JPH063427B2 - Ion sensor manufacturing method - Google Patents
Ion sensor manufacturing methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH063427B2 JPH063427B2 JP60038323A JP3832385A JPH063427B2 JP H063427 B2 JPH063427 B2 JP H063427B2 JP 60038323 A JP60038323 A JP 60038323A JP 3832385 A JP3832385 A JP 3832385A JP H063427 B2 JPH063427 B2 JP H063427B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ion
- sensitive
- film
- ion sensor
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes
- G01N27/3335—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes the membrane containing at least one organic component
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （イ）産業上の利用分野 この発明は、イオンセンサの製造方法に関する。さらに
詳しくは、有機高分子をイオン感応物質のマトリツクス
としてなり、電解質中での所定のイオンを選択的に検知
でき、一般化学分析や生化学分析の分野において有用な
イオンセンサの製造方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an ion sensor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing an ion sensor, in which an organic polymer is used as a matrix of an ion sensitive substance and a predetermined ion in an electrolyte can be selectively detected, which is useful in the fields of general chemical analysis and biochemical analysis.
（ロ）従来技術 イオン選択性電極(ISE)やイオン選択性電界効果型トラ
ンジスタ(IS−FET)のごときイオンセンサの感応面上に
形成されるイオン感応膜として、従来からポリ塩化ビニ
ル等の疎水性有機高分子をベースとし、これにジブチル
フタレート(DBP)、ジプロピルフタレート(DPP)オルトニ
トロフエニルオクチルエーテル(NPOE)などの可塑剤を適
宜加えると共に、バリノマイシン、大環状ポリエーテル
誘導体等のイオン感応物質を混合した膜が知られてい
る。かかる有機高分子からなるイオン感応膜は、通常、
各成分を低沸点有機溶媒に溶解し、この溶液を例えばデ
イツプコート法やスピンコート法で所定のイオンセンサ
の感応面に塗布した後、乾燥して溶媒を蒸発させること
により造膜を行つて作製されている。(B) Conventional technology Conventionally, as an ion sensitive film formed on the sensitive surface of an ion sensor such as an ion selective electrode (ISE) or an ion selective field effect transistor (IS-FET), a hydrophobic material such as polyvinyl chloride has been used. -Based organic polymers, to which plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP) ortho-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) are added as appropriate, and valinomycin, macrocyclic polyether derivative and other ions are added. Membranes containing a sensitive material are known. The ion-sensitive film made of such an organic polymer is usually
It is prepared by dissolving each component in a low boiling point organic solvent, applying this solution to the sensitive surface of a predetermined ion sensor by, for example, a dip coating method or a spin coating method, then drying and evaporating the solvent to form a film. ing.
しかしながらかかる方法で作製されたイオン感応膜を有
するイオンセンサにおいては、蛋白質等の該感応膜表面
への吸着に基づく感応誤差や応答性の劣化が生じ易く、
ことに全血、血清試料等の生化学試料を対象とする際に
大きな問題となつている。However, in an ion sensor having an ion-sensitive membrane produced by such a method, a sensitivity error or responsiveness deterioration due to adsorption of a protein or the like on the surface of the sensitive membrane is likely to occur,
In particular, this is a big problem when targeting biochemical samples such as whole blood and serum samples.
（ハ）発明の目的 この発明は、上記のごとき従来の問題点を解消すべくな
されたものであり、応答性及び耐久性が良好で、ことに
試料中に共存する蛋白質の吸着による電位応答への妨害
や劣化などの悪影響が解消されたイオンセンサの製造方
法を提供しようとするものである。(C) Purpose of the invention The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has good responsiveness and durability, and in particular, to potential response due to adsorption of proteins coexisting in a sample. The present invention is intended to provide a method for manufacturing an ion sensor in which adverse effects such as interference and deterioration of the ion are eliminated.
本発明者らは、蛋白質等による悪影響は、基本的に従来
法で作製されたイオン感応膜の表面に固有に存在する微
小な凹凸に起因し、これらが蛋白質等の高分子物質の好
適な吸着部として機能するために生じるものと考察し、
この観点から鋭意検討及び研究を行うことによりこの発
明に到達した。The present inventors have found that the adverse effects of proteins and the like are basically due to minute irregularities uniquely present on the surface of the ion-sensitive membrane prepared by the conventional method, and these are suitable for adsorption of polymeric substances such as proteins. I think that it occurs because it functions as a department,
The present invention has been achieved through intensive studies and research from this viewpoint.
（ニ）発明の構成 かくしてこの発明によれば、少なくとも有機高分子及び
イオン感応物質を含有する揮発性溶媒溶液を感応面上に
塗布し、感応面方向に慣性力を付与した状態下で揮発性
溶媒溶液の塗膜を乾燥させることにより感応膜を造膜す
ることを特徴とするイオンセンサの製造方法が提供され
る。(D) Structure of the Invention Thus, according to the present invention, a volatile solvent solution containing at least an organic polymer and an ion-sensitive substance is applied onto the sensitive surface, and is volatile under the condition that an inertial force is applied in the direction of the sensitive surface. There is provided a method for manufacturing an ion sensor, which comprises forming a sensitive film by drying a coating film of a solvent solution.
この発明の最も特徴とする点は、イオン感応膜を前記の
ごとく溶液塗布法により造膜するに際し、溶液の塗膜を
感応面方向に慣性力を付与させた状態下で溶剤を蒸発さ
せる点にある。ここで慣性力を付与させた状態とは、見
かけ上外部から応力を加えることなく該塗膜に感応面方
向への力を付与させた状態を意味し、より具体的には遠
心力による圧縮力を付与させた状態等を意味する。この
ような感応面方向への慣性力を与えながら溶媒を蒸発さ
せることにより、単なる塗布乾燥による感応膜に比して
表面が極めて平滑でイオン感応膜が得られ、蛋白質等の
付着による悪影響が著しく減少されたイオンセンサを簡
便に得ることができる。さらに、上記この発明のイオン
感応膜は造膜時に感応面に対して実質的に垂直な方向に
応力がかけられるため感応面に対する密着性が優れてお
り、かつ気泡等の混入も生じ難いため、センサ作製にお
ける歩溜りも改善されたものである。The most characteristic point of this invention is that, when the ion-sensitive film is formed by the solution coating method as described above, the solvent is evaporated under the condition that inertial force is applied to the coating film of the solution in the direction of the sensitive surface. is there. Here, the state of applying an inertial force means a state in which a force in the sensitive surface direction is applied to the coating film without apparently applying a stress from the outside, more specifically, a compressive force by a centrifugal force. Means a state in which is given. By evaporating the solvent while applying such an inertial force in the direction of the sensitive surface, the surface is extremely smooth and an ion sensitive film is obtained as compared with a sensitive film simply by coating and drying, and the adverse effect of the adhesion of proteins etc. is remarkable. A reduced ion sensor can be easily obtained. Further, the ion-sensitive film of the present invention has excellent adhesion to the sensitive surface because stress is applied in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sensitive surface during film formation, and since bubbles and the like are unlikely to be mixed, The yield in sensor fabrication is also improved.
この発明の製造方法が適用できるイオンセンサはISEやI
S-FETのいずれのタイプのもであつてもよく少なくとも
平面状もしくは緩やかな曲面状の感応面を有するもので
あればよい。またこのイオンセンサは測定流路や測定装
置に組込まれた形態（例えば、フロースルー型）のもの
であつてもよく、参照電極と一体化されていてもよい。The ion sensor to which the manufacturing method of the present invention can be applied is ISE or I
It may be any type of S-FET, as long as it has at least a flat or gently curved sensitive surface. Further, this ion sensor may have a form (for example, a flow-through type) incorporated in a measurement flow path or a measurement device, or may be integrated with a reference electrode.
この発明に適用されるイオン感応膜のベースとなる有機
高分子としては、疎水性のポリマーが種々挙げられ、こ
れらには可塑剤等の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。好適
な有機高分子としては、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリメタクリ
ル酸メチル等が挙げられ、可塑剤としてはフタル酸エス
テル類やフエニルエーテル類が挙げられる。一方、この
発明におけるイオン感応物質としては、意図するイオン
選択性に応じて種々のものを適用することができ、例え
ば、ニユートラルキヤリアーとして知られたバリノマイ
シン、ノナクチン、グラミシジン、クラウンエーテル類
などや第４級アンモニウム基含有化合物、スルホネート
基含有化合物などが挙げられる。Examples of the organic polymer serving as the base of the ion-sensitive membrane applied to the present invention include various hydrophobic polymers, which may contain additives such as plasticizers. Suitable organic polymers include polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, and the like, and plasticizers include phthalic acid esters and phenyl ethers. On the other hand, as the ion-sensitive substance in the present invention, various substances can be applied depending on the intended ion selectivity, and examples thereof include valinomycin, nonactin, gramicidin, crown ethers and the like known as Neutral carrier. Examples thereof include quaternary ammonium group-containing compounds and sulfonate group-containing compounds.
上記のごときイオン感応膜構成成分は所定の比率で揮発
性溶媒に溶解される。この際の溶液の濃度は形成させる
イオン感応膜の厚みに応じて適宜決定される。通常、有
機高分子の濃度として１５〜４０重量％濃度が適してい
る。この際の揮発性溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノ
ール、ＴＨＦ等の常温放置下で充分に蒸発しうる比較的
低沸点の有機溶媒が適している。The constituent components of the ion-sensitive membrane as described above are dissolved in a volatile solvent in a predetermined ratio. The concentration of the solution at this time is appropriately determined according to the thickness of the ion-sensitive film to be formed. Usually, a concentration of 15 to 40% by weight is suitable as the concentration of the organic polymer. As the volatile solvent at this time, an organic solvent having a relatively low boiling point, such as methanol, ethanol, or THF, which can sufficiently evaporate at room temperature, is suitable.
かかる溶媒溶液をイオンセンサの感応面にハケ塗り、デ
イツピング、滴加等により塗布して該溶液の塗膜をまず
形成し、感応面方向に慣性力を付与させつつ溶媒の蒸発
を進行させる。この際、イオンセンサ又はその感応面を
構成する基材の遠心手段（例えば遠心機等）によつて回
転運動させて慣性力を付与させることが好ましい。この
場合、回転軸に対して溶液塗膜が内側に位置し感応面が
外側に位置するように設定することを要する。この回転
操作を常温常圧の開放下で行うことにより溶媒の蒸発が
行われて意図するイオン感応膜が形成される。溶媒の蒸
発（乾燥）は、もちろん減圧下や加熱下で行つてもよ
い。あるいは場合によつては窒素雰囲気下で行つてもよ
い。また、付与させる慣性力の程度は、溶液の熱度等に
よつても異なるが、通常、回転半径5〜20cm、回転速度1
000〜10000rpmの遠心力に相当する慣性力を付与させる
のが適している。また、乾燥時間は、蒸発させる溶媒に
よつても異なるが、通常１〜１０分程度で充分である。
なお、かかる塗布形成操作を繰返して所望厚みに調整し
てもよい。The solvent solution is applied to the sensitive surface of the ion sensor by brushing, dipping, dropping or the like to first form a coating film of the solution, and evaporation of the solvent proceeds while applying inertial force in the direction of the sensitive surface. At this time, it is preferable to rotate the ion sensor or the substrate constituting the sensitive surface thereof by a centrifugal means (for example, a centrifuge or the like) to give an inertial force. In this case, it is necessary to set such that the solution coating film is located inside and the sensitive surface is located outside with respect to the rotation axis. By performing this rotation operation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the solvent is evaporated and the intended ion-sensitive film is formed. The evaporation (drying) of the solvent may of course be performed under reduced pressure or heating. Alternatively, it may be carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in some cases. Further, the degree of inertial force to be applied varies depending on the heat degree of the solution, etc., but normally, the radius of gyration is 5 to 20 cm, and the rotation speed is 1
It is suitable to apply an inertial force equivalent to a centrifugal force of 0000 to 10000 rpm. Further, the drying time is usually about 1 to 10 minutes, though it varies depending on the solvent to be evaporated.
The coating and forming operation may be repeated to adjust the thickness to a desired value.
（ホ）実施例 Ｋ＋イオン感応物質として、ドデシルメチルビス−１５
−クラウン−５（下式） を用いてイオン感応膜の作製を行つた。まず、ドデシル
メチルビス−15−クラウン−5(1.2wt％）、ポリ塩化ビ
ニル(27.3wt％）、可塑剤としてのセバシン酸ジ（２−
エチルヘキシル）(71.4wt％）からなるＫ+ -感応性混合
物１５０mgを0.5mlのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)に溶解さ
せた。この溶液を第２図に示すごとき、Ｌ字型固定具
（２；金属製）の一方の内壁面に両面テープで固定した
シリコンウエハ（12；イオンセンサ基材，７×７mm）の
表面に滴加した。これを、該溶液の膜からシリコンウエ
ハの表面方向に垂直に遠心力がかかるように遠心分離器
中に固定し、回転半径１００mm，回転数５０００rpmで
５分間回転を行つた。これにより溶液の塗膜がウエハ表
面全面に広がると共に溶液中の溶媒が蒸発されて、シリ
コンウエハ(12)の表面に表面平滑性の優れた薄膜状のＫ
+ -感応膜が得られた。この造膜操作を３回繰返して厚み
約５００μｍのＫ+ -感応膜を形成させた後、ウエハをと
りはずし、これを第１図のごときフロースルー型のイオ
ン電極装置(1)に組み込んで電位応答に対する蛋白質の
影響を調べた。なお図中、(11)カリウムイオン選択性電
極部、(12)は参照電極部、(13)はAg/AgCl2内部極、(14)
は140mM NaClと4mMKCl水溶液からなる内部液、(15)は参
照電極用内部液流路、(16)は排液流路、(17)は試料流路
をそれぞれ示すものである。(E) Example Dodecylmethylbis-15 was used as the K + ion-sensitive substance.
-Crown-5 (the following formula) An ion-sensitive film was prepared using. First, dodecylmethylbis-15-crown-5 (1.2 wt%), polyvinyl chloride (27.3 wt%), and di (2- sebacic acid) as a plasticizer.
K + consists ethylhexyl) (71.4wt%) - was dissolved sensitive mixture 150mg in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in 0.5 ml. As shown in FIG. 2, this solution is dripped onto the surface of a silicon wafer (12; ion sensor substrate, 7 × 7 mm) fixed on one inner wall surface of an L-shaped fixture (2; metal) with double-sided tape. Added This was fixed in a centrifuge so that centrifugal force was applied perpendicularly to the surface direction of the silicon wafer from the film of the solution, and rotation was carried out for 5 minutes at a radius of gyration of 100 mm and a rotation speed of 5000 rpm. As a result, the coating film of the solution spreads over the entire surface of the wafer and the solvent in the solution evaporates, and a thin film K having excellent surface smoothness is formed on the surface of the silicon wafer (12).
+ - sensitive film was obtained. The repeated film formation operation three times K + with a thickness of about 500 [mu] m - after forming a sensitive film, Remove the wafer, potential response by incorporating it into a such a first diagram flow-through ion electrode apparatus (1) The effect of protein on the was investigated. In the figure, (11) potassium ion selective electrode part, (12) reference electrode part, (13) Ag / AgCl 2 inner electrode, (14)
Is an internal liquid consisting of 140 mM NaCl and 4 mM KCl aqueous solution, (15) is a reference electrode internal liquid flow path, (16) is a drainage flow path, and (17) is a sample flow path.
試験は、１４０mM NaCl，4mM KClの混合水溶液を試料と
して測定した時の電位と、その混合水溶液にアルブミン
を添加（６０ｇ／；生体液中では３３〜５５ｇ／）
した時の電位を測定することにより行つた。この結果を
比較例と共に第３図に示した。なお、比較例は遠心力を
付与させない以外同様な条件下でスピンコート法により
塗布及び乾燥を行つた同様な膜厚のイオン感応膜を用い
たものである。In the test, the potential when a mixed aqueous solution of 140 mM NaCl and 4 mM KCl was measured as a sample, and albumin was added to the mixed aqueous solution (60 g /; 33-55 g / in biological fluid).
It was carried out by measuring the electric potential at the time. The results are shown in FIG. 3 together with the comparative example. In the comparative example, an ion-sensitive film having a similar film thickness was used, which was applied and dried by spin coating under the same conditions except that centrifugal force was not applied.
このように、単に塗布、乾燥して造膜した場合（比較
例）には、約2mVの電位のずれが観測され、これは、4mM
のＫ+濃度に対し、約８％の誤差に相当するものであ
る。これに対し遠心力を付与させた状態下で造膜させた
膜を用いたこの発明により製造されるイオンセンサにお
いては、電位のずれは、0.8mVと著しく低減されてお
り、しかも安定であり、蛋白による悪影響が非常に減少
されていることがわかる。Thus, in the case of simply coating, drying and forming a film (Comparative Example), a potential shift of about 2 mV was observed, which was 4 mM.
This corresponds to an error of about 8% with respect to the K + concentration of. On the other hand, in the ion sensor manufactured by the present invention using the film formed under the condition that centrifugal force is applied, the potential shift is significantly reduced to 0.8 mV, and is stable, It can be seen that the adverse effects of proteins are greatly reduced.
（ホ）発明の効果 この発明により製造されるイオンセンサは、試料中の蛋
白質等による電位応答への妨害や応答性劣化が著しく抑
制されたものであり、従来に比して高性能でかつ長寿命
であるという利点を備えたものである。従つて、ことに
生化学試料中のイオン測定用として有用である。さらに
この発明により製造されるイオンセンサはイオン感応膜
とセンサ感応面との密着性も優れておりかつ気泡混入な
どもなく、かかる点からも従来のセンサに比して有利で
ある。(E) Effect of the Invention The ion sensor manufactured according to the present invention has significantly suppressed interference with the potential response and deterioration of responsiveness due to proteins and the like in the sample. It has the advantage of a lifetime. Therefore, it is particularly useful for measuring ions in biochemical samples. Further, the ion sensor manufactured according to the present invention has excellent adhesion between the ion-sensitive film and the sensor-sensitive surface and is free from bubbles, which is advantageous in comparison with the conventional sensor.
第１図は、この発明により製造されるイオンセンサから
なるフロースルー型のイオン電極装置の一例を示す構成
説明図、第２図はこの発明により製造されるイオンセン
サのイオン感応膜の作製工程を説明するための斜視図、
第３図はこの発明により製造されるイオンセンサの効果
を比較例と共に示すグラフである。 (11)…カリウムイオン選択性電極部、 (12)…シリコンウエハ、 (12′)…イオン感応膜を形成したシリコンウエハ、 (13)…Ag/AgCl内部極、 (14)…内部液。FIG. 1 is a structural explanatory view showing an example of a flow-through type ion electrode device comprising an ion sensor manufactured according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a process for producing an ion-sensitive film of the ion sensor manufactured according to the present invention. A perspective view for explaining,
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the ion sensor manufactured according to the present invention together with a comparative example. (11) ... Potassium ion-selective electrode part, (12) ... Silicon wafer, (12 ') ... Silicon wafer on which ion sensitive film is formed, (13) ... Ag / AgCl inner electrode, (14) ... Internal liquid.
Claims (2)
を含有する揮発性溶媒溶液を感応面上に塗布し、感応面
方向に慣性力を付与した状態下で揮発性溶媒溶液の塗膜
を乾燥させることにより感応膜を造膜することを特徴と
するイオンセンサの製造方法。1. A volatile solvent solution containing at least an organic polymer and an ion-sensitive substance is applied onto a sensitive surface, and a coating film of the volatile solvent solution is dried under a state where inertial force is applied in the direction of the sensitive surface. A method for manufacturing an ion sensor, which comprises forming a sensitive film by doing so.
れてなる特許請求の範囲第１項記載のイオンセンサの製
造方法。2. The method for producing an ion sensor according to claim 1, wherein the inertial force is applied by applying a centrifugal force.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60038323A JPH063427B2 (en) | 1985-02-27 | 1985-02-27 | Ion sensor manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60038323A JPH063427B2 (en) | 1985-02-27 | 1985-02-27 | Ion sensor manufacturing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61196157A JPS61196157A (en) | 1986-08-30 |
| JPH063427B2 true JPH063427B2 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
Family
ID=12522073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60038323A Expired - Lifetime JPH063427B2 (en) | 1985-02-27 | 1985-02-27 | Ion sensor manufacturing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH063427B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3869709D1 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1992-05-07 | Moeller Willi Ag | ION SELECTIVE PART OF DEVICES FOR DETERMINING THE ION CONCENTRATIONS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYMER MATERIALS HAVING HYDROPHILE GROUPS. |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53149397A (en) * | 1977-06-01 | 1978-12-26 | Kuraray Co | Enzymic electrode |
| JPS5626252A (en) * | 1979-08-10 | 1981-03-13 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Film for enzyme electrode |
-
1985
- 1985-02-27 JP JP60038323A patent/JPH063427B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61196157A (en) | 1986-08-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4273636A (en) | Selective chemical sensitive field effect transistor transducers | |
| US5286365A (en) | Graphite-based solid state polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes | |
| US7348183B2 (en) | Self-contained microelectrochemical bioassay platforms and methods | |
| Pranitis et al. | Potentiometric ion-, gas-, and bio-selective membrane electrodes | |
| JP2003533694A (en) | Ion-selective solid-state polymer membrane electrode | |
| JP2008517262A (en) | Voltammetric ion sensor | |
| US5531870A (en) | Potentiometric ion determinations using enhanced selectivity asymmetric ion-selective membranes | |
| GB2030358A (en) | Ion selective-field-effect sensor | |
| Ha et al. | A polymeric junction membrane for solid-state reference electrodes | |
| AU2001247614B2 (en) | Lithium ion-selective electrode for clinical applications | |
| Shin et al. | ISFET-based differential pCO2 sensors employing a low-resistance gas-permeable membrane | |
| KR900000578B1 (en) | Enzyme sensor | |
| JPH063427B2 (en) | Ion sensor manufacturing method | |
| Lim et al. | Protein adsorption to planar electrochemical sensors and sensor materials | |
| JPS59164952A (en) | Fet ion sensor | |
| Dror et al. | Potassium ion-selective electrodes based on valinomycin/PVC overlayered solid substrates | |
| Díaz-Villavicencio et al. | Vancomycin selective electrode based on molecularly imprinted polymer | |
| EP0241991A2 (en) | Field effect transistor having a membrane overlying the gate insulator | |
| Cosofret et al. | Electroanalytical and surface characterization of encapsulated implantable membrane planar microsensors | |
| CA2073107A1 (en) | Capacitively measuring chemical sensor system | |
| JPS58167951A (en) | Chlorine ion sensor | |
| CN114787617B (en) | Method for preparing a polymer membrane for the potential detection of analytes present in a fluid | |
| KR100196111B1 (en) | Composite for forming anion-selective membrane and anion sensor using the membrane | |
| KR0185781B1 (en) | Composition for chlorine ion sensor and membrane therefrom | |
| JPS63243860A (en) | Surfactant sensor |