JPH0639050A - Emergency respiratory apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a respiratory device for emergency for supplying a user in a critical condition or during short dividing with breathable gas for a while to make life be supported. CONSTITUTION: This is a respiratory device for emergency to support life for a while by supplying breathable gas from a gas source with a small capacity through a limited channel of flow only by limited quantity of flow to prevent hyperpnea. The consumption of the inhaling gas is characterized by a demand valve with a poppet 2 controlled by a demand pressure sensitive diaphragm 4 to control an inhaling flow channel 1. The diaphragm also controls an exhaling flow channel so as to shift use of flow channels to alternately open/close. This device also has a discharging pressure switch function by a trigger part to eliminate load on a reaction member at a position where the device is placed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an emergency breathing apparatus for supplying a user with breathable gas for a while during dangerous situations or temporary dives. When using the device of the present invention, escape from a place filled with smoke, for example by flight crews or passengers from the cabin of an airplane, or a crew of a military car or warship, or in a submerged condition, for example, It can be used from an airplane or helicopter that has been accidentally landed, or in an emergency when lifesaving, such as when a firefighter or an ambulance crew does not wear the usual long-term breathing apparatus they have. can give.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art In contrast to the described use, the device is compact and lightweight, robust and easy to use, requires no special skill, is reliable, and is suitable for different users and different operations. It is important to be highly adaptable to the environment.

Breathing apparatus for these purposes incorporate a source of a suitable breathable gas, such as a high pressure, clean air stored in a suitable container. It also includes a means for exhausting the breathing gas at an appropriate pressure even in the amount required at the time of use such as a gas mask. That is, the essential components are a built-in breathing device of a certain type, a means for expelling the required amount of breathing gas at the required pressure, and a suitable flow control device including, inter alia, a pressure regulator and a demand valve. However, the conventional built-in breathing apparatus was mainly used by a skilled person at the time of use. Therefore, available availability meant adjusting gas emissions.

[0004]

It is essential that the apparatus of the present invention be self-adjusting and automatically applying without any other adjustments. More ideally, there should be maneuverability that mitigates the potential danger to the user, such as inexperience, that would result in misuse.

[0005]

The different lung capacities of an individual (human) are dependent on the maximum respiratory rate, eg, the rate of air consumption that occurs when the individual is in a state of intense physical activity or generally at high stress levels. Affect. However, the rate of air consumption required to sustain life is generally less than the maximum corresponding to unrestrained breathing,
And in many circumstances, suppression in respiration rate is desired to prevent hyperventilation and its undesirable physical consequences. In fact, if the air consumption rate were suppressed, not only would excessive breathing be hindered, but it would also be affected during calm times. Due to the different lung volumes of individuals, their air consumption rates at life-sustaining levels are almost the same. The present invention utilizes this phenomenon.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention relates to an emergency breathing apparatus, which includes a poppet for controlling an inhalation flow passage restricted from a breathing gas inlet to a connecting port on the use side, the poppet being connected to the connecting port on the use side. It can be operated by the exposed demand pressure sensitive diaphragm, and also controls the discharge flow path between the connection port on the use side and the discharge port, so that the demand pressure change opens the suction flow path and closes the discharge flow path. An emergency breathing device characterized by a demand valve that changes the position of the diaphragm between an initial position and a second position that closes the intake flow path and opens the exhaust flow path.

In a preferred embodiment, the diaphragm acts on the poppet through a propulsion member that partially defines the intake flow path, and the relative movement of the propulsion member relative to the diaphragm that operates the poppet and controls the auxiliary exhaust flow path. On the other hand, in the case of a diaphragm defect, it independently indicates the demand pressure of the diaphragm for supplying the second control of the poppet.

The structure of the demand valve has a space for the gas, which is of a small volume, which makes it sensitive to changes in pressure required while avoiding the consumption of breathing gas during the valve conversion of the breathing cycle. I have a quick response. In addition, this construction allows the demand valve to be of a generally small physical size to allow its adjustment in a simple lightweight breathing mask.

The present invention is a reactive pressure regulator applied to the exhalation of breathing gas from a high pressure source at a constant low pressure (such as described in GB 1,511,844). ), And an emergency breathing apparatus as characterized by having its reaction load means controlled by a moveable or displaceable triggering component that disables the reaction load means in its installed position.

The discharge pressure adjusted by the reaction pressure regulator is a function that acts on the reaction member because it has a load against it, so that the discharge pressure is made zero by eliminating the reaction load (the reaction member). Against these applied loads). The trigger component therefore shifts the regulator discharge pressure between zero and a certain low pressure for breathing gas discharge, thereby providing an on / off function for regulator discharge switching. .

The trigger component is another part of the device such that the regulator is automatically actuated to expel breathing gas by moving the other part of the device out of its stacked, non-use condition. It is preferable that it can be operated by. In the preferred embodiment, the trigger component forms part of a respiratory mask or demand valve. The trigger component may also be in the form of a probe that is inserted into the passage, for example the body of the regulator operates a follower mechanism to retract the former from the latter between the reaction load means and the reaction member. The probe may be formed with a clasp notch to receive the clasp when fully inserted. This holds the probe in its position,
It prevents the accidental withdrawal.

[0012]

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below and by the accompanying drawings. 1 is a sectional view of a preferred form of the demand valve, FIG. 2 is a component view of a rear flat plate member of the demand valve of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a reaction pressure regulator. The demand valve depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 ends in a seat for a poppet 2 with a mandrel extending through a sealing diaphragm 4 into a central passage 5 to an axially displaceable propulsion member 6 of the body. It includes a body having a control inlet passage 1 therein. The end portion of the poppet mandrel is snapped onto the steps of the propulsion member 6 for transmission of thrust. The end of the propulsion member remote from the inlet passage 1 is connected to the passage 5 and is seated against the seal 8 on the inner circumference of an annular demand pressure sensitive diaphragm 10 having a seal 9 and a central mouth 11 on the opposite surface. It is formed by a central recess bounded by 7. The seal 9 is located outside the seal 8 for cooperating with the seat 12 surrounding the axial use side connection port 13 of the body. The body includes a discharge port 14 and 16, a top cap 17 in which the internal passage 1 forms and provides an internal connection port 18, and a lower cap 19 formed in a plug to provide a use side connection port 13. It consists of part 15.

The diaphragm 4 provides a low friction seal between the propulsion member 6 and the central portion 15 of the body. At the center of the diaphragm 4 is fitted a rear flat plate 20 consisting of slots 3 meshed with the steps on the mandrel of the poppet 2 to provide a flow path through the diaphragm. It comprises the inner passage 1, the slot 3, the passage 5 and the mouth 11, together forming an inhalation passage for the breathing gas which is controlled by the poppet 2 from the inner mouth 18 to the use-side connection 13.

The seal 9 controls the normal exhaust flow path between the port 13 and the exhaust port 14, while the seal 8 controls the internal flow path and the axial flow path between the port 13 and the exhaust port 16. .

Due to the operation of this demand valve, when the breathing gas source is connected to the port 18 and the pressure is adjusted to an appropriate value, when the user attempts to inhale from the port 13, the diaphragm 10
Then, the propulsion member 6, the diaphragm 4, and the poppet 2 associated therewith move downward so as to open the suction passage while the discharge passage is closed.

On the other hand, the evacuation raises the diaphragm 10 to close the suction flow path while opening the (normal) evacuation flow path to the port 14. However, the diaphragm 10 does not move and the discharge pressure causes the propulsion member to displace the seal 8 from the seat 7 and open the axial flow path to the port 16 for independent upward movement of the diaphragm 10. Work to 6. In addition, the poppet 2 is also opened by the overpressure present in the flow path 1 (such as that caused by a bad regulator) and the axial flow path is also opened to provide the removal flow at port 16. .

It will be appreciated that this structure is very compact and the volume of the inhalation flow path is very small, so that the consumption of breathing gas is minimized. Furthermore, this structure also provides a safety device in case of failure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the reaction pressure regulator of a breathing apparatus embodying the present invention. The overall construction of this regulator is that described in GB 1,511,844. It has a body with an inlet port 21 used to connect to a source of high pressure breathing gas, such as a 0.25 liter container filled with clean air at 207 atmospheres (52 liters of air at atmospheric pressure). It includes. The inlet port 21 inserts a spring loaded poppet 23, is connected to a seat 24 and is connected to a valve chamber 22 which encloses a path in a reaction chamber 26 to an outlet port 25. Reaction member 36 is normally have excess pressure relief passage 36 a in the axial direction are sealed at the top end of the poppet 23 by the valve member 36 b, a screw aligned with the pressure and the spring 32 and the ball 35 in chamber 26 It is exposed to the reaction load being adjusted by the cap 31. As can be seen, the pressure at the outlet port 25 is determined by the load on the reaction member 36 which allows the poppet 23 to close at the set pressure. Excess pressure at the outlet port 25 and the chamber 26 is lifted through the passage 36 a in order to remove the reaction member 36 from the valve member 36 b.

According to the invention, the basic structure is limited. It has a spring 32 and a ball 3 as shown.
Connected to a follower 33 sandwiched between 5, to draw spring load from the latter and thereby to close poppet 23 under its own spring load,
The provision of unloading the reaction member 36 by inserting a trigger component into the valve body in the form of a probe 34. As also shown, the probe 34 is canted to effect the displacement of the follower 33 upon insertion, and the clasp to hold the probe fully inserted to resist accidental retraction. Has a notch. The probe 34 is conveniently mounted on a face mask 38, as shown in the schematic, for loading the latter, and also by the act of uncoupling the face mask for use from the loaded condition. This is to ensure retraction (to set the regulator to release breathing gas). Moreover, the automatic switching of such regulators also ensures cleaning of the mask prior to its wear, which is especially important when wearing underwater.

As shown, the regulator has a threaded valve 37 to keep the inlet closed during long term storage of the device. The valve 37 is essentially a pressure relief valve to control the original filling of the air storage container by the regulator or to protect against the risk of excess stored air pressure in the storage container rising. Is suitable for

In the breathing apparatus according to the invention, the inlet port 18 of the demand valve of FIGS. 1 and 2 is a regulated pressure outlet port 25 of the pressure regulator of FIG. 3 by a suitable flexible hose, such as a 4 mm outer diameter nylon pipe. Are linked to.

[0022]

The device according to the invention provides breathing for a few minutes at a life-sustaining rate, its size,
It can be packed in a small pack that is suitable for mounting on flight crew flying suits, life jackets and airplane seats in terms of weight.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred form of demand valve.

[Explanation of symbols]

FIG. 2 is a component diagram of a rear flat plate member of the demand valve of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a reaction pressure regulator.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 inlet 12 seat 2 poppet 13 use side connection port 3 slot 14 discharge port 4 sealing diaphragm 15 central part 5 central passage 16 discharge port 6 propulsion member 17 upper cap 7 seat 18 inner port 8 seal 19 lower cap 9 seal 20 rear flat plate 10 Annular demand pressure sensitive diaphragm 21 Inlet port 11 Central port 22 Valve chamber 23 Spring Loaded poppet 24 Seat 35 Ball 25 Outlet port 36 Reaction member 26 Reaction chamber 36 a Overpressure relief passage 31 Screw cap 36 b Valve member 32 Spring 37 Valve 34 probe 38 face mask

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Francis Xavier Kay United Kingdom Buckingham MK 18 5 HI, AK, Church Hill, A British Subject of the Old Schoolhouse (no address)

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A demand pressure sensitive diaphragm comprising a poppet for controlling an inhalation flow path restricted from a breathing gas inlet to a use side connection port, the poppet being exposed to the use side connection port. Operable and controls the discharge flow path between the connection port on the use side and the discharge port, so that the change in demand pressure opens the suction flow path and closes the discharge flow path, and the suction flow path is closed. An emergency breathing apparatus characterized by a demand valve that changes the position of the diaphragm between a second position to open the tract. 2. A diaphragm for propelling a thrust force from the diaphragm to the poppet to partially limit an intake flow path, the propelling member actuating the poppet to control an axial exhaust flow path. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that demand pressure is required for independent movement. 3. An axial exhaust valve seat on the propulsion member and a valve seal on the diaphragm, each for cooperating and transmitting thrust from the diaphragm to the propulsion member. The device according to claim 2. 4. A moveable or displaceable trigger characterized by a recoil pressure regulator to expel breathing gas from a high pressure source at a constant, low pressure, disabling its recoil load means in the mounted position. An emergency breathing apparatus having its reaction load means controlled by a component. 5. The demand valve breathing gas inlet connected to a reaction pressure regulator, which is mounted to discharge breathing gas at a constant low pressure from a high pressure source, on the other hand. 4. An emergency breathing apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has its reaction load means controlled by a movable or displaceable trigger part which renders the reaction load means ineffective. 6. The trigger component therein wherein it is operable by moving another portion of the device from a stacked, non-use condition.
Alternatively, the device according to item 5. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the triggering part is provided therewith by a respiratory mask or demand valve. 8. The trigger component comprises a probe that inserts into a regulator to operate a follower mechanism that is inserted between the recoil load means and the recoil member to retract the recoil load means from the recoil member. The emergency breathing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: 9. The emergency breathing apparatus of claim 8 wherein the probe has a clasp notch for receiving the clasp when fully inserted into the regulator.