JPH0631964B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having a function of automatically changing the frequency of portamento or glissando.

[Prior art and its problems]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, electronic musical instruments have been actively constructed using digital technology. By the way, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-146321 discloses a technique for successively changing the frequency of a musical tone in such an electronic musical instrument, for example, a technique for obtaining a portamento effect. Further, JP-A-53-103718 and JP-A-56-103 disclose the technology of tone mix for simultaneously generating a plurality of musical tones for one key operation.
There is issue 162797. However, in the past, an electronic musical instrument having the above-described functions of portamento and tone mix has not yet been considered. That is, if the portamento effect is applied to a plurality of musical tones generated by the tone mixing technique by using the conventional method as it is, a plurality of different tone lines have different unique lines when switching to the tone mix. Since the frequency of is stored, there is a problem that portamento is randomly performed on the pitch chord obtained by the performance operation this time.

[Object of the Invention]

An object of the present invention is to enable a constant portamento effect even when the normal mode is switched to the tone mix mode.

[Main points of the invention]

The present invention relates to a pitch data output means for outputting pitch data in response to a performance operation, a plurality of first register groups capable of storing the pitch data from the pitch data output means, The pitch data stored so far is transferred to the first register group each time the pitch data is output from the pitch data output means. A plurality of second register groups, a mode specifying means for specifying either the first mode or the second mode, and the first mode is specified by the mode specifying means. One of the first register groups is designated to store the pitch data from the pitch data output means, and when the second mode is designated, it is designated in the first mode. Done Storage control means for storing pitch data for designating pitch data from the pitch data output means by designating at least one register in addition to one register in the first register group; When the mode designating means detects that the first mode has been switched to the second mode, and the detection means detects that the second mode has been switched, the first mode is set. The pitch data stored in one register of the designated first register group is further designated in the second mode.
Transfer means for transferring to at least one register in the second register group, each register in the second register group, and each register in the first register group corresponding to the second register as one set. Variable pitch data output for outputting, for each group, pitch data that varies at a predetermined speed up to the pitch data stored in the corresponding first register group with the pitch data stored in the group as an initial value And a musical tone signal generating means capable of outputting a plurality of musical tone signals based on the pitch data from the variable pitch data output means.

Example of Invention

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First
The figure is a block diagram showing the overall circuit configuration. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a keyboard, which has a plurality of keys and a mode switch 1S for switching between a normal mode and a tone mix mode. Now, it is assumed that the key has 61 keys from pitch C ₁ to pitch C ₆ . The key operation signal of the keyboard 1 is supplied to the CPU 2 as a result of scanning. The CPU 2 is composed of a microprocessor or the like, and controls various processes described later. The CPU 2 is further provided with an output from the volume 3 which changes the speed of portamento (glissando). Then, the CPU 2 generates and supplies various data to the registers 4 to 11 according to the outputs from the keyboard 1 and the volume 3, and performs arithmetic processing according to the contents of these registers 4 to 11.

That is, the register 4 stores the key code according to the previous key operation, and has an area for the number of polyphonic pronunciations (for example, 8 from n = 0 to 7). Now, in the drawing, it is shown as OSC (old scale code).

The register 5 stores a key code according to the current key operation, and has areas for the number of polyphonic pronunciations (8 in the same manner as described above, n = 0 to 7). In the drawing, it is shown as NSC (new scale code).

As shown in FIG. 2, each key has a key code represented by a binary code. The key code of each key takes a value from 0 to 3C in hexadecimal notation.

The register 6 stores a code of a value obtained by subtracting the current key code (NSC) from the previous key code (OSC). This register 6 also has the same number of polyphonic pronunciations (n =
8 areas 0 to 7). It is shown as VALUE in the drawing. A register 7 is used together with the register 6 and has a sign or a sign indicating whether the result obtained by subtracting the current key code (NSC) from the previous key code (OSC) is positive or negative. Number of pronunciations (n = 0 to 7
Of 8) to remember. It is shown as SIGN in the drawing.

The register 8 stores a small number of chords corresponding to the number of polyphonic pronunciations (n = 0 to 7), and the fine chords (denoted as ΔPITCH in the drawing) can be obtained by the following equation. become.

ΔPITCH = | OSC−NSC | × PSF / BIAS Note that PSF in this equation is the value stored in register 10,
Indicates the ortamento Speed Factor, which is a value that determines the portamento speed. BIAS is a constant that determines the bit position of a semitone (100 cents) or less, and is a register 11
Memorized in. In this embodiment, PSF is 1 to 3F (in hexadecimal notation) and BLAS is 2 ¹⁰ (= 1024).

The minute code ΔPITCH is accumulated every 8 msec and stored in the register 9. This register 9 also has as many areas as the number of polyphonic pronunciations (n = 0 to 7), and is shown as PITCH ▽ in the drawing.

Further, reference numeral 12 in FIG. 1 is a timer, which has the same number as the number of pronunciations (n = 0 to 7), and is shown as TIMER for convenience of explanation. The CPU 2 presets the data indicating the timer drive time Δt (= 8 msec) to the timer 12, and when the time elapses, gives the interrupt signal INT to the CPU 2.

The CPU 2 outputs the key code signal KCD that sequentially changes according to the output signals of the registers 4 to 11 and the timer 12 described above.
Only polyphonic pronunciations (n = 0 to 7) occur,
It is sent to the frequency data converter 13. That is, the key code signal KCD indicates a code proportional to cents,
The frequency data converter 13 converts it to the tone generator group 14 operating in units of Hertz and sends it out. This converted frequency data is shown as n in the drawing. Further, the tone generator group 14 is provided with tone color determination information TIMBRE from the CPU 2. The tone generator group 14 has polyphonic pronunciations (n = 0 to 7).
There is a sound generation circuit, and sound is generated with a certain tone color in normal mode, but tone color determination information in tone mix mode
According to the TIMBRE, a tone generation operation is performed with a plurality of tones (two tones in the embodiment). The tone generator group 14 may have an individual circuit configuration or may have a circuit configuration capable of generating a plurality of tones by time division processing.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that in the normal mode, one tone color is sounded per key depression, and in the tone mix mode, two tone colors are sounded per key depression. FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the processing of the CPU 2. In step S ₁ , the PSF value of the register 10 is determined. The value of this PSF changes with the operation of the volume 3.
When PSF is 1, portamento is applied most slowly, and when PSF is 3F (hexadecimal expression), portamento is applied most quickly.

Step S _2, S ₃ outputs a Kikomon signal keyboard CPU2 Whereas keyboard 1, which inputs the key data signal obtained as a result, detects an operation state of Kibodo 1. Next, in step S ₄ , it is determined whether or not there is any key-on. If there is any key-on, the process proceeds to step S ₅ and the key-on process for the line n (tone generator TG _n ) is performed. Then the process proceeds to step S _6, it is determined whether the tone mix mode is designated, performs a key-on processing for the line n + 1 in step S ₇ if tone mix mode is designated. Line n in step S ₅ above
Key-on processing for line and line n + 1 in step S ₇
The details of the key-on processing for will be described later. When the process ends in step S _7, the process proceeds to step S _8, it is determined whether there is what is key off. Also, if it is determined that the key-on without in step S _4, or even if the tone mix mode is determined as not being specified in step S ₆ proceeds to step S _8. Then, the process proceeds to step S ₉ if there is what is key-off in step S _8, performs key-off processing for the line n. That is, the CPU 2 gives a key-off command to a specific tone generator TG _n of the tone generator group 14 in order to mute the musical sound being generated. Upon completion of the key-off process of step S _9, step S ₁₀
In the tone mix mode, the process proceeds to step S ₁₁ and the line n is determined.
Key off processing for +1 is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S _12, and outputs a Kikomon signal for various switches. Also, if it is determined that the key-off no in step S _8, or if the tone mix mode is determined as not being specified in step S _10, immediately jumps to step S _12. Then detects the key input data in step S _13, processing for the input data, for example, executes processing such as setting a tone color decision information TIMBER. Thereafter, it is judged whether tone mix mode changes in step S _14, repeats the process described above returns to the step S ₂ If no change of mode. However, the mode proceeds to step S ₁₅ if the change, performs key-off processing for all the lines, then, determines whether the mode switch 1S specifying the tone mix mode is turned on proceeds to step S ₁₆ . If the mode switch 1S is turned off, after setting the normal mode in step S _17, the flow returns to step S _2. Also, if the mode switch 1S is turned on, the process proceeds to step S ₁₉ after setting the tone mix mode in step S _18, the even-numbered line n (0 of the register 5,
The scale code NSC held in (2, 4, 6) is copied to the odd line n + 1, that is, the lines of 1, 3, 5, 7 and then the process returns to step S ₂ .

It will now be described key-on processing for the odd line n + 1 of the key-on processing and Step S ₇ for the even lines n in step S _5. First, step S in FIG.
_{At 21} , the NSC _m stored in the register 5 is transferred to the register 4 as OSC _m . The values of m are 0, 2, 4, 6 for even lines and 1, 3, 5, 7 for odd lines. Then, advanced key code corresponding to the newly engineered key step S _22, store the NSC _m register 5.

Incidentally, in this embodiment, is either assigned to one of the registers of the eight registers in the processing of step S _5, is determined by performing from those values of n (even number) is small in this order, for example, one If a key is pressed, then the key is released, and then a new key is pressed, n
The same register of = 0 will be assigned one after another. Also, for example, if three keys are pressed at the same time, n = 0, 2, 4
When each key code is assigned to each register of, and three different keys are pressed after releasing the key, the same n = 0, 2, 4 as the previous three keys
The key code by the new key depression is assigned to each register of. In addition, in the process of step S ₇ , since the even value processed in step S ₅ is incremented by “+1”, the value of m after step S ₂₁ becomes an odd number, and the same process as step S ₅ is performed according to the value. Done.

Then, in step S _23, the contents of the registers 5 NSC _m
And detecting the magnitude determination that the contents OSC _m of the register 4, the determination of YES is made and proceeds to step S _24, to store the value of NSC _m - an OSC _m to the register 6 as VALUE _m, step S
_The data indicating that the sign is at ₂₅ is stored in the register 7.
Store as SIGN _m .

Therefore, in this case, the key code (NSC
_{Since m} ) is larger than the previous key code (OSC _m ), a portamento effect that raises the pitch is obtained.

Conversely, when the NO determination at step S ₂₃ is performed, and proceeds to step S ₂₆ following the step S _23, a value obtained by subtracting the contents NSC _m of the register 5 from the contents OSC _m of the register 4, namely OS
The value of C _m -NSC _m is stored in VALUE _m of register 6, and the data indicating that the sign is is stored in SIGN _m of register 7 in step S ₂₇ .

Therefore, in this case, the key code (N
Since SC _m ) is smaller than the previous key code (OSC _m ), the portamento effect that the pitch falls can be obtained.

And proceeds to step S ₂₃ after the process of step S ₂₅ or step S _27. In step S _23, what determines the portamento variation width (in cents) to give the VALUE _m in register 6, the PSF of the register 10, the DerutaPITCH _m in the register 8 from the operation of the BIAS register 11 .

That is, this ΔPITCH is, for example, when PSF is 1, that is, when the slowest portamento is applied, for example, when OSC is 0 and NSC is 1, ΔPITCH = | 0-1 | × 1/1024 = 9.765625 × 10 ⁻⁴ Therefore, it is 000000.0000000001 in binary representation. It should be noted that the upper bits than “.” Indicate a frequency of a semitone (100 cents) or more, and the lower bits indicate a frequency of less than 100 cents.

As will be described later, in this case, the portamento time is about 8.2 sec because the number of times of accumulation is | 0-1 | /9.765625×10 ^-4 = 1024, so one computation cycle is 8 msec.
Is.

Similarly, PSF is 1, for example OSC is 0, NSC is 3C
In the case of (hexadecimal notation), ΔPITCH = | 0-3C | × 1/1024 = 0.05859375 Therefore, in binary notation, it becomes 000000.0000111100. Therefore, in this case, the number of times this ΔPITCH code is accumulated is | 0-3C | /0.05859375=1024, and when one calculation cycle is set to 8 msec as in the above, the portamento time is about 8.2 sec. Become.

Unlike the above case, if PSF is set to 3F (hexadecimal expression) and the fastest portamento speed is taken, for example, OSC
Is 0 and NSC is 1, ΔPITCH = | 0-1 | × 3F / 1024 = 0.061523437 Therefore, the binary representation is 000000.0000111111. Therefore, in this case, the number of times this ΔPITCH code is accumulated is | 0−1 | /0.061523437≒16.25 Therefore, it becomes about 17 times. .

Similarly, when PSF is 3F (hexadecimal notation), OSC is 0 and NSC is 3C (hexadecimal notation), ΔPITCH = | 0-3C | × 3F / 1024 = 3.69140625 Therefore, in binary notation, It becomes 000011.1011000100. Therefore, in this case, the number of times this ΔPITCH code is accumulated is | 0−3C | /3.69140625=16.25 Therefore, it becomes about 17 times. As in the above case, one calculation cycle is 8 msec, and the portamento period is about the same as above. Thirteen
It will be 6 msec.

In this way, in step S ₂₈ , the minute code ΔPITCH _m indicating the change width of portamento is obtained and stored in the corresponding area of the register 8.

Then, the following the step S ₂₈ proceeds to step S _29, to clear the contents PITCH ▽ _m of the corresponding area of the register 9 to accumulate micro code.

Next, in step S _30, the corresponding contents of the area of the register 4, i.e. CPU key code OSC _m key was last operated
The reference numeral 2 is read and given to the frequency data converter 13 as a key code signal KCD _m , and the corresponding frequency data m is supplied to the corresponding tone generator TG _m of the tone generator group 14. Then, in the next step S _{31, the} CPU 2 gives a key-on command signal to the tone generator TG _m of the tone generator group 14 via a control line (not shown) to start sound generation.

Next, in step S ₃₂ , it is determined whether the tone mix mode is designated. If it is the tone mix mode, the process proceeds to step S ₃₃ , and it is determined whether the value of m is an even number. If the value of m is determined to be an even number in step S ₃₃ is the case of the key-on processing in step S _5, the process proceeds to step S _34. Furthermore, if it is determined not to be a tone mix mode in step S _32, the process proceeds to step S ₃₄ without performing the process of step S _33. In step S _34, to the timer within the timer 12 (TIMER _m), give information corresponding to 8 msec, the timer TI in step S ₃₅
Start MER _m . As described above, when it is determined in step S ₃₂ that the tone mix mode is not set, or when it is determined in step S ₃₃ that the value of m is an even number, it is the case of the key-on process in step S ₅ .
Ends the key-on processing through the above steps S _34, S _35. Also, if the value of m is determined not to be an even number in step S ₃₃ is the case of the key-on processing in step S _7, as the processing is terminated in this case.

With the above processing, the tone generator TG _m comes to generate a musical tone having a frequency corresponding to the key code OSC _m as shown in FIG.

And each timer TIMER _n of the timer 12 is 8 msec.
Counting, the interrupt signal INT _n is given to the CPU2, and C
PU2 executes the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG.
First, in step R ₁ , it is determined whether or not the tone mix mode is set, and if it is the tone mix mode, step R ₂ is executed. That is, the ΔPITCH _{n + 1} stored in step R ₂ in the register 8 CPU 2 reads, it adds the PITCH ▽ _{n + 1} stored in the register 9, and stores again the area of the register 9. Then, in the next step R _3, it is judged whether or not the content PITCH ▽ _{n + 1 of the} register 9 exceeds the content VALUE _{n + 1} stored in the area of the register 6. If PITCH ▽ _{n + 1} is still smaller than VALUE _{n + 1} , the process proceeds to step R ₄ . Then, according to the code data SIGN _{n + 1} stored in the register 7, the judgment is made and the process proceeds to step R ₅ or step R ₆ .

That is, when the sign SIGN _n is, at step R ₅ , the OSC _{n + 1} stored in the register 4 and the register 9 are registered.
After adding the PITCH ▽ _{n + 1} stored in, the CPU 2 sends it as the key code KCD _{n + 1} to the frequency data converter 13 to increase the frequency.

On the contrary, when the sign SIGN _n is, in step R ₆ ,
After subtracting the PITCH ▽ _{n + 1} stored in the register 9 from the OSC _{n + 1} stored in the register 4, the CPU 2 sends it as the key code KCD _{n + 1} to the frequency data conversion unit 13 to decrease the frequency. Let

Then, when the process of step R ₅ or step R ₆ is completed, the process proceeds to step R ₇ . If it is determined in step R ₁ that the tone mix mode is not designated, the process immediately proceeds to step R ₇ without performing the processes of step R _{2 and} subsequent steps. In this step R ₇ , the CPU 2 reads ΔPITCH _n stored in the register 8, adds it to the PITCH ▽ _n stored in the register 9, and stores it again in the area of the register 9. The contents PITCH ▽ _n register 9 in the next step R ₈ is, whether judge beyond what VALUE _n stored in the area of the register 6. If PITCH ▽ _n is still smaller than VALUE _n , the process proceeds to step R ₉ . And register 7
In accordance with the code data SIGN _n stored in, the judgment is made and the process proceeds to step R ₁₀ or step R ₁₁ .

That is, when the code SIGN _n is, in step R ₁₀ , the OSC _n stored in the register 4 and the PITCH ▽ _n stored in the register 9 are added, and the CPU 2 sets the key code KCD _n. It is sent to the frequency data converter 13 to increase and change the frequency.

On the contrary, when the sign SIGN _n is, in step R ₁₁ ,
After subtracting PITCH ▽ _n stored in register 9 from OSC _n stored in register 4, CPU 2 sets key code KCD.
_It is sent to the frequency data converter 13 as _n , and the frequency is changed downward.

When the interrupt processing is completed in this way, it returns to normal processing. Therefore, in the case of normal mode, the processing in step R ₇ to R ₁₁ are performed, as shown in FIG. 5, for each 8 msec, the key code signal KCD _n is NSC _n from the value of OSC _n To the value of, by a minute code ΔPITCH _n ,
As the tone is reduced, the tone is generated with a uniform frequency change proportional to the cent. Also,
The tone mix mode, further steps _R 2 to R ₆
Processing is executed prior to the above processing, and every 8 msec,
The key code signal KCD _{n + 1} changes from the value of OSC _{n + 1 to} the value of NSC _{n + 1} by incrementing / decrementing by a minute code ΔPITCH _{n + 1} , and the generated musical tone is also uniform accordingly. Is generated with a frequency change proportional to the cent.

Then, at the final stage, a Yes determination is made in steps R ₃ and R ₈ during the interrupt processing, and steps R ₁₂ and R 8 are performed.
Execute ₁₃ . That is, in step R ₃ , the accumulation result of the minute codes is the code of the difference between OSC _{n + 1} and NSC _{n + 1,} that is, VALU.
When it is determined that E _{n + 1} has been exceeded, the routine proceeds to step R ₁₂ , and PITCH ▽ _{n + 1} of the register 9 is set to the code VALUE _{n + 1} stored in the register 6. If it is determined in step R ₈ that the accumulation result of the minute codes exceeds the code of the difference between OSC _n and NSC _n, that is, VALUE _n , step R ₁₃
Then, the PITCH ▽ _{n of the} register 9 is set to the code VALUE _n stored in the register 6. Then, the next step R ₁₄
Then, the operation of the timer TIMER _n of the timer 12 is stopped. Therefore, in the normal mode, thereafter, a code obtained by adding and subtracting the difference code VALUE _n and the code of OSC _n , that is, a musical tone of a frequency corresponding to the key code NSC _n accompanying a new key depression is continuously generated. As a result, the timer interrupt process will not be executed.

In the tone mix mode, the tone with the frequency corresponding to the key code NSC _{n associated} with the above key depression is
The musical sound of the frequency corresponding to the key code of C _{n + 1} is continuously generated. In the tone mix mode, step S
_{In 19} , the key codes of the even line (n) and the odd line (n + 1) are matched, so the final steady pronunciation from the first pronunciation (based on the key code OSC _n , OSC _{n + 1} ) Until time (based on the key codes NSC _n and NSC _{n + 1} ), two musical tones having the same frequency but different tones and timbres are generated.

As can be understood from the above description, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Is the pitch range between the new key press and the previous key press (that is, VALUE _n )
It becomes constant regardless of, that is, the time designated based on the content PSF of the register 10 which is determined according to the setting of the volume 3.

On the other hand, the minute code ΔPITCH _n naturally changes according to the size of VALUE _n .

7 and 8 show portamento whose pitch rises,
It shows the portamento where the pitch falls.

FIG. 9 shows a change in frequency corresponding to the key code when the tone mix mode is designated. If you do not control anything when you switch to the tone mix mode,
As shown in FIG. 9 (A), the previous key codes OSC _n and OSC
_{Since n + 1} is set to a different unique frequency ₁ and f ₂ , respectively, portamento is performed for the key code NSC of this time from the positions ₁ and ₂ . Therefore, portamento becomes random and its effect is impaired. On the other hand, in the above embodiment, the contents of n in the previous key code OSC is copied to n + 1 when the tone mix mode is switched as shown in FIG. 9 (B), so that the lines n and n + 1 are the same. Portamento is performed for the current key code NSC from the frequency corresponding to the key code OSC _n . Therefore, portamento can be effectively performed.

In the above embodiment, the key code OSC is shown as copying the contents of n to n + 1 when switching to the tone mix mode, but the contents of n + 1 may be copied to n.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where two tone colors are sounded per key depression has been described, but more tone colors may be sounded, and in this case, one key of the plurality of tone colors is used. By copying the code to another, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, a frequency modulation effect such as a portamento effect (glissando effect) can be provided when playing a tone mix that produces a plurality of musical tones per key depression. Further, any one of the plurality of key codes generated by one key depression is copied to the other, so that the frequency modulation effect such as portamento or glissando can be more effectively performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a key code, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are flowcharts showing a processing operation.
FIG. 9 to FIG. 9 are diagrams showing operating states. 1 ... keyboard, 2 ... CPU, 3 ... volume, 4
~ 11 ... Register, 12 ... Timer, 13 ... Frequency data converter, 21 ... Volume, 22 ... CPU,
23, 24 ... Register.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pitch data output means for outputting pitch data in response to a performance operation, and a plurality of first register groups capable of storing the pitch data from the pitch data output means, The pitch data stored in the first register group up to that time is provided for each register of the first register group and each time the pitch data is output from the pitch data output means. When a plurality of second register groups to be transferred, a mode designating means for designating either the first mode or the second mode, and the first mode being designated by the mode designating means Stores the pitch data from the pitch data output means by designating one register of the first register group, and when the second mode is designated, in the first mode Specified Storage control means for storing pitch data for designating pitch data from the pitch data output means by designating at least one register in addition to one register in the first register group, Detecting means for detecting the switching from the first mode to the second mode by the mode designating means, and the first mode when detecting the switching to the second mode by the detecting means. The pitch data stored in one register of the first register group designated in step 1 is further designated in the second mode.
Transfer means for transferring to at least one register in the second register group, each register in the second register group, and each register in the first register group corresponding to the second register as one set. Variable pitch data output for outputting, for each group, pitch data that varies at a predetermined speed up to the pitch data stored in the corresponding first register group with the pitch data stored in the group as an initial value An electronic musical instrument having means, and musical tone signal generating means capable of outputting a plurality of musical tone signals based on the pitch data from the variable pitch data output means.