JPH0642967A - Leveling apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To extend the distance which can be measured between individual stations A, B with high accuracy in a leveling operation and to perform a surveying operation under a dark condition such as at night or the like with high accuracy. CONSTITUTION:Reflecting stuffs 10 which are provided with level adjusting bodies 12 capable of being moved freely in the height direction, triangular prisms 14, horizontal reflecting mirrors 15 fixed to them and vertical reflecting mirrors 16 fixed to the lower part of stuff main bodies 11 are set up in a known point A and an unknown point B. The height of the triangular prisms 14 and that of the horizontal reflecting mirrors 15 are made to coincide with the level of horizontal light paths L1, L2 of a light-wave distance measuring instrument 30 by using the level adjusting bodies 12, distances D1, D3 reaching the vertical reflecting mirrors 16 through the triangular prisms 14 are detected by the light- wave distance measuring instrument 30, horizontal distances D2, D4 up to the horizontal reflecting mirrors 15 are detected, a height difference H between the known point A and the unknown point B can be found as H=(D3-D4)-(D1-D2).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a leveling device for optically measuring height difference between a known point and an unknown point.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Leveling for measuring height differences between measuring points is
Conventionally, typically, as shown in FIG. 5, scales 1a of level staffs 1 and 2 vertically set up at known points A and unknown points B,
2a is visually read on the horizontal collimation line using the leveling instrument 3, the reading height on the collimation line of the level staff 1 at the known point A is h ₁ , and on the collimation line of the level staff 2 at the unknown point B. When the reading height is h ₂ , the height difference H between the known point A and the unknown point B is obtained by the following formula: H = h ₂ −h ₁ The current situation.

[0003]

However, according to the above-mentioned conventional leveling technique, the surveying operator has the leveling machine 3
Level staff 1 and 2 scales 1a and 2a visually
Is read, the distance from the leveling instrument 3 to the level staff 1 or 2 is 40 to 50 m at the maximum.
It has to be around, and when it comes to longer distances,
The measurement accuracy becomes low or measurement becomes impossible. Therefore, it is inevitable that the number of surveys will increase and that surveying will take a great deal of time. Also,
In the case of surveying under dark conditions such as at night or in a mine, it is necessary to illuminate the level staffs 1 and 2 with a flashlight, and there is a problem that a surveying error is likely to occur.

The present invention has been made under the circumstances as described above, and its technical problem is to increase the distance that can be measured with high accuracy between each measurement point in leveling and at night. The aim is to be able to perform leveling even in dark conditions with high accuracy.

[0005]

The above-mentioned technical problems are as follows.
The present invention can effectively solve the problem. That is, the leveling apparatus according to the present invention includes a light wave range finder that horizontally transmits and receives a predetermined light wave to measure the distance from the wave number and the phase difference between unknown distances, and an arbitrary range finder using this light wave range finder. It consists of a reflection staff standing at a point, and this reflection staff is fixed to the level body and is vertically fixed to the level body, which is fixed to the level body. In addition, a triangular prism that horizontally reflects vertically incident light waves, a horizontal reflecting mirror that is fixed to the level adjuster and that reflects the light waves back to the light wave range finder, and a lower part of the staff body. And a vertical reflecting mirror that is fixed and that receives the vertical light wave from the triangular prism and reflects it again to the triangular prism.

[0006]

According to the leveling apparatus of the present invention, the level adjuster in the reflection staff standing at a known altitude is provided with the triangular prism and the horizontal reflecting mirror fixed to the level adjuster as the horizontal optical path of the optical rangefinder. Adjust to match the height of
The light wave range finder that transmits and receives light waves horizontally detects the distance D ₁ that passes through the triangular prism and reaches the vertical reflector at the lower part of the main body of the staff at a known point, and from the light wave range finder to the horizontal reflector. The horizontal distance D ₂ is detected. The same applies to unknown points of elevation, that is, the level adjuster is moved and adjusted so that the heights of the triangular prism and the horizontal reflecting mirror in the staff body match the height of the horizontal optical path from the optical rangefinder, and While detecting the distance D ₃ from the machine through the triangular prism to the vertical reflector at the bottom of the staff body,
By detecting the horizontal distance D ₄ from the light wave range finder to the horizontal reflecting mirror, the height difference H between the known point and the unknown point is calculated by the following equation: H = (D ₃ −D ₄ ) − (D ₁ −D ₂ ) ...

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The construction of a typical embodiment of a leveling instrument according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

First, FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a reflection staff 10 used as a measurement target. In this reflection staff 10, a box-shaped level adjusting body 12 having an open front also moves in the longitudinal direction (height direction) inside a vertically-long box-shaped staff body 11 with an open front. It can be set up vertically at a measuring point by a horizontal detecting means such as a bubble level which is freely provided and fixed to the staff main body 11 so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction thereof. .

In the level adjusting body 12, an adjusting screw 122 is screwed into the side wall 121 of the level adjusting body 12 through a slit 112 extending in the longitudinal direction of the side wall 111 of the staff body 11, whereby the adjusting screw 122 in the longitudinal direction of the staff body 11 is extended. It can be moved and fixed at any position. In the level adjusting body 12, the level sensor 13 and the triangular prism 1
4 and a horizontal reflecting mirror 15 are fixed, and a vertical reflecting mirror 16 is fixed to the lower portion of the staff body 11.
Further, a hole or notch 124 is formed in the lower end wall 123 of the level adjuster 12 so as not to block the vertical optical path formed between the triangular prism 14 and the vertical reflecting mirror 16.

The level sensor 13 has a light wave detecting section 131 whose wave-receiving surface faces the open front of the staff body 11 and the level adjusting body 12, and an output section 132 by a buzzer,
A buzzer sound is output by receiving a specific light wave. The triangular prism 14 has a vertical plane 141 facing the front, a horizontal plane 142 at the lower end, and both sides 141,1.
It is made of a transparent body on which a reflecting surface 143 inclined at 45 ° with respect to 42 is formed.

The horizontal reflecting mirror 15 has a three-element structure having three reflecting prisms 151 facing the front,
As shown in FIG. 2, each reflection prism 151 is formed with a conical reflection surface 151a having a right-angled triangular cross section, and the incident light L on this reflection surface 151a is reflected by the reflected light L regardless of its direction. 'Is emitted in parallel with the incident light L, and horizontally reflects the light wave that is horizontally incident from the front side of the staff body 11. The vertical reflecting mirror 16 is also the horizontal reflecting mirror 1 described above.
5 has three reflection prisms 161 and each of the reflection prisms 161 passes through the notch 124 in the lower end wall 123 of the level adjusting body 12 to form the triangular prism 1.
The light wave in the vertical direction from the triangular prism is reflected and made incident on the reflecting surface 143 again from the horizontal surface 142 of the triangular prism 14.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 20 is a leveling instrument, which is equipped with a known compensating mechanism capable of emitting a specific light wave which is automatically leveled with high precision by being installed substantially horizontally. It has a wave sending unit 21 and a plurality of bubble level 22 for viewing the front, rear, left and right, and is fixed on a base 23 having legs 24 via a plurality of adjusting screws 25. Further, reference numeral 30 is a light wave range finder, which transmits and receives the frequency-modulated light wave in the wave transmitter / receiver section 31 toward the reflecting mirror of the target installed at the unknown point and injects the reflected wave from this reflecting mirror. However, it has a built-in detection unit that detects the wave number of the light wave from the time it is transmitted until it is received, and the difference between the phase of the transmitted wave and the phase of the received wave, and this detection unit detects the distance to the unknown point. Then, the detected value is output to an output unit (not shown). The lightwave range finder 30 is integrally fixed to the upper part of the leveling instrument 20 via a support member 32.

The wave transmitter 21 in the leveling instrument 20
And the positional relationship between the wave transmitter / receiver 31 in the light wave range finder 30 correspond to the height difference between the light wave detector 13a of the level sensor 13 in the reflection staff 10 and the triangular prism 14 and the horizontal reflecting mirror 15. In advance, the adjustment screw 25 is used to make the adjustment.

Next, a description will be given of a case where leveling is carried out by the leveling apparatus having the above-mentioned configuration. As shown in FIG. 4, for example, first, between the known point A and the unknown point B of the altitude, both of them are used. Leveling machine 20 at point C where you can see
And a lightwave range finder 30 integrally fixed to the upper part thereof are installed, the leveling machine 20 is horizontally adjusted, and the wave transmission section 21 thereof is provided.
Emits a predetermined light wave leveled with high precision. On the other hand, the reflection stuff 10 is set up vertically at the known point A, and the level sensor 13 fixed to the level adjusting body 12 receives the light wave L from the wave sending unit 21 at the light wave detecting unit 131 to generate a buzzer sound. The height of the level adjusting body 12 with respect to the staff main body 11 is adjusted so that the output position is reached, and the height is fixed by the adjusting screw 122. As a result, the triangular prism 14 and the horizontal reflecting mirror 15 in the level adjusting body 12 are adjusted to the same level as the horizontal optical path L ₀ from the transmitting / receiving unit 31.

Here, the wave transmission / reception unit 3 of the lightwave range finder 30
When the light wave is horizontally transmitted from 1 toward the triangular prism 14 and the horizontal reflecting mirror 15 of the reflection staff 10, the light wave transmitted through the horizontal optical path L ₁ is directed to the inclined reflecting surface 143 of the triangular prism 14. The light enters, is reflected downwardly, reaches the vertical reflecting mirror 16 on the vertical optical path L ₁ ′, and is reflected by the reflecting prism 161 to be reflected vertically.
Since the wave is again received by the wave transmitting / receiving unit 31 through the triangular prism 14, the distance D ₁ of the optical paths L ₁ and L ₁ ′ to the vertical reflecting mirror 16 is detected by the detecting means built in the light wave range finder 30. To be done. The light wave transmitted through the horizontal optical path L ₂ is
The light reaches the horizontal reflecting mirror 15, is reflected back horizontally by the reflecting prism 151, and is received by the transmitting / receiving unit 31, so that the distance from the light wave range finder 30 to the horizontal reflecting mirror 15, that is, a known point. Horizontal distance to A D ₂
Is detected. At this time, even if the front surface of the reflection staff 10 does not face the light wave range finder 30 accurately, the horizontal reflecting mirror 15 ensures the light wave transmission / reception section of the light wave range finder 30 by the action shown in FIG. Reflect toward 31.

Next, the reflection stuff 10 is set upright at the unknown point B, and as in the case of the known point A, the level sensor 13 adjusts the height of the level adjusting body 12 with respect to the stuff body 11 to form a triangular prism 14 and Horizontal mirror 15
Is adjusted to the same level as the wave transmitter / receiver 31 in the light wave range finder 30 and a light wave is emitted horizontally from the wave transmitter / receiver 31 to pass from the light wave range finder 30 through the triangular prism 14 on the unknown point B. The distance D ₃ to the vertical reflecting mirror 16 is measured, and the horizontal distance D ₄ to the horizontal reflecting mirror 15 on the unknown point B is measured. Then, the height difference H between the known point A and the unknown point B is calculated from these detected values D _{1 to} D ₄ by the above-described formula. Note that h in FIG. 4 is the height from the lower end grounding surface of the staff body 11 to the reflecting surface of the vertical reflecting mirror 16.

Therefore, the leveling instrument of the present invention does not include any work of visually reading the graduations of the measuring mark as in the conventional case, and does not depend on the reading ability of the operator's visual acuity, etc. H is reflection staff 1
As long as the height adjustment range of the level adjuster 12 is 0 and there is no obstacle between the known point A and the unknown point B against light waves, leveling between points 1,000 m or more at a time is also high. It can be performed with high accuracy, and the number of surveys can be reduced to greatly reduce the labor and time required for surveying.
Moreover, it is possible to perform surveying with high accuracy in dark conditions such as at night or in the pit.

The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. For example, the length of the staff body 11, the shape of the level adjusting body 12, the arrangement of the level sensor 13, the horizontal reflecting mirror 15 and the triangular prism 14 in the level adjusting body 12 are arbitrary, and the horizontal reflecting mirror 15 and the vertical reflecting mirror 16 are provided. Also, other structures such as a one-element type may be used. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the light wave range finder 30 is fixed to the upper portion of the level measuring instrument 20, but the light wave range finder 30 itself sends a leveled light wave to the leveling mechanism and the level sensor 13. Various modifications can be made such as providing wave means.

[0019]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the leveling staff does not read the scale of the leveling staff visually, but the leveling using the light wave range finder for distance measurement. As a result, the measurable distance can be extended and leveling between points 1,000 m or more apart can be performed with high accuracy. Therefore, even when surveying in a large area,
The number of surveys can be drastically reduced, and even in dark conditions such as at night or in the mine, the surveying accuracy does not deteriorate.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view in which a part of a reflection staff in a longitudinal direction is omitted in an embodiment of a leveling instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the action of a reflecting mirror in the reflecting staff.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an optical wave range finder and a leveling instrument to which the optical wave range finder is fixed according to an embodiment of the above embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a leveling operation by the leveling device of the above embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional leveling device and a leveling operation using the leveling device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Reflection Staff 11 Staff Main Body 12 Level Adjusting Body 13 Level Sensor 14 Triangular Prism 15 Horizontal Reflecting Mirror 151, 161 Reflecting Prism 16 Vertical Reflecting Mirror 20 Leveling Machine 21 Wave Transmitter 30 Optical Wave Range Finder 31 Transmitter / Receiver

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A light wave range finder that horizontally transmits and receives a predetermined light wave to measure the distance from the wave number and phase difference between unknown distances, and a reflection erected at an arbitrary measuring point by the light wave range finder. The reflection staff is composed of a level adjuster provided on the main body of the staff so as to be movable in the height direction, and a light wave which is fixed to the level adjuster and is horizontally incident is vertically incident on the staff. A triangular prism that reflects light waves in the horizontal direction, a horizontal reflecting mirror that is fixed to the level adjuster and that reflects the light waves to the light wave range finder again, and a triangle that is fixed to the lower part of the staff body and is triangular. And a vertical reflecting mirror that receives a vertical light wave from a prism and reflects it again to the triangular prism.