JPH06336838A - Construction of standardized apartment house - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rationalize a skeleton work and reduce a construction cost. CONSTITUTION:Supporting member for supporting forms 19 are functionally classified into general supports 21a which are disassembled earlier and supports 21b for curing which are left later. Only supports for curing are left and other general supports and forms are diassembled earlier in the floor right under the concrete-placing floor. The earlier disassembled general supports and forms are transferred to the right upper construction floor to be reused immediately. The supports for curing are left as they are, until the skeleton work on the right upper construction floor is completed and disassembled at the time of two-floor higher skeleton work and transferred thereto to be reused there.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for constructing an apartment house such as a condominium, which is a building in which a plurality of dwelling units are assembled to form one building, and in particular, a standard for drastically reducing the construction cost. The present invention relates to a suitable construction method to be applied when constructing a type apartment house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, an apartment house commonly referred to as a condominium in Japan is a building in which a plurality of dwelling units are assembled to form one building and is usually made of reinforced concrete or steel reinforced concrete. It is built as a middle- or high-rise building. Condominiums in Japan as described above have been constructed as homes for the purpose of highly utilizing land in response to skyrocketing land prices, and for meeting the demand for close proximity to work and residence in response to the expansion of urban areas.
It has spread rapidly since the latter half of the 1980s and has become established as a form of housing for sale in cities.

[0003]

By the way, in recent years, the prices of condominiums constructed especially in large cities have tended to rise significantly. This is not only due to the direct cause that the abnormal rise in land prices in recent years affected the sale price, but also against the background of the diversification of values and consciousness of condominium buyers for housing and improvement of living standards. Conspicuous apartments are gradually disliked, and there are many reasons that the aim is to raise the quality of apartments.
In other words, even though a condominium is a “housing complex,” each dwelling unit that composes it is a unique “housing” that is independent of the others.
In addition, a high-grade "house" as a place of rich living is desired, and in order to meet such demand, a variety of dwelling units with different areas, floor plans, grades are mixed, Moreover, apartments with a high-class image are common.

In connection with this, also in the technical aspect of building a condominium, as the condominium construction has become a production form of "high-quality, high-mix low-volume production" as described above, It was inevitable that the design and construction of condominiums would have to be extremely complicated, complicated, and sophisticated, which would lead to an increase in construction costs.

Although not limited to the case of condominium construction, in general, the construction of a building requires that workers of many occupations perform a wide variety of work directly on site and sometimes in a complicated state. Is done by. And even though such field work is much more rationalized, streamlined, mechanized, and automated than in the past, its production form is almost the same as that in other production factories that are completely automated. It can't be said that it is still in a very inadequate stage without making a comparison with the production process, and there is room for improvement in many respects. Moreover, especially in recent years, not only is there a chronic shortage of skilled workers, but also because young workers are reluctant to take on-site work and are difficult to settle, personnel costs of on-site workers are increasing, In addition, prices of various construction materials are constantly rising, which also prevents reductions in condominium construction costs and is a cause of the skyrocketing condominium sales prices.

From the above, measures for reducing the construction cost of condominiums are being sought, but the actual situation is that no concrete and effective ones have been provided yet.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can realize a construction method capable of constructing a standard apartment house at a low cost in order to contribute to the reduction of the condominium sales price, and particularly a rational construction work. The purpose is to provide an effective construction method.

[0008]

According to the present invention, a large number of dwelling units are continuous in the left-right direction by having three or more floors and arranging a plurality of dwelling units so that they are adjacent to each other. Method for constructing a standard-type condominium that is provided vertically and vertically, and at least the upper and lower dwelling units of the many dwelling units have the same plan and elevation plans Therefore, the skeletons of each floor are sequentially constructed from the lower floor to the upper floor, and the formwork for forming the skeleton of each floor and the supporting structure for supporting it are sequentially transferred to the upper floor. Therefore, when constructing the skeleton on a given floor, some of the support work installed directly below the construction floor should be left as curing support work and other support should be carried out. Engineering and formwork And then transfer them to this construction floor, dismantle the supporting works that were left behind as the curing support work on the second floor below this construction floor, transfer them to this construction floor, and form them. It is characterized by carrying out formwork construction on this construction floor using the and shoring works.

[0009]

[Operation] According to the construction method of the present invention, the skeletons of each floor are sequentially constructed from the lower floor to the upper floor, and at the same time, the formwork materials such as the formwork and supporting works used on each floor are dismantled. Are sequentially transferred to the upper floors and repeatedly diverted. In particular, the general support work that dismantles the support work that supports the formwork at an early stage, and the support work for curing that is left behind after that. It is functionally divided into, and in the floor directly below the concrete pouring floor, only the supporting structure for curing is left and other general supporting structure and formwork are dismantled early. And
General supporting works and formwork that were dismantled at an early stage are transferred to the construction floor immediately above and immediately diverted there, but the curing support work is left as it is until the construction work on the construction floor immediately above is completed. It is dismantled at the stage of the construction work on the upper floors of the upper floors and transferred to the construction floor of the upper floors of the second floor, where it is diverted.

[0010]

EXAMPLE An example of the method of the present invention will be described below.
Prior to that, an example of a standard type apartment house constructed by the method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
The standard-type apartment house is a steel-framed reinforced concrete structure in which the steel frame is used only in the low-rise building and is constructed by the cast-in-place method.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the housing complex of this embodiment is provided with four elevators 7 and stairs 8 associated with each elevator 7, and these elevators 7 and stairs 8 are provided. Housing units 3 and 3 are arranged on both sides of the shared portion 9 provided. That is, this apartment
This is a so-called 2-door 1-elevator (or 2-door 1-stair) type where the common corridor on each floor is omitted.
Moreover, the plane shape of the entire housing complex is a simple rectangle (horizontally long rectangular shape), and the elevation shape is also a simple quadrangle.

The dwelling units 3 are sequentially arranged adjacent to each floor, and the plan on the ground floor is common from the first floor to the top floor. Therefore, the dwelling units 3 are sequentially adjacent in the left-right direction. In addition, they are arranged one on top of the other in the vertical direction. Further, not only the floor plan but also the elevation plan, that is, the floor height of each floor, the height of the ceiling in each dwelling unit 3, the position and size of the openings such as windows, etc. are common to each floor.

The dwelling units 3 on each floor are basically of a similar plan, but due to differences in details, A-type dwelling units 3a located in the center and B-type dwelling units adjacent to them 3b and a C-type dwelling unit 3c located on the wife's side, which are divided into three types, and a left-right inverted type is set for each. And the dwelling units 3 that are adjacent to each floor are not necessarily the same type, but since the floor plan of each floor is common to all floors, the dwelling units 3 that overlap vertically are of the same type. Has become. That is, the upper and lower sides of the A type dwelling unit 3a are also the A type dwelling units 3a, and the upper and lower sides of the B type and C type dwelling units 3b and 3c are the B type and C type dwelling units 3b and 3c, respectively. is there.

In the above-mentioned standard type apartment house constructed as described above, each living building has the simplest rectangular parallelepiped appearance, and the ground floor with the dwelling unit 3 is from the first floor to the top floor. Up to the above, not only the plan but also the elevation plan are completely the same, and the dwelling units 3 of the same type are vertically stacked, and all dwelling units 3 are limited to only three types. And since standardization, simplification, and commonization have been thoroughly pursued in this way, this standard-type condominium has become a common condominium in recent years.
In other words, compared to a high-class condominium that has a wide variety of dwelling unit types with different areas, floor plans, and grades, as described above, some standardization is unavoidable, but " A "mass production of various varieties" production mode is realized, and therefore the largest objective is to reduce construction costs sufficiently, which can contribute to a reduction in condominium sales prices.

That is, in the above-mentioned standard type apartment house, by thoroughly standardizing, simplifying, and standardizing, the design work is greatly simplified and reduced. Also,
As for the construction, since the number of simple repetitive work for each dwelling unit 3 and each floor naturally increases, process management can be facilitated, the complicated state of on-site work can be avoided, and labor and site management costs can be reduced. Moreover, it is expected that the work efficiency and the construction accuracy can be improved by the simple repetitive work. Furthermore, finishing materials in the dwelling unit 3, for example, cloth materials as wall materials and ceiling materials, flooring and sheet materials as floor materials, unit baths, kitchen sets, vanities, toilet bowls, water heaters, lighting fixtures, etc. By standardizing the equipment and instruments of the above, it is possible to purchase them in bulk, so it is possible to reduce the actual purchase price and reduce the construction cost by accumulating the various cost-saving effects. It can be fully realized.

The construction of the standard type apartment house constructed by the method of the present invention and its advantages have been described above. Next, the construction method of the standard type apartment house as one embodiment of the method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 conceptually show the method of the present invention, in a state immediately before the start of construction work on the Nth floor, which is the construction floor, that is, on the (N-1) th floor, which is the floor immediately below. The state at the time when concrete is placed is shown. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a series of dwelling units that are vertically overlapped with each other, and FIG. 2 is a plan view (floor plan) showing an example of allocation of floor formwork in those dwelling units, in which reference numeral 11 is a wall. , 12 is a pillar, 13 is a beam, 14 is a slab, 15 is an opening provided in the wall 11, and 16 is a temporary opening for material transportation provided in the slab 14. 17 is a wall formwork, 18 is a beam and pillar formwork, 19 is a floor formwork, 21
(21a, 21b) are supporting works for supporting the floor formwork 19.

The support 21 described above is functionally divided into a general support 21a that is dismantled early and a curing support 21b that is left behind thereafter. General support work 2
1a normally supports the slab 14 placed on the upper part of the floor formwork 19 from below, but the curing support 21b is a notch formed at the corner of the floor formwork 19. It is supposed that the slab 14 is directly supported via a small contact plate 22 which is located in the section. By doing so, the curing support 21b and the floor formwork 19 do not directly interfere with each other, and thus the curing support 21b
It is possible to dismantle the other general supporting work 21a and the floor formwork 19 at an early stage while leaving only b. In addition,
It is preferable that the curing supporter 21b be installed at the same position on each floor in order to effectively receive the load at the time of placing concrete.

In this method, as in the conventional case, the frames of each floor are sequentially constructed from the lower floor to the upper floor, and each of the formwork 17 to 19 and the supporting structure 21 is constructed. Formwork materials such as the above are disassembled and sequentially transferred to the upper floor and repeatedly diverted, but as described above, the supporting structure 21 is functional for the general supporting structure 21a and the curing supporting structure 21b. On the floor directly below the concrete placing floor, only the curing support 21b is left and other general support 21
a and each formwork 17 to 19 were dismantled at an early stage, and it is usual to leave all the supports and formwork as they are on the floor directly below the concrete pouring floor. This is different from the construction method of. In this method, the general supporting work 21a and the forms 17 to 19 dismantled early are transferred to the construction floor immediately above and immediately diverted there, but the curing support work 21b is used for the frame construction on the construction floor immediately above. Until the completion, it is left as it is, dismantled at the stage of the frame construction work on the second floor upper floor, transferred to the construction floor on the second floor upper floor, and diverted there.

That is, in this method, as shown in FIG. 1, at the time of concrete placing on the (N-1) floor, only the curing support 21b is provided on the (N-2) floor, which is the lower floor thereof. Other general supporters 21a and formwork 17 to 19 left on the (N-2) th floor have already been dismantled and transferred to the (N-1) th floor and reused here. It has been done.

In order to carry out the construction of the frame of the Nth floor from the state shown in FIG. 1, after the marking and bar arrangement work have been carried out on the Nth floor, the support for curing installed on the (N-1) th floor While leaving the work 21b as it is, the other general support work 21a and the formwork 17 to 19 are dismantled when a predetermined curing period has passed, and they are transferred to the N floor through the temporary opening 16,
Therefore, the molds 17 to 19 and the supporting structure 21a are assembled. As a result, the (N-1) th floor is (N-1) in FIG.
-2) As in the case of the floor, only the curing support 21b is left.

On the other hand, the curing support 21b left on the (N-2) th floor is dismantled at the time when a predetermined curing period has passed, and it is transferred to the Nth floor, which is the upper two floors. Is installed on this N floor as a support 21b for curing. At this time, the installation positions of these support members for curing 21b are the same as the installation positions on the (N-2) floor and the (N-1) floor. As a result, all the curing supporters 21b have been removed from the (N-2) floor, and the N floor is (N-1) in FIG.
Since it will be in the same state as the floor, the concrete of the Nth floor will be constructed by placing concrete here.

FIG. 3 is a process chart for more concretely showing the procedure for constructing the frame as described above. In this process, the frame construction of each floor was repeated in a cycle of 21 days, and based on this process table, the N-level frame construction procedure after the concrete placing on the (N-1) th floor was completed. The details will be described.

First, when the (N-1) th floor concrete is placed on the last day of the previous cycle, the slab on the Nth floor, which is the construction floor, is marked out on the first day of this cycle, After raising the scaffolding, installing the PC stairs, and installing the pre-assembled metal fittings (which are used to perform the reinforcement of the beam reinforcement before the beam formwork), the pillars will be used from the 7th to the 11th day. , Reinforce beams and walls.

On the other hand, on the (N-1) th floor, after a predetermined curing period for each part, the stationary frame and a part of the inner and outer molds are sequentially disassembled, and the disassembled formwork and 1 support
On the second day, they will be transferred to the N floor, and using those materials, the formwork for pillars, walls, and beams will be started on the N floor.

On the 7th day, the strength of the building on the (N-1) th floor reaches a predetermined value, and it becomes possible to dismantle the supporting structure for curing left on the (N-2) th floor. Dismantle it. Furthermore, after the 14th day, general support work on the (N-1) th floor and dismantling of the floor formwork are possible, so dismantle them. As a result, all the support works are removed on the (N-2) floor, and only the curing support works are left on the (N-1) floor. Then, on the 16th day, the supporting support for curing that was dismantled on the (N-2) floor and the general supporting work and the floor formwork that were disassembled on the (N-1) floor were transferred to the N floor, and the floor was constructed on the N floor. The floor formwork is assembled on the 18th day after the formwork setup and removal of the pre-assembled metalwork.

Next, after assembling the form of the stop frame and the slab of the projecting slab, floor reinforcement is performed on the 20th day, and concrete is placed on the 21st day, which is the last day. The structure work is completed. After that, the frame construction of the (N + 1) th floor, which is the uppermost floor, is performed by the same procedure.

As described above, in this method, only the curing support 21b is left on the floor immediately below the concrete placing floor, and the other general support 21a and the molds 17 to 19 are early. Since it is dismantled and reused on the upper floor, it is normal to leave all the support work and the formwork as they are on the floor directly below the concrete pouring floor, as compared to the conventional general case. Efficient operation of formwork materials can be realized, and the required quantity of support work and other formwork materials can be reduced, which can contribute to reduction of construction costs and condominium sales price. ing.

It should be noted that the number of curing supporters 21b to be installed and their installation positions may be appropriately set in consideration of the housing unit plan and other conditions. Further, it is desirable to dismantle all the other supporting works 21a and the molds 17 to 19 at an early stage, except that the supporting support 21b for curing is left as in the above embodiment.
For example, the beam bottom formwork and the supporting work for supporting it can be left as they are with the curing supporting work 21b, and appropriate changes can be made as necessary. In addition, it is desirable that each form 17 to 19 be reused until it becomes unusable and repeatedly used up to the top floor. Moreover, if these forms are used repeatedly at the same position on each floor, it will be used on each floor. It is desirable to do so because the labor for processing is not required each time. Then, the formwork 17 to 19 and the support 21
By transferring the materials such as a and 21b to the upper floor through the temporary opening 16 provided in the slab of each dwelling unit as in the above embodiment, it becomes unnecessary to carry the materials in the horizontal direction, and The transfer to the upper floor through the temporary opening 16 can be easily carried out by handing the worker.

Further, the method of the present invention can be applied not only to the standard type apartment house as described above but also to the apartment houses of various forms and scales. 3 for small, low-rise, low-rise buildings
Not only is it impossible to perform the above-described iterative procedure in which the number of layers is one unit, but there is almost no meaning for standardization or standardization, which is not realistic. In addition, since the formwork and supporting work are sequentially transferred to the upper floor to construct the upper and lower dwelling units by simple repetitive work, the upper and lower dwelling unit types must be the same. In, the dwelling unit plan is arbitrary, and the number of dwelling unit types set is not particularly limited.

[0031]

As described in detail above, in the construction method of the present invention, when constructing a frame on a predetermined floor,
A part of the support works installed directly under the construction floor is left as curing support work, other support works and formwork are dismantled, and they are transferred to this construction floor. Dismantling the supporting work that was left as a supporting work for curing on the second floor of the first floor, transfer it to this construction floor, and use the formwork and the support work to perform the formwork construction on this construction floor. Only the curing supports shall be left on the floor directly below the concrete pouring floor, and other general supports and formwork should be dismantled early and they should be reused on the floor immediately above. As a result, efficient operation of formwork materials can be realized compared to conventional cases, and the required quantity of support and other formwork materials can be reduced, thus reducing construction costs. The effect is that it can contribute to the reduction of condominium sales prices.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a dwelling unit for conceptually showing a state in which a skeleton construction is being performed by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the dwelling unit.

FIG. 3 is a process chart showing an example of a work procedure of a frame work by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an overall plan view showing an example of a standard type apartment house constructed by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 (3a, 3b, 3c) Dwelling unit 11 Wall 12 Pillar 13 Beam 14 Slab 16 Temporary opening 17-19 Form 21a General support 21b Curing support.

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Toshihiro Nakamura 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Innovator Shinya Nishizawa 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of dwelling units are consecutive in the left-right direction and stacked in the up-down direction by having three or more floors and arranging a plurality of dwelling units on each floor so as to be adjacent to each other. Among the many dwelling units, at least the upper and lower dwelling units are a method for constructing a standard type apartment house with the same plan and elevation plan, and Construction shall be carried out sequentially from the lower floor to the upper floor, and the formwork for forming the frame of each floor and the supporting work to support it shall be sequentially transferred to the upper floor and diverted to each floor. When constructing the skeleton on the specified floor, leave some of the stanchions installed on the floor directly below the construction floor as the stanchion stanchions and dismantle the other stanchions and the formwork. Put them on this floor At the same time as sending it, the supporting structure left as a supporting structure for curing on the second floor of this construction floor is dismantled and transferred to this construction floor, and this construction is performed using those formwork and supporting structure. A method for constructing a standard apartment house, which is characterized by carrying out formwork work on the first floor.