JPH0642780A - Radiation air conditioning apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a radiation air conditioning apparatus capable of controlling temperature regulating capacity in accordance with a PMV value without employing an expensive PMV meter. CONSTITUTION:A radiation panel temperature detecting means 20 detects the temperature of a cold radiation panel 7, a wall surface temperature detecting means 21 detects the temperature of a wall surface, a humidity detecting means 24 detects a humidity, a radiation temperature operating means 23 operates a radiation temperature based on the detected panel temperature, the wall surface temperature, the area of the cold radiation panel 7 and the area of inside of a room except the cold radiation panel 7 and an objective room temperature operating means 25 operates an objective room temperature which will achieve the most comfortable PMV value based on the detected humidity, operated radiation temperature and the like. Then, a comparing means 26 compares the room temperature detected by the room temperature detecting means 22 with the operated objective room temperature while a control means 27 controls the temperature regulating capacity of the cold radiation panel 7 in accordance with the result of the comparison.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner for cooling and heating using radiation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a radiant cooling device is known as a method for realizing a milder cooling, for example. Radiation cooling devices include those that have piping pipes attached to the ceiling surface and allow cold water to flow inside the pipes, or those that have refrigerant pipes attached to act as an evaporator of a refrigeration cycle. It is intended to realize a comfortable cooling with a little draft feeling by the natural fall of cool air in the room from the attached radiation panel. In addition, a forced ventilation type dehumidifying device and an auxiliary cooling device may be separately provided as a measure for preventing dew condensation on the ceiling surface.

[0003]

However, the conventional radiant cooling system uses a method of controlling the cooling capacity only by the set room temperature while aiming at a comfortable cooling with a little draft feeling, so that the room temperature different from the set room temperature is used. At
A more comfortable state may be expected due to the radiation effect of radiation cooling. Nevertheless, they did not consider the active use of radiation effects. So PMV expressing comfort
Although a method of controlling the cooling capacity according to the value has been proposed, there is a problem that an expensive PMV meter must be used to detect the PMV value, resulting in high cost.

In view of the above problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a radiant air conditioner capable of controlling the temperature adjusting ability according to the PMV value without using an expensive PMV meter. It is what

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided a radiation panel for controlling the temperature, a radiation panel temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the radiation panel, and a wall surface temperature detecting means for detecting the wall surface temperature of the chamber. , Room temperature detecting means for detecting room temperature,
Humidity detection means for detecting indoor humidity, and P for comfort
Radiant temperature calculating means for calculating the radiant temperature required to calculate the MV value based on the detected radiant panel temperature, wall surface temperature, preset radiant panel area and the area of the inner surface of the chamber excluding the radiant panel And a target room temperature calculating means for calculating a target room temperature at which the PMV value is practically the most comfortable value based on the detected humidity, the calculated radiation temperature, and other data necessary for obtaining the PMV value. A radiation air conditioner equipped with a comparison means for comparing the room temperature detected by the room temperature detection means with the calculated target room temperature, and a control means for controlling the temperature adjusting ability of the radiation panel according to the comparison result. is there.

[0006]

According to the present invention, the radiation panel temperature detecting means detects the temperature of the radiation panel, the wall surface temperature detecting means detects the wall surface temperature of the room, the humidity detecting means detects the indoor humidity, and the radiation temperature calculating means operates. , The radiant temperature required to calculate the PMV value is calculated based on the detected radiant panel temperature, wall surface temperature, preset radiant panel area and the area of the inner surface of the room excluding the radiant panel, and the target room temperature. The calculation means calculates a target room temperature at which the PMV value is practically the most comfortable value based on the detected humidity, the calculated radiation temperature, and other data necessary for obtaining the PMV value, and compares the calculated room temperature. The means compares the room temperature detected by the room temperature detection means with the calculated target room temperature, and the control means responds to the comparison result.
Controls the temperature control capability of the radiant panel.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing its embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radiant cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention (however, the radiant temperature calculating means 23, the target room temperature calculating means 25, the comparing means 26, and the controlling means 27 in FIG. (Not shown). That is, on the ceiling of the room 12,
A cold radiation panel 7 for cooling by radiation is provided, and a compressor 1 for compressing the refrigerant, a condenser 2 for condensing the compressed refrigerant, an expansion valve 3 for forced draft cooling, and a forced air are provided outside the room. An evaporator 4 for ventilation cooling is provided, and they are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe to form a forced ventilation air conditioner 5. On the other hand, the refrigerant pipe connected to the condenser 2 is branched and connected to the expansion valve 6 for radiation cooling, and the expansion valve 6 is connected to the cold radiation panel 7 via the refrigerant pipe. A refrigerant pipe is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the cold radiation panel 7, and the refrigerant pipe is connected to a pressure regulating valve 8 for setting the evaporation temperature of the cold radiation panel 7 higher than the evaporation temperature of the evaporator 4,
Further, the pressure regulating valve 8 is connected to the compressor 1 via a refrigerant pipe,
They constitute the radiation cooling device 9. Therefore, the cold radiation panel 7 and the evaporator 4 are connected in parallel to the compressor 1. Further, a fan 10 and a duct 11 are provided near the evaporator 4 in order to circulate the air cooled by the evaporator 4 into the room 12.

A radiation temperature sensor 13 for detecting the surface temperature of the cold radiation panel 7 is provided on the surface of the cold radiation panel 7, and a humidity sensor 14 for detecting humidity is provided near the end of the cold radiation panel 7. The room 12 is provided with a room temperature sensor 15 for detecting the room temperature. Here, the room temperature sensor 15 serves as both the wall surface temperature detecting means 21 and the room temperature detecting means 22 shown in FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram for explaining the control of the radiation cooling system of the above embodiment. Room 12 to be cooled
A radiation panel temperature detecting means 20 for detecting the temperature of the cold radiation panel 7 is provided on the surface of the cold radiation panel 7 provided on the ceiling of the room, and a wall surface of the room 12 detects the temperature of the wall surface. A wall temperature detecting means 21 for detecting the room temperature, a room temperature detecting means 22 for detecting the room temperature of the room 12, and a humidity detecting means 24 for detecting the humidity of the room 12 are provided. The radiant panel temperature detecting means 20 and the wall surface temperature detecting means 21 are connected to the radiant temperature calculating means 23 for calculating the radiant temperature of the room 12, and the radiant temperature calculating means 23 and the humidity detecting means 24 determine the temperature of the room 12. Target room temperature calculating means 2 for calculating a target room temperature for setting whether to adjust
Connected to 5. The target room temperature calculating means 25 and the room temperature detecting means 22 are connected to a comparing means 26 for comparing the calculated target room temperature with the detected room temperature, and the comparing means 26.
Is connected to control means 27 for controlling the cooling capacity of the cold radiation panel 7. In FIG. 2, the forced ventilation air conditioner 5 which is the forced ventilation type cooling means of FIG. 1 is omitted. or,
1 and 2, the dew point temperature calculating means for calculating the dew point temperature based on the detected room temperature and humidity is omitted.

In the radiation temperature calculating means 23, the area value of the cold radiation panel 7 and the area values of the remaining wall surfaces excluding the portion of the cold radiation panel 7 necessary for calculating the radiation temperature are previously stored. It is set (the calculation method will be described later).
Further, in the target room temperature calculating means 25, the values of the flow velocity of the air in the room 12, the amount of human activity, and the amount of clothing are preset as data necessary for calculating the PMV value indicating the comfort.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

First, the compressor 1 is operated, the refrigerant is sent to the condenser 2, and the condenser 2 radiates heat to the outside air or the like to liquefy the refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant is branched, one of which is sent to the evaporator 4 through the expansion valve 3 to be evaporated, and exchanges heat with the indoor air at a low wind speed sent by the fan 10 to return to the compressor 1. The air that has been dehumidified by cooling passes through the duct 11 and is blown out into the room 12 to exert a cooling effect. The other branched liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 6 and evaporates in the cold radiation panel 7, cools the cold radiation panel 7, and returns to the compressor 1 through the pressure regulating valve 8. The cooled cold radiation panel 7 can realize a comfortable cooling without a draft feeling due to the cold radiation and the natural fall of the cold air.

At that time, the surface temperature of the cold radiation panel 7 is controlled by the dew point temperature calculating means (not shown) to obtain the dew point temperature based on the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 14 and the room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 15. It is performed by controlling the refrigerant evaporation pressure in the cold radiation panel 7 by the pressure regulating valve 8 so that the temperature detected by the radiation temperature sensor 13 becomes higher than the dew point temperature.

On the other hand, the indoor air is regulated by the PM in the room 12.
The target room temperature is determined so that the V value becomes approximately zero. That P
A specific method for obtaining the six factors that determine the MV value, that is, room temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, wind speed, activity amount, and clothing amount will be described.

The room temperature is detected by the room temperature sensor 15 and PM
Humidity that has little influence on the V value is detected by the humidity sensor 14 provided near the cold radiation panel 7. The radiant temperature is the average surface temperature of the room 12 including the surface of the cold radiant panel 7, and is represented by the formula (Equation 1).

[0017]

## EQU1 ## Radiation temperature = (Σts × A + tp × Ap) / (Σ
A + Ap) where ts: surface temperature of each uncooled surface in the room (° C),
A: Surface area of each uncooled surface in the room (m ² ), tp: Cold radiation panel temperature (° C.), Ap: Cold radiation panel surface area (m ² ) where the room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 15 and the cold radiation panel Assuming that the wall surface temperatures other than 7 are almost equal, the room temperature is set as the surface temperature of each uncooled surface, and the surface temperature of the cold radiation panel 7 is the temperature detected by the radiation temperature sensor 13. Since the panel area is known, the radiation temperature can be calculated by the formula (Equation 1). The radiation temperature calculation means 23 calculates the radiation temperature using the above data. Alternatively, instead of using the above-mentioned actual surface area as another method, assuming that the room to be cooled is a cube and the area of the cold radiation panel 7 which is the ceiling surface is 1, the surface area of other non-cooled surfaces is 5. Alternatively, the surface temperature and the room temperature measured by the radiation temperature sensor 13 may be simply weighted averaged at 1: 5. Wind speed
Since the person in the room sets the air volume of the fan 10 or is automatically controlled, it is possible to obtain and set it initially. The activity amount may be set by a person present in the room, or may be initially set by detecting a human body using infrared rays or the like. It is possible to give a general value during the cooling period as a set value for the clothing amount. With this, the PMV value can be calculated.

Next, the target room temperature calculating means 25 calculates the target room temperature by back-calculating the room temperature for making the PMV value substantially zero (that is, a comfortable value), and outputs the target room temperature to the comparing means 26. The comparison means 26 compares the room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 15 with the target room temperature, and the result is controlled by the control means 2.
7, and the control means 27 controls the forced draft air conditioner 5 according to the result. That is, when the target room temperature is lower than the room temperature, for example, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is increased to increase the circulation amount of the refrigerant flowing in the evaporator 4 to increase the heat exchange amount, or the expansion valve 3 is throttled to reduce the evaporation pressure. The blowing temperature to the lowering chamber 12 is lowered. At the same time, the blowing temperature can be controlled by controlling the air volume with the fan 10.

By adjusting the room temperature in accordance with the target room temperature calculated as described above, a comfortable indoor environment can be realized by positively utilizing the radiation effect with a PMV value of almost zero. Further, since the forced ventilation air conditioner 5 and the cold radiation panel 7 for the purpose of preventing dew condensation are organically connected, more comfortable cooling can be realized.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the radiant heating apparatus of the second embodiment. That is, the floor of the room 12 is provided with a thermal radiant panel 36 for heating by radiation, and the outdoor is provided with a compressor 1 for compressing a refrigerant, a condenser 2 for forced draft heating, and forced draft heating. An expansion valve 3 for heat and an evaporator 4 for taking in heat from the outside are provided, which are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe to form a forced draft air conditioner 5. On the other hand, the refrigerant pipe coming out of the compressor 1 is branched into the control valve 3
7 to the thermal radiation panel 36, and the thermal radiation panel 36 is provided on the refrigerant outlet side thereof with an expansion valve 38 for radiant heating.
Are connected to the evaporator 4, and the expansion valve 38 is connected to the evaporator 4, and they constitute the radiant heating device 39. Therefore, the heat radiation panel 36 and the condenser 2 are arranged in parallel in the compressor 1
Connected to. A fan 10 and a duct 11 are provided near the condenser 2 to circulate the air heated by the condenser 2 in the room 12.

A radiation temperature sensor 13 for detecting the surface temperature of the thermal radiation panel 36 is provided on the surface of the thermal radiation panel 36, and a humidity sensor 14 for detecting humidity is provided on one side wall of the room 12. A room temperature sensor 15 for detecting the room temperature is provided on the other side wall. Here, the room temperature sensor 15 serves as both the wall surface temperature detecting means and the room temperature detecting means. Here, the block diagram for explaining the control of the radiation air conditioner has the same configuration except that the cold radiation panel 7 in FIG.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

First, the compressor 1 is operated and the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant gas is sent to the condenser 2 where it exchanges heat with the indoor air sent by the fan 10 to release heat and liquefy the refrigerant. The heated air is blown out into the room through the duct 11 and exhibits a heating effect. The liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 3 and takes heat from the atmosphere and the like in the evaporator 4 to be evaporated. On the other hand, the refrigerant branched from the discharge side of the compressor 1 flows from the control valve 37 to the heat radiation panel 36 and heats the floor surface of the room 12. As a result, the warm radiation from the floor and the above-mentioned warm air can realize comfortable heating without a draft feeling. The refrigerant condensed by the heat radiation panel 36 is sent to the evaporator 4 through the expansion valve 38, where heat is taken from the atmosphere and the like to evaporate and then sucked into the compressor 1 again.

At this time, the control on the air side determines the target room temperature so that the PMV value in the room becomes substantially zero. That PMV
Six factors that determine the value: room temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, wind speed,
A specific method for obtaining the activity amount and the clothing amount will be described. The room temperature can be obtained from the room temperature sensor 15, and the humidity can be obtained from the humidity sensor 14 although it has little influence on the PMV value. The radiant temperature is the average surface temperature of the room 12 including the surface of the thermal radiant panel 36, and is represented by the following equation (Equation 1) as in the first embodiment.

Radiation temperature = (Σts × A + tp × Ap) /
(ΣA + Ap) where ts: surface temperature (° C) of each non-heated surface in the room, A:
Surface area of each non-heated surface in the room (m ² ), tp: thermal radiation panel temperature (° C.), Ap: thermal radiation panel surface area (m ² ) where the room temperature and the thermal radiation panel 36 obtained by the room temperature sensor 15
It is considered that the wall surface temperatures other than the above are almost equal, and the surface temperature of the thermal radiation panel 36 is calculated by the radiation temperature sensor 13,
Since the indoor surface area and the area of the thermal radiation panel 36 are known, the radiation temperature can be calculated. As another method, assuming that the room to be heated is a cube and the area of the thermal radiation panel 36 that is the floor surface is 1, the surface area of the other non-heated surface is 5 and the surface temperature of the radiation temperature sensor 13 is simply Room temperature may be 1: 5 weighted averaged. The wind speed is determined by the air volume of the fan 10, and is set by the person in the room,
Since it is automatically controlled, it is possible to initially obtain the wind speed in the living area. The activity amount may be set by a person present in the room, or may be initially set by detecting a human body using infrared rays or the like. The amount of clothing can be given as a general value during the heating period as a set value. This is PM
The V value can be calculated.
The room temperature for making the obtained PMV value approximately zero is back-calculated and sent to the radiant air conditioner as the target room temperature. In the radiant air conditioner, the control unit 27 controls the forced draft air conditioner 35 according to the comparison result of the comparison unit 26 (see FIG. 2). That is, when the target room temperature is higher than the room temperature, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is increased, the circulation amount of the refrigerant flowing in the condenser 2 is increased, the heat exchange amount is increased, and the blowing temperature into the room 12 is increased. At the same time, the blowing temperature can be controlled by controlling the air volume with the fan 10. By doing so, it is possible to realize a comfortable indoor environment in which the target room temperature can be controlled and the PMV value is almost zero.

On the other hand, in controlling the surface temperature of the heat radiation panel 36, when the control valve 37 is fully opened, the temperature of the heat radiation panel 36 becomes the same as the condensation temperature of the compressor 1, and the control valve 37 is throttled to open the expansion valve 38. Allows wide temperature control up to evaporation temperature. The control valve 37 controls the refrigerant temperature in the thermal radiation panel 36 so that the temperature detected by the radiation temperature sensor 13 provided in the thermal radiation panel 36 becomes higher than the target room temperature. Although not shown, a pressure sensor may be provided to control the condensation pressure. A more comfortable heating can be realized by organically connecting the forced draft air conditioner 35 and the thermal radiation panel 36. The radiation temperature sensor 13 may directly measure the circulating temperature of the circulating refrigerant or the indirect refrigerant. The duct 11 may be arranged as an inlet / outlet port for circulating indoor air near the ceiling, and the room temperature sensor 15 and the humidity sensor 14 may be attached to the inlet port side.

In the first embodiment, the radiant air conditioner is constructed by combining the forced draft air conditioner 5 and the radiant air conditioner 9, but the radiant air conditioner is not limited to this, and may be constituted by only the radiant air conditioner. In this case, the cooling capacity of the cold radiation panel 7 is
It may be adjusted according to the target room temperature obtained by the above method.

In the second embodiment, the radiant air conditioner is constructed by combining the forced draft air conditioner 35 and the radiant heating device 39. However, the radiant air conditioner is not limited to this and may be constituted by only the radiant heating device. In this case, the heating capacity of the thermal radiation panel 36 may be adjusted according to the target room temperature obtained by the above method.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the case of using it in the radiant cooling device or the radiant heating device has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this and may be used in the radiant cooling / heating device.

In the first embodiment, the cold radiation panel 7, which is the radiation panel, is directly cooled by the refrigerant, but the invention is not limited to this. The cold radiation panel 7 is indirectly cooled by an indirect refrigerant such as water. It may be (not shown). In the case of the indirect cooling method, an indirect heat exchanger is provided, and the indirect refrigerant such as cooled water is supplied to the cold radiant panel 7 by a pump, so that the temperature on the indirect refrigerant side, that is, cold radiant without the pressure regulator 8 is provided. The radiation temperature of the panel 7 can be made higher than the evaporation temperature of the forced draft air conditioner 5, and the dew point temperature can be controlled by controlling the flow rate of the indirect refrigerant such as water by controlling the pump. Further, since a refrigerant having a low vapor pressure (different) can be used, the pressure resistance of the cold radiation panel 7 can be designed to be low.

In the second embodiment, the heat radiation panel 36, which is a radiation panel, is directly heated by the refrigerant. However, the invention is not limited to this, and the heat radiation panel 36 is indirectly heated by an indirect refrigerant such as water. It may be (not shown). In the case of the indirect heating method, an indirect heat exchanger is provided, and the indirect refrigerant such as heated water is supplied to the hot radiant panel 36 by a pump, so that the temperature on the indirect refrigerant side, that is, the hot radiant heat without the control valve 37 is provided. The radiant temperature of the panel 36 can be made lower than the condensing temperature of the forced draft air conditioner 35, and the radiant temperature of the thermal radiant panel 36 can be controlled by controlling the flow rate of the indirect refrigerant such as water by controlling the pump. Further, since a refrigerant having a low vapor pressure (different) can be used, the pressure resistance of the thermal radiation panel 36 can be designed to be low.

In the above embodiment, the wall surface temperature detecting means 21 and the room temperature detecting means 22 are also used as the room temperature sensor 15. However, the invention is not limited to this, and temperature detecting means such as a temperature sensor may be provided for each.

Further, in the first embodiment, the radiation temperature sensor 13 which is the radiation panel temperature detecting means 20 is constructed to detect the temperature of the cold radiation panel 7, but instead of this, the cold radiation panel 7 is used. The temperature of the refrigerant (or the indirect refrigerant) passing through may be directly detected.

Further, in the second embodiment, the radiation temperature sensor 13 which is the radiation panel temperature detecting means is configured to detect the temperature of the thermal radiation panel 36, but instead of this, the thermal radiation panel 36 is used. Passing refrigerant (or indirect refrigerant)
The temperature may be directly detected.

Further, in the above embodiment, the suction port of the duct 11 is arranged on the floor side of the side wall, and the blowing port is arranged on the ceiling side of the side wall, but the mounting position is not limited to this, and for example, both Both may be provided near the ceiling.

Further, in the above embodiment, the radiation temperature calculating means, the target room temperature calculating means, the comparing means and the controlling means are respectively constituted by dedicated hardware, but instead of this, the same function is realized by software using a computer. Of course, it may be configured.

[0038]

As is apparent from the above description, the present invention has an advantage that the temperature adjusting ability can be controlled according to the PMV value without using an expensive PMV meter.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a radiation cooling apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating control of the radiation cooling device according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a radiant heating device according to a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Compressor 2 Condenser 3 Expansion valve 4 Evaporator 5 Forced ventilation air conditioner 6 Expansion valve 7 Cold radiation panel 8 Pressure regulator 9 Radiant cooling device 10 Fan 11 Duct 12 Indoor 13 Radiation temperature sensor 14 Humidity sensor 15 Room temperature sensor 20 Radiation panel Temperature detection means 21 Wall surface temperature detection means 22 Room temperature detection means 23 Radiation temperature calculation means 24 Humidity detection means 25 Target room temperature calculation means 26 Comparison means 27 Control means 35 Forced ventilation air conditioner 36 Heat radiation panel 37 Control valve 39 Radiant heating device

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Koji Ebi 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A radiant panel for temperature control, a radiant panel temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the radiant panel, a wall surface temperature detecting means for detecting a wall surface temperature of a room, and a room temperature detecting means for detecting a room temperature. And humidity detection means for detecting indoor humidity, and radiation temperature necessary for calculating a PMV value indicating comfort, the detected radiation panel temperature, wall surface temperature, and preset area of the radiation panel. And a radiation temperature calculation means for calculating the area of the inner surface of the room excluding the radiation panel, the detected humidity, the calculated radiation temperature, and other data necessary for obtaining the PMV value, A target room temperature calculating means for calculating a target room temperature at which the PMV value is practically the most comfortable value is compared with the room temperature detected by the room temperature detecting means and the calculated target room temperature. A radiation air conditioner comprising: a comparison means and a control means for controlling the temperature adjusting ability of the radiation panel according to the comparison result. 2. A forced ventilation type air conditioning means, and a dew point temperature calculating means for calculating a dew point temperature based on the detected room temperature and humidity, wherein the control means is based on the calculated dew point temperature. 2. The radiant air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the radiant panel is controlled so as not to fall below the dew point temperature, and the temperature adjusting ability of the air conditioner is controlled so that the room temperature becomes the target room temperature. apparatus.