JPH0640263B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which the characteristics of an output musical sound can be changed by an operator.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, in a synthesizer synthesizer, the output of a pitch bender or a modulation wheel is A / D-converted at an appropriate sampling period, and the pitch and vibrato depth of a generated musical tone are determined based on the converted output. .

By the way, in the conventional one, even when the pitch bender or the module wheel is fixed, the output characteristic of the A / D converter causes 1/1 of the minimum bit of the A / D conversion output. The A / D conversion output constantly changes within a range of 2 or less, and the A / D conversion output also changes due to the addition of noise, which may be unfavorable for musical tone generation.

When the pitch bender or the like is changed at high speed, the change cannot be followed when the sampling cycle is long,
There is a problem that the smooth pitch bender function cannot be obtained.
Therefore, the sampling cycle may be shortened, but in that case, there is a problem that the CPU (central processing unit) occupies a lot of time for a pitch bender or the like, and can be used for other processing.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present applicant first obtains digital data for musical tone generation of this time by averaging the digital data used for previous musical tone generation and the A / D conversion output of this time. (Patent application of Japanese Patent Application No. 59-32706), and the average value of A / D output of the previous time and this time,
Proposed each one that obtains the data for tone generation of this time by the average value when the difference from the previous A / D output is taken and the difference value is a specific value or more (patent application of Japanese Patent Application No. 59-116645). did.

[Problems of conventional technology]

However, in Japanese Patent Application No. 59-32706, which is the patent application proposed by the present applicant, it is possible to prevent the fluctuation of the digital data for musical sound generation due to the change of the A / D conversion output within 1/2 LSB (minimum bit). But still 1/2
There remains a problem that the data fluctuation due to the noise and the like cannot be prevented.

In addition, Japanese Patent Application No. Sho 5 is a patent application proposed by the present applicant as described above.
In the patent application of 9-116645, it is possible to prevent any adverse effects due to changes in the A / D conversion output within 1/2 LSB and noise. However, when the difference between the previous tone control data and the current A / D conversion output data is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the present tone control data is obtained by averaging these two data. The difference between the musical tone control data is only half the fluctuation range of the A / D conversion output. Therefore, if the operator is operated too abruptly, the tone control data cannot follow the change and a smooth change cannot be expected even with the configuration as in Japanese Patent Application No. 59-116645. As described above, if the musical tone control data does not change smoothly, the generated musical tone does not change smoothly, and the generated musical tone may include noise.

[Object of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that is not easily affected by noise and that can obtain a smooth change in pitch and vibrato.

[Main points of the invention]

The digital data of this time output from an operator such as a pitch bender or a modulation wheel is averaged with the previously calculated first average value data to obtain new first average value data. When the second average value data used for the previous tone generation is compared and the difference value exceeds a specific value, the new first average value data and the second average value data are averaged. The point is that the second average value data is used, and this data is used to generate the musical tone this time.

[Basic Structure of the Invention]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the basic configuration of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a pitch bender (or module wheel), the output of which is converted into digital data by the A / D converter 2 at a predetermined sampling period, and the IN register 3-1 in the control unit 3 is used. Is set. The control unit 3 is a circuit including a CPU (central processing unit) and the like.

The V register 3-2 in the control unit 3 is set with first average value data, which will be described later, and thus the first average value data and the digital data set in the IN register 3-1. Together with the first average value calculating means 3-5
Then, both data are averaged by this means 3-5 to obtain new first average value data.

The new first average value data is the V register 3
-2, and is supplied to the comparing and judging means 3-6 and the second average value calculating means 3-7, respectively.

On the other hand, a specific value "2" is preset in the specific value register 3-3 and is supplied to the comparison / determination means 3-6.
The Vout register 3-4 is set with second average value data, which will be described later, and supplies the second average value data to the comparing and judging means 3-6 and the second average value calculating means 3-7.

The comparison and determination means 3-6 compares the first average value data and the second average value data, and the difference value is the specific value “2”.
It is judged whether or not it is larger, and the judgment result signal is applied to the second average value calculation means 3-7. When the difference value is larger than “2”, the second average value calculating means averages the first average value data and the second average value data to calculate new second average value data, This is set in the Vout register 3-4 and is sent to the musical tone generating section 4 to execute the musical tone generation this time.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. The keyboard 11 has 61 keys with pitches C _{1 to} C _6, and the output of each key is given to the control unit 12. This control unit 12 corresponds to the control unit 3 as described above. Further, FIG. 3 shows the scale chords of the keys having the pitches C _{1 to} C ₆ , and the pitches C _{0 to} B ₀ and C ₆ ^{# for} one octave above and below.
Each scale code of C ₇ is shown by a decimal expression and a hexadecimal expression. In this case, the scale code for one octave above and below indicates a range that varies depending on the vendor.

The switch input unit 13 has various switches such as a tone color setting switch, and the output of each switch is input to the control unit 12 for processing. Also, the vendor 14 and the A / D converter 1
Reference numerals 5 correspond to the vendor 14 and the A / D converter 15, respectively, and the output of the A / D converter 15 is input to the control unit 12. The control unit 12 is composed of a CPU (central processing unit) and the like, and thus the keyboard 11 and the switch input unit 1 are provided.
A scan signal is periodically given to 3 to check the on / off state of each key or switch. Then, a control signal for creating a musical tone according to the state is generated and given to the musical tone generating unit 16. The musical sound generation unit 16 is a DCO (Digital).
Controlled Oscillator, etc., and generates a musical tone signal and gives it to the D / A converter 17 to convert it into an analog musical tone signal. It should be noted that the musical sound generation unit 16 has a plurality of musical sound generation circuits to generate a polyphonic sound, or one musical sound generation circuit is controlled by time division processing to generate a polyphonic sound. Is. Then, this analog tone signal is emitted as a tone through the amplifier 18 and the speaker 19.

FIG. 4 shows a data structure of pitch data which is fetched from the vendor 14, processed by the control unit 12 and actually sent to the musical sound generation unit 16. Thus, this pitch data consists of a total of 16 bits, the lower 6 bits of which are the .DELTA.PITCH portion indicating a pitch of a semitone or less, and the upper 10 bits (of which the effective data is 7 bits) indicate the scale code. 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining the ΔPITCH.

That is, in FIG. 5, α represents the semitone data as the maximum pitch change by the vendor 14 and is “000000”.
01 ”is illustrated. Further, β exemplifies the maximum variable range “01111111” of the pitch bend. Thus M
The SB "0" is a sign bit. Further, γ is an example of a result obtained by dividing the data of α by the data of β to obtain ΔPITCH per one bit of the vendor, and has a value shown in the figure. That is, if this value is represented by a hexadecimal code, γ ₁₆ = 00.0204081. Then, when rounded at the position shown in the figure, the data γ ′ ₁₆ when the maximum pitch change is a semitone
Becomes 0.020.

FIG. 6 shows that according to the method described in FIG. 5, γ ₁₆ when the maximum pitch change is 2 to 12 times the semitone,
γ ′ ₁₆ is obtained and shown in the drawing. Therefore, γ ′ _{16 in} 13 kinds of semitone units shown in FIG.
Are Purisetsuto, also designated the gamma _'16 is performed by operating a predetermined switch of the switch input unit 13 to.

FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the setting position of the vendor 14 and its output data. In the figure, V is the V register 3-2.
Corresponds to the first average value data set in. Thus, the relationship between the output of the vendor 1 set in the IN register 3-1 and A / D converted data (called IN, 8-bit configuration) is as follows: Is.

Further, the data A is the data V and the hexadecimal data “80”.
₁₆ "is the result data obtained by taking the exclusive OR, and gives the middle point of the output data of vendor 1, and the upward (x direction, plus direction) and downward (y direction, minus direction) data. .

Further, the data B is the inverted data of the data A, and the data A
An MSB (highest bit) of "1" is defined as negative data, and an MSB of "0" is defined as positive data. And this data B is multiplied by the data gamma _'16 in the control unit 12, also scale code in the result data is sent as the Pitsuchideta is added to the tone generating unit 16.

To explain the above again, the output data of the vendor 14, that is, the data B is set to the midpoint “00” when the data V is “7F” and “8F”, and the data V is “7F”. → In the direction of decreasing to "00", it increases in the negative direction, that is, the actual pitch change decreases, while in the direction of increasing the data V from "80" to "FF", it increases in the positive direction, that is, The actual pitch change becomes large. Therefore, the content of the data B changes depending on the actual operation of the vendor 14.

The operation of averaging the output of the vendor 14 and sending it to the musical sound generating unit 16 to generate a musical sound will be described with reference to the flow chart of FIG.

First, before starting the performance, if the predetermined switch on the switch input unit 13 is set to a desired position, for example, the maximum pitch change is a semitone, the set position output is the control unit 12.
Is processed by the data gamma _'16 for semitone is selected. Therefore, after that, as γ ′ ₁₆ , from 00 in FIG.
The ΔPITCH of 020 ₁₆ will be selected, so that when the bender 14 is changed from its minimum pitch position to its maximum pitch position, the pitch of the generated musical tone is maximum,
It will change by a semitone.

More specifically explaining this, when the vendor 14 is set to its maximum position in the plus direction or the minus direction, the value of the output (data B) of the vendor 14 becomes 7F ₁₆ from FIG. The change in pitch due to is 0.020 ₁₆ × 7F ₁₆ = 1 ₁₆ , which is a value indicating a semitone.

Therefore, if the pitch of the operation key at this time is C ₂ , then C
₂ ^# or B ₁ tone is output.

When the bender 14 is set to the center position, the output is 00 ₁₆ , so that 00.0020 ₁₆ × 00 ₁₆ = 00 ₁₆ and there is no change in pitch, and the tone of the operation key pitch C ₂ itself is the same. Will be output.

As described above, after the setting operation of the predetermined switch, the keys of the keyboard 11 are operated and the bender 14 is operated as necessary to perform the music. In this case, the output of the key is input to the control unit 12 to generate a key code and a key on / off signal, and the key code and the key on / off signal are given to the musical sound generating unit 16. Further, the musical tone generation unit 16 is also provided with other musical tone generation information such as a tone color from the switch input unit 13.

On the other hand, the output of the vendor 14 is output to A by the A / D converter 15.
A / D conversion is performed, but the A / D conversion output is periodically sampled and read into the IN register 3-1 of the control unit 12 (processing of step A _{1 in} the flowchart of FIG. 8). Then, it is averaged with the first average value data obtained by the previous calculation result set in the V register 3-2 (IN
+ V) / 2, and new first average value data is obtained (step A ₂ ).

Next, the first average data such hit of the was used for the previous tone generation, large whether than the second average value data being excisional to Vout register 3-4 is judged (step A ₃₎ If it is large, it means that the pitch change is upward, so that the operation proceeds to step A _4. On the other hand, if it is small, it means that the pitch change is downward, so that the operation proceeds to step A ₇ .

When proceeding to step A _4, further wherein the new value of the first average value data, whether the second average value specific value from the data of the previous "2" greater value is determined. That is, a large difference value of the first average value data and the second average value data from "2", whether or "3" or more is determined, the process proceeds to step A ₅ If Yes, the said new second 1 Average value data and the previous second average value data are averaged, that is,
(V + Vout) / 2 is calculated to calculate new second average value data, which is set in the Vout register 3-4 and is sent to the musical sound generating unit 16 to generate a musical sound with an upward pitch change. Incidentally, in the operation of step A _5, since the change amount of the second average value data newly calculated to ensure a constant, truncation operation of the fraction is performed.

On the other hand, when there was summer and No in step A ₄ is regarded as None pitch change, the tone generating unit 16, the tone generation is performed by the previous second average value data.

Also if the process proceeds to step A _7, the new value of the first average value data, whether the second average value specific value from the data of the previous "2" smaller value is determined. That is, it is judged whether or not the difference value between the first average value data and the second average value data is larger than “2”, that is, “3” or more.
In that case, the average calculation of the same step A ₃ as that of the step A ₅ is executed, new second average value data is calculated and sent to the tone generation section 16, and a tone with a downward pitch change is generated. Note that rounding the fractional part is performed a variation of the step A ₃ in the second mean value data to be constant.

On the other hand, when there was summer and No at step A ₇ is considered None pitch change, the tone generating unit 16, the tone generation is performed by the previous second average value data.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the average calculation. That is, although the vendor 14 is fixed at a fixed position, the linearity error occurs in the output data IN of the A / D converter 15 due to the characteristics of the A / D converter 15. Of the continuous sampling points A to J
At points A, B, D, G, H, and J, the value of data IN is "9.
9 "and points C, E, F and I are" 100 ".
However, since the control unit 12 always takes an average between adjacent points, the data at point _A V _A = 99 and the data at point _B V _B =
(V _A + V _B ) / 2 = (99 + 99) / 2 = 99, C point data V _C = (V _B + V _C ) / 2 = (99 + 100)
/ 2 = 99, ..., and the value of "99" is always A /
The error of the D converter 15 is corrected.

FIG. 10 is also a diagram for explaining the effect of the average calculation, and in this case, the vendor 14 is changed abruptly. Thus, the solid line in the figure shows the change curve of the data IN according to the actual movement of the vendor 14, and the alternate long and short dash line shows the change curve of the data V. Although not shown in the figure, the change of the second average value data Vout used for the actual tone generation is a gentler curve than the change of the data V shown by the alternate long and short dash line.

Therefore, as can be seen from the drawing, the current data IN and the previous calculation result (first average value data) are always averaged between the adjacent sampling points to obtain the correction data V of the current sampling point. Further, since it is averaged with the previous calculation result (second average value data) to obtain the correction data Vout, even if the sampling cycle of the A / D converter 15 is large, the data V changes rapidly in the data IN. However, the value is smooth and the rate of error is very small.

In the above embodiment, the vendor is taken as an example, but of course,
It may be a modulation wheel, volume, etc.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the present invention averages the digital data of this time output from the pitch bender, the modulation wheel, the volume, etc. and the previously calculated first average value data to obtain new first average value data. The first average value data and the second one used in the previous tone generation
When the average value data is compared and the difference value exceeds a specific value, the new first average value data and the second average value data are averaged to obtain new second average value data. Since it is an electronic musical instrument that is used to generate musical sounds,
Compared to the conventional method of averaging the previous tone control data and the data from the operator, the variation range of the actual tone control data with respect to the variation range of the digital data from the operator is 1
/ 2, which makes it even less susceptible to noise, and even if the operator operates the controller fairly rapidly, the musical tone control data changes smoothly, which makes it possible to obtain extremely smooth pitch changes and vibrato changes. There is.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing contents of a scale code, FIG. 4 is a data configuration diagram of pitch data, and FIG. The figure shows an example of various data for obtaining the ΔPITCH part, FIG. 6 shows the contents of the data γ ₁₆ and γ ′ ₁₆ for the maximum change of 13 kinds of pitches, and FIG. 7 shows the contents of the pitch bender 14 output. Specifically, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an average value calculation flow, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change state of the data IN when the pitch bender 14 is stopped, and FIG.
The figure shows the data I when operating the pitch bender 14.
It is a figure which shows the relationship between N and the data V. 1, 14 ... Pitch bender, 2, 15 ... A / D converter, 3, 12 ... Control unit, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3
-4 ... Register, 3-5 ... First average value calculating means, 3
-6 ... Comparison / determination means, 3-7 ... second average value calculation means, 4,16 ... tone generation section, 11 ... keyboard, 13 ...
Switch input section, 17 ... D / A converter, 18 ... Amplifier, 19 ... Speaker.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An operator, a data generating means for generating data according to an operation of the operator at regular intervals, a converting means for converting the data from the data generating means into desired data, and the conversion. In the electronic musical instrument having storage means for storing data from the means, and control means for varying characteristics of the output musical tone based on the data from the storage means, the conversion means outputs the current output from the data generation means. First average value calculation means for averaging the data and the previously calculated first average value data to calculate new first average value data; and first average value data from the first average value calculation means. A comparison determination means for comparing the data stored in the storage means and determining whether or not a difference value between the two data exceeds a predetermined value, and the comparison determination means determines that the difference value is equal to or more than a predetermined value. Only in the case where the data is stored, the first average value data from the first average value calculation means and the data stored in the storage means are averaged to calculate new data, and this data is stored in the storage means. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a second average value calculating means.