JPH0637295B2 - Method for separating mercury from aqueous phase and mercury extraction reagent used therefor - Google Patents
Method for separating mercury from aqueous phase and mercury extraction reagent used thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0637295B2 JPH0637295B2 JP2287298A JP28729890A JPH0637295B2 JP H0637295 B2 JPH0637295 B2 JP H0637295B2 JP 2287298 A JP2287298 A JP 2287298A JP 28729890 A JP28729890 A JP 28729890A JP H0637295 B2 JPH0637295 B2 JP H0637295B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- aqueous phase
- separating
- organic solvent
- extraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、溶媒抽出による水銀の回収法に関するもの
で、特に廃水や固形廃棄物中に含まれる水銀を回収する
ために、水相から水銀を分離、抽出する方法に関するも
のである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for recovering mercury by solvent extraction, and particularly for recovering mercury contained in wastewater or solid waste, mercury is removed from an aqueous phase. It relates to a method for separating and extracting.
（従来の技術及びその問題点） 水銀法電解ソーダ工場、水銀触媒を使用する化学工場、
水銀を含有する医薬品や殺菌剤の製造工場などから排出
される廃水中には水銀が含まれ、水銀が環境汚染の原因
となることから、廃水中に含まれる水銀イオン、特に人
体に非常に悪影響を与える第二水銀（II）イオンを分離
除去するため、現在まで様々な方策が講じられてきた。(Prior art and its problems) Mercury electrolytic soda factory, chemical factory using mercury catalyst,
Wastewater discharged from manufacturing plants for mercury-containing pharmaceuticals and fungicides contains mercury, which causes environmental pollution.Therefore, mercury ions contained in the wastewater, especially the human body, are extremely harmful. Various measures have been taken to date in order to separate and remove the mercuric (II) ion that gives the hydrogen.
また、最近、使用済み水銀電池、酸化銀電池などの固形
廃棄物中に含まれる水銀（II）による環境汚染が重大な
社会的関心を集めており、これら固形廃棄物中からの水
銀の完全な分離・回収も望まれている。Recently, environmental pollution caused by mercury (II) contained in solid wastes such as used mercury batteries and silver oxide batteries has been attracting serious social attention. Separation / recovery is also desired.
従来、水銀を含む廃水の処理は、沈澱法、吸着法及びイ
オン交換法などによって行われてきた。しかし沈澱法は
多量の試薬を消耗し、かつ連続操作が困難である。また
活性炭やキレート樹脂による吸着法及びイオン交換法で
は、連続操作を行う場合、処理量が少ない割には大量の
吸着剤やイオン交換樹脂を必要とする。Conventionally, wastewater containing mercury has been treated by a precipitation method, an adsorption method, an ion exchange method, or the like. However, the precipitation method consumes a large amount of reagents and is difficult to operate continuously. Further, in the adsorption method and the ion exchange method using activated carbon or a chelate resin, a large amount of an adsorbent or an ion exchange resin is required for a small amount of treatment when performing continuous operations.
一方、最近、省エネルギーの観点から溶媒抽出法や液膜
法による微量金属の選択的、効率的分離技術が注目され
ている。溶媒抽出法の場合の抽出剤、または液体膜法の
場合のキャリアーとして働く成分としては、各種の高分
子量アミン、トリオクチルホスフィンオキサイド及びト
リブチルフォスフエートなどの中性りん化合物抽出剤等
が考えられる。しかし、これらの成分は、水銀に対する
選択性の点で必ずしも適切な抽出剤とは言えない。On the other hand, recently, from the viewpoint of energy saving, a technique for selectively and efficiently separating trace metals by a solvent extraction method or a liquid film method has been attracting attention. As the extractant in the case of the solvent extraction method or the component acting as the carrier in the case of the liquid membrane method, various high molecular weight amines, neutral phosphorus compound extractants such as trioctylphosphine oxide and tributyl phosphate are considered. . However, these components are not necessarily suitable extractants in terms of selectivity to mercury.
ピアソン氏の「硬い酸、軟らかい酸及び硬い塩基、軟ら
かい塩基」の概念（参照：R.G.Pearson;J.A.C.S.,3533
(1963)によれば、水銀は代表的な軟らかい酸に分類され
る。従って、水銀を選択的に抽出する場合には、硬い塩
基として働く前述の高分子量アミンや中性りん化合物抽
出剤を用いるより、軟らかい塩基として働く硫黄原子を
配位子とする抽出剤を用いる方が効率的である。硫黄原
子を配位子とする抽出剤としては、ジアルキルスルフィ
ド類及びこれらを酸化して得られるスルホキサイド類が
知られており、ソビエトなどの諸外国でその抽出特性の
研究が行われている。こうしたジアルキルスルフィド類
やスルホキサイド類は、水銀に対して高い選択性を有し
ているが、実用的な面から考えると、その抽出能力は満
足できるものではない。Pearson's concept of "hard acid, soft acid and hard base, soft base" (Ref: RGPearson; JACS, 3533
According to (1963), mercury is classified as a typical soft acid. Therefore, when selectively extracting mercury, it is preferable to use an extractant having a sulfur atom as a soft base as a ligand, rather than using the above-mentioned high molecular weight amine or neutral phosphorus compound extractor as a hard base. Is efficient. Dialkyl sulfides and sulfoxides obtained by oxidizing these are known as extractants having a sulfur atom as a ligand, and their extraction characteristics have been studied in various countries such as the Soviet Union. Such dialkyl sulfides and sulfoxides have high selectivity for mercury, but their extraction ability is not satisfactory from a practical point of view.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 本発明の課題は、上述した各種の水銀分離方法よりも、
水銀の抽出、分離能力、効率が遥かに高い、水相から水
銀を分離する方法及び試薬を提供することである。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The object of the present invention is
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a reagent for separating mercury from an aqueous phase, which has far higher efficiency of extraction, separation and efficiency of mercury.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明は、水銀を含有する水相に対し、下記式で示すア
ルキルチオール化合物を水銀抽出試薬として含有する有
機溶媒相を接触させ、これにより前記水相から水銀を分
離して有機溶媒相へと抽出することを特徴とする、水相
から水銀を分離する方法。(Means for Solving the Problems) In the present invention, an organic solvent phase containing an alkylthiol compound represented by the following formula as a mercury extraction reagent is brought into contact with an aqueous phase containing mercury, whereby mercury is extracted from the aqueous phase. A method for separating mercury from an aqueous phase, characterized in that the water is separated and extracted into an organic solvent phase.
（式中、R1，R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立に、少なくとも
２個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、シクロアルキル
基、置換若しくは末置換のアリール基、又は置換若しく
は末置換のアラルキル基を示す）に係るものである。 (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently an alkyl group having at least 2 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted or terminal substituted aryl group, or a substituted or terminal substituted aralkyl group. (Shown).
また、本発明は、水銀を含有する水相から水銀を分離す
るために用いる水銀抽出試薬であって、下記式で表され
る水銀抽出試薬に係るものである。The present invention also relates to a mercury extraction reagent used for separating mercury from an aqueous phase containing mercury, which is represented by the following formula.
（式中、R1，R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立に、少なくとも
２個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、シクロアルキル
基、置換若しくは末置換のアリール基、又は置換若しく
は末置換のアラルキル基を示す）。 (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently an alkyl group having at least 2 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted or terminal substituted aryl group, or a substituted or terminal substituted aralkyl group. Shown).
（作 用） 既存のジアルキルスルフィド類やジスルフィド類は、水
銀に対して高い選択性を有する優れた抽出剤である。(Operation) Existing dialkyl sulfides and disulfides are excellent extractants with high selectivity for mercury.
しかし、本発明者らは更に研究を進めた結果、今回新た
に開発した上記アルキルチオール化合物が、ジアルキル
スルフィド類やジスルフィド類よりも遥かに優れた水銀
抽出能力を有することを見出した。However, as a result of further research, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned newly developed alkylthiol compound has far superior mercury extraction ability than dialkyl sulfides and disulfides.
また、特に高濃度の塩化物イオンを含有する水相から水
銀を有効に分離し回収できるようになった。Further, it has become possible to effectively separate and recover mercury from an aqueous phase containing a particularly high concentration of chloride ions.
上記式で表わされるアルキルチオール類を水銀抽出試薬
として用いるときは、一種のみを単独で使用してよく、
二種以上の混合物として使用してもよい。市場での入手
の容易性及び価格の面からは混合物であってもよい。When the alkylthiols represented by the above formula are used as a mercury extraction reagent, only one kind may be used alone,
You may use it as a mixture of 2 or more types. It may be a mixture in terms of market availability and price.
式中のR1及びR2は、炭素数が１でありときは、抽出剤と
水銀が反応してできる錯体が有機溶剤に溶けず沈澱を生
成したり、あるいは抽出剤が水に溶け易くなって抽出剤
のロスを招くという問題が生じる。R1〜R3は直鎖状であ
っても分枝鎖状であってもよい。When R 1 and R 2 in the formula have a carbon number of 1, the complex formed by the reaction between the extractant and mercury does not dissolve in the organic solvent to form a precipitate, or the extractant becomes easily soluble in water. As a result, there is a problem in that the extractant is lost. R 1 to R 3 may be linear or branched.
水銀を含有する水相は、前記の従来の技術で述べた各種
工場廃水が代表的である。また固形廃棄物中に含まれる
水銀も、適当な溶解手段を用いる方法、すなわち水銀の
揮発性を利用して、過マンガン酸カリウムなどの酸化剤
の水溶液に吸収させて、第二水銀イオンとする方法など
により、水溶液中に捕捉するなら、その水溶液から本発
明によって分離可能である。本発明で使用する抽出剤
は、単独または希釈剤に溶解して使用する。The water phase containing mercury is typified by various industrial wastewaters described in the above-mentioned prior art. In addition, mercury contained in solid waste is also converted into mercuric ions by absorbing it into an aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate by using a method using an appropriate dissolving means, that is, utilizing the volatility of mercury. If it is captured in an aqueous solution by a method or the like, it can be separated from the aqueous solution according to the present invention. The extractant used in the present invention is used alone or in a diluent.
水相から本発明の水銀抽出試薬によって水銀を有機溶媒
相へと抽出した後、この有機溶媒相から水相へと再び水
銀を抽出して水銀を濃縮するため、抽出用水相中に逆抽
出剤を溶解する。こうした逆抽出剤としては、水銀と安
定な錯イオンを形成する陰イオンを、水中に溶解させれ
ばよい。この様な水溶液としては、塩酸、チオシアン酸
アンモニウム、チオシアン酸ナトリウムなどのチオシア
ン酸塩及びチオ尿素などの水溶液が考えられる。ただ、
アルキルチオール類の場合は、高濃度の塩酸で逆抽出が
できるが、この場合は非常に高濃度の酸を用いる必要が
あるという点で実際の操作には不都合である。本発明の
新規な抽出剤のように水銀イオンを捕えられるための官
能基として、硫黄原子（＝Ｓ）及びチオール基（−SH）
をもった抽出剤からの水銀の逆抽出剤としては、チオ尿
素と塩酸の混合物を逆抽出剤として用いれば、後記の表
に示しているように100 ％の逆抽出が可能である。After the mercury is extracted from the aqueous phase to the organic solvent phase by the mercury extraction reagent of the present invention, the mercury is extracted again from the organic solvent phase to the aqueous phase to concentrate the mercury. Dissolve. As such a back extractor, an anion that forms a stable complex ion with mercury may be dissolved in water. As such an aqueous solution, an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, ammonium thiocyanate, thiocyanate such as sodium thiocyanate, and thiourea can be considered. However,
In the case of alkyl thiols, back extraction can be performed with a high concentration of hydrochloric acid, but in this case it is inconvenient for actual operation in that a very high concentration of acid needs to be used. As a functional group for trapping mercury ions like the novel extractant of the present invention, a sulfur atom (= S) and a thiol group (-SH) are used.
If a mixture of thiourea and hydrochloric acid is used as a back-extracting agent for mercury from the extractant having 100%, a 100-percent back-extracting is possible as shown in the table below.
（実施例） 水銀を含有する塩化物溶液（アルキルチオール化合物の
媒は塩化ナトリウムと塩酸の混合溶液を用いた。他の抽
出剤の場合は塩酸である）に各種抽出剤を接触させて抽
出百分率を測定した結果を第１図に示す。縦軸は水銀の
抽出百分率E(%)を示し、横軸は塩化物イオン濃度の対数
値ｌog[Cl-〕（mol/dm3）である。(Example) Extraction percentage was obtained by contacting a chloride solution containing mercury (a medium of an alkylthiol compound was a mixed solution of sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid; hydrochloric acid in the case of other extractants) with various extractants. The result of the measurement is shown in FIG. The vertical axis represents the extraction percentage E (%) of mercury, and the horizontal axis represents the logarithm of the chloride ion concentration, log [Cl − ] (mol / dm 3 ).
ここで言う抽出百分率とは、最初に水相中に存在した水
銀が有機相中に抽出された割合を言う。なお水銀の分析
法としては、水銀濃度が100 ppm以上の場合は、エリオ
クロームブラックＴを指示薬とするキレート滴定法を用
い、水銀濃度が100ppm以下の場合には原子吸光分析法を
用いた。The extraction percentage here means the ratio of mercury that was initially present in the aqueous phase to the organic phase. As a mercury analysis method, a chelate titration method using Eriochrome Black T as an indicator was used when the mercury concentration was 100 ppm or more, and an atomic absorption spectrometry was used when the mercury concentration was 100 ppm or less.
抽出剤としては次のものを使用した。The following was used as the extractant.
(1)ジヘキシルスルフィド(C6H13SC6H13):0.01mol/dm3の
1,2-ジクロロエタン溶液（図中のΔ印） (2)1,2-ビス（ヘキシルチオ）エタン(C6H13SC2H4SC
6H13):0.01mol/dm3の1,2-ジクロロエタン溶液（図中の
□印） (3)2-エチル(2-イソブチルチオメチル)ブタンチオール
の1,2-ジクロロエタン溶液（図中の●印、本発明の実施
例） 塩化物イオンと水銀は非常に安定な鎖体を生成するの
で、水銀の抽出を著しく阻害する。ジヘキシルスルフィ
ドによる抽出は、0.01mol/dm3の抽出剤濃度では、水銀
の抽出はみられなかった。一方、1,2-ビス（ヘキシルチ
オ）エタンによる抽出の場合には、塩化物イオンの濃度
が高くなるにつれて、抽出率が著しく減少している。し
かしながら、本発明で使用する抽出剤、2-エチル(2-イ
ソブチルチオメチル)ブタンチオールによれば水銀の抽
出が非常に困難であるかなりの高濃度の塩化物溶液中か
らも、水銀を効率的に抽出することができる。(1) Dihexyl sulfide (C 6 H 13 SC 6 H 13 ): 0.01 mol / dm 3
1,2-Dichloroethane solution (marked Δ in the figure) (2) 1,2-bis (hexylthio) ethane (C 6 H 13 SC 2 H 4 SC
6 H 13 ): 0.01 mol / dm 3 1,2-dichloroethane solution (marked with □ in the figure) (3) 2-ethyl (2-isobutylthiomethyl) butanethiol solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (see figure) ●, Example of the present invention) Chloride ions and mercury form very stable chains, which significantly inhibits extraction of mercury. The extraction with dihexyl sulfide did not show the extraction of mercury at an extractant concentration of 0.01 mol / dm 3 . On the other hand, in the case of extraction with 1,2-bis (hexylthio) ethane, the extraction rate remarkably decreased as the concentration of chloride ions increased. However, the extraction agent used in the present invention, 2-ethyl (2-isobutylthiomethyl) butanethiol, makes it very difficult to extract mercury even from a highly concentrated chloride solution in which extraction of mercury is very difficult. Can be extracted.
すなわち、第１図に示した他の二種類の抽出剤は塩化物
イオン濃度が１mol/dm3（log[Cl-]＝０）の塩化物溶液
中からでは、せいぜい20％以下の抽出百分率しか与えな
い。これに対し本発明の抽出剤は、塩化物イオンの高濃
度領域でも80％以上の抽出百分率を与えている。That is, other two extractants shown in Figure 1 is 1 mol / dm 3 is chloride ion concentration (log [Cl -] = 0 ) than from the chloride solution in, at most 20% or less of the extracted percentage Do not give. On the other hand, the extractant of the present invention gives an extraction percentage of 80% or more even in the high concentration region of chloride ions.
このように、第１図は、本発明の水銀抽出試薬がいかに
強力な水銀抽出能力を持つかを如実に示している。Thus, FIG. 1 shows how the mercury extraction reagent of the present invention has a strong mercury extraction ability.
また、下記表に示す各逆抽出剤の水溶液を使用し、本発
明の2-エチル（2-イソブチルチオメチル）ブタンチオー
ルを含有する有機溶媒相（水銀抽出後）から上記水溶液
への水銀の逆抽出を行った。その結果、下記表に示す結
果を得た。即ち、塩酸とチオ尿素との混合水溶液によっ
て水銀の逆抽出を行うと、100 ％の逆抽出が可能となり
ことが証明された。In addition, by using an aqueous solution of each back-extracting agent shown in the following table, the reverse of mercury from the organic solvent phase (after mercury extraction) containing 2-ethyl (2-isobutylthiomethyl) butanethiol of the present invention to the above-mentioned aqueous solution. Extraction was performed. As a result, the results shown in the table below were obtained. That is, it was proved that 100% of the back-extraction was possible when the back-extraction of mercury was carried out with a mixed aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and thiourea.
第１図は、従来の抽出試薬による水銀の抽出性能と、本
発明の抽出試薬による水銀の抽出性能を比較するグラフ
である。FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the extraction performance of mercury with the conventional extraction reagent and the extraction performance of mercury with the extraction reagent of the present invention.
Claims (5)
アルキルチオール化合物を水銀抽出試薬として含有する
有機溶媒相を接触させ、これにより前記水相から水銀を
分離して有機溶媒相へと抽出することを特徴とする、水
相から水銀を分離する方法。 （式中、R1，R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立に、少なくとも
２個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、シクロアルキル
基、置換若しくは末置換のアリール基、又は置換若しく
は末置換のアラルキル基を示す）1. An organic solvent phase containing an alkylthiol compound represented by the following formula as a mercury extraction reagent is brought into contact with an aqueous phase containing mercury, whereby mercury is separated from the aqueous phase to form an organic solvent phase. And a method for separating mercury from an aqueous phase, which comprises: (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently an alkyl group having at least 2 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted or terminal substituted aryl group, or a substituted or terminal substituted aralkyl group. Show)
(2- イソブチルチオメチル)ブタンチオールである、請
求項１記載の水相から水銀を分離する方法。2. The alkylthiol compound is 2-ethyl
The method for separating mercury from an aqueous phase according to claim 1, which is (2-isobutylthiomethyl) butanethiol.
オンを含有する、請求項１又は２記載の水相から水銀を
分離する方法。3. The method for separating mercury from an aqueous phase according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous phase containing mercury further contains chloride ions.
ル(2- イソブチルチオメチル)ブタンチオールを使用
し、前記水相から水銀を分離して前記有機溶媒相へと抽
出した後、チオ尿素と塩酸とが溶解された混合水溶液を
前記有機溶媒相に対して接触させ、これによりこの有機
溶媒相から前記混合水溶液へと水銀を抽出する、請求項
１記載の水相から水銀を分離する方法。4. 2-Ethyl (2-isobutylthiomethyl) butanethiol is used as the alkylthiol compound, and mercury is separated from the aqueous phase and extracted into the organic solvent phase, followed by addition of thiourea and hydrochloric acid. The method for separating mercury from an aqueous phase according to claim 1, wherein a mixed aqueous solution in which is dissolved is brought into contact with the organic solvent phase, thereby extracting mercury from the organic solvent phase into the mixed aqueous solution.
めに用いる水銀抽出試薬であって、下記式で表される水
銀抽出試薬。 （式中、R1，R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立に、少なくとも
２個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、シクロアルキル
基、置換若しくは末置換のアリール基、又は置換若しく
は末置換のアラルキル基を示す）5. A mercury extraction reagent used for separating mercury from an aqueous phase containing mercury, which is represented by the following formula. (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently an alkyl group having at least 2 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted or terminal substituted aryl group, or a substituted or terminal substituted aralkyl group. Show)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2287298A JPH0637295B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Method for separating mercury from aqueous phase and mercury extraction reagent used therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2287298A JPH0637295B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Method for separating mercury from aqueous phase and mercury extraction reagent used therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04164817A JPH04164817A (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| JPH0637295B2 true JPH0637295B2 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
Family
ID=17715568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2287298A Expired - Lifetime JPH0637295B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Method for separating mercury from aqueous phase and mercury extraction reagent used therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0637295B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10336534A1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-24 | Stockhausen Gmbh | Process to remove heavy metals from industrial liquid effluent arising from one- or two-stage sulfur dioxide gas washers by admixture of flocculent to sludge |
| CN113072154A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-06 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Treatment method and application of coalescence demercuration of mercury-containing wastewater |
-
1990
- 1990-10-26 JP JP2287298A patent/JPH0637295B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04164817A (en) | 1992-06-10 |
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