current technology are limited by their limited performance and the required The complexity of controlling a large number of sails, the problems of tilting the ship and sailing upwind, and Due to the need for relatively high wind speeds to achieve some realistic performance, It has not been well received except for use in jars or for sports purposes. stomach. Windage sails provide supplementary propulsion to reduce fuel consumption and reduce roll As a device, it was adapted to only a limited number of transport ships.

Although a small number of racing and cruising vessels have utilized dished wings in the past, , all of which were designed for use on conventional hulls and were Efforts were focused on achieving high lift coefficients or easy handling.

In either case, this is necessary for sailing in situations where the ratio of boat speed to wind speed is high. However, no results were obtained to increase the lift to drag ratio. large design Many required manual setting by means similar to conventional sails, but the airfoil cross-section are generally less tolerant of changes in angle of attack, so adequate performance should be achieved. In this case, it is necessary to always be careful. A set of self-adjusting wings A small number of designs have also appeared, but these are also generally applied to conventional hulls and Maximum to higher speeds achievable by using properly designed hydrofoils No optimization was done.

In recent years, some ships equipped with hydrofoils and powered by wind have appeared; There were very few products that met the performance expectations of designers. How many times does this situation exist? This is based on the following reason.

Many of these designs have spacing on either side of the hull's longitudinal axis approximately mid-ship. Two metal plates placed with a gap between them and extending through the water surface or completely submerged in water. , a triangular metal plate consisting of a third metal plate with an inverted ITI shape at the rear of the hull. The proposal was adopted. This arrangement results in the width of the gold H plate being narrow relative to the ship's body, making it unusual. This may result in excessive fluctuations in the load on the metal plate under wind and speed conditions. I got it. Also, in either direction, the gold*+i at the rear must generate lift. In order to change the angle of attack, it is necessary to change the attitude of the ship, so it is a long process. When subjected to steering loads, large areas must be wetted and excessively curved. It was decided that he would be fired.

In many cases, metal plates that run through the water surface have been used, but these generates the required negative lift at speed on a metal plate in the windward direction. It cannot be used reliably to generate waves, and the orbital motion of the waves and the hull It is dominated by irregular and considerable changes in the angle of attack caused by changes in attitude. Ta.

In cases where fully submerged metal plates are applied, these generally face upwards. designed to generate only , or at most a limited amount of downward lift. However, this is due to the sensor system reversing the direction of the lift force. This is because they are difficult to arrange to handle reversals. In some cases , these metal plates were designed to generate lift only in the downward direction, but this limits its use to a specific course.

Additionally, past designs employing mechanical surface sensor systems have sliding on the water surface used to detect the water surface to reduce the chance of falling; We used relatively high a-weights on the objects to be levitated, which resulted in these objects being relatively The size of the metal plate became large and it was operated at a low lift-drag ratio. The performance of the system as a whole was poor. alone in the waves Attempts have been made to improve the performance of metal plates under high wave crest conditions; As a result, the expected overall drag reduction has not been achieved.

Another major problem with ships with virtually all metal plating is when launching, berthing and en route. Difficulty retracting metal plates sufficiently for road transport, a factor contributing to This is difficult to solve because of the heavy load applied. Also, virtually all hydrofoil lines are Excessively wide, the hydrofoils and their associated sensors extend beyond the ship's outline. There was a tendency for the ship to run aground, so there was a negligible risk of running aground on other ships, buoys, etc. There is no danger.

Prior art metal plate supported ships are generally based on conventional hull designs. The center and mounting of the hydrofoil are located much higher than the ideal position on the waterline. This caused unnecessary deflection and greatly reduced the performance of the hydrofoil.

In addition, such hull shapes generally have poor performance when making large changes in attitude. This is caused by changes in the load on the metal plates in the speed range where the hull takes off from the water. This occurs when one or the rear hydrofoil takes off from the water before the other; It was considered irregular.

When sailing at high speeds, especially in situations where the ratio of boat speed to true speed is large, large forces are generated, and prior art designs require no external components to support these loads. It required additional equipment, and the corresponding parts were added to the wind-receiving surface of the ship's hull.

Overview and purpose of the present invention The present invention removes many of these limitations and allows ships to operate on calm water. With the exception of racing boats, which are always equipped with high-power engines, The ship sails at speeds that could not have been achieved, and the high speeds can be maintained under a wide range of wind and sea conditions. This makes it possible to design the system so that it can be maintained. Achieving this kind of performance In order to achieve this, the invention provides special aerodynamic and hydrodynamic smoothness. It is necessary to do so. In particular, in order to create the necessary lift, Or, rather than a hull that slides on the water surface, the hull is entirely submerged in water to generate lift. By using hydrofoils with a high traction ratio, hydrodynamic drag can be reduced to the required driving force. The lift coefficient of the power-generating dish blade is much higher than previously possible. low enough to a relatively modest value to allow operation at high lift-drag ratios. reduce

At such speeds, it is necessary to operate a hydrofoil or gliding power boat. Even if the power is efficiently designed, it is too large to be practical. This means that the level of fuel consumption and pollution is unacceptable. do. Furthermore, when transmitting such a large amount of power at high speeds, the It is also expected that unavoidable losses will occur. The present invention converts such power into wind energy. or can be obtained on a large scale, resulting in contamination and operation. Reduce costs and maintenance.

The efficient windage mechanism of the present invention generates large lift even at a certain angle of attack, and Additionally, the lift generated is proportional to the square of the velocity, which is the same as the rate of increase in drag.

This type of vessel is thus well-equipped for wind speed over a wide speed range. It can generate a constant acceleration force, and it also reduces pitching moment low 1 non-zero. performance is suppressed by aerodynamic or hydrodynamic forces. , the weight and weight of a fixed shape or moving norlast for the stabilization of a sailing ship. rather than the maximum moment to right the ship, which is limited by the It will be limited due to structural considerations. Moreover, it has the self-regulating function of the present invention. Wing 1 can be placed at the rear of the ship without obstructing the crew's forward view. Additionally, it is generally used beyond what is possible in other wind-powered vessels. control can be adopted.

Thus, from the first independent aspect of the present invention, wind power can be used as power or auxiliary power. A hydrofoil boat consists of a hull or fuselage with wings extending upward, and The wing is adjusted to the apparent wind to generate forward or backward driving force. It is centered on a nearly vertical axis to maintain a fixed angle of attack. The wings that extend upward are in front. The surface through which the lower edge of the wing passes when it rotates about its vertical axis is the wing's in-vivo a flat surface perpendicular to the axis, in which case the lower edge of the wing runs vertically on this surface. can be rotated a small distance, so that this plane is the effective end of the wing. As a plate, it is related to the fact that it is desired to be located close to the water surface. This serves to greatly increase the effective aspect ratio of the wing. Long side of the ship Two bodies of water spaced apart laterally from each other with respect to the adaxial axis and extending substantially vertically downwards. The hydrofoil that runs through the surface acts as an end plate against the aerodynamically shaped hull. function, and also serves as a keel. These hydrofoils are placed towards the rear end of the ship. It is desirable that the Mounted rotatably around a nearly vertical axis, along the longitudinal axis of the ship at a distance from laterally spaced hydrofoils. A water surface that extends downward and has a flap that is rotatably attached approximately vertically. Ranuku hydrofoils are used as a means of steering a ship, and these are placed towards the forward end of the ship. This is desirable.

At normal sailing speeds, the hull or airframe is exposed to the air flow generated by the nearly horizontal hydrofoils. It is maintained at a certain height above the water surface by body mechanical lift. A nearly horizontal hydrofoil, It runs through the water surface or is completely submerged in water, but it can be rotated vertically. attached to the lower end of the hydrofoil attached to the generates vertical lift to support the part being moved and cancel the pitching moment, etc. do. attached to and attached to other laterally spaced vertical hydrofoils; horizontally or with respect to the horizontal direction with suitable means for controlling their angle of attack. The sloping hydrofoils support a portion of the ship's weight other than that supported by the first horizontal hydrofoil. It generates vertical lift to counteract roll moments, etc. these waters The midfoil, along with all its control mechanisms, is preferably housed within the plan outline of the ship. must be done. Hydrofoils are used for launching and navigation in shallow waters. Therefore, it is desirable that it be retractable, and its limited performance in the retracted state is desirable. There must be enough water in the water for the ship to navigate at the beginning. The wings may be fitted with landing wheels and associated landing mechanisms; These are designed to automatically lower when the hydrofoil is retracted.

Larger removable wheels may be installed for use on land. However, this can be replaced with a skid for use on ice, and also has a system to control the wings. The stem is adapted to prevent capsizing.

A wing is a flat plate or a dome-shaped diagonal rotatably attached to a substantially vertical axis. fixed to the screen. Such a shape eliminates the gap between the wing and the hull, and the resulting This improves aerodynamic efficiency and typically increases the structural strength and stiffness of assembled parts. improve.

Advantageously, the upwardly extending stem is located towards the rear of the ship. this shape Due to the current situation, the wheelhouse should be placed towards the front of the ship without compromising the visibility of the crew. On the other hand, it is possible to be located as close as possible to the water surface. , the rolling moment is minimized, and the effective asperity based on the mirror image effect is The increase in ect ratio is assumed to be maximum.

Although the above discussion relates to a single vertical wing, the principles apply to multiple vertical wings as well. It is adapted to ships equipped with wings that extend upward, and these multiple wings provide Reducing moments about the ship's roll and pitch axes or downsizing individual wings is preferred. In case of multiple wings, each multi-wing is abbreviated as Rotatably mounted on a vertical axis, or all wings pivot on one axis It can be mounted freely, or it can be mounted rotatably on a nearly vertical axis in groups. I get kicked.

The wing is usually rigid or similar, but may be of conventional or wing type. The use of a cloth true with a mast of vine is well anticipated for low speeds.

Vessels of this nature usually operate at speeds well below those at which compressibility becomes noticeable. The cross-section of the wing would greatly increase drag if equipped. Thick enough to support itself without bulky struts or rigging.

Angle of attack adjustment on a pivotably mounted upwardly extending wing extends aft from the wing. The angle of attack of a small control plate rotatably attached to one or more arms. This is conveniently done by adjusting the control blade around the wing's pivot axis. This generates a moment that cancels the moment due to the lift force generated by the wing, and the total The body can freely rotate around the wing's pivot axis. one or more wings that generate driving force If the blade is rotatably mounted, it can be mounted on multiple wings or around a single axis. A group of wings arranged to rotate, including a control wing that controls the angle of attack. is desirable.

Until the hull is supported on its hydrofoils and takes off from the water, the buoyancy required to support the ship is and stability, and also always connects the elements that make up the ship and For this purpose, it provides stiffness and reduces resistance. The underside of the hull, preferably formed from an aerodynamic cross-sectional shape, approximately coincides with the center of lift of the mid-wing, and is higher than the value possible for a ship that normally glides on the water surface. It is formed from three elongated hydrodynamic lift-generating surfaces with a high aspect ratio. This is desirable. Maximum efficiency within the expected ship attitude for takeoff. Their angle of attack can be widely optimized for better performance. forward lifting surface is preferably divided into two parts, so that the front The hydrofoils are retracted and rotated for steering. This arrangement is suitable for the limited time before take-off. can be made very efficient over a wide range of speeds. On the contrary, three fried The force surface can also be a single surface of a suitable aspect ratio. Desirable hydrofoils and wings Due to its shape, the hull is approximately triangular, with the front section protecting the hydrofoils in front of it. and widened to form a forward hydrodynamic lifting surface; The aft part supports the aft hydrofoil and forms two aft hydrodynamic lifting surfaces. Because of this, it extends laterally, and it is appropriate to consider it as a component of a hydrofoil. It also plays the role of protecting the rear hydrofoils and their control mechanisms. , and in this case, the downwardly extending underwater mid-winter improves the aerodynamic performance of the hull and wings. It serves as an end plate to further enhance the height. The hull is also hinged to the main hull. It can also consist of two side hulls attached with Can be folded inward with attached hydrofoils for transportation or storage. In that case, the width will be about half, and the parts will be assembled simply. top and triangular shape provides an effective end plate for the wing and provides a smooth transition from the hull to the wing. It is something that will continue. Desirable rigid wings for the present invention are of relatively large volume; Also, because the rear part of the triangular shape is wide, a hatch or opening can be provided. This allows the wings to be inserted into the hull for transport or storage.

caused by the large aspect ratio hydrofoils required for efficient operation. The rolling moment is quite large, and therefore It is necessary to place a hydrofoil that resists the moment at a distance. For this , a wide vessel and support structure is required, which requires considerable weight and wind coverage. cause an increase. Furthermore, the control plate described above conventionally has a single or multiple driving force generators. Because it is located after the live wings and operates within their wake, excessive drag and This made the results difficult to predict.

Thus, from the independent second aspect of the present invention, wind power can be used as power or auxiliary power. ships that extend upwards with a large effective aspect ratio required for efficiency. However, the center of force from which it arises is should be relatively low, thus reducing the rolling and pitching motions that occur. Limit your ment. Expected wing configuration may result in high lift-drag ratio and headwinds. It can be designed for advantageous lift distribution under a wide range of wind conditions.

In its basic shape, the stem suitable for this invention has a substantially tapered longitudinal direction. However, the chord length at the root is longer than the chord length at the tip, and the chord length at the root is longer than the chord length at the tip. The chord length of the flap part at the end is also longer than the chord length of the flap part at the end. and it has at least one trailing edge flap tapered to a higher degree than the wing. The chord length of the flap section at its base is equal to the flap section at its end. It is longer than the chord length of the top section. With this arrangement, the center of area is in the width of the wing. as well as the relative degree of flap deflection and wind shear. makes the local lift coefficient at the base of the wing higher than the value at its tip. This means that the wing is sealed in a narrow landing by the hull and the water surface at its lower end. Particularly effective when chained. Furthermore, if the lift coefficient changes locally like this, This decreases the height of the center of force that it generates. On the wings, In addition, a rotatable tip that can operate at a substantially different angle of attack than the main wing is attached. The addition of such chips is caused by apparent winds, such as those that occur when approaching the open ocean. This is particularly advantageous for operation under conditions where the vehicle is highly tilted. The wing rotates on a nearly vertical axis If it is freely attached or one of a group of wings is In some cases, the rotatably mounted tip can be tilted forward or backward. It is useful to keep the center of the force it generates relative to the rotation of the wing. a certain distance from the pivot axis to stabilize the wing relative to that pivot axis. By changing its angle of attack, the angle of attack of the wing or group of wings is also changed. It will be done. This arrangement is suitable for equipping single or multiple control wings located approximately behind the main wing. It is very efficient compared to Operates under better air flow which tends to reduce the air flow and makes it more sensitive Because it does. The main wing is approximately boomerang shaped, with the lower part of the wing slanting approximately forward. , the upper part of the wing is inclined approximately backwards, or the direction of inclination of the upper and lower part of the wing is opposite to this. They are paired. This configuration allows for some change in the angle of attack caused by the wing. A single wing or freely rotating wing tends to increase the recovery moment. A rotatably mounted chip is used to control a group of freely mounted wings. This is particularly effective when a top section is used.

The efficiency of the blade is determined by adjusting the blade direction so that the angle of attack matches the tip at its upper end. It is further increased by twisting along. A similar effect can be achieved by moving the wing along its longitudinal direction. You can divide it into several parts along the line and rotate each part to a different degree. It is also achieved by

When two or more blades are arranged, the multiple blades will generate different amounts of lift depending on the moisture level. This is due to the fact that different wings tend to have different degrees of flap and pivotability. by deflecting the attached tip or any of these. can be dealt with. This means that two or one of the leeward wings are on the windward side. This is especially important when the blade stalls before the other blades, making the blade assembly unstable.

Any type of wing in which two wings are rotatably attached to a common substantially vertical axis. In arrangement, they are also spaced outwardly from each other, with the lower ends being closer together than the upper ends. It is desirable that the This arrangement improves aerodynamic performance. This is especially good, the inertia of the body is reduced and the mechanical performance is improved. Sara In this arrangement, the wing tips rotatably attached to the wing are at their upper ends. , which further reduces inertia and reduces the inscribed radius do.

Wing tips if the metal plate controlling the wing forms an upward extension to the main wing. The control moment required to rotate one or more flaps arrangement that balances part or all of the control moment required to deflect the It's convenient. Two or more true flaps can be operated by one actuator. The tip is placed in a linkage mechanism located at the top of the wing. is deflected by the wing, so that any deflection applied to any wing flap will result in a corresponding deflection. This results in rotation of the top. In the desired configuration, the deflection of either wing flap and The ratio with the rotation of the tip is determined by having an actuating device different from the link mechanism described above. Changes will be made. One wing has two or more flaps In some cases, the above flaps are used to further change the lift distribution along the wing. are arranged so that they can be operated differently for different purposes.

As mentioned above, prior art hydrofoil-supported ships have only one Although it has been designed for directional only, vertical lift components, it has been The hydrofoil for It is important to note that the weight of the ship usually only has a moderate effect. I need. For ships that are set up to be able to navigate in either direction, All exposed hydrofoils produce the same amount of vertical lift in either direction. Thus, the independent third From the point of view, a wind-powered or auxiliary hydrofoil has at least one abbreviation. A vertical part that runs through the water surface, a nearly horizontal part that is normally submerged, and a nearly horizontal pivot. It has a hydrofoil consisting of a shaft, which has a nearly horizontal angle of attack in both positive and negative directions. The approximately horizontal part is adjusted to the same degree in both positive and negative directions. The almost horizontal part is rotatably attached to the bottom end of the almost vertical part, and the water The midfoil is a hydrofoil that is driven by the lift or drag force generated by the hydrofoil around the pivot axis. The reversal of the direction of the moment that It is arranged to prevent transmission to any of the stages.

The theory for this case is that if the hydrofoil is rotatable around its center of lift, If the center of lift is coincident with the center of drag, then the above When pivoting, the hydrofoil does not generate any disturbing moments. But in practice , the center of lift is not constant, and the manufacturing tolerance in the positioning of the axis and the metal plate Since the manufacture of each part of the is also finite, some moments are generated, which are It changes roughly in proportion to the angle of attack and in proportion to the square of the speed. In this way, a simple elastic The tendency is not proper; the generated moments always act in the same direction. Equipment is needed to ensure this. For the case in question, approximately horizontal A hydrofoil is rotatably mounted around an axis located slightly forward of its center of lift. furthermore, it has at least downwardly directed fins, the dimensions of which are For motion, the moment generated by the vertical lift component generated by the hydrofoil section is and the drag moment caused by the fins around the pivot axis of the hydrofoil section. The vertical lift component is determined to always act in a constant direction. Minutes act either upward or downward. This nearly horizontal metal plate has a dihedral angle. It is effective to be placed.

The arrangement described so far suffers from some of the disadvantages of most prior art designs. The disadvantage is that there is a weak point around the joint of the nearly horizontal hydrofoil. Undesirable flow characteristics are difficult to suppress. Furthermore, the hydrofoil part Usually small area and very thin, to prevent excessive deflection. It is necessary to have thicker walls or no hollow parts. As a result, water pressure There is almost no space inside the hydrofoil section to accommodate measuring lines, control rods, actuating devices, etc. It's gone.

In an alternative arrangement, the substantially horizontal axis is On the other hand, it is placed above the water surface. In this arrangement, approximately The horizontal part is fixed to the almost vertical part, ensuring a smooth flowing pattern. In addition, the pivot, actuator, and control line lengths are all significantly reduced. Instead of being housed in the hydrofoil itself, it can instead be placed in clusters within the ship's fuselage. this Hydrofoils made using this method are not only hydrodynamically efficient, but also simple, lightweight, and It is solid. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the lift force around the pivot axis The moment of drag and drag changes greatly depending on the angle of attack, the depth of water submerged, etc. In general, it is generally impossible to prevent moment reversals except for small reversals of lift toward the design direction. This is always impossible.

Thus, from the independent fourth aspect of the present invention, wind power can be used as power or auxiliary power. A hydrofoil boat has two parts: an almost vertical part that penetrates the water surface, an almost horizontal part that is submerged in the water, and an almost horizontal part that goes underwater. at least one hydrofoil consisting of a horizontal pivot axis, each of these parts is a line arranged so that the angle of attack of the approximately horizontal part is adjusted to the same extent in both positive and negative directions. The horizontal pivot axis is located above the water surface in normal metal plate-based operations. The substantially vertical and substantially horizontal hydrofoils are arranged as one unit and rotate the pivot axis. The hydrofoil rotates around the pivot axis, and the hydrofoil receives the lift or lift generated by the hydrofoil around the pivot axis. If the reversal of the direction of the moment due to drag is caused by the actuating device that controls its motion, or water surface sensing means.

The mounting arrangement is also included in the means of reducing the fluctuations of said moments.

When installing a hydrofoil, the almost horizontal pivot axis has a large amount of movement in the almost vertical direction. does not exhibit any resistance, and the vertical lift component generated by the hydrofoil is relative to the pot axis. and receive significant resistance from parts of the hull that can translate approximately horizontally forward and backward. In addition, it prevents the reversal of the moment and prevents the change of such moment. placed to limit movement.

A major problem when attaching a hydrofoil so that it can rotate freely on an axis other than approximately along its axis is, Avoid stress concentrations as the force required to control it tends to be very large This becomes difficult. Furthermore, with hydrofoils controlled by mechanical surface sensing means, Specifically reduces frictional torque to a minimum to help avoid excessive sensor loading That is essential.

Thus, from an independent fifth aspect of the invention, a hydrofoil is a static ship with a water line. at least one hydrofoil rotatably mounted on a substantially horizontal axis in close proximity to the , the ship generates additional lift in hull-based operations and In operations based on a gold plate, the pivot point is placed above the water surface. A substantially horizontal portion where the cut axis extends approximately in the direction of the potato, and a substantially vertical hydrofoil that extends downward. section, and the rest of the nearly vertical hydrofoil section, which is completely submerged in water during normal operation. These hydrofoils are generally in the shape of a 'C1'.

Another aspect of the present invention is the storage of hydrofoils for docking, which has been a problem in the past. related to. The hydrofoil described in the independent fourth and fifth aspects above has its pivot point. It can be stored by rotating forward or backward around the axis of the If the angle of attack is controlled by a moving device, this actuating device can be used for storage or It is suitable. Alternatively, the cable can also be used for storage. this tie The generally horizontal part of a hydrofoil is usually placed far enough from the water surface to prevent excessive drag. Fixed or stowed in normal metal plate based operations In order to achieve this, an additional rotational support action is required to keep the angle of attack of the approximately horizontal part constant with high sensitivity. A second pivot axis serving the purpose is introduced near the junction of the substantially horizontal and substantially vertical sections. It is stored well as shown in the picture. The hydrofoil mentioned in the third aspect is located near the water line. It has an additional pot placed in it, which is fixed during normal operation and is not stored. The hydrofoil rotates around it to accommodate its weight. In this case, if the cable is stored When used in this case, this locks and releases rotation about the additional pivot axis. .

One of the dangers to hydrofoils of this nature is high-speed ALR strikes with floating debris such as logs. This is a possibility. The relatively thin tip of the hydrofoil will cut through small debris However, equipping equipment parallel to the ship's longitudinal axis may result in structural damage to the ship and damage to the crew or crew members. to prevent or minimize excessive acceleration that could injure passengers. It is necessary for this purpose. In this way, the actuating device or the link connecting it to the hydrofoil By equipping the mechanism with some kind of response, it is possible to avoid the consequences of such shocks. If the force acting on the actuator or linkage is sufficiently large, the hydrofoil will rotates around the pivot axis. Such measures include springs, pressure release valves, and storage devices. It can be provided by means such as installation.

As mentioned above, prior art mechanical surface sensing means exceed the overall dimensions of the ship. It has a mechanism that protrudes forward and extends forward, making it possible for it to run aground on other ships. Ta. In addition, because they were spread out, they made it possible to reduce the distance in the direction of the yam by the length of the ship. The considerable path in front of the metal plate, which had been controlled to be a few minutes below the required It was smaller than it should have been. Also, they have a large surface area, which is They tended to result in high resistance, especially under high wave crest conditions.

Thus, from the independent sixth aspect of the present invention, the angle of attack is variable and the Hydrofoils with good geometry to produce the same amount of vertical lift component on either side A ship supported by hydrofoils having at least one It has sensing means and it also has two forward arms which can be used to detect any of the ships. attached to a fixed part or a movable part so as to be rotatable toward their rear ends, and It also has a rear arm, which extends downwardly relative to the front link. It has at least one wing forming an extension. The lower end of the rear link is on the water surface. to form a hydrofoil that runs through the water, or to be rotatably attached to such a metal plate. In the latter case, the metal plate passing through the water surface is the lower end of the second rear arm, which is rotatably attached to the lower forearm. Attached to the moving index. The hydrofoil that passes through the water surface floats along the water surface, When changing its attitude with respect to the ship, it changes the angle of attack of the hydrofoil that is associated with it. It is formed so that The water surface detection means configured in this way is The subsystem that constitutes the water surface detection means is well-contained within the contour of the ship's planar surface. The gain of the stem and its associated hydrofoils is well and easily adjustable, and m can be adjusted by changing the length of the connecting link.

The hydrofoils, together with the water surface sensing means, are designed to be of good quality so that the total resistance is low. The hydrofoil of the water surface detection means that penetrates the water surface preferably has a small area. The first forearm is designed to cut through the wave crest with low resistance. .

The above-mentioned water surface detection means is the hydrofoil described in the independent fourth aspect of the present invention. in which case the link member is linked to either of the fore arms. On one side, at its upper end, the hydrofoil is rotatably attached substantially horizontally. is rotatably mounted at its lower end and is connected to one or more of said front arms. The upward movement of the arm increases the angle of attack of the hydrofoil and vice versa.

In this case, the rear pivot of the forearm to which the hydrofoil link is attached is It is on the same line as the pot axis for storing the hydrofoil, and the angle of attack of the hydrofoil is converged. It is designed so that it remains virtually unchanged during the delivery.

Said water surface sensing means may also include the hydrofoil described in the independent fifth aspect of the invention. in combination with forming an extension toward the hydrofoil, with the upper forearm extending above or above the pivot axis of the hydrofoil. includes a substantially downwardly extending arm located in a path exposed substantially vertically downward; This is the lift force generated by the metal plate in either the upward or downward direction. and the water surface sensing means includes a front end of an upper forearm; The angle formed by the link member connecting the front ends of the two forearms is determined by the hydrofoil. The moment generated around its pivot axis and the vertical component of the lift force generated by it. The combined effect of the arranged to generate a directional thrust. The upper forearm is engaged In order to store the hydrofoil, it is rotatably mounted around a nearly horizontal pivot axis. The member is rotatably mounted around a member which is not in position during normal operation. The position of the hydrofoil is fixed, and when stowed, the hydrofoil, together with the water surface detection means to which it participates, is It is opened so that it can be rotated and stored.

Hydrofoil boats that use wind power or auxiliary power with the above characteristics are many types of hydrofoil boats. and a system to control the wings. Larger ships will outperform larger commercial aircraft. Most require something functionally similar to a fully automated control system. There will be.

Thus, the control systems for these ships are based on pre-takeoff and metal plates. good continuous control of the ship must be provided in both situations; Detecting motion, combining motion signals with human steering commands, and into the appropriate control surface deflections so that the ship slides at the required speed and in the required direction. If the ship is sailing in the same direction, and at any time the ship lists forward or backward, capsizes, or is overstressed due to excessive forces generated by one or more airfoils. This is done by avoiding the risk of being exposed to metal In board-based situations, the control system can also be installed in a substantially horizontal, fully submerged Prevent the metal plate from coming out of the water, or prevent the hull from being hit by waves. ingredient.

Simpler controls for small leisure craft or other less demanding applications The system is designed to control the angle of attack of a hydrofoil section that is rotatably mounted approximately horizontally. Surface sensing means mechanically linked to them for the purpose of detecting the height of the ship's rise as described above. while an electronic system is provided to control pitch, pitch and roll. Responsible for preventing sinking of metal plates, selecting movement direction and course, speed control, and stress control. The sea urchin is divided into two parts. Wing flap and tip rotation functions are combined to minimize control force , one actuator is used for this purpose and a secondary actuator is used to deflect the flap. Provision will be made to control the ratio between the direction of the wing tip and the rotation of the wing tip.

From the independent seventh aspect of the present invention, a hydrofoil boat using wind power as power or auxiliary power has an upwardly extending wing rotatably mounted about a substantially vertical axis, and one or more wings. is equipped with a means for controlling the angle of attack of a plurality of blades, and also has means for controlling the angle of attack of the plurality of wings. The angle of attack of one or more of said blades is controlled by a pedal similar to a pedal. and the steering means includes a wheel similar to a steering wheel of a car. and a gear lever in a car to select the forward or backward direction of movement. Similar controls or switches to select port and starboard course and electronic a wing control device, which includes the accelerator pedal, the directional control device or the Receives some input signal from the course selection switch and sends the signal to one of the wings. It converts the appropriate output to the actuating device and has additional control means, which can be used underwater In the case of a winged boat, it detects possible takeoff of the hydrofoils that generate lift on the windward side, and Detects capsizing that may occur in the case of ships other than winged ships or land or ice vehicles. , which sends a signal to an electronic wing controller to control any vertically extending wing. It also has stress control means that reduce the lift generated by the A transducer located on any part of the vehicle indicates that that part of the vehicle has a predetermined response. Indicates that a level of force, strain or deflection has been reached or is about to be reached. When a signal is sent to the electronic wing controllers, a signal is sent to one of the controlled vertical The lift of the extended wing is reduced.

The purpose, nature and nature of all aspects of the invention will be fully understood in the specific examples that follow and in the appendix. This will become more easily apparent from the evaluation of the detailed discussion, and each figure illustrates the principles of the invention by giving examples.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ship with its hydrofoils lowered in a normal operating position.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the ship with its hydrofoils lowered in its normal operating position.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the ship with its hydrofoils lowered in its normal operating position.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the ship with its hydrofoils lowered.

115 is a front view of the ship with its hydrofoils raised for docking.

The IZ6 has its lateral hull extensions and submersible vessels attached to them for transport. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the ship with the wings folded inward and the wings stored in the hull.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the front wing and the water surface detection device attached thereto.

Figure 8 is a side view of the forward hydrofoil stowed for docking or transport. .

FIG. 9 is a side view of another arrangement of the forward hydrofoil.

Figure 10 shows another example of the forward hydrofoil with the hydrofoil stowed for docking or transport. FIG. 3 is a side view of the arrangement.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the rear wing and the water surface detection device involved therein.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of the rear wing and the water surface detection device involved therein.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the wing control system.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of the wing flap and wing tip actuation mechanism.

A plate propulsion means M powered by wind is placed on the top of the ship, and a water plate propulsion means M is placed on the bottom of the ship. It consists of a fuselage in which a midwing means H is arranged. The ship has transverse (pitch) axes ZZ, It has a potato direction (roll) axis xX and a vertical (yaw) axis YY.

The fuselage consists of a hull 1 and a wheelhouse 2. The hull has a narrow triangular side profile with a rear end supports the aft hydrofoil means H at the rear and provides buoyancy to stabilize the ship K at low speeds It has extensions 101 and 102 for supplying. Lower side of lateral extension 101.102 the surface of which forms a narrow hydrodynamic lifting surface. The front end of the hull is in the water ahead. Protective parts of the wing means H and suitable when the ship is tilted forward while being based on the hull. widened to provide a hydrodynamic surface 103 and a tunnel 105. . The rear lower side of the hull 1 has a hinge stop located above the water line SWL in a stationary state. The panel 106 has a curved panel 106. The lateral extensions 101.102 are attached to the hinges 107. and is held in the operational position by clamp 108. The wheelhouse has 20 windshields. surrounded by a rudder 202, an accelerator pedal 203, a direction control device 204a, and a course selection device. A blade changing device 204b and a blade changing device 204c are provided, and these are integrated into one control device. I can't stand it.

The plate means M comprises two upwardly extending wings 3 attached to a dome-shaped disc 31. It consists of The multi-wing has its upper and lower rear end flaps 4a, 4b and an axis 00 It has a tip 5 which is rotatable and removable. The plate means vertically It is designed to freely rotate around the inclined axis Y' Y'. Wing 3 is 301 It can be removed from the dome-shaped disc 31 at this point.

The hydrofoil means H includes a starboard hydrofoil 19 extending downward from the lower side of the starboard side of the hull 1; A port hydrofoil 20 extends downward from the lower side of the port side of the ship, and a port hydrofoil 20 extends downward from the front of the hull 1. It is composed of a front hydrofoil 21.

Each of the port and starboard hydrofoils 19.20 has a portion 19 that extends vertically and passes through the water surface. 1.201 is rotatably attached to the transverse hull extension 101.102 on which the horizontally extending section 193.203 attached to the bottom of the vertical section. It consists of horizontally inclined parts 192, 202 which are submerged in water. hydrofoil 19 and 20 are attached to the fuselage so as to be rotatable around the pitch axes E and E on the same line. ing. The aft hydrofoils 19 and 20 extend approximately 180 degrees rearward about the pitch axis EE. Rotatable, which allows it to be placed normally horizontally for operation in shallow water areas. Section 192.202 is raised above the water.

The front hydrofoil 21 has a vertical part 211 that passes through the water surface and a horizontal part 2 that is submerged in water. It consists of 12. The top of the portion 211 that penetrates the water surface is inside the ear 22, It is attached rotatably around the pitch axis DD. The ear 22 is located at the front end of the hull 1. It is rotatably mounted and can be rotated around a vertically inclined axis 00. There is. The front hydrofoil is rotated rearwards around the pitch axis DD for operation in shallow water areas. It can be rotated up to approximately 90 degrees in the direction, whereby the front end of the normally vertical section is partially It is possible to maintain remaining steerability even when submerged in water.

FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of the front hydrofoil 21 and the water surface sensor W40 involved therein.

The fins 213 extending downward are attached to the hull 1 so as to be rotatable around the axis 00. Underwater that runs through the vertical water surface is rotatably attached to the yoke 22 at D. Attached to the lift hydrofoil 212 rotatably attached at F to the wing 211 It is being The hydrofoil 211 is attached to the vertical hydrofoil 211 in front of its pivot D. The tension of the attached cable 215 keeps it in the lowered position and the metal The front and upper extensions of the plate 211 are in contact with the front surface of the yoke 22 at H. It is. The other end of the tension cable 215 is connected via a compression spring (not shown). It is operated by a lever (I2I not shown). Hydrofoil 40 passing through a small water surface 1 is rotatably attached to the lower end of the rear arm 402, and its upper end is attached to the front It is rotatably attached to the arm 404, and the rear end is also rotatably taken at D. It is attached. The link 216 has an articulation at P and a front end at its upper end. It is rotatably attached to the rear and upper extensions of the arm 404, and the lower end thereof has a It is rotatably attached to the lifting hydrofoil 212 at the top. Above link 216 Portion 216a runs within a guide 217 fixed to vertical metal plate 211. Rin 216 is movable within a passage 211' inside the vertical metal plate 211. 2j! One part 405 is attached to a slot in the upper extension 402a of the rear arm 402. and is rotatably attached to the tip of the second front arm 406. Front a The rear end of the arm 406 is attached to the yoke 22 so as to be rotatable around pivot 0. There is.

The second rear arm 403 is connected to the front arm 404 at its upper end and to the front arm 404 at its lower end. It is rotatably attached to a hydrofoil 401 that extends through the water surface.

In the above-mentioned mechanism, the movement of the road force of the hydrofoil 401 passing through the water surface is transmitted to the link 216. This creates a downward thrust, which increases the angle of attack of the lifting hydrofoil 212 and causes it to fly in front of the ship. It is arranged to be lifted. Movement of metal plate 401 passing through the water surface and hydrofoils The relationship between the rotation of 212 and the rotation of the rear arm 402 is as follows. It is adjustable by movement of the °T' part.

The landing wheel 218 is rotatably attached to the vertical hydrofoil 211 and This is kept above the upper limit DWL' of the dynamic water line DWL.

Figure 8 shows the hydrofoil 21 in the raised position, with the cable 215 loosened. cable 214 attached to the hydrofoil 211 behind the pivot at D. is loaded with tension by a lever (not shown), and the inclined rear upper surface of the hydrofoil 211 is in contact with the high side of the yoke 22 at H''.! Straight hydrofoil 2 11 is kept below the roughly static waterline SWL and rotates around axis 00 for steering. It is possible to move. The hydrofoil 21 rises into the tunnel 105 of the hull 1. It is arranged so that

In the alternative shown in FIG. 9, lowering cable 215 has outer sheath 215a. and which fixes it to the vertical hydrofoil 211 in the lowered position. Also, the lifting hydrofoil 212 is in contact with the vertical water at P It is rotatably attached to the lower end of the middle wing 211. The cable 215 is It is extended and fixed to the lifting hydrofoil 212, and it touches the lower surface of the vertical hydrofoil 211. It is supposed to be done. In this case, the front arm 404 and the vertical hydrofoil 211 In this way, the lifting hydrofoil 212 rotates around 0 as a unit. Same as previous 8th person , when storing, the cable 215 is loosened and the cable 214 is under tension. be loaded. The front door is designed to provide the necessary storage to prevent reversal of the control moment. The downward extension 406a of the arm 406 has a cam follower 407 at its lower end, and It is located in track 219 above pivot D in vertical underwater jE211. . The angle formed between the front arm 406 and the upward extension 402a of the rear arm 402 is A hydrofoil 401 that penetrates the water surface so that the angle of attack of the hydrofoil 212 is positive or negative. The setting is such that downward thrust is maintained on top.

11 and 12 show one of the rear hydrofoils 20 and its associated water surface detection. The hydrofoil 20, which follows the arrangement of W50, is rotatably attached around the axis EE, and is attached to the hull. It has bearings E1 and E2 located in the extension 102. Bear close to hydrofoil Ring E1 is placed in the front and rear, but is not vertically constrained. E2 is a spherical bearing. When the hydrofoil 20 is in the lowered position, The bull 225 separates against a stop S2 fixed to the transverse extension 102 of the hull. Part 508 is held apart and rotatably mounted about axis EE. Zhang Kake The other end of the bull 225 is connected to a lever (not shown) via a compression spring (not shown). operated by. A hydrofoil 501 that passes through a small water surface is connected to a rear arm 502. is rotatably attached to the lower end of the hydrofoil 20, and its upper end extends in the lateral direction of the hydrofoil 20. It is rotatably mounted on the inboard part of the upper hydrofoil 203 at a certain distance in front of the axis EE. It is attached. 'T1 part 505 is the upper extension part 502a of the rear arm 502. the second forearm 506; It is rotatably attached to the tip of the The rear end of the front arm 506 is rotatable. is rotatably attached above the pivot axis EE to a component 508 attached to the I'm being kicked. in order to take the necessary action to prevent the control moment from reversing. The downwardly extending portion 506a of the horizontal arm 506 has a cam follower portion 507 at its lower end, and it is located in the track 229 above the pivot axis EE in the hydrofoil 20. There is. The angle between the front arm 506 and the upper extension 502a of the rear arm 502 The downward thrust hits the water surface so that the angle of attack of the hydrofoil 202 is positive or positive. It is kept on the hydrofoil 501. The landing wheel 238 is rotatably attached to the hydrofoil 20. mounted, and which, together with a rotatably mounted part 508, When the middle wing 20 is stowed, it serves as a keel. Rotatably mounted The tension cable 224 attached to the removed component 508 is arranged for storage and It is operated by a lever (not shown). The hydrofoil 2o connects the tension cable 225. It is loosened and retracted by applying tension to the cable 224. Rotatable The attached parts are attached to the limit stop s3 fixed to the hydrofoil 20. , the hydrofoil 20 and the rotatably attached part 508 rotate rearward together. It acts as if it were to be done. To lower the hydrofoil, loosen the cable 224. cable 225 is loaded with tension, and it is Contact the limit stop S4 fixed to the underwater jE20 so that it rotates forward. Ru.

Figure 14 shows a mechanism for actuating the wing flaps and tips. Actuation device 1 4 is rotatably attached to the hull 1 at one end at Y'', and 3 is rotatably attached to the disk 31 to which the other end is attached. , the lever 6o fixed to the lower end of one of the flaps 4b is rotatable. is attached to. The other lever 61 is fixed to the lower end of the other flap 4b. The two levers 60 and 61 are rotatably connected by a rod 62, which Since each has an angle with respect to the attached flap 4b, each The rotation of either flap about its pivot FP depends on the desired response of the other flap. Causes differential rotation. Both flaps 4a, 4b are arranged to deflect by the same amount. A coupling device that transmits torque is placed between both gates, and both are rigid against torsion. Therefore, any rotation of the bottom of one of the lower flaps 4b will result in A similar rotation is provided at the top of the upper flap 4b. forward Lever 63a, 63b which extends and is provided with a slot is attached to the top of the upper flap 4a. connected and arranged along their chord axes.

In addition, slotted levers 64a, 64b are provided to pivot the two wing tips. These are oriented rearwardly along the chord axis of the wing tip 5. . The actuating devices 15a, 15b are directed forward at the flap and pot axis FP. The other end of these actuating devices is rotatably attached to levers 63a and 63b that The bins 65a and 65b fixed to Lt<-63a, 63b and 64a, 64b by extending and retracting the actuating devices 15a and 15b. The ratio between the flap deflection of wing 3 and the rotation of tip 5 of the same wing is changed. An accelerator 203 placed in the wheelhouse 2 allows the pilot to control the speed of the ship. It is not intended to

■ international search report 1M,,,11. IIIA, 1 Ambiguous,, NPCT/EP921013421+ =,,,-=-PCT/EP 92101342mwnmlA+m++,, +I PCT/EP 92101342 Front page continuation (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE.

DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LU, MC, NL, SE), 0A (BF , BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, SN, TD, TG. ), AU, BB, BG, BR, CA, C3, FI, HU, JP.

KP, KR, LK, MG, MN, MW, No, PL, R○, R U, SD, US

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A hydrofoil boat using wind power as power or auxiliary power, which is composed of a wind power means, a hydrofoil means, a hull means, and a control handle, and the wind power means is used to drive the ship. promoted The hydrofoil means generates vertical lift, thereby lifting the ship's weight. and the vertical component of the lift generated by wind and hull means, and Provide a stabilizing moment to keep it in equilibrium around the roll and pitch axes, and It also generates horizontal forces, which reduce the uplift generated by wind and hull means. The hull means provide a stabilizing moment which maintains a balance between the directional components of force and drag parallel to the axis transverse to the ship and which keeps the ship balanced about its yaw axis and the steering means; It provides the balancing vertical lift and moments about the ship's pitch and roll axes that cannot be provided due to insufficient ship speed, and also provides a wheelhouse for the crew and control means. means for steering the ship, means for controlling the ship's roll and movement about the pitch axis and for controlling the height of the ship above the water surface, and means for controlling the wind force. The wind power means has an airfoil extending above at least one rigid or flexible structure, and the hydrofoil means consists of at least three hydrofoils, which provide horizontal and vertical lift. and at least two of them are located longitudinally of the ship. spaced apart about an adaxial axis, and further includes at least one arranged along the longitudinal axis of the ship relative to other hydrofoils, and which have means for adjusting its horizontal lift, the hull means consisting of one or more hulls or floats; are arranged along and around the ship's pitch and roll axes to provide the necessary lift and for providing a moment for uprighting the ship about its axis, and further for connecting the ship and floats, hydrofoil means and wind power means, if they consist of one or more, and the forces generated by these means; and also have means to absorb them and control their deflection. 2. In ships described in paragraph 1, water exposed on either side of the ship's longitudinal axis. The midwing forms a smooth downwardly extending extension to the hull means, which forms an end plate which reduces aerodynamic drag. 3. In the ships described in paragraphs 1 and 2, providing steering means and stability around the ship's yaw axis. The hydrofoil means is sufficiently submerged even when retracted for water supply. What to do. 4. Ships as described in paragraphs 1 and 2, which are equipped with wheels that lower the hydrofoil means when stowed to facilitate launching. 5. In the ships described in paragraph 1, the hull has three slender sections with a suitable aspect ratio. It forms a hydrodynamic lifting surface whose center of lift is similar to the center of lift of a nearly horizontal hydrofoil. Generally coincident, their angles with the water surface are such that they produce the least resistance to all ship positions prior to the ship being entirely based on metal plates. 6. A ship as described in any of paragraphs 1 to 5, in which the hull means is extended in its width direction and has laterally spaced hydrofoils attached directly to it. 7 In the ship described in any of paragraphs 1 to 6, the hull means form an elongated triangle when viewed in plan, and the top of the triangle located at the front of the ship expands in the width direction. what is being stretched. 8.A ship or vehicle equipped with wind power means, whose power or auxiliary power is wind power. Thus, the wind power means has at least one upwardly extending blade which is generally tapered along its length and whose chord length at its root is equal to the chord length at its end. any such wing has at least one trailing edge flap. flap, which is also tapered along its length and has a partial chord length at its root that is greater than the partial chord length at its end. 9 A ship as described in item 8 whose upwardly extending wings are approximately boomerang-shaped. 10 In a ship described in either paragraph 8 or 9, extending above either The wing has an auxiliary tip section rotatably attached to the main wing section so that it operates at substantially different angles of attack with respect to the main wing section. 11 In the ships described in either paragraph 8 or 9 and paragraph 10, the tip section Either wing can be twisted such that the upper edge of the wing is twisted relative to its lower edge by the amount of rotation. 12 In a ship described in any of paragraphs 1 to 11, a vessel extending above any The base of the extending wing is placed at a small distance from the water surface in relation to its length. the mirror surface provided by the water surface, thereby substantially increasing its effective ratio. 13. In the ships described in any of paragraphs 1 to 11, the wing blades extending upward The surface of the hull means which is in contact with the gap is extended to serve as a wing end plate in order to increase the effective aspect ratio of the wing. 14. In the ships described in any of paragraphs 1 to 11, the wing blades extending upward The surface of the hull means through which the vessel passes when it rotates about its pivot axis is a plane perpendicular to said axis. 15 In the ships described in any of paragraphs 1 to 12, the base of one of the wings is a flat plate or dome-shaped disc mounted rotatably around a substantially vertical axis. something that is fixed to the wall. 16 In a ship described in either paragraph 10 or 11, the tip portion rotatably attached to one of the wings is tilted forward or backward, thereby In other words, the angle of attack of the blade is controlled by rotating the tip by changing the balance around the blade pivot axis. 17 In a ship described in paragraph 16, the angle of attack of any of the rotatably mounted wing sets, or the balance around the pivot axis of the wing sets arranged to rotate freely as a unit. at least one rotatable wing tip by varying controlled by the angle of attack of the plane. 18. A ship according to paragraph 16 or 17 above, wherein the angular position of any wing or set of wings is set by an actuating device, and any wing tip or control wind power is supplied by the actuating device. The control moment is effectively reduced. What to do. 19 A ship as described in heading 8 or 9 having two or more upwardly extending wings, the aft flap of any one wing being connected to the aft flap of any other wing. Something that operates differently for wraps. 20 Vessels listed in paragraph 10 or 11, which are equipped with two or more It has wings extending in the direction, and the rotatably attached tip portion of either wing is rotated differently with respect to the tip portion of any other wing. 21. A ship as described in paragraphs 1 to 20, in which any of the wings has buoyancy so that the center of buoyancy of the wing means and of any other part of the ship which is submerged in the capsized condition is automatically something that generates enough vertical moment to make the ship vertical. 22 A ship described in paragraphs 1 to 20, in which any wing has buoyancy, and any wing or set of wings is rotated so that the capsized vessel can be easily brought back upright. Something that has a means of movement. 23 Ships as described in headings 1 to 22, having at least two wings, each pair of wings extending outwardly from each other and having a lower end than at its upper end. installed in close proximity to each other. 24 A ship as described in headings 1 to 7 or 10 or 11, having at least two wings, the tips of each pair of wings extending inwardly from each other; attached closer together at the upper end than at the lower end. 25 A hydrofoil boat powered by wind power or auxiliary power, which is equipped with at least one hydrofoil, one of which is a part of the water that spans a vertical or vertically inclined water surface. consisting of a horizontal or horizontally inclined normally submerged portion, which has a horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis substantially parallel to the transverse axis, and which is horizontal or horizontally inclined; By rotating the hydrofoil around its pivot axis, the angle of attack of the above-mentioned part and the resulting lift force will cause the hydrofoil to move upward. arranged so that they can be adjusted to produce the same amount of lift both upward and downward. What is happening. 26 Vessels described in paragraph 25 with any hydrofoil horizontal or horizontally tilted. The part has a vertical or vertically inclined part and a horizontal or horizontally inclined part, and is rotatably attached to the lower end of the vertical or vertically inclined part. What is being rejected. 27 In a ship described in paragraph 25, the horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis is located above the water surface in normal metal plate-based operation and is perpendicular or perpendicular to the horizontal or horizontally inclined part. The part tilted to the pivot axis rotates as one unit. something that is arranged so that it can rotate. 28 A ship supported by a hydrofoil having a hydrofoil rotatably mounted around a horizontal or horizontally inclined axis proximate to the ship's static waterline, the hydrofoil being horizontal or horizontally inclined. It has a section located above the waterline that provides additional lift during hull-based operations and for normal sheet metal-based operations. The hydrofoil has a downwardly extending vertical or vertically inclined section. have a horizontal or horizontally inclined portion that is completely submerged for normal operation. 29 A ship as described in paragraph 28, in which two horizontal or horizontally inclined sections and a vertical or vertically inclined section form a substantially 'C'-shaped structure. 30 Vessels supported by hydrofoils, in which either hydrofoil is or a horizontal or horizontally inclined hydrofoil section rotatably attached to the lower end of a vertically inclined section, the pivot axis of which is located slightly aft of its center of lift; A downwardly extending fin is attached, and for forward movement, the sum of the vertical lift component generated by the hydrofoil section and the moment about the pivot axis of the hydrofoil section caused by the drag force generated by the fin. But before An object so arranged that the vertical lift component always strikes in the same direction, regardless of whether it is upward or downward. 31 Vessels supported by hydrofoils that do not traverse vertical or vertically inclined water surfaces. Any hydrofoil with a horizontal or horizontally inclined part normally submerged shall have a horizontal or horizontal part located above the normal water level for operations based on metal plates. The pivot axis may be pivotable about a horizontally tilted pivot axis, thereby changing the vertical lift component it generates; In addition, the vertical lift generated by the hydrofoil is movable in a substantially horizontal direction with respect to the pivot axis. is met with great resistance by parts of the ship that are capable of for rotating the hydrofoil about the pivot axis by a control mechanism; or The moment required to keep it in place is greatly reduced. 32 A ship as described in headings 25, 27, 28, 29 or 31 in which any hydrofoil having a horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis is can be swiveled backwards for storage, allowing it to be docked or in shallow water. It is designed to significantly reduce water leakage for operation in areas with high humidity. 33 Ships described in paragraph 25, 26 or 27, which are located near the static waterline. An additional pivot axis is arranged adjacent to or above it, which is fixed during normal metal plate-based operation, so that the hydrofoil can be attached to this additional pivot axis. Can be rotated forward or backward around the dock axis, allowing for docking or shallow water areas. It is possible to significantly reduce water intake for operation in the area. 34 A ship described in paragraph 28, 29, 30 or 31, which is An additional pivot axis is placed close to the intersection of a horizontally inclined metal plate section and a vertical or vertically inclined metal plate section, which during normal metal plate-based operation fixed, thereby allowing the hydrofoil to pivot forward or backward about its horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis, significantly reducing swamping for docking or operation in shallow water areas. while the horizontal or horizontally inclined metal plate section is rotated about the additional pivot axis, thereby maintaining its angle of attack without significant changes. 35 A ship as described in paragraph 33 in which the angle of attack of the horizontal or horizontally inclined part does not change significantly while the waterfoil steel is rotated about its additional pivot axis and retracted. Something. 36 Vessels listed in paragraphs 25 to 35 with any hydrofoil installed at the for lowering around the bot axis or additional pivot axes, or if the water Where the midfoil is so equipped, with cable means for fixing said hydrofoil about such additional pivot axis. 37 A ship described in paragraphs 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32 and 34, which has a vertical or vertically inclined part and a horizontal or horizontally inclined part, Any hydrofoil mounted rotatably about a horizontal or horizontally inclined axis has an actuator for adjusting the angle of attack, and the same is used to adjust the angle of attack. Those using the same actuating device. 38 Ships listed in paragraphs 32, 33, 34 and 35, which are The hydraulic or pneumatic actuator used to stow the midfoil may be Any such hydrofoil has controls to save its impact when it collides with a body. and at least one pressure relief valve and an accumulator in the control circuit for the purpose of providing the adaptability to pivot rearwardly against the adaptable force provided by the control circuit. What to do. 39 Ships as described in paragraphs 25 to 37, in which any of the hydrofoils additionally have spring means, so that if they collide with an object, the It obediently rotates backwards around its axis and is stored. 40 Vessels supported by hydrofoils, at least one hydrofoil being horizontal or has a horizontally inclined portion and a horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis; This is coupled to water surface sensing means having a mechanism for determining the height of a certain position of the ship relative to the water surface, and for adjusting the upward or downward lift component generated by the hydrofoil. said water surface sensing means having two forward arms, each of said water surface sensing means having two forward arms, each of said water surface sensing means having two forward arms; It is rotatably attached toward its rear end to some fixed or movable part of the ship, and further rotatably attached toward its forward end to a connecting link, forming a parallelogram, and is connected to said connecting link. The downward extension of forms a triangular arm. 41 Vessels listed in paragraphs 1 to 40 with any hydrofoils connected thereto. arranged so as to provide the same amount of lift upward and downward, together with an associated water surface sensing means. 42 For ships listed in paragraphs 1 to 41, any water surface detection means is A compact arrangement which, in horizontal projection, is to be contained within the outline of the ship and thereby protected. 43 For ships described in paragraphs 1 to 41, the gain of any system consisting of a hydrofoil and associated water surface sensing means is a function of the ship's dynamics, depending on local wind and sea conditions. Provided with means that can be easily adjusted to adapt behavior. 44 Ships listed in paragraphs 25, 26 or 37 and 40, with at least each having a hydrofoil linked to one water surface sensing means, having a pair of forearms, one forearm linked to said horizontal or horizontally inclined hydrofoil portion, whereby said forearm The upward rotational movement of the front end of the hydrofoil section (which is reduced in negative angles of attack), such that upward rotation of said forearm has the opposite effect. 45. A ship as described in paragraph 44, wherein the aft pivot axis of the forearm to which the horizontal or horizontally inclined hydrofoil section is linked is substantially co-linear with the pivot axis for storage of the hydrofoil. , the angle of attack of the horizontal or horizontally inclined hydrofoil portion does not substantially change if the hydrofoil is retracted due to the stiffness. 46 A ship as described in headings 28, 29, 30 or 31 and 40, having at least one hydrofoil linked to surface sensing means having a pair of forearms, the lower forearm being Formed by the forward extension of a vertical or vertically inclined hydrofoil section. 47 A ship as described in paragraphs 40 and 44 or 37, wherein the aft arm has at its lower end a small hydrofoil that passes through the water surface, thereby preventing any change in the attitude of the ship in the movement of waves. Water flowing through the water surface along the water surface due to The rear wing is based on the fact that when the middle wing rises, the lift it generates changes. The movement of the arm causes a rotational movement of the lower forearm, altering the angle of attack of the horizontal or horizontally inclined metal plate section to which it is connected. 48 A ship as described in paragraph 47, wherein said aft arm has a limited hydrodynamic A shape that provides both buoyancy and low drag when submerged. What is considered to be a state of affairs. 49 A ship according to paragraph 47, wherein the aft arm has a small portion at its lower end. It is rotatably attached to a hydrofoil that passes through a small water surface, and a second rear arm is attached to it. is rotatably attached at its upper end to the lower forearm and at its lower end to the waterfoil, whereby the two rear The horizontal arm forms a parallelogram, and the angle of attack of the hydrofoil passing through the water surface is high precision. something that is controlled so that it remains constant or changes as desired. 50 A ship as described in paragraph 49, wherein said aft arm is so shaped as to provide limited buoyancy lift and to generate low drag when submerged. 51 Ships described in paragraphs 40 and 43, which have their forward arms connected The gain can be changed by changing the length of the connecting link. 52 A ship as described in any of paragraphs 31 and 47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 in which the substantially vertical extension of the upper forearm is connected to its horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis. substantially upwardly or downwardly in a track provided in the hydrofoil, such that the extension is directed upwardly or downwardly in the direction in which the hydrofoil emerges. The angle formed by the tip of the upper forearm and the link between the tips of the two forearms is determined by the moment about its pivot axis that the hydrofoil generates and the moment it generates, supporting a nearly vertical component of lift. The combined effect of the vertical component of the lift force A device that is designed to constantly generate downward thrust on the hydrofoil that penetrates the water surface of the knowledge means. 53 A ship as described in paragraph 52, wherein said upper forewarm is rotatably mounted on a part rotatably mounted about a horizontal or horizontally inclined pivot axis of the hydrofoil concerned, whereby , for normal operation said parts are fixed in place, and for storage they are loosened and rotated and retracted together with said hydrofoil or associated water surface sensing means. 54. A ship or vehicle powered by wind power or auxiliary power, having at least one upwardly extending wing rotatably mounted about a vertical or vertically inclined axis, and having one or more of the above-mentioned wings. It also has means for controlling the angle of attack of the blades, and the angle of attack of one or more blades is controlled by a pedal similar to an automobile accelerator pedal. The steering means is controlled by the handwheel of the automobile. A steering wheel similar to a steering wheel. 55 A ship as described in paragraph 54, in which the means for controlling the direction of forward or aft movement of the ship includes a control device similar to the gear selection device of a motor vehicle. 56 Ships described in headings 54 and 55, in which at least one wing It has a means for controlling the force and an auxiliary means for controlling the force. There is a risk that the horizontal or horizontally inclined part of the wing may come out of the water upwards. The angle of attack of any upwardly extending wing is adjusted so as to reduce the necessary downward lift component to be generated by the hydrofoil section when the water surface is approached dangerously close. . 57 Ships as described in headings 54 and 55 having additional control means by which, when used on land or on ice, any wheel or skid may have a specified amount of pressure from the surface. or if there is a risk of refloating, or if the ship When there is a danger of exceeding the pitch angle or the pitch angle, the The angle of attack of the rising wing is adjusted, and either upward wing is used to stabilize the ship. something that reduces the lift generated by 58 Ships described in any of paragraphs 55 to 57, which are equipped with additional control measures. tiers, by which if any changes placed on any part of the ship If the transducer gives a signal indicating that the degree of stress, strain or load on that part of the ship exceeds a predetermined value, the angle of attack of any upwardly extending wing is adjusted; The value of stress, strain or load in that part of the ship is set to a predetermined level. to restore the original state to the maximum extent possible. 59 A ship as described in any of paragraphs 1 to 58, having at least one upwardly extending wing, any of which has at least one rear end flap. and a rotatably mounted actuator for controlling the deflection of one or more of said rear end flaps and the rotation of one or more of said tips. The one with a chip part. 60 A ship as described in paragraph 59, in which the deflection of the flaps and the synchronized automatic movement of either wing The ratio of the rotation of the tip part currently attached to the rotation is variable and controlled by the actuating device. What is under control. 61 Ships as described in heading 59 or 60 which have the necessary controls for controlling the deflection of at least one flap on any wing or set of wings. control moment and at least one rotatably mounted wing tip. The control moment required for that are combined in such a way as to reduce the 62 A ship as described in any of paragraphs 1 to 61, equipped with an electronic control system for controlling the direction and amount of lift generated by any vertically inclined wing. Those with a tem.