JPH06332048A - Clutch mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a clutch mechanism which is compact and does not have the interference of the tips of the teeth of a gear. CONSTITUTION:A drive source, a sun gear 501 rotated forward and backward by the drive source, a planetary gear 503 revolving around the sun gear 501 by its unidirectional rotation and on its own axis at a fixed position on a revolving orbit by the other directional rotation and gears to be driven 505-507 arranged so as to engage with the planetary gear 503 at its revolving position and driven by the revolution of the planetary gear 503 are provided and the gears to be driven are constituted so as to move at least by the entire teeth length from the engaging position with the planetary gear, as a characteristic.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a clutch mechanism, and more particularly to a clutch mechanism for switching the power of a single drive source to three or more independent drive systems.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, various driving force switching mechanisms have been proposed for switching a single driving force to a plurality of driving systems for use in devices such as cameras.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 648 discloses a driving force switching mechanism that switches the driving force of a single motor to a plurality of transmission mechanisms by forward and reverse rotation operations.

This technical means uses the driving force of the single motor as a driving source for shutter charging, mirror driving, etc. by its forward rotation operation, and the driving force of the motor by the reverse rotation operation to wind up and rewind the film. It is designed to be switched so as to be used as a driving source of each.

Further, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-60548 proposes a technical means for performing a clutch switching operation by rotation in one direction by a rotary clutch and driving a non-driving mechanism by rotation in the other direction.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-309336 proposes a drive mechanism which selects a plurality of driven gears using a single motor by combining a sun gear and a planetary gear.

By the way, in the rotary clutch as described above, there is a possibility that tooth tip interference may occur between the clutch gear and the first stage gear of the driven system. Therefore, there is known a technical means for preventing the tooth tip interference by setting the tip tooth thickness of the tooth tip to the sharpness limit.

Further, in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-317421, in order to prevent tooth tip interference between the rotary clutch gear and the first-stage gear of the driven system, the clutch gear is attached to the first-stage gear of each driven system in the same manner as described above. There has been proposed a technical means in which the position restricting member is arranged so that they are engaged in the same phase.

[0008]

However, when the above-mentioned technical means for preventing the tooth tip interference by setting the tip tooth thickness of the tooth tip to the sharpness limit, for example, a mold frequently used in recent years is used. In the case of gears made of steel, it is difficult to completely prevent tooth tip interference because a circumferential portion of about 0.05 mm is formed at the tooth tips.

Further, in the technical means in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 4-317421, in the device in which the clutch mechanism is housed, the space is restricted by the position restricting member, and the engagement is released due to vibration or the like. It is also assumed that it is difficult to exert the effect in this case.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a compact clutch mechanism which does not interfere with the addendum of the gear teeth.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, a first clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear which is rotated forward and reverse by the drive source, and a sun gear of the sun gear. The planet gear is revolved around the sun gear by one-direction rotation, and is rotated at the predetermined position on the revolution orbit by the other direction rotation, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planet gear at the rotation position of the planet gear. A driven gear driven by rotation of a planetary gear is provided, and the driven gear is configured to be movable by at least the entire tooth bamboo amount from the meshing position with the planetary gear.

In order to achieve the above object, a second clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear that is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and a unidirectional rotation of the sun gear around the sun gear. The planetary gear, which is revolved in the other direction and rotates at a predetermined position on the revolution orbit by rotation in the other direction, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planetary gear at the rotation position of this planetary gear, and is driven by the rotation of the planetary gear. A line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the planetary gear, and a line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the gear next to the driven gear. The angle is 90 ° to 150 ° in the revolving direction of the planetary gear.

In order to achieve the above object, a third clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear which is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and a unidirectional rotation of the sun gear around the sun gear. The planetary gear, which is revolved around the axis of the planetary gears and rotates at a predetermined position on the revolutionary orbit by rotation in the other direction, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planetary gear at the rotation position of the planetary gear, and is driven by the rotation of the planetary gear. A line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the planetary gear, and a line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the gear next to the driven gear. The angle is 210 ° in the direction of revolution of the planetary gears.
To 270 °.

In order to achieve the above object, a fourth clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear which is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and a unidirectional rotation of the sun gear around the sun gear. The planetary gear, which is revolved around the axis of the planetary gears and rotates at a predetermined position on the revolutionary orbit by rotation in the other direction, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planetary gear at the rotation position of the planetary gear, and is driven by the rotation of the planetary gear. A driven gear is provided, and the driven gear is characterized in that a shaft protruding to both surfaces of the driven gear is integrally formed.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 6 show a camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 1 is a top view of the camera, FIG. 2 is a front view, and FIG. 3 is a bottom view. FIG. 4 is a right side view showing a state in which a strobe is housed in the camera, FIG. 5 is a rear view, and FIG. 6 is a right side view showing a state in which stroboscopic photography is performed in the camera. Also,
FIG. 7 is an enlarged top view of an essential part showing a mode setting member in the camera.

The camera is a so-called built-in flash single-lens reflex camera, and is a lens-fixed type camera whose size is reduced by integrating a taking lens in the body.

As shown in the right side views of FIGS. 4 and 6, the taking lens 1 (see FIG. 2) of this camera is a collapsible lens. It is configured to extend to the shooting state shown in FIG.

9 to 12 are side views showing a photographing optical system in the camera.

FIG. 9 shows the WIDE end, that is, the focal length f
= 28 mm, and FIG. 10 shows the standard state, that is, the focal length f = 70 mm,
FIG. 11 shows the TELE end, that is, the focal length f = 110 m.
The state of m is shown respectively. Further, FIG. 12 shows a collapsed state.

As shown in these figures, the photographing optical system of this camera has a focal length of 28 mm from 11 elements in 5 groups.
It is a 4 × zoom of 110 mm.

As described above, FIG. 9 shows the WIDE end, that is, f = 28 mm, and FIG. 11 shows the TELE end f = 110 mm. Also, the standard f = 70
The state of mm is shown in FIG. 10, and the total length of the optical system is such that this state is shorter than both ends.

The above lens groups are divided into first to fifth groups, and the respective powers are distributed to be negative, negative, positive, negative, and positive, and one aspherical lens is used in the fifth group. This constitutes an extremely compact and high-performance optical system. Focusing is the front focus type,
This is done by moving the group. The aperture is the fourth
It is located in front of the group and moves together with the fourth group during zooming.

As described above, this camera is designed to be compact when stored by shortening the interval between the lens groups.
However, since the mirror and the shutter are arranged between the fifth group and the image plane in this embodiment, the fifth group is slightly retracted. Furthermore, in order to make the total length of the first and second groups shorter when retracted, in the state shown in FIG. 12, the first group is retracted in a state in which it is slightly extended to the near side rather than the infinity position (the most retracted state). Is configured.

Although the power system in the lens frame 11 will not be described in detail, the driving of the first group for focusing and all groups for zooming are controlled by a focus motor and a zoom motor incorporated in the lens frame unit, respectively. It
The diaphragm integrated with the fourth group is controlled by a diaphragm motor (stepping motor) also built in the lens frame 11.

The camera is held by the photographer at the grip portion 7, and a series of photographing operations are performed by pressing the release button 2. Further, if the zoom button 5 is operated prior to the release operation, the photographic lens is moved by a zoom drive system (not shown), and it is possible to set an arbitrary focal length.

The release button 2 is a so-called two-step switch, and the first step (hereinafter referred to as 1st.
In the release, distance measurement and focusing operation are performed, and a series of shooting operations is performed in the second stage (hereinafter referred to as 2nd release).

A display unit 6 is provided on the upper surface of the camera body to notify the number of frames of the film and the photographing mode which can be set by the mode operating member.

Next, in order to further clarify the structure of the present camera, the whole structure will be described with reference to the central sectional top view shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, a mirror unit 12 is arranged on the rear side (on the image plane side) of the lens frame 11 including the taking lens 1 (see FIG. 2). In this figure, the lens frame 11 is shown in a retracted state. In the mirror unit 12, a mirror that normally guides a light beam to the finder system and retracts from the optical path during shooting is arranged.

The shutter 13 is a so-called vertical traveling type focal plane shutter, and the exposure time is controlled by the timing of the front curtain and the rear curtain controlled by the magnet.

On both sides of the mirror unit 12 and the shutter 13, a cartridge 15 and a spool for winding the film, and a spool chamber 16 having a necessary space are arranged, and a connection (not shown) located on the rear side of the shutter 13 is provided. A motor 14 is disposed between the lens frame 11 and a partially convex magnet portion of the shutter 13 that moves the film on the image plane.

In the present camera, the motor 14 is a power source that controls all operations other than zooming, focusing, and diaphragm inside the lens frame 11, and specifically, shutter charge, mirror up / down, film winding, The film is rewound. In this camera, a DC motor having an outer diameter of 12 mm and a total length of 30 mm is used as the motor 14. The power of the motor 14 is switched to each drive system by the clutch mechanism which is a feature of this embodiment, which mechanism will be described in detail later. A battery 18 is used as an energy source for driving the motor 14 and the like, and in this camera, two lithium batteries are arranged in the grip portion 7.

Patrone chamber 15, motor 14, battery 1
A capacitor 17 for storing strobe energy is arranged in a space surrounded by 8 and is led to a light emitting portion via a strobe substrate (not shown).

Although the main structure has been described with reference to FIG. 8, although not shown, a zoom motor for zooming, a focus motor for focusing, and an aperture motor for aperture setting are arranged inside the lens frame. It goes without saying that all of these actuators are appropriately controlled by the electrical equipment system described later.

Next, in order to clarify the relationship between the respective units of the camera, description will be given with reference to the internal perspective exploded view of FIG. The units equivalent to those in FIG. 8 are designated by the same symbols.

First, the lens frame unit 11 is composed of a cylindrical portion containing an optical system and a flange-shaped coupling portion, and the coupling portion is the cartridge chamber 1 described in FIG.
5. The main body unit 21 including the spool chamber 16 can be connected.

A shutter unit 13 is attached to the mirror unit 12, and the unit set is configured to be attached to the main body unit 21 before the lens frame is assembled.

The shutter charge lever 2 for charging the shutter is provided on the lower surface of the shutter unit 13.
6, and a mirror drive lever 27 for moving the mirror up and down is arranged on the lower surface of the mirror unit 12.

In this camera, the motor 14 which is the main power source is used.
The power unit including is configured so that it can be coupled to the main body unit 21 and the mirror unit 12 described above from below, and the power from the motor 14 in FIG. 13 (here, has an output shaft (not shown) below). Through the clutch in the power unit 22, the fork gear 24, the spool 2
It can be transmitted to 5th grade.

Here, the fork gear 24 is for rewinding the film by fitting it to the cartridge shaft of the loaded film cartridge, and the spool 25 holds the film by a claw member or a spring member (not shown) and winds it. Is designed to do.

Although not shown, a counterpart lever for operating the shutter charge lever 26 and the mirror drive lever 27 is also provided in the power unit 22.

Although it has been described that the mirror unit 12 is a unit having a mirror of a single-lens reflex camera, the finder unit 2 for guiding the light beam reflected by the mirror to the finder eyepiece is provided above the unit.
3 are combined. This finder unit 23 has
A screen is arranged at a position equivalent to the image plane (film surface) of the optical system at the time of shooting, and a so-called pentaprism and an eyepiece optical system are also included.

Next, the internal principle of the power unit 22 of the clutch mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing power distribution in the power unit of the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

Although it has been described that the power source of the camera is a DC motor, the motor 14 used in the present embodiment can drive each drive system directly from the motor in view of downsizing the entire camera. The large motor with the power of cannot be used. Therefore, the reduction gear system 32A is arranged from the motor 14 as shown in FIG.
After decelerating, it is transmitted to the sequence clutch 36A, which is the main mechanism of this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the sequence clutch 36A is constructed so that the power can be switched to three systems. The three systems are a shutter / mirror system 33A, a winding system 34A, and a rewinding system 35A. is there. Here, the charge lever 26 and the mirror drive lever 27 described with reference to FIG.
Are driven by the same system (shutter / mirror system 33A). The sequence clutch 36A selectively transmits power to these three systems, and the driving force from the motor 14 is not transmitted to the other two systems during driving.

Next, the principle of the sequence clutch 36A will be described with reference to the conceptual diagram of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a sequence clutch in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

The sequence clutch 36A utilizes a so-called planetary gear, and will be described in detail at 360 °.
It uses a rotatable rotary planetary gear. Further, it has at least three or more drive systems in the rotation range, and the main constituent gears are a sun gear 31 which rotates by receiving the driving force of the motor and a planetary gear 32 which can revolve around the sun gear 31. And the first-stage gears 33, 34, and 35 of each drive system.

Power is transmitted from the motor 14 to the sun gear 31 via the speed reduction system 32A.
Depending on the direction of rotation of the motor 14, both directions (MA,
MB).

The planet gear 32 has a clutch cam 36.
The clutch cam 36 is rotatably supported on the upper surface and is rotatable with a slight load (hereinafter referred to as friction) on the clutch cam 36. The clutch cam 36 is axially supported by a member (not shown) coaxially with the sun gear 31, and the clutch cam alone can rotate without a load.

The planetary gear 32 is rotatably supported on one side upper surface of the clutch cam 36 with friction, and the distance between the rotation center axes of the planetary gear 32 and the sun gear 31 (hereinafter referred to as the shaft). The so-called gear is arranged such that the so-called gear has a size suitable for transmitting power and ensuring a backlash.

That is, since friction is added to the planetary gear 32, when the sun gear 31 rotates, the clutch cam 36 receives a force from the planetary gear 32,
The sun gear 31 is biased so as to revolve in the rotating direction.

By the way, since the purpose of the sequence clutch 36A is to switch the power to at least three or more systems, the clutch cam 36 does not function only when the clutch cam 36 is always revolving.

In this embodiment, the clutch cam 36 is provided with the engaging surface 38 corresponding to the number of switching power systems, and the engaging surface 38 is engaged by the clutch lever 37 which is spring-biased toward the center of the clutch cam 36. When stopped, the clutch cam 36
The rotation in one direction can be restricted at a specific position.

In FIG. 15, when the rotating direction of the clutch cam is the arrow MA, the clutch cam 36 is stopped by the clutch lever 37, and when rotating in the arrow MB direction, the clutch cam 36 lifts the clutch lever 37. While continuing to revolve around.

That is, in the figure, when rotating in the MB direction, FIG.
Considering that the operation is started from the locked state shown in 5,
A cam surface is formed at the end of the engaging surface 38 so as to gradually lift the clutch lever 37 against the spring biasing force. Therefore, as the clutch cam 36 rotates, the clutch lever 37 moves. When it is lifted and rotated by a predetermined amount (here, since it is switched to three systems, the predetermined amount is about 1
20 °), and the clutch lever 3 on the next locking surface 38.
7 falls, and the relative position of the clutch lever 37 becomes the same as in FIG.

That is, while the clutch cam 36 rotates, the clutch lever 37 performs the above-mentioned lift operation three times. When the rotation direction is switched from the MB direction to the MA direction, the clutch cam 36 revolves in the MA direction and first holds the locking surface 38 abutting on the clutch lever 37, and the revolution is prohibited. Needless to say.

In summary, the sequence clutch 36A is characterized in that the clutch is continuously switched when the motor rotates in one direction and the power is transmitted to the selected drive system when the motor rotates in the other direction. Can say

Returning to FIG. 15, the first stage gear of each drive system is arranged around the clutch cam 36. Figure 15
In this state, the winding system 34A is being driven, but the rotation of the sun gear 31 in the MA direction causes the first-stage gear 34 of the winding system 34A to rotate in the arrow MC direction, and transmits power to a spool (not shown). It is like this.

Although the position of the planetary gear 32 is restricted by the engaging surface 38, the sun gear 3 is in a power transmitting state.
The rotation centers of the gears 1, 1, the planetary gear 32, and the first stage gear 34 of the winding system are aligned on a straight line.

Further, the planetary gear 32 and the first gear 3
Proper backlash is ensured in this state between the gears with 4 as well.

When the other locking surface 38 is locked by the clutch lever 37, the planetary gear 32 meshes with the first stage gear 35 of the rewinding system 35A or the first stage gear 33 of the shutter / mirror system 33A. .

Even in these states, the sun gear 31, the planetary gear 32, the first gear 35, or the sun gear 3
The relative relationship between each gear and the locking surface 38 is configured such that the rotation centers of the 1, planetary gear 32, and the first-stage gear 33 are aligned on a straight line. That is, the clutch cam 3
When 6 rotates in the MB direction in the drawing, the planetary gear 32 revolves while passing through the meshing position at the time of transmission of each drive system.

If the friction added to the planetary gear 32 is extremely small, the clutch cam 36
Tries to lift the clutch lever 37 against the spring force, it slips and cannot revolve, and the planetary gear 3
Only the rotation of 2 will be performed.

Further, if the friction is increased more than necessary, the above-mentioned slip is eliminated, but when driving each drive system, the friction is involved as a transmission loss, so that the energy loss with respect to the motor power becomes large. , The driving efficiency is significantly reduced.

FIG. 20 is an enlarged sectional view of the planetary gear 32.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, the planetary gear 32 fixed to the clutch cam 36 by adhesion or the like.
The planetary gear 32 is spring-biased by the coil spring 32b with respect to the shaft 32a to obtain stable friction.

FIG. 21 is an enlarged sectional view showing another example of the planetary gear 32.

As shown in FIG. 21, the planetary gear 32
As another example, instead of the coil spring 32b, a wave washer 32c having a bent washer or a disc spring can be used to obtain friction.

16 to 19 are model views of the upper surface of the clutch portion of the present embodiment arranged in the power unit 22 described in FIG.

Although the cam rotation direction (drive side and switching side) is opposite to that of FIG. 15 for explaining the principle, it has three drive systems as in FIG.

First, FIG. 16 shows a state in which the rewinding system is being driven, the sun gear 41 rotates in the direction of the arrow, and the planet gear 43 has the clutch cam 42 engaging surface with the clutch lever 4.
7 is in contact with the clutch cam 42 at the point PB.
Is restricted and the rewinding system 44 is driven in the direction of the arrow.

The clutch lever 47 is the clutch cam 4
It is spring-biased in two directions and contacts the clutch cam 42 at the point PA. That is, the position of the clutch lever 47 is determined by the cam shape of the clutch cam corresponding to the point PA.

Now, consider the case where the rewinding is completed and the shutter / mirror system is driven next.

After the motor is stopped, it is rotated in reverse due to the switching of the clutch. As shown in FIG. 17, the sun gear also starts rotating in the direction of the arrow.

The planetary gear 43 has the same structure as shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, the friction similar to that of the planetary gear 32 is built in, so that the clutch cam 42 revolves in the direction of the arrow. That is, the planetary gear 43 disengages from the first stage gear 44 of the rewind system and revolves toward the first stage gear 45 of the shutter / mirror system.

At this time, the clutch lever 47 is lifted from the PA point side by the cam surface of the clutch cam 42 as shown in FIG.

Almost at the same time when the planetary gear 43 passes through the meshing position with the first stage gear 45 of the shutter / mirror system, the clutch lever 47 deviates from the top dead center and is pressed by the spring toward the next cam surface (bottom dead center). It At this time, the state of these levers and the clutch is detected by a sensor described later, and the motor rotated to the clutch switching side is
Stop.

This state is shown in FIG. 18, and because there is some overrun in the characteristics of the motor, the engagement surface side of the clutch lever has not yet contacted the clutch cam.

Then, the motor rotates to the driving side. As a result, the overrun clutch cam 42 is shown in FIG.
At the point PD, the clutch lever 47 locks at the PD point. At this time, the clutch lever 4
7 is spring-pressed at the PC point corresponding to the bottom dead center of the clutch cam 42 and the position is restricted. Therefore, the rotation of the sun gear 41 is transmitted as the rotation in the arrow direction to the first stage gear 45 of the shutter / mirror system in FIG.
A series of clutch operations is established.

In this way, the same switching operation is performed when the shutter / mirror system first gear 45 moves to the hoisting system first gear 46. Further, the switching is not performed only to the adjacent drive system, and if necessary, for example, the shutter / mirror system can be switched to the rewinding system without stopping at the winding system.

The sensor (not shown) and the position detection method will be described in detail later, but only the concept will be described with reference to FIG.
3 will be described.

FIG. 43 is a developed view of the circumference including the cam surface of the clutch cam described above.

As shown in this figure, the three locking positions are specified as the positions corresponding to the respective drive systems.

In this embodiment, the shutter / mirror system is used as the initial position of the normal standby state of the camera. In the clutch cam, the top dead center, that is, the maximum lift position when switching from each locking surface to the next locking surface is set to the same radius. However, the lift amount up to the top dead center is divided into two types.

In FIG. 43, the lift amounts are indicated by h1 and h2. As is clear from this, when the shutter / mirror system corresponding to the initial position is locked, the clutch lever is h2 above the top dead center. Just in the down position,
When locked at other positions, it is stable at a position down by h1.

As a result, the initial position can be determined from among the three types of locking positions by the difference in the relative positions of the clutch levers.
Further, the outline of the position detection of the present embodiment is that it is possible to determine other locking positions by determining which locking position from the initial position.

Now, the power portion of this embodiment will be described in detail below. Mainly, the internal structure of the power unit 22 described in FIG. 13 will be described in detail.

FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the gear train from the motor to the above-mentioned clutch portion.

In this figure, in order to clarify the structure, it is developed in the vertical direction and only the main parts are shown, but actually, the adjacent gears are meshed with each other.

The pinion gear 51 is a gear press-fitted into the shaft of the motor and is the power source of this embodiment. A gear train composed of gears 52, 53, 54 sequentially meshes with the pinion gear 51 to rotate the sun gear 41 which is the input side of the clutch portion. In the present embodiment, the object to be driven is a film, a shutter or the like with respect to the power of the motor, so that it cannot be driven directly and it is necessary to use it after decelerating appropriately.

Although the friction of the coil spring 32b and the wave washer 32c has been described with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21 as a means for controlling the revolution of the clutch cam 42, the friction does not become a loss at the time of revolution, but at the time of rotation of the planetary gear. Since a loss occurs, unless the output shaft of the motor is decelerated to a certain extent, the ratio of the loss to the motor power becomes large and the efficiency of the entire mechanism is significantly reduced.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the reduction mechanism of about 30 is ensured by the engagement of the four-stage gears from the pinion gear 51 to the sun gear 41 shown in FIG. Has been realized (the loss is further reduced as the reduction ratio is increased, but the time required for switching increases).

Further, the three types of power systems described with reference to FIG. 16 and the like are laid out on the outer circumference of the clutch cam 42.

Next, each power system will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 23 is a developed perspective view of a gear train in the shutter / mirror system.

In this figure, the gear 55 is a partner with which the planetary gear 43 can mesh, and corresponds to the gear shown as the first stage gear 45 of the shutter-mirror system in FIG. The gear 55 sequentially meshes with the gears 56 and 57, and the gear 57 meshes with a cam gear 58 for a shutter mirror (hereinafter referred to as an SM cam gear 58) which is a lever drive source of the main drive system.

The SM cam gear 58 has a mirror cam 58a for driving the mirror system on the upper side thereof and a shutter charge cam 58 for charging the shutter system on the lower side thereof.
b is integrally provided, and a mirror-up state and a shutter charge completion state are established depending on the stop positions of the cams 58a and 58b.

Therefore, in order to output a signal corresponding to the SM cam gear 58, the SM cam gear 58 is meshed with the timing gear 59 having the same number of teeth, and the sliding section fixed to the timing gear 59 has the sliding section fixed thereto.
By rotating on the pattern of SM cam gear 5
It is configured so that the relative position of 8 can be detected.

Next, the cam provided on the SM cam gear 58 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 24 to 26.

FIG. 24 is a side view of the SM cam gear 58, and FIGS. 25 and 26 are sectional views taken along the lines AA 'and BB', respectively.

FIG. 25 (section AA ') is a sectional view showing a cam 58a for driving the mirror. About 2/3 of the circumference is formed by R1 having the same radius, and a part thereof is at top dead center. The part connecting R1 and R2 formed by R2 is R
1, R2 are connected smoothly. Here, the top dead center range of R2 corresponds to the state where the mirror is up as the state of the camera.

FIG. 26 (BB 'section) is a sectional view showing the shutter charging cam 58b, which is formed by a smooth cam between the top dead center range indicated by R4 and the minimum radius indicated by R3. Has been done.

The cam shown in FIGS. 24 to 26 is composed of a molded component which is integrally molded coaxially with the gear portion of the SM cam gear 58.

Next, the lever mechanism for driving the mirror / shutter by the SM cam gear 58 will be described.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an essential part of a mirror system in this embodiment.

The mirror lever 61 is a lever rotatable about the center of rotation, and one end portion 61A of the mirror lever 61 contacts the SM cam gear 58. Also, the other end 61B
Is in contact with the side plate lever 62. The side plate lever 62 is also a rotatable lever having a rotation center.

A side plate lever 63 is in contact with the other end of the side plate lever 62. The side plate lever 63 is also a rotatable lever. A rotation center shaft is provided on the upper end side of the mirror 64, and the rotation center is held by a mirror unit (not shown), so that the rotation can be made within a range of 45 °.
A mask frame pin 65 is fixed to the side surface (side plate lever side) of the mirror 64 so as to be integrated with the mirror 63, and the mask frame pin 65 contacts the other end of the side plate lever 63 with respect to the side plate lever 62. Touching.

With the above structure, the mirror 64 can be moved from the normal position (down position) to the up position by driving the mask frame pin 65 in the mirror up direction.

30 and 31 are explanatory views in which each lever is modeled for the above-mentioned mirror operation, and those having the same functions as those in FIG. 29 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

FIG. 30 shows the normal state (mirror down state).
The mirror 64 is pressed downward by a spring (not shown). As a result, the mask frame pin 65 comes into contact with the side plate lever 63, and the pressing force thereof is further increased.
It is transmitted to 2.

FIG. 31 shows the mirror-up state,
When the SM cam gear 58 rotates, the mirror lever 61 moves in the direction of the arrow so that the side plate levers 62 and 63 rotate, respectively. This causes the mask frame pin 65 to lift upward against the spring force. It is supposed to be done.

The state shown in FIG. 31 is the SM cam gear 58.
Shows the mirror lever 6 at the top dead center position described in FIG.
1 is in the state of maximum lift. Needless to say, when the mirror 64 goes down, the lever of the mirror 64 returns to the state shown in FIG. 30 by the spring force of the mirror 64 if the mirror lever 61 is in the retractable position by the rotation of the SM cam gear 58. .

27 and 28 show the SM cam gear 5 described above.
8 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between 8 and the mirror lever 61,
The mirror driving cam lifts the mirror lever 61 that presses the side plate lever 62. And FIG.
7 shows a normal stop position (mirror down position), and FIG. 28 shows a mirror up position (equivalent to FIG. 31).

Next, the shutter charging operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 32 to 34.

FIG. 32 is a schematic view of the focal plane shutter used in the camera shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the subject side.

As shown in the figure, a magnet portion 72 is provided on one side of the mask portion 70, and the front and rear curtain magnets stroke the shutter lever 71 from the free state shown by the solid line to the charged state shown by the broken line. It is designed to be charged by moving L.

By energizing the magnet portion 72 in this charged state, the magnet is attracted and the second is formed at the timing of turning off the magnet. In this embodiment, the shutter lever 71 is charged by the SM cam gear 58. It has become.

FIGS. 33 and 34 are top views of the charge state, which are made clearer, as seen from the upper side of the camera in the vicinity of the BB ′ cross section of FIG. 24.

FIG. 33 shows the shutter lever 7 in the free state, that is, the state in which the shutter is not charged.
1 is biased in the direction of the arrow in the figure by the spring force attached to the magnet portion 72. The shutter charge lever 26 is rotatably provided while being pressed by a spring force at one end, and is in contact with the cam surface of the SM cam gear 58 at the other end. The state of FIG. 33 corresponds to immediately after the exposure is completed in this camera.

When the shutter is charged by the motor in FIG. 33, the SM cam gear 58 rotates clockwise. As a result, the shutter is gradually charged to reach the charging completed state shown in FIG.

Here, the shutter charge lever 26 is in contact with the range of the top dead center on the cam of the SM cam gear 58 described above, and therefore, even if the motor is stopped, the shutter charge lever 71 causes the spring force of the shutter charge lever to contact the shutter charge lever. 26 does not rotate the SM cam gear 58.

In the above description of FIG. 23, the timing gear 59 and the timing board 60 secure the stop position of the SM cam gear 58, but the structure of the timing board 60 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 35 is a bottom view of the timing board in FIG. 23 as viewed from the bottom surface side.

In the figure, regions Wa, Wb and Wc are conductive pattern portions. The sliding contact piece integrally fixed to the timing gear 59 shown in FIG. 23 has a width that covers the minimum radius R1 to the maximum radius R2 of the pattern of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 35, the pattern portion has
It is divided into three parts, a Wa part, a Wb part, and a Wc part, each of which is input to the detection part by a pattern (not shown).

The sliding contact piece is provided with a contact end on the same line with respect to the center of rotation and rotates on the pattern portion. Therefore, when the sliding contact piece is located in the area Wb range or the Wc range, the area Wa and the area Wb are electrically connected to each other and the area Wa and the area Wc are made conductive, and the sliding contact piece is in the range Wb The presence in the range of the area Wc can be detected.

The area Wb range corresponds to the state where charging of the shutter corresponding to FIG. 34 is completed, and the area Wc range corresponds to the state where the mirror corresponding to FIG. 28 is up.

In terms of motor control, the brake is applied when the area Wa and the area Wb are conducted when the shutter is charged, and the brake is applied when the area Wa and the Wc are conducted when the mirror is raised. Although a stable stop operation is obtained, details will be described later with reference to a timing chart.

Next, the gear train of the hoisting system in this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 36 is an exploded perspective view showing a gear train of the hoisting system.

The gear train of the hoisting system is developed in the vertical direction similarly to the gear train of the shutter / mirror system, but the gears adjacent to each other mesh with each other.

In the figure, a gear 81 is a first stage gear with which a planetary gear meshes when the hoisting system is driven, and corresponds to the gear indicated by the first stage gear 46 of the hoisting system in FIG. The unit configuration of the present embodiment has been described with reference to FIG. 13 above. In the power unit, the hoisting system is
Since it has to be transmitted to the side facing the motor, a gear train for transmitting the lower side of the main body is required.

In FIG. 36, the two-stage gear 87 is rotated from the lower side of the main body from the gear 81 via a series of idle gears 82 to 86. The spool that holds and winds the film is provided with a claw portion and a gear portion that are integrally formed, and the spool is rotated by the engagement of a series of these gear trains. In addition,
The upper protruding portion of the spool is rotatably fitted to an upper portion of a spool chamber provided in the main body unit.

Next, the gear train of the rewinding system in this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view of the gear train of the rewinding system.

In the figure, a gear 91 is a first-stage gear with which the planetary gear meshes when the rewinding system is driven, and corresponds to the gear shown by the first stage gear 44 of the rewinding system in FIG. The gear 91 meshes with the two-stage gear 92 and then meshes with the gear portion of the fork 93. In the fork 93, the fork portion at the tip corresponds to the patrone shaft portion of the loaded film patrone to transmit the rotation, and the fork portion is coaxial with the patrone chamber provided in the main unit, and The fork portion is spring-biased in the direction of the arrow in the figure so that it can be moved back and forth when the cartridge is inserted.

Here, in order to effectively use the power of the motor, the hoisting system is set to a total reduction ratio of about 240 from the motor, and the rewinding system is set to a total reduction ratio of about 150.

The internal structure of each drive system has been described above,
The mechanism that enables shutter charging, mirror driving, film winding, and film rewinding by means of one clutch provided in the power unit has been shown.

Next, as an example in which the above-mentioned camera position detecting device is applied, an example used for controlling the sequence motor of the camera will be described.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an application example of the position detecting device in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

In FIG. 45, the CPU 120 sequentially executes programs stored in the internal ROM to control peripheral ICs and the like. AFIC
Reference numeral 134 is an autofocus IC. In this camera, the TTL phase difference detection method is adopted as the autofocus method.

First, the AFIC 134 has a CPU.
AFIC reset signal (AFRES) Si from 120
g101 is sent and reset. The light from the subject passes through the taking lens and reaches the photo sensor array arranged on the upper surface of the AFIC 134. Then, within the AFIC 34, processing such as light quantity integration and quantization is performed. Then, the amount of focus shift is calculated as the distance measurement information.

When the light amount integration is completed, the signal (AFEND) Sig102 indicating that the light amount integration is completed is sent to the CPU.
Sent to 120. AFIC134 and CPU for distance measurement information
Signal indicating that communication between 120 (AFCEN)
Sig103, data signal (DATA) Sig104,
CP in the synchronization clock signal (CLK) Sig105
Transferred to U120.

By the way, if the characteristics of the respective elements of the photosensor array vary, accurate distance measurement information cannot be obtained as it is. Therefore, the variation information of the photo sensor array is stored in advance in the EEPROM 135, which is a non-volatile storage element, and the CPU 120 performs the correction calculation of the distance measurement information obtained from the AFIC 134. In addition, the EEPROM 135 stores various adjustment values such as mechanical variations and variations in electrical characteristics of various elements. These adjustment values are stored in the EEPROM 1 if necessary.
35, that is, a signal (EPCEN) Sig107 that activates 35, that is, a data signal (DA).
TA) Sig108, synchronous clock signal (CLK) Si
Reading can be performed by g109. In addition, CPU1
Data is exchanged between 20, the AFIC 134, and the EEPROM 135 by serial communication.

The date module 137 imprints the date on the film by the imprint signal Sig110 from the CPU 120. The light emission time of the projection lamp changes stepwise depending on the film ISO speed. The interface IC (hereinafter referred to as IFIC) 138 is activated by the IFIC activation signal (IFCENb) Sig111 from the CPU 120, and the CPU 120 and the latch signal (LATC).
H) Sig112, 4-bit bus line signal (D0b-
D3b) Sig113 to Sig116, D / Ab signal S
Perform parallel communication using the ig117 to measure the subject brightness, measure the temperature inside the camera, shape the output signal waveform of the photo interrupter, etc., control the constant voltage drive of the motor, stabilize temperature voltage, temperature proportional voltage, and other constant voltage Generation, battery remaining amount check, reception of infrared remote control, control of motor driver IC, control of various LEDs, low voltage monitoring of power supply voltage, control of booster circuit, etc. are performed.

The latch signal Sig112 is a signal for timing the reading of the signal on the bus line. The D / Ab signal is a 4-bit bus line signal Sig1.
13 to Sig116 is a signal indicating whether it indicates an address or data. D / Ab
4-bit bus line signal Sig1 when the signal is "H"
13 to Sig116 represent addresses, and when the D / Ab signal is "L", a 4-bit bus line signal Sig113 to.
Sig116 represents data.

The subject brightness is measured by using the silicon photodiode 170 divided into two parts. The light receiving surface of the sensor is divided into two parts, that is, the central part of the screen and the peripheral part thereof, and the SPOT for performing photometry only in a part of the central part of the screen.
It is possible to perform photometry, average photometry using the entire screen, and two types of photometry. The photometric sensor outputs a current corresponding to the subject brightness to the IFIC 138. I
The FIC 138 converts the output from the photometric sensor into a voltage and transfers it to the CPU 120. The CPU 120 performs exposure calculation, backlight judgment, etc. based on the voltage information.

For measuring the temperature inside the camera, a voltage proportional to the absolute temperature is output by the circuit built in the IFIC 138, and the signal is obtained by A / D conversion by the CPU 120. The obtained temperature measurement value is used for correction of mechanical members and electric signals whose state changes with temperature. In the waveform shaping of the photo interrupter or the like, the photocurrent of the output of the photo interrupter or the photo reflector is compared with the reference current, and output from the IFIC 138 as a rectangular wave. At this time, noise is removed by giving a hysteresis to the reference current. Further, the reference current and the hysteresis characteristic can be changed by communicating with the CPU 120.

To check the remaining capacity of the battery, connect a low resistance to both ends of the battery, divide the voltage across both ends of the battery when a current is applied, and divide the voltage inside the IFIC138 so that the CPU
Output to 120, and the CPU 120 performs A / D conversion to obtain a voltage value. In the reception of the infrared light remote controller, the modulated infrared light is emitted from the light projecting LED 141 of the remote controller transmitting unit 140, and the infrared light is received by the light receiving silicon photodiode 142. The output of the silicon photodiode 142 is subjected to processing such as waveform shaping inside the IFIC 138 and transferred to the CPU 120.

For low voltage monitoring of the power supply voltage, the IFIC is provided with a dedicated terminal. When the voltage input to the IFIC falls below a specified value, the IFIC 138 sends a reset signal to the CP.
It is output to U120 to prevent runaway or the like of the CPU 120. The control of the booster circuit is to operate the booster circuit when the power supply voltage drops below a predetermined value. Further, the IFIC 138 is connected with an LED 143 for displaying in the finder for the end of AF distance measurement, a flash light emission warning, or an LED used for a photo interrupter or the like.

On / off of these LEDs and control of the amount of emitted light are controlled by the CPU 120 and the EEPROM 135, I.
Communication is performed between the FICs 138, and the IFIC 138 directly controls. What is controlled is the LED current Sig131 of SCPI147 and the LED current Sig1 of LDPI148.
32, LED current Sig133 of ZMPR172, ZM
LED current Sig134 and AVPI152 of PI173
LED current Sig135, WPR178 LED current Sig146 and finder display LED 143
Is on and off.

In the constant voltage drive control of the motor, the CPU
By communicating with 120, the drive voltage can be set stepwise. The motor driver IC 139 performs film feeding, shutter charging, and mirror driving, and is a motor 144 corresponding to the motor 14 in FIG. 8 (hereinafter referred to as a sequence motor to distinguish from other motors) and a lens for focus adjustment. Driving LD motor 145,
Driving three motors of the ZM motor 146 for zooming the lens frame, driving the booster circuit, driving the LED 171 for displaying the self-timer operation, and a front curtain magnet (MGF) for attracting and holding the front curtain of the focal plane shutter.
176, a rear curtain magnet (MGS) 177 that attracts and holds the rear curtain of the focal plane shutter is controlled.

These operation controls, for example, which device is driven, whether the motor is normally or reversely rotated,
Apply the signal of CPU120 to IFIC1
38, and the IFIC 138 controls the transistors of the motor driver 139 by a signal Sig 118 that turns on and off. Whether the sequence motor 144 is in the shutter charge, film winding, or film rewinding state is a photo interrupter for detection, SCPI1.
The signal Sig119 is detected at 47 and is output to the CPU 120.

The amount of extension of the lens is detected by the photo interrupter LDPI 148 attached to the LD motor 145, and the output Sig 120 is sent to the CPU 120 after being waveform-shaped by the IFIC 138. The zooming state of the lens frame is based on the photo interrupter ZMPI1 built in the lens frame.
73 and photo reflector ZMPR172. When the lens frame is between TELE and WIDE, the high reflection portion provided on the lens frame is configured to face the ZMPR 172, and the non-reflection portion is configured to face in the other range.

Accordingly, the output Sig1 of the ZMPR 172 is obtained.
By inputting 21 to the CPU 120, the TELE end, W
It becomes possible to detect the IDE end. ZMPI173 is ZM
It is attached to the motor 146, and its output Sig122 is waveform-shaped by the IFIC 138 and then input to the CPU 120 to detect the amount of zooming from the TELE end or the WIDE end.

The motor driver IC 150 includes a stepping motor and an AV motor for driving the aperture adjusting unit as CP.
ON / OFF signal (ENA) Sig136 from U120
It is driven by a normal rotation and reverse rotation signal (IN) Sig123. The AVPI 152 outputs its output S
ig124 is wave-shaped by IFIC138 and CPU12
0 is input to detect the aperture open position.

The liquid crystal display panel 136 displays the number of film frames, the photographing mode, the flash mode, the aperture value, the remaining battery level, etc. by the segment signal (SEG) Sig125 and the common signal (COM) Sig126 sent from the CPU 120. It has become.

The strobe unit 174 is for giving a necessary brightness to the subject by causing the arc tube to emit light when the brightness of the subject is insufficient at the time of photographing or autofocus distance measurement. At IFIC
138 strobe charge signal (STCHG) Sig12
7, strobe light emission start signal (STON) Sig128,
It is controlled by each signal of the signal Sig129 for stopping the stroboscopic light emission. Also, the charging voltage of the strobe is sent to the CPU 120 as a VST signal Sig130.

The WPR 178 is a photoreflector for detecting the amount of film fed. This WPR178
Are arranged to face the perforation of the film. Since the light reflectance differs between the film surface and the perforation portion, the output of the WPR 178 differs when corresponding to each. Since the WP 178 and the perforation alternately face each other during film feeding, the output Sig 147 of the WPR 178 has a pulse shape, and the amount of movement for one frame of the film can be detected by counting the number.

Key signals 0-5 (KEY0-KEY5) S
ig137 to Sig142 and key common 0 to 2 (K
EYCOM0 to 2) Sig143 to Sig145 are used to detect which of the switches 121 to 133 is on.

The above KEY0 to KEY5 are normally the CPU1.
The signal level is in the "H" state because it is pulled up inside 20. Here, for example, KEYCOM0Si
It is assumed that g143 is "L", KEYCOM1Sig144 is "H", and KEYCOMSig145 is "H". If R1SW121 is turned on at this point, KEY0
Sig137 changes from "H" to "L". Therefore, the signal levels of KEYCOM0 to 2Sig143 to Sig145, and KEY0 to 5Sig137 to Sig142.
If the signal level of
You can see which of the 33 is on. In addition, KEYCOM0 to 2Sig143 to Sig
Two or more 145 cannot be set to "L" at the same time.

First release switch (R1SW)
Reference numeral 121 turns on when the release button is half-pushed to perform a distance measuring operation. The second release switch (R2SW) 122 is turned on when the release button is fully pressed, and a shooting operation is performed based on various measured values. Zoom up switch (ZUSW) 12
3 and a zoom down switch (ZDSW) 124 are switches for zooming the lens frame, and when ZUSW 123 is turned on, zooming is performed in the long focus direction, and when ZDSW 124 is turned on, zooming is performed in the short focus direction.

When the self-switch (SELFSW) 125 is turned on, the self-timer photographing mode or the standby state of the remote controller is set. In this state, R2SW12
If 2 is turned on, self-timer shooting is performed, and if a shooting operation is performed with the remote control transmitter, shooting is performed with the remote control. When the spot switch (SPOTSW) 126 is turned on, the spot metering mode is set in which metering is performed only in a part of the center of the photographing screen. Note that the SPOTSW126
Normal photometry when is off is performed using the entire shooting screen.

Pict 1 switch (PCT1SW) 127
A pictogram 4SW (PCT4SW) 130 and a program switch (PSW) 131 are program photographing mode changeover switches, and a photographer selects a mode according to photographing conditions. When the PCT1SW127 is turned on, the portrait mode is set, and the aperture and the shutter speed are determined so that the depth of field becomes shallow within the proper exposure range. When the PCT2SW128 is turned on, the night view mode is set, and the value is set one step lower than the value of the proper exposure at the time of normal shooting. When the PCT3SW129 is turned on, the landscape mode is set, and the aperture and shutter speed values are determined so that the depth of field is as deep as possible within the proper exposure range.

When the PCT4SW 130 is turned on, the stop motion mode is set, and the shutter speed is set to be as high as possible. At this time, the red-eye prevention mode of the flash mode cannot be used.

The above PCT1SW127 to PCT4SW
No more than one 130 can be selected at the same time.

The PSW 131 is a normal program photographing mode switch. By pressing this PSW131,
The PCT1SW127 to PCT4SW130 are reset and the AV priority program mode described later is reset.

In, AV priority switch (AVSW)
When 133 is turned on, the shooting mode becomes the aperture priority program mode. In this mode, the photographer determines the AV value,
The shutter speed is determined by the program according to the AV value. In this mode, the PCT2SW128 and the PCT4SW130 have no function as described above and serve as AV value setting switches. The PCT2SW128 is a switch for increasing the AV value, and the PCT4SW130 is a switch for decreasing the AV value.

A strobe switch (STSW) 132 is a strobe light emission mode changeover switch, which is a normal automatic light emission mode (AUTO) or a red-eye reduction automatic light emission mode (AUTO).
-S), forced light emission mode (FILL-IN), strobe off mode.

The power switch (PWSW) 153 is the main switch of this camera.

The panorama switch (PANSW) 154 is a switch for detecting whether the photographing state is the panoramic photographing or the normal photographing and is turned on during the panoramic photographing.

The back cover switch (BKSW) 155 is a switch for detecting the state of the back cover and is in the off state when the back cover is closed. When the BKSW 155 shifts from the ON state to the OFF state, film loading starts.

Shutter charge switch (SCSW)
156 is a switch for detecting the shutter charge.

Mirror up switch (MUSW) 157
Is a switch for detecting mirror up, which is turned on by mirror up.

The DX switch (DXSW) 158 is a D indicating the sensitivity of the film printed on the film cartridge.
A switch for reading the X code and for detecting the presence / absence of film loading, which is composed of five switch groups (not shown).

Pop-up switch (PUPSW) 15
Reference numeral 9 is a switch for controlling the strobe. PUPSW1
Reference numeral 59 is interlocked with the movement of the strobe light emitting portion, and when the light emitting portion is raised, the PUPSW 159 is turned on to perform strobe charging. When the subject has low brightness and the strobe mode is Auto, PUPSW159
If is turned on, strobe emission is enabled.

The rewinding switch (RWMSW) 160 is a switch for forcibly rewinding the film. R
WMSW160 is on to force film rewind.

The XSW 174 is a switch for adjusting the timing of strobe light emission, and is turned on when the front curtain of the shutter has finished traveling, and turned off when the shutter charge is completed.

The piezoelectric buzzer (PCV) 175 emits a sound at the time of focusing at the time of autofocus and at the time of operating the switch.

Next, the method of detecting the clutch portion used in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 38 to 44.

As described above, since the clutch portion is composed of the plurality of cams and the engagement surface, the relationship between the clutch lever and the clutch cam that engages the same becomes a problem.
That is, it is necessary to surely and instantaneously determine to which drive system the power is transmitted when the motor rotation direction on the driving side is switched from the motor rotation in the clutch switching direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, the position of the clutch cam can be detected by the following method.

Although the development view of the clutch cam has been described with reference to FIG. 43, the lift amount is different from h2 and h1 on the locking surface at the shutter / mirror driving position and the winding / rewinding locking surface. That is, when the shutter / mirror drive position can be locked, when the lift amount h2 is down from the top dead center when the clutch cam is rotating in the switching direction,
Until the next top dead center is over and down. Therefore, since there is only one h2 down during one rotation of the clutch cam, it is possible to grasp the absolute position by detecting the state of the cam surface or the lever at this location. In this embodiment, a method of detecting the absolute position by detecting the position of the clutch lever that is in contact with the cam will be described in detail below.

FIG. 38 shows the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever. The lever is spring-biased in the direction of the arrow.

The difference from the conceptual diagram described with reference to FIG. 16 and the like is that the detection unit (upper side in the figure) is integrally formed. The sensor monitoring position (SE point) indicated by the arrow is the detection point of the only photoelectric sensor in this clutch,
In this embodiment, it is a place where the state of the clutch lever 47 can be detected by a photo interrupter (SCPI).

FIG. 44 is an enlarged perspective view showing the relationship between the SCPI and the clutch lever 47.

Now, FIG. 38 shows the state where the shutter / mirror position is locked. That is, the clutch lever 47 is located at a position h2 lower than the outermost circumference of the clutch cam 42. At SE point, the clutch lever 47
The Xd section in the inside corresponds, but here, in order to explain what the Xd section is, a cross section CC ′ is shown in FIG. 42.

The wall thickness of the detection portion is L, but the wall thickness of the Xd portion corresponding to the SE point is L1. Then, as is apparent from FIG. 38, when the clutch lever 47 is lifted by the clutch cam 42, the detection surface corresponding to the SE point moves to Xe and Xf. The Xe portion has a wall thickness L2, and the Xf portion has a hole formed therein, and there is nothing for blocking the photo interrupter. Here, the clutch lever 47 is a molding member in which the locking portion and the detection portion are integrally molded.

Since the photo interrupter SCPI receives the projected infrared light, even the integrally formed clutch lever 47 has different thicknesses Xd and Xd.
Different outputs can be obtained if the transmittance of the e portion is different. Specifically, in this embodiment, the transmittance of the Xd portion is set to about 0, the transmittance of the Xe portion is set to about 25%, and the Xf portion is set to 100% because it is a hole. Therefore, the thickness of the clutch lever 47 is L1: 0.
The width L is set to 7 mm and L2 is 0.2 mm, and the total width L is set to 0.8 mm from the package interval of the photo interrupter SCPI.

To clarify the positional relationship of the clutch lever 47 with respect to the SCPI switch portion, FIG. 44 is a perspective view of the clutch lever and the SCPI. The SCPI signal is guided to the detection unit by a flexible substrate (not shown).

With these configurations, the SCPI can always grasp the lift amount of the clutch lever 47 in three states of maximum, h1 down, and h2 down.
Although it has been described here that the material for the clutch lever is a mold, it goes without saying that the characteristic of the clutch lever is that the plate has a color of approximately 0.7 mm that can shield light almost completely. In addition, in the present embodiment, the thickness is 0.2 mm and 2
Although a material of 5% transmission is used, the thickness is not particularly limited to this, and there is no problem in terms of mechanism even if appropriately changed.

By the way, it has been stated that the absolute position can be detected because there is only one range where h2 is down in the entire circumference of the cam.
The behavior of the clutch lever 47 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 38 to 41.

FIG. 38 shows a state where the shutter / mirror position is locked, that is, a normal standby position.
Now, considering the actual shooting operation, the camera winds after exposure and drives the drive system in the order of shutter charge.

Therefore, the clutch section must be switched immediately after the completion of exposure (including the mirror down) to transmit power to the hoisting drive system. After the mirror down is completed in the state of FIG. 38, the motor starts reverse rotation. Since the reverse rotation here means the rotation in the clutch switching direction, the clutch cam 42 is disengaged from the engagement surface, and in the figure,
Rotate clockwise.

This is the state shown in FIG. 39, and the clutch lever is lifted against the biasing force of the spring. FIG. 39 shows a state in which the lift has finished and the rotation of the cam has progressed to the top dead center.
The Xf portion, which is a hole, corresponds to the sensor surface, that is, the SE point.

Now, set the output level of the sensor in this state to H
ig (hereinafter, H level). In addition, the output level of the light shielding unit corresponding to FIG. 38 is set to Low (hereinafter, L level). Furthermore, the output level corresponding to the intermediate Xe section is set to Mi.
d (hereinafter M level). However, the output here is S
Consider a waveform output from a single CPI that does not include a stable output, that is, a value that is output momentarily during switching. Therefore, when the clutch lever 47 moves, for example, from Xd to Xf during switching, Xe is briefly
Output is obtained, but that part is omitted for convenience in the description here.

After the state shown in FIG. 39, the motor continues to rotate further, so the cam continues to rotate to the right, and when the top dead center range ends, h1 is lowered. As a result, the clutch lever 47 also rotates following the clutch cam 42, and S
The detection unit corresponding to the point E is the Xe unit. The motor is stopped by judging the Xe portion. That is, the rotation of the motor in the mechanical system driving direction drives the hoisting system.
Guaranteed by the discretion of the department.

FIG. 40 shows the state at the moment when the motor stops.

Since the motor braked by the M level judgment also slightly overruns, the engagement surface of the clutch cam 42 is not in contact with the clutch lever 47 in this state. In this camera, since exposure to winding is a series of operations, the state of FIG. 40 is momentary, and the motor switches to rotation in the drive direction. Then, the clutch cam 42 is locked,
FIG. 41 shows a state in which the hoisting system is being driven.

The switching from the shutter / mirror system to the hoisting system has been described above. Here, the M-level determination is performed to detect the Xe portion. However, as a feature of this embodiment, there are two ranges in which the M-level output is output, and absolute position detection cannot be performed. Therefore, it is actually necessary to determine the level and the level count (how many times the M level is). In this camera, it is judged that the first M level is the winding upper part and the second M level is the rewinding part with respect to the initial position.
The place is judged. Therefore, if you want to forcibly rewind during shooting, set the initial position (shutter,
The clutch rotated from the mirror position) passes through the hoisting system,
By stopping at the second M-level judgment, any rewinding from any state is possible.

Prior to the description of the entire operation, the clutch mechanism during a series of photographing operations will be described with reference to the timing chart shown in FIG. Although the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the present embodiment is applied has a zoom mechanism and an autofocus mechanism built in the lens frame unit, it is described in the timing chart that these are not directly related to the power system of the camera body. The behavior of the actuator is omitted.

This camera is equipped with a two-step stroke release. Distance measurement and lens extension are performed with the release. This operation is performed between timings T01 and T02, and normally when a focus evaluation cannot be obtained, a warning is issued and the operation does not proceed to T02 and thereafter. 2nd at T02. When the release is permitted, the motor is first applied with a voltage in the CW direction. The CW direction is a rotation direction that can drive any power system in the conceptual diagrams described above.

Since the initial position of the clutch portion is the shutter / mirror system, the motor rotation from T02 is transmitted to the SM cam gear 58 and the shutter charge cam portion 58b (charge cam) and the mirror drive cam portion 58a which are integral with the cam gear 58. (Mirror cam) and change respectively. T
At the moment when the motor is turned on in 02, the camera is on standby with the shutter charging completed. Therefore, the timing gear 59 and the timing board 60 meshing with the SM cam gear 58 are detected to detect the phase of the SM cam gear 58. The states of the two switches formed by are changed as follows.

First, at T02, the timing SW charge (hereinafter, SCSW) is on, and the timing SW mirror (hereinafter, MUSW) is off. The SM cam gear 58 rotates, and the charge cam moves down to the bottom dead center (T04).
Here, since SCSW is a SW that determines that the cam is surely present at the top dead center, it shifts to OFF at the timing of T03 before the charge cam goes down. The mirror cam starts to lift almost at the same time as the charge cam goes down. Miller continues to climb and reaches top dead center at T05.

That is, at this point of time, the mirror is retracted from the optical path for photographing and exposure becomes possible. Immediately after T05 when the actual raising of the mirror is completed, the MUSW is turned on (T06), and it is possible to determine the end of the mirror drive. T0
Upon receiving 6, the motor stops. Actually, in order to stop the motor at high speed and accurately, a control that combines a reverse brake and a short brake is performed at the time of stopping, but here it is considered that the motor stopped at a slight overrun after T06. . Of course, this overrun is sufficiently narrow for the top dead center range of the mirror cam. Exposure is performed when the motor is stopped.

In the timing chart, since T07 is the motor start for mirror down, the exposure is T06.
However, the description is omitted here. However, the method of controlling the off-timing of the magnets of the front curtain and the rear curtain attracted by the shutter part to form the necessary exposure time is not different from the known method. Now, when the exposure is completed, the mirror down operation is started at T07, which corresponds to the start thereof, and the SM cam gear that is the same as the power system driven at the time of the mirror up is rotated.
It is sufficient to perform W rotation.

When the cam starts rotating, the MUSW turns off at T22. Since the MUSW reliably detects the up state of the mirror, T05 of the mirror cam top dead center is detected.
To T23 are included in the range from T06 to T22. The mirror cam starts to descend from T23 and returns to the normal 45 ° down position at T09. Here, in this embodiment, the timing of the mirror down completion is not detected in order to minimize the number of sensors. Therefore, in terms of control, a constant timer is started from T22, and the motor is stopped at T08 at the set time to perform mirror down.

Although the timing of T08 is set slightly before T09, the timer is set so that the state of T09 is surely secured in the motor stopped state due to the overrun of the motor.

With the above description, a series of operations from release to mirror up, exposure, and mirror down have been completed.

In this embodiment, next, winding is performed. Since winding has a different drive system, clutch switching is started at T10 at which clutch switching is started, and CCW rotation of the motor starts. As a result, the clutch cam 42, which has been locked at the charging position until now, rotates to the winding position. The clutch lever 47 is also lifted by the cam 42, but since the shutter mirror system was locked at the start timing of T10, the output of the clutch photo interrupter is Low. When the clutch lever 47 is lifted by the rotation of the motor, the photo interrupter output passes from the L level to the M level and becomes the H level. The fall timing after the H level range means the transition to the next locking surface.

Since the output level of the hoisting system is the M level, the clutch lever 47 following the cam down causes the photo interrupter to output the M level at T11. As a result, the motor stops, but there is a slight overrun, so the clutch cam 42 is rotated slightly to the rewinding side, and the clutch lever 47 is not in contact with the locking surface. T11
After that, at T12, the motor starts CW rotation. This C
The W rotation is a rotation in which the clutch cam 42 is first applied to the locking surface of the winding and the winding system is driven as it is.

That is, the spool starts to rotate in the winding direction from T13. In this embodiment, a photoreflector (feed PR) is used to detect the film feed amount (feed detection), and a method of directly counting the perforation of the film is used. Therefore, the perforation for one frame, that is, the output of 8 pulses is output from the feeding photo reflector. The first pulse from T12 is T14, and the rise of the photoreflector output is counted sequentially. When the eighth pulse is determined at T15, the motor immediately stops.

Incidentally, in order to actually stabilize the stopping accuracy of the film, the drive system is controlled before counting the eighth pulse, but the details are omitted here. The film side completed the preparation for the next shooting by winding one frame.

Finally, the shutter is charged and the series of operations is completed. First, the motor is CC again by T16.
Perform W rotation. This time, it is a switching operation from winding to shutter / mirror system.

Similar to the above-mentioned case, the stop timing is determined by the output of the SCPI, but when the clutch is rotated from the winding, first the M is temporarily returned at the rewinding position.
The level is output. Of course, if the motor is rotated CW here, the film will be rewound. Therefore, the determination unit passes the M level and continues the CW rotation.
As a result, the clutch lever lifts for the second time, and outputs the L level from SCPI at the timing of T18. However, the clutch cam 42 does not come into contact with the locking surface because the clutch cam 42 is rotated upward by the amount of overrun.

The motor starts CW rotation from T19. This rotation causes the clutch cam 42 to
The SM cam gear 58 is rotated by contacting the mirror position. The SM cam gear 58 is rotated to the mirror down in the operation before hoisting, and the cam shifts to the charge area of the charge cam. The shutter is charged by the charge cam, and the shutter charging is completed at the timing of the top dead center T20.

Since it is the charge SW that determines the completion of charging of the shutter, the SW shifts to ON at T21 which is slightly delayed from T20. Upon receiving this determination, the motor immediately stops. Of course, the amount of overrun at this time is narrow enough for the top dead center range of the charge cam to be SCS.
It is also configured to be sufficiently narrow with respect to the ON range of W.

With the above sequence, the preparation for the next photographing is completed, and the normal photographing sequence is completed.

Now, in the timing chart of FIG. 46, S
The principle of detecting the absolute position by utilizing the fact that the direct output of the CPI changes from the Low level to the High level has been described. However, the output of the SCPI is actually judged by the CPU via a processing circuit or the like. The circuit configuration will be described in detail below.

FIG. 47 is an electric circuit diagram showing a structure of an electric circuit of the position detecting mechanism in the camera.

In FIG. 47, reference numeral 191 is a clutch lever,
Reference numeral 192 is a detection photo interrupter SCPI, and reference numeral 194 is L built in the photo interrupter 192.
A current source for switching the current flowing through the ED 195 to change the brightness of the LED 195, and a reference numeral 193 is a resistor for changing the photocurrent of the phototransistor 196 into a voltage.

Next, the position detecting method will be described.

As described with reference to FIGS. 38 to 41, when the motor performs the switching operation, the clutch lever 47 moves. At this time, the moving portion of the clutch lever 47 moves at the concave-shaped detecting portion of the photo interrupter 192. At this time, in the moving portion of the clutch lever 47, the Xd, Xe, and Xf portions shown in FIG. 42 reciprocate.

Xd, Xe, X of the clutch lever 47
Since the portions f have different transmittances, an output signal corresponding to the transmittances can be obtained. That is, as shown in FIG. 48, when the photo interrupter 192 (SCPI) corresponds to the light shielding portion Xd of the clutch lever 47, the level of the output signal becomes V1.

Further, the semi-transparent portion Xe of the clutch lever 47
If the photo interrupter 192 (SCPI) corresponds to the above, the level of the output signal is V2, and if the SCPI corresponds to all the transmission portions Xf of the clutch lever 47, the level of the output signal is equal to V2. It becomes V3.

By the way, in the present embodiment, the movement of the clutch lever 47 is caused by the photo interrupter 192 (SCP
To explain which part of the clutch lever 47 I) corresponds to, Xd → Xf → Xe → Xf → Xe → Xd is 1
It works as a cycle. Therefore, the clutch lever 47
The waveform of the output signal when the is operated is as shown in FIG.

When the initial position is detected here, L
When the current flowing through the ED 195 is adjusted to an appropriate value, the output signal waveform as shown in FIG. 50 is obtained. At this time, by detecting the rising portion from the output level V'3 to V'1, it is detected that the clutch lever 47 is in the initial position.

Next, when detecting the states 2 and 3,
The LED current is adjusted again so that the output signal waveform as shown in FIG. 51 is obtained. V3 of this signal waveform
The position of the clutch lever can be detected by counting the fall from "" to V2 ".

By the way, it is known that, in the case of a rotary type clutch, if the shape of the gear is improper, interference between the tooth tips will occur at the time of switching.

Therefore, generally, in the planetary clutch mechanism, the tooth thickness of the addendum is made as small as possible, and especially in the case of a metal gear, the dislocation is set so that the involute tooth profile becomes the sharp limit. To prevent interference.

Further, in the case of a mold gear in which the R portion is slightly left at the tip, for example, the applicant of the present invention has a patent application 4-
The method proposed by No. 317421, which is provided with a position regulating member, and controls the phase at the point where the teeth start contact with each other during revolution is effective.

However, also in this method, it is necessary to sharpen the tooth thickness to some extent, and there is a layout restriction because the position regulating member is provided.

The present embodiment has been made in view of these circumstances, and provides an interference preventing mechanism which does not require a sharp tooth thickness and a position regulating member.

First, the mechanism of these interferences will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 52 is an explanatory view showing in detail the rotary clutch conceptually described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19.

In FIG. 52, the charge system (shutter, mirror system) of the camera is driven, and the central sun gear 501 rotates in the direction of the arrow to mesh with the tip of the gear 510. A charge system (not shown) is being driven.

In this driving state, the sun gear 50
1, the planetary gear 503 and the gear 505 have their centers of rotation aligned on a substantially straight line, and the distance between them is an amount having an appropriate backlash. Above planetary gear 503
Is held by the clutch cam 502 with friction, and due to this friction force, the clutch cam receives a turning force in the direction of the arrow in the figure, like the sun gear 501. However, the clutch lever 504 is biased by a spring (not shown) toward the clutch cam 502. Therefore, the stopper portion 5 of the clutch lever 504
04a comes into contact with a cam surface provided on the outer periphery of the clutch cam 502.

The clutch cam 502 is provided with three engaging portions, one of which is the charge system engaging position 502a abutting the clutch lever 504. This clutch cam 502 and clutch lever 5
In the state shown in FIG. 52, the layout with respect to 04 is such that the revolution of the clutch cam 502 is not allowed anymore.
The meshing is ensured at an optimum position with respect to 5.

In this figure, the gears and the ground plate which pivotally supports the levers are omitted to clarify the behavior of the clutch, but each gear is rotatably held, and the levers and the gears are in the vertical direction. The position is different, and the cam portion of the clutch cam allows it to swing freely.

In the figure, a photo interrupter (PI) 508
Of the clutch lever 504 is inserted into the slit portion thereof, and the sensor portion of the photo interrupter corresponds to the portions of the thicknesses L11 and L22 and the hole 504b.

The hole 504b is a portion which transmits 100% of the LED light of the photo interrupter 508.
The thickness L11 has a transmittance of approximately 0%, and the thickness L22 has a transmittance of approximately 25%.

The clutch lever 504 is, for example,
It is a member integrally molded by a dark gray mold member, and the gear 50 meshes with the planetary gear 503.
5, an urging spring 509 is provided. The urging spring 509 is a part of a ground plate (not shown) that supports gears and the like, and this part will be described later in detail.

By the way, the state shown in FIG. 52 is a state in which the charge system is being driven, which is the so-called initial position in this camera. Consider the case where the mirror-up, exposure, and mirror-down are completed in this state and the process moves to the winding.

When the motor rotates in the clutch switching direction (the direction opposite to the arrow in FIG. 52), the clutch cam 502
Also rotates in the direction opposite to the arrow. The clutch cam 502 is provided with lift cams between three locking positions. Therefore, as the cam revolves in the switching direction, the clutch lever 504 is gradually lifted against the spring and moves to the next locking position by revolving about 1/3.

The down amount of the clutch cam 502 is different between the initial position and the other two locking positions. In the state of FIG. 52, the detected portion corresponds to another locking position corresponding to L11 (winding,
The rewind position) corresponds to L22, and the outer circumference of the cam corresponds to the hole, so that the position can be detected by the method described above.

Next, with reference to FIG. 53, the tooth tip interference which becomes a problem when the clutch is switched will be described.

FIG. 53 is an explanatory view showing a state immediately before the planetary gear 503 returns to the initial position from the gear 507 direction of the rewinding system of the clutch mechanism in this embodiment.

The clutch cam 502 is the clutch lever 5
04 is lifted to almost the top dead center, and the photo interrupter 508 corresponds to the hole. Since the sun gear 501 rotates in the direction of the arrow, the clutch cam 5
02 also rotates in the direction of the arrow.

FIG. 53 shows the time when the outer diameter of the tooth top of the planetary gear 503 and the outer diameter of the tooth top of the gear 505 just contact due to the revolution of the clutch cam 502. In this state, if there is a phase such that the involute curves of the above-mentioned gears (although not particularly explained, all gears in this embodiment are involute tooth profiles) come into contact with each other, the clutch cam will have no problem, It can be revolved around.

However, since the clutch does not particularly limit the phase of the planetary gear or the phase of the gear 505 when stopped, the meshing does not always start in the optimum state. FIG. 53 shows the worst state, that is, the involute curve does not serve as the contact point in any gear, and the tooth outer diameters contact each other.

Next, in the above-mentioned state, the gear 505 is temporarily assumed.
Let's consider the case where is rotatable but its center of rotation is immovable.

As shown in the figure, the planetary gears 503,
The gears 505 both try to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure. That is, the planetary gear 503 tries to slip into between the sun gear 501 and the gear 505 from the state where the tooth tips are in contact with each other. However, as long as the tooth tips interfere with each other, the planetary gear 503 cannot enter between the shafts set in the meshed state, so the clutch is in the mechanical lock state and cannot be switched unless either tooth tip slips. .

Now, let us consider the state shown in FIG.

In FIG. 54, the initial position, that is, the state where the planetary gear 503 is moved to the regular meshing position in order to detect the L11 portion of the clutch lever and stop the motor to rotate the charge system in the driving direction, is shown. Shows.

In actual control, the motor is stopped immediately after confirming the output of L11, but the clutch cam stops at a position slightly rotated from the locked position because of overrun. From this state, in this camera, the mechanical (shutter charge, etc.) is performed at the initial position, so that the sun gear 501 rotates in the arrow direction in FIG. 54, and the clutch cam 502 also rotates in the arrow direction. To go.

By the way, even in the above-mentioned state, FIG.
As described in Section 3, when the tooth tips accidentally collide with each other, the planetary gear 503 is changed to the sun gear 501 and the gear 50.
You can't even rush into between five. In this case, it is assumed that the turning center position of the gear 505 does not change, that it cannot slip. Therefore, even in the state of FIG. 54, the clutch is in the mechanical lock unless either of the tooth tips slips off.

The above is the description of the addendum interference of the rotary clutch.

52 to 54, in order to explain the above-mentioned phenomenon, it is considered that the tooth tips are in contact with each other without sliding, but in reality, the tooth tips of each gear are set to the sharpness limit. It is configured such that stable switching can be performed by setting.

By the way, when attempting to reduce the size and weight of the clutch, it is important to reduce the number of gear teeth and mold the gear.

First, consider molding.

By molding, the modules 0.1 to 0.
When a gear of about 5 is to be manufactured, the tip tooth width remains about 0.03 mm due to the wire diameter of the discharge electrode or a short circuit at the time of molding even if the specifications are set to the sharp limit in design. Therefore, no matter how you try to avoid tooth tip interference, it is hard to say that it is only necessary to use the gear specifications.

Considering the case of miniaturization, the number of gear teeth needs to be about 10 teeth. Therefore, a gear having a small number of teeth needs to be largely displaced to reduce the tip tooth width. However, the interference between the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms becomes a problem in meshing the positively dislocated gears with a small number of teeth. That is, even in the case of a molding gear, it is general that the diameter of the tooth bottom is raised to 0.25 mm, but when the required backlash is set, the tooth tips and the tooth bottom may interfere with each other.

This corresponds to a combination of gears that requires changing the addendum as described in JIS-B1701 as a correction amount for addendum. However,
Correction of the end of the tooth will increase the tip tooth width,
As a result, the problem is not avoided.

As described above, when an attempt is made to establish the rotary clutch only by sharpening the tooth tips,
Both the planetary gear 503 and the gear 505 are limited in terms of the number of gears having a small number of teeth.

The present embodiment has been made in view of these circumstances, and provides a mechanism in which no mechanical lock occurs even if tooth tips come into contact with each other.

As a mechanism for preventing mechanical lock, the feature of the present embodiment is that the mating gear (gear 505, gear 506, gear 507 in FIG. 52) with which the planetary gear meshes can be disengaged only at the time of interference. .

Returning to FIG. 52 again, description will be made.

In this embodiment, the planet gear 503 has the number of teeth Z =
13, the gear 505 has the number of teeth Z = 12, and both of them have such a relationship in terms of downsizing of the device, but for the reasons described above,
It is difficult to avoid tooth tip interference only by dislocation.

Further, in this embodiment, the biasing spring 509 is provided to the gear 505 on the base plate (not shown). The biasing spring 509 replaces the gear 505 with the planetary gear 5.
It always energizes the 03 side.

The gear 505 is held by the base plate, but the base plate is not provided with a fixed shaft but is provided with a substantially U-shaped groove portion (broken line portion) formed in the base plate only partially shown in FIG.

Next, the structure of the gear 505 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing the gear 505 developed in the vertical direction. The gear 505 is not a type having a fitting hole at the center thereof but a type having shafts 505a and 505b concentrically at the top and bottom. Even if the shaft portion is integrally molded with the gear tooth portion,
Even if they are integrated by press fitting, bonding, etc., the effect is the same.

In FIG. 55, the force indicated by the arrow on the shaft portion of the gear 505 is the force pressed by the gear urging spring 509 in FIG. Note that FIG.
In 2, the lower ground plate of the gear 505 was described, but in reality, the upper ground plate also has a substantially U-shaped groove as shown in FIG. 55, and the upper shaft 505a is attached in the same direction as the lower shaft 505b. Under influence.

The substantially U groove portion provided on the base plate has a width such that the shaft portion is slidably movable in the groove portion, that is, the gear 505 is substantially in the U groove portion according to the form of the groove portion. Therefore, it is possible to move if it resists the biasing force.

53 and 54 illustrate the tooth tip interference state considered in this embodiment, the mechanical lock occurs because the axial distance between the gear 505 and the sun gear 501 does not move. However, as described above, in this embodiment, the gear 505 is configured to move against the spring biasing force.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram showing the behavior after the above-described tooth tip collision has occurred.

The gear 505 can be rotated to the vicinity of the regular meshing position while interfering with the tooth tips of the planetary gear 503. Of course, the gear 505 moves while lifting the biasing spring by the lift amount indicated by Δx in FIG. 56, but in this embodiment, the biasing force amount is set so as not to hinder the rotation of the planetary gear. There is. In addition, in the case of the gear of this embodiment, the amount of Δx is set to 0.25 m at the peak, so that the maximum amount is 2.25 m.

Next, the shape of the substantially U-shaped groove in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

First, consider the case where the motor is stopped.

When the motor is stopped, the gear 50
Since only the force of the biasing spring is applied to 5, gear 5
Reference numeral 05 is pressed by the end portion of the substantially U-shaped groove and its position is regulated. This position is the only place where the planet gear 503 and the gear 505, and the gear 505 and the gear 510 can mesh with each other at the optimum backlash. In the U-shaped groove portion, if the axial distance at which the gear 505 and the gear 510 can be meshed with each other with an optimum backlash is R1, then the R-shaped groove 505 and the gear 510 are
The groove is formed so that 1 is unchanged.

That is, as shown in FIG. 56, when the gear 505 is lifted due to tooth tip interference, the gear 50
The axial distance between the gear 5 and the gear 510 does not change, and the gear 510 moves while the mesh is secured.

Next, consider the case where the motor is rotating in the power transmission direction.

In FIG. 57, it is considered that the sun gear is rotated in the mechanical drive direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and the locking portion (not shown) locks the clutch cam of FIG. At this time, the planetary gear is restricted from revolving and transmits power to the drive system by the rotation in the direction of the arrow. The first gear of the drive system is the gear 505 and the second gear is the gear 510. Then, the gear 505 and the gear 510 respectively rotate in the directions of the arrows to transmit power.

Next, the force acting on the gear 505 will be described with reference to FIG.

In the figure, a line segment indicated by reference numeral 511 indicates a tangent line between the basic circles of the planet gear 503 and the gear 505. That is, the force from the planet gear 503 to the gear 505 acts in the direction of this line segment 511. Also, gear 5
The tangent line between the basic circles of 05 and the gear 510 is the line segment 51
Indicated by 2. That is, gear 505 to gear 5
The transmission force to 10 acts in the direction of this line segment 512.

When considering the gear 505,
A reaction force acts on the gear 505 from the gear 510 in the direction of the line segment 512.

In view of the above, the total force acting on the gear 505 is synthesized by an arrow 513 in the figure. Incidentally, when the force 513 is obtained, a force considering the transmission efficiency of gears and the like is used.

In FIG. 57, the gear 505 is indicated by the arrow 51.
Power is transmitted while engaging in three directions.
This is because when considering the gear 505, the gear 51
It can be seen that a force acting in the direction of bringing the gear 505 into contact with the terminal end portion of the substantially U-shaped groove is applied to 0.

This means that a force that lifts the gear 505 against the spring cannot be generated during power transmission, and the force of the biasing spring is lifted by interference as shown in FIG. It suffices to generate the force necessary for the applied gear to re-apply to the normal position.

When the shaft which rotates integrally with the gear 505 is directly pressed as in this embodiment, since the friction loss of the shaft portion affects the transmission efficiency, the spring force can be set low. , Becomes important when considering overall efficiency.

In the above, the principle of disengagement at the time of tooth tip interference has been described in detail for the gear 505 portion which is the charge system.

In this embodiment, in addition to this, there are two types of hoisting system and rewinding system driven systems. These are the first-stage gears, namely, gear 506 and gear 507 in FIG.
Also has the same relationship, and is usually configured to be biased toward the planetary gear side by spring members (not shown).

As described above, by using this structure, it is possible to avoid the interference of the tooth tips which may be a problem at the time of switching in the rotary clutch, with a very simple structure, which greatly contributes to downsizing and cost reduction of the device. It is a thing.

Further, since the first-stage gears of all drive systems can be retracted with respect to the planetary gears, there is no need to limit the number of teeth of the gears or the dislocation coefficient, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased. Is.

By the way, as in this embodiment, in order to be able to retract regardless of which direction the tooth tip interference occurs, the planet gears and the first gear and the second gear of each drive system have a predetermined relationship. is necessary.

Now, the interference prevention principle has been described in detail in the charge system, but returning to FIG. 52, the planet gears, the gears 505,
Although the gear 510 is in the meshed state, the angle defined by the center of rotation of these three gears is indicated by the angle α on the revolution side of the clutch.

In this embodiment, the α is set to 92 degrees, so that the elongate hole for retracting the gear 505 is substantially in the same direction as the line segment connecting the sun gear 501 to the gear 505. Is.

In this embodiment, there are three kinds of drive systems, and the relationship of the hoisting system gear 506 is shown in FIG.

The gear 506 is the first stage of the hoisting system, and is a gear with which the planetary gear can mesh, and the gear 506b is 2
It is the stage and corresponds to the gear 510 of the charge system.
Now, looking at the angle between the line segment from the sun gear 501 to the gear 506 and the line segment from the gears 506 and 506b, the angle is indicated by β in FIG.

Here, the gear 506b is the gear 506,
It is laid out at an optimum position due to the relationship with the clutch lever 504 and the like, and the angle β is 115 degrees. Although the retreat locus of the gear 506 is slightly different by changing the angle β by about 25 degrees with respect to the angle α, the retreat groove is the same in that the retreat is established regardless of the turning direction.

Next, consider the gear 507 which is a rewinding system.

The gear 507 is the first stage of the rewinding system, and the gear 507b is the second stage gear. Here the gear 5
Unlike the charge system and the hoist system, 07b has approximately twice the number of teeth as the planet gears 503 and 505. Therefore, when the planetary gears are arranged outside the orbit of the revolution, the angle formed by the three gears inevitably becomes large.
In FIG. 52, an angle γ is shown, and the angle γ is set to 120 degrees here. The behavior at the time of gear interference is
Although different from the charging system, the rewinding system is the same in that the gear 507 can retract even if the gear interferes from either direction.

Summarizing what has been described above, the angle formed by the line segment defined by the first stage gear and the planetary gear of each drive system and the line segment defined by the first stage gear and the second stage gear of each drive system It can be said that if a certain relationship is satisfied, it is possible to retract with respect to interference from both directions.

In this embodiment, the angle is in the range of 92 to 120 degrees in the revolving direction of the planetary gear.

However, the angle is not limited to the above, and it is set to 1 by lowering the coefficient of friction of the evacuation slot.
It can be configured to be retractable up to about 50 degrees. Further, as the angle is made smaller, it interferes with the revolution trajectory of the planetary gear and the direction of the resultant force acting on the first gear becomes improper. Therefore, about 90 degrees is the limit for reducing the angle.

That is, by laying out each drive system so that the angle range is 90 ° to 150 °, an extremely stable clutch mechanism can be provided.

The principle of interference prevention in this embodiment has been described in detail above. Next, the operation in the one-frame shooting explained in the timing chart of FIG. 46 will be described with reference to FIGS. 66 to 6.
This will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The flow charts of FIGS. 66 to 68 are subroutines that constitute a series of shutter release sequences of mirror-up, aperture release, shutter release mirror-down, aperture open film winding, and shutter charge.

First, in step S500, if there is no flash emission request as a result of the photometric calculation (F_FLSRQ flag is "0"), the process jumps to step S508. Also,
In step S501 and step S502, when the strobe mode is not AUTO-S (red-eye reduction mode) or in stop motion mode (AE mode for fast-moving subject) in picto mode, the red-eye reduction emission is not performed in step S504. To jump.

In step S503, red-eye reduction pre-emission is performed, and in step S504, the power SW 153 may be turned off during red-eye pre-emission.
When W153 is turned off, the process jumps to step S550.

In step S505, the emission GNo. To calculate. In step S506, it is checked whether the charging voltage is a charging voltage capable of emitting light. In step S507, the charging voltage and the light emission GNo. Calculate the flash firing time from and. In step S508, the sequence clutch is switched to the mirror position. Step S5
In 09, the imprinting time of the date module 137 is calculated from the ISO value of the film. In step S510, the number of drive pulses of the stepping motor 151 from the initial position of the diaphragm is calculated from the diaphragm value and the zoom encoder value. In step S511, the excitation of the magnet that attracts and holds the front and rear curtains of the shutter is turned on.

Next, steps S512 to S52.
Before explaining 0, according to Table 1 shown in FIG. 69, F_UTY
The relationship between the 3 and 4 flags and the MiUP and MiRDN subroutines will be described.

Each subroutine is F_UTY3,
The processing contents can be switched by the flag of 4. When F_UTY3 is set to "1" and the subroutine is CALL, mirror up or mirror down processing is performed. F_U
When the flag of TY4 is set to "1" and the subroutine is called, the operation of narrowing down or opening up is performed. In the above, if both the flags of F_UTY3 and F_UTY4 are set to "1" and a subroutine call is made, two processes can be performed simultaneously with the aperture being opened while the aperture is being narrowed down or the mirror being being down while the mirror is being raised.

In steps S512 and 513, the F-UT
Set both Y3 and 4 to "1". Next, step S514.
If the sequential drive flag is "1", step S51 is performed in order to perform mirror up and narrowing down separately.
In step 5, F_UTY3 is set to "0".

Here, in order to minimize the image disappearance time, the aperture is narrowed down first, and then the mirror is raised. Further, the sequential drive flag is set to the above-mentioned step S309.
It is set by the battery check of. That is, when the power supply cannot supply the energy necessary for driving the mirror and the diaphragm at the same time, it is judged by the battery check based on the power supply voltage data written in the EEPROM 135 by the adjuster in advance, and the diaphragm and the mirror are driven separately. This is a flag for instructing switching.

In step S516, F_UTY3,4.
Mirror up or narrow down according to the contents of. In step S517, if the sequential drive flag is "1", the MiRUP in step S516 has already been used for narrowing down. Therefore, in steps S518 and S519, F_UTY3, 4 is set so that only the mirror up is performed.
Is set according to Table 1.

At step S520, MiRUP is called. Next, in step S521, shutter release processing is performed. Next, in step S278, the shutter time obtained by the photometric calculation is reproduced by a timer, the timing at which the front curtain and the rear curtain start to travel is calculated, and the shutter is released.

In steps S522 to S530, the mirror is down and the aperture is opened. When driving sequentially, the mirror is lowered first, and then the aperture is opened.

In steps S531 to S535, the total release count is stored in the EEPROM 135.
That is, by reading the data stored in advance,
Is stored in the EEPROM 135.

In steps S536 to S538, it is determined whether or not one frame of film is wound. That is, since F-CNDT0 and F-CNDT1 are assigned to the 0th and 1st bits of the 8-bit RAM called D-CNDT, the determination is made according to Table 2 shown in FIG. Only when the autoloading is completed, the film is wound up by one frame.

At step S539, the sequence clutch is switched to the winding drive system. Next, step S540.
Then, a flag F-OWiND indicating that winding is being performed
Is set to "1", and in step S541, the EEPROM1
35.

At step S542, one frame of film is wound up. In this one-frame winding subroutine, when one film is wound, one is added to the number of film frames. F_C if the film is not wound within one frame
NDT0 is set to "0" and F-CNDT1 is set to "1" so that rewinding is performed.

In step S543, the sequence clutch is returned to the initial position. Next, in step S544, F
_OWiND is set to "0" to end the winding. Then, in step S545, F_OWInD, film count, F-CNDT0, and F-CNDT1 are EEPR.
Store in OM135.

Next, in step S546, shutter charging is performed. Then, in steps S547 to S549, after 100 msec, the excitation of the mirror motor and the stepping motor of the diaphragm is turned off, and then step S55.
Return 0.

Next, the clutch mechanism of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The second embodiment is different from the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment in the structure of each gear retracted from the planetary gears.

FIG. 58 is a top view of the essential parts of the clutch mechanism of the second embodiment.

The sun gear 6 is provided at the center of the clutch mechanism.
06 is disposed, and a planetary gear 605 that meshes with the gear 606 and is supported by a clutch cam (not shown) is provided so as to rotate and revolve. This structure is equivalent to that of the first embodiment.

The planet gear 605 has a rotation range of 3
First gear 601,609,6 of each kind of drive system
10 are arranged, and the planetary gear 605 can mesh with any of the above gears. The gear 601 is set to the planetary gear 6 in the initial position of this embodiment.
Reference numeral 05 is the first gear of the drive system in mesh. Also,
A gear 608 meshes with the gear 601 and further transmits power to the tip thereof.

In the second embodiment having such a structure, the structure of the gear 601 will be described with reference to FIG.

Similar to FIG. 55, FIG. 59 is an explanatory diagram expanded vertically.

The gear 601 has a hole at its center, and a shaft 602 is rotatably engaged with the hole. The shaft 602 has a length such that the ends of the shaft 602 project above and below the gear 601 sufficiently, and U-grooves that can be slidably fitted to the shaft diameter are provided on the upper and lower base plates, respectively. ing.

Here, FIG. 59 is a view developed in the vertical direction to clarify the gear portion, and in the actual assembled state, U is shown.
The gap between the groove portions 604a and 603a is configured to be slightly wider than the tooth width of the gear 601.

Returning to FIG. 58, the relationship between the planetary gears 605, 608 and 601 is such that a force is applied to the end of the U groove during driving, as in the first embodiment. The upper and lower U-grooves provided on the ground plate are shown by broken lines, but R that can secure the optimum shaft spacing between the gear 608 and the gear 601
It is composed of. Although not shown, the U-groove portion formed in such a configuration is also provided in the other two locations.

The shaft 602 includes a gear 609 and a gear 6
The same applies to 10 as well, and has a length such that the gear is rotatably fitted therein and protrudes from the upper and lower base plates. A ring spring 607 is arranged on the outer periphery of the shaft 602. The ring spring 607 is an elastic member formed of a mold, rubber, or the like, and is a circular spring whose abutting points are the farthest points of the three shafts 602 with respect to the sun gear.

FIG. 60 is an enlarged perspective view of the gear portion in the assembled state, in which the ring springs 607 having the same shape are arranged vertically on the outer periphery of the shaft 602 protruding from the upper and lower base plates 604 and 603.

The spring ring itself is formed of rubber or a mold, and the coefficient of friction with respect to the shaft 602 is not particularly limited. That is, when transmitting power, the shaft 602
, The gear 601 rotates and transmits, but the shaft 602
Only the center of rotation is defined by the U groove, and the gear 60
It is not necessary to rotate integrally with 1.

In the above-mentioned structure, interference between the tooth tips may occur when the planetary gear revolves, as in the first embodiment. However, the first-stage gears arranged at three locations are biased by ring springs. Therefore, the gear can move along the U-shaped groove even if the tooth tip interference occurs.

FIG. 61 is a top view showing a state in which the tip of the planet gear 605 and the gear 601 interfere with each other and the gear 601 is retracted. The gear 601 is in a state of being retracted by almost the maximum amount, and the retracted amount Δx now corresponds to 2.25 m. At this time, the gear 609 and the gear 610 are unchanged.

The total length (peripheral length) of the spring ring 607 is also unchanged. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 61, the gear is deformed into a substantially triangular shape corresponding to the gear retreat of Δx. At this time, the gear 609 and the gear 610 are also urged with a force larger than the normal urging force, but since the shaft is already in contact with the U groove portion of the main plate, no particular movement occurs.

If the revolution further progresses from this interference state and the gears come close to the regular meshing, the spring ring 6
07 returns to the initial circular shape due to elasticity. Similarly, when interference occurs at the other two places, the gear moves forward and backward due to the deformation of the spring ring, and the rotary clutch is established without any particular restriction on the tooth profile.

As described above, by using this structure, it is possible to urge each system by using only the upper and lower ring members without providing an independent spring urging member for each gear system. It is possible to prevent tooth tip interference at a cost.

Next, the clutch mechanism of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The third embodiment is an embodiment in which the structure having the biasing springs in the respective drive systems described in the first embodiment is further simplified.

In the first embodiment described above, the biasing springs are provided at the upper and lower portions of the first-stage gear of each drive system, but there is not always such a vertically available space. . Therefore, in the present embodiment, a case is considered in which the bias spring integrally formed with the ground plate exists on only one side.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of a gear that can move forward and backward in the clutch mechanism of the third embodiment.

This gear 551 is the first stage gear of the charge system as in the first embodiment. The gear 551
Has a shaft 551b integrally formed in a mold, and has a sliding surface 551a on the front and back sides around the shaft that extends substantially to the vicinity of the bottom of the gear. In addition,
The sliding surface 551a has parallel front and back surfaces and has substantially the same shape.

FIG. 63 is an enlarged view of the essential parts showing the relationship between the upper base plate 552 supporting the gear 551 and the gear 551. In this state, the gear 551 is located at the regular meshable position.

The base plate 552 is provided with an urging spring 552a. The urging spring 552a is an arm portion having elasticity by utilizing elasticity of the mold.
2 is integrally molded. The base plate 552 is provided with a U-shaped groove portion 552b to rotatably support the shaft portion 551b of the gear 551. The shaft portion 551b is pressed by the biasing spring 552a so as to abut against the end portion of the groove.

The rear surface of the base plate 552, that is, the gear 5
On the surface facing 51, a sliding surface is provided in the range indicated by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 63. This sliding surface is provided in a slightly wider range than the sliding surface 551a provided on the gear 551 itself, and even when the gear 551 is retracted due to tooth tip interference, the sliding surface 551a is different from the other surface. Is formed in such a range that it does not come into contact with.

FIG. 64 shows the relationship between the gear 551 and the base plate 553 spreading below the gear 551.

The base plate 553 is also provided with a sliding surface opposed to the gear 551. However, the base plate 553 side does not have a shape with one end open like the upper base plate, but around the elongated hole as shown in FIG. Is formed in.

The hole on the inside of the sliding surface is set so that the shaft 551b of the gear 551 can be fitted therein, and the locus of the center is defined by the radius R1 in the figure. The hole on the side of the main plate 552 shown in FIG. 63 is also defined by R1.

In the above construction, the shaft portion 551
Although the spring biasing force acts only on one side of b, the sliding surface 55
Since 1a has a sufficient range in the vertical direction, there is no risk that the gear itself tilts when a tooth tip interference occurs and a retracting failure occurs.

Therefore, if this structure is used, the ground plate on one side is R
Since interference can be prevented only by providing a long hole having a shape, the degree of freedom in layout is greatly increased, and it can contribute to downsizing of the entire apparatus.

In this embodiment, the spring is provided on the upper base plate, but it goes without saying that there is no problem if the lower spring is provided and the upper side is provided with a long hole.

Next, the clutch mechanism of the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained.

FIG. 65 is an explanatory view showing the clutch mechanism of the fourth embodiment.

In the fourth embodiment as well, the driven system is divided into three systems, the gear 703 being the first stage gear, the hoisting system having the same function as the above-mentioned embodiment, and the gear 705 being the first stage gear. A barrier system for opening and closing a so-called barrier, which is provided on the front surface of the taking lens, and a screen switching system for switching the taking screen to a so-called normal size or panoramic size by using the gear 707 as a first stage gear are provided.

Here, although detailed explanations of the barrier system and the screen switching system are omitted, these are configured to be driven by a motor by a known method.

In this embodiment, the first-stage gears of each drive system are arranged at the same distance from the sun gear, and each first-stage gear is of a type having a vertically penetrating shaft shown in FIG. . A spring ring 710 is arranged on the outer circumference of the shaft, but in the present embodiment, the spring ring presses each shaft toward the sun gear with several times as much force as compared with the configuration shown in FIG.

Comparing the driving forces required by the respective drive systems, the three driven systems of the present construction have sufficiently weak and stable power capabilities for the barrier system and the screen switching system with respect to the hoisting system. It is configured to be driven.

Each of the above gears is composed of the upper and lower base plates 709 (see FIG.
However, a long groove is formed in the main plate so that the respective first-stage gears can be retracted from the planetary gears.

By the way, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the planetary gear,
By arranging the first gear and the second gear in a fixed relationship, it was possible to prevent gear interference with an extremely weak spring urging force and to reduce the loss. There are cases where you cannot be satisfied. However, when the driving load is sufficiently small, it is possible to configure the clutch mechanism by applying a spring biasing force that exceeds the driving load.

In this embodiment, the two driven systems (barrier system, face switching system) are set to have sufficiently small loads,
This is an example of increasing the degree of freedom of layout. The direction of revolution of the planetary gear is shown by the arrow in the figure, but the relationship between the revolution, the rotation, and the locking member (not shown) is the same as in the above-mentioned example.

Now, looking at the angles defined by the first-stage gear and the second-stage gear, and the first-stage gear and the planetary gear, the angle is α in the winding system in the gear revolution direction. Here, the angle α was defined in the range of α = 90 ° to 150 ° in the above-described embodiment. Also in this embodiment, since the hoisting system has a high load,
The angle α is set to 95 degrees.

Next, regarding the barrier system, the gear 706 is arranged at an angle β with respect to the initial gear 705. The angle β is set to β = 250 degrees, and when the driving force is transmitted to the main drive system by the planetary gears, the total force acting on the gear 705 is in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. .

A long shaft is provided on the shaft of the gear 705 for advancing and retreating on the same radius with respect to the center of the gear 706. Therefore, considering the case where the spring biasing force is extremely weak, the gear 705 moves in the long groove and disengages due to the acting force in the arrow direction even when the planetary gear rotates. For this reason, a strong spring biasing force is required in this embodiment, but this force is applied to the shaft portion by the spring ring 710 in this embodiment.

Next, looking at the screen switching system, the second gear is arranged at an angle γ with respect to the first gear 707. The base plate 709 is provided with a long groove having substantially the same distance from the center of the gear 708. Here, the angle γ is γ = 24.
It is set to 0 degrees, and when the planetary gear meshes with the gear 707 and rotates on its own axis, the total acting force on the gear 707 acts in the direction of sliding out of the long groove.

Since the load of the screen switching system is set sufficiently weak against the spring biasing force, the gear 707 does not move in actual driving, but the power is transmitted to the gear 708.

Even in such a structure, interference between tooth tips can occur, but the long groove provided in the base plate 709 has a positional relationship such that the gear in the first stage can be retracted no matter which direction the gear interferes. Therefore, there is no danger that the clutch mechanism will malfunction.

It is needless to say that the spring ring 710 returns to the substantially circular shape when the interference is completed and the normal meshing is performed.

In FIG. 65, the angle β = 250 degrees, γ
Although an example in which the angle is set to 240 degrees has been described, if these angles are 180 degrees, the first gear can only deal with interference from one direction.

From the above, when driving a load that is sufficiently weak against the spring biasing force, the angle viewed from the direction of revolution is 210
It is also possible to prevent tooth tip interference from both directions by setting the angle in the range of 270 degrees to 270 degrees.

Since interference prevention is established even in the angle range of 90 degrees to 150 degrees, the degree of freedom in gear layout can be greatly increased by using this embodiment.

By using this embodiment as described above,
Since the first-stage gear of each drive system can be retracted in the rotary clutch, it is possible to provide a clutch mechanism that is extremely small and does not cause tooth tip interference at all.

Although each of the above embodiments discloses an example applied to a camera, the mechanism is widely applicable to fields other than a camera driven by a motor.

[0380]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a small-sized clutch mechanism without interference at the tips of teeth.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top view of a camera to which a clutch mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the camera shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the camera shown in FIG.

4 is a right side view showing a state in which a strobe is housed in the camera shown in FIG.

5 is a rear view of the camera shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a right side view showing a state in which stroboscopic photography is performed in the camera shown in FIG.

7 is an enlarged top view of a main part showing a mode setting member in the camera shown in FIG.

8 is a central cross-sectional top view of the camera shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a WIDE end of a photographing optical system in the camera,
That is, it is a side view showing a state in which the focal length f = 28 mm.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing a standard state of a photographing optical system in the camera, that is, a state in which a focal length f = 70 mm.

FIG. 11: TELE of a photographing optical system in the camera
It is a side view showing a state where an end, that is, a focal length f = 110 mm.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a retracted state of a photographing optical system in the camera.

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the inside of the camera.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing power distribution in a power unit in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the principle of a sequence clutch in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a model diagram showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a model diagram showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a model view showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a model diagram showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 20 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a planetary gear in the first embodiment.

FIG. 21 is an enlarged sectional view showing another example of the planetary gears in the first embodiment.

FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of a gear train from the motor to the clutch portion in the first embodiment.

FIG. 23 is an exploded perspective view showing a gear train of the shutter / mirror system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a side view showing the SM cam gear in the first embodiment. 58b is a cross-sectional view showing 58b.

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a cam for driving the mirror, taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the shutter charging cam, taken along the line BB ′ in FIG. 24.

FIG. 27 is a normal stop position (mirror down position) between the SM cam gear and the mirror lever in the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship when

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship when the SM cam gear and the mirror lever in the first embodiment are in the mirror-up position.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a main part of a mirror system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the mirror operation of the mirror system in the first embodiment, in which each lever is modeled.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram in which each lever is modeled as a mirror operation of the mirror system in the first embodiment.

32 is a schematic view of the focal plane shutter used in the camera shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the subject side.

FIG. 33 is a top view of the vicinity of the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 24 seen from above the camera.

FIG. 34 is a top view of the vicinity of the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 24, viewed from the upper side of the camera.

FIG. 35 is a bottom view of the timing board in FIG. 23 as viewed from the bottom surface side.

FIG. 36 is a developed perspective view showing a gear train of the hoisting system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view showing a gear train of the rewinding system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

42 is a sectional view showing a CC ′ section of the clutch lever shown in FIG. 38. FIG.

FIG. 43 is a developed view of the circumference including the cam surface of the clutch cam in the first embodiment.

FIG. 44 is a perspective view showing a clutch lever and a photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an application example of the position detection device in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 46 is a timing chart illustrating the clutch mechanism during the shooting operation in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 47 is an electric circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electric circuit of the position detection mechanism in the camera.

FIG. 48 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 49 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 50 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 51 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

52 is an explanatory diagram showing in detail the rotary clutch conceptually described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19;

FIG. 53 is an explanatory diagram showing a state immediately before the planetary gear returns to the initial position from the initial stage gear direction of the rewinding system of the clutch mechanism in the first example.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram showing an initial position, that is, a state in which the planetary gear is moved to a regular meshing position in the first embodiment.

FIG. 55 is an enlarged perspective view of an essential part for explaining the configuration of the initial gear in the first embodiment.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram showing the behavior after the tip collision of the planetary gear and the initial gear occurs in the first embodiment.

FIG. 57 is an explanatory diagram of a force acting on the first stage gear in the first embodiment.

FIG. 58 is a top view of essential parts of the clutch mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is an enlarged perspective view of an essential part for explaining the configuration of the first stage gear in the second embodiment.

FIG. 60 is an enlarged perspective view of essential parts of the first-stage gear in an assembled state in the second embodiment.

FIG. 61 is a top view showing a state where the first gear is retracted due to tooth tip interference between the planetary gear and the first gear in the second embodiment.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of a gear that can move forward and backward in the clutch mechanism of the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is an enlarged view of an essential part showing the relationship between the upper base plate supporting the first-stage gear and the first-stage gear in the third embodiment.

FIG. 64 is an enlarged view of an essential part showing the relationship between the ground plate spreading below the first stage gear and the first stage gear in the third embodiment.

FIG. 65 is a top view showing the clutch mechanism of the fourth example of the present invention.

FIG. 66 shows a part of a subroutine that constitutes a series of shutter release sequences of a camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied, from a mirror up to aperture stop, shutter release mirror down, aperture open film winding, and shutter charge. It is a flowchart shown.

FIG. 67 shows a part of a subroutine that constitutes a series of shutter release sequences of a camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied, from a mirror up, aperture down, shutter release mirror down, aperture open film winding, shutter charge. It is a flowchart shown.

FIG. 68 shows a part of a subroutine which constitutes a series of shutter release sequences of mirror up, aperture down, shutter release mirror down, aperture open film winding, and shutter charge in the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied. It is a flowchart shown.

FIG. 69 is a mirror-up / mirror-down subroutine and a flag F_UTY for controlling the subroutine in the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied.
3 is a table 1 for explaining the relationship between the mirrors 3 and 4 and the mirror and diaphragm drive.

70 is a table 2 for explaining flags F_CNDT0, 1 and the state of the film inside the camera in the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Shooting lens 2 ... Release button 11 ... Mirror frame 12 ... Mirror box 13 ... Shutter unit 14 ... Motor 15 ... Patron 16 ... Spool chamber 22 ... Power unit 26 ... Shutter charge lever 27 ... Mirror drive lever 31, 41 ... Sun gear 32, 43 ... Planetary gear 33, 45 ... Shutter / mirror drive system first stage gear 34, 46 ... Winding drive system first stage gear 35, 44 ... Rewind drive system first stage gear 36, 42 ... Clutch cam 37, 47 ... Clutch lever 501 ... Sun gear 502 ... Clutch cam 503 ... Planetary gear 504 ... Clutch levers 505, 506, 507 ... First stage gear (driven gear) 508 ... Photo interrupter 509 ... Energizing spring

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] August 16, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Document name] Statement

[Title of Invention] Clutch mechanism

[Claims]

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a clutch mechanism, and more particularly to a clutch mechanism for switching the power of a single drive source to three or more independent drive systems.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, various driving force switching mechanisms have been proposed for switching a single driving force to a plurality of driving systems for use in devices such as cameras.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 648 discloses a driving force switching mechanism that switches the driving force of a single motor to a plurality of transmission mechanisms by forward and reverse rotation operations.

This technical means uses the driving force of the single motor as a driving source for shutter charging, mirror driving, etc. by its forward rotation operation, and the driving force of the motor by the reverse rotation operation to wind up and rewind the film. It is designed to be switched so as to be used as a driving source of each.

Further, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-60548 proposes a technical means for performing a clutch switching operation by rotation in one direction by a rotary clutch and driving a non-driving mechanism by rotation in the other direction.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-309336 proposes a drive mechanism which selects a plurality of driven gears using a single motor by combining a sun gear and a planetary gear.

By the way, in the rotary clutch as described above, there is a possibility that tooth tip interference may occur between the clutch gear and the first stage gear of the driven system. Therefore, there is known a technical means for preventing the tooth tip interference by setting the tip tooth thickness of the tooth tip to the sharpness limit.

Further, in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-317421, in order to prevent tooth tip interference between the rotary clutch gear and the first-stage gear of the driven system, the clutch gear is attached to the first-stage gear of each driven system in the same manner as described above. There has been proposed a technical means in which the position restricting member is arranged so that they are engaged in the same phase.

[0008]

However, when the above-mentioned technical means for preventing the tooth tip interference by setting the tip tooth thickness of the tooth tip to the sharpness limit, for example, a mold frequently used in recent years is used. In the case of gears made of steel, it is difficult to completely prevent tooth tip interference because a circumferential portion of about 0.05 mm is formed at the tooth tips.

Further, in the technical means in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 4-317421, in the device in which the clutch mechanism is housed, the space is restricted by the position restricting member, and the engagement is released due to vibration or the like. It is also assumed that it is difficult to exert the effect in this case.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a compact clutch mechanism which does not interfere with the addendum of the gear teeth.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, a first clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear which is rotated forward and reverse by the drive source, and a sun gear of the sun gear. The planet gear is revolved around the sun gear by one-direction rotation, and is rotated at the predetermined position on the revolution orbit by the other direction rotation, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planet gear at the rotation position of the planet gear. A driven gear driven by rotation of a planetary gear is provided, and the driven gear is configured to be movable by at least the entire tooth bamboo amount from the meshing position with the planetary gear.

In order to achieve the above object, a second clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear that is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and a unidirectional rotation of the sun gear around the sun gear. The planetary gear, which is revolved in the other direction and rotates at a predetermined position on the revolution orbit by rotation in the other direction, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planetary gear at the rotation position of this planetary gear, and is driven by the rotation of the planetary gear. A line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the planetary gear, and a line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the gear next to the driven gear. The angle is 90 ° to 150 ° in the revolving direction of the planetary gear.

In order to achieve the above object, a third clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear which is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and a unidirectional rotation of the sun gear around the sun gear. The planetary gear, which is revolved around the axis of the planetary gears and rotates at a predetermined position on the revolutionary orbit by rotation in the other direction, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planetary gear at the rotation position of the planetary gear, and is driven by the rotation of the planetary gear. A line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the planetary gear, and a line segment connecting the center of the driven gear and the center of the gear next to the driven gear. The angle is 210 ° in the direction of revolution of the planetary gears.
To 270 °.

In order to achieve the above object, a fourth clutch mechanism according to the present invention comprises a drive source, a sun gear which is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and a unidirectional rotation of the sun gear around the sun gear. The planetary gear, which is revolved around the axis of the planetary gears and rotates at a predetermined position on the revolutionary orbit by rotation in the other direction, and is arranged so as to mesh with the planetary gear at the rotation position of the planetary gear, and is driven by the rotation of the planetary gear. A driven gear is provided, and the driven gear is characterized in that a shaft protruding to both surfaces of the driven gear is integrally formed.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 6 show a camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 1 is a top view of the camera, FIG. 2 is a front view, and FIG. 3 is a bottom view. FIG. 4 is a right side view showing a state in which a strobe is housed in the camera, FIG. 5 is a rear view, and FIG. 6 is a right side view showing a state in which stroboscopic photography is performed in the camera. Also,
FIG. 7 is an enlarged top view of an essential part showing a mode setting member in the camera.

The camera is a so-called built-in flash single-lens reflex camera, and is a lens-fixed type camera whose size is reduced by integrating a taking lens in the body.

As shown in the right side views of FIGS. 4 and 6, the taking lens 1 (see FIG. 2) of this camera is a collapsible lens. It is configured to extend to the shooting state shown in FIG.

9 to 12 are side views showing a photographing optical system in the camera.

FIG. 9 shows the WIDE end, that is, the focal length f
= 28 mm, and FIG. 10 shows the standard state, that is, the focal length f = 70 mm,
FIG. 11 shows the TELE end, that is, the focal length f = 110 m.
The state of m is shown respectively. Further, FIG. 12 shows a collapsed state.

As shown in these figures, the photographing optical system of this camera has a focal length of 28 mm from 11 elements in 5 groups.
It is a 4 × zoom of 110 mm.

As described above, FIG. 9 shows the WIDE end, that is, f = 28 mm, and FIG. 11 shows the TELE end f = 110 mm. Also, the standard f = 70
The state of mm is shown in FIG. 10, and the total length of the optical system is such that this state is shorter than both ends.

The above lens groups are divided into first to fifth groups, and the respective powers are distributed to be negative, negative, positive, negative, and positive, and one aspherical lens is used in the fifth group. This constitutes an extremely compact and high-performance optical system. Focusing is the front focus type,
This is done by moving the group. The aperture is the fourth
It is located in front of the group and moves together with the fourth group during zooming.

As described above, this camera is designed to be compact when stored by shortening the interval between the lens groups.
However, since the mirror and the shutter are arranged between the fifth group and the image plane in this embodiment, the fifth group is slightly retracted. Furthermore, in order to make the total length of the first and second groups shorter when retracted, in the state shown in FIG. 12, the first group is retracted in a state in which it is slightly extended to the near side rather than the infinity position (the most retracted state). Is configured.

Although the power system in the lens frame 11 will not be described in detail, the driving of the first group for focusing and all groups for zooming are controlled by a focus motor and a zoom motor incorporated in the lens frame unit, respectively. It
The diaphragm integrated with the fourth group is controlled by a diaphragm motor (stepping motor) also built in the lens frame 11.

The camera is held by the photographer at the grip portion 7, and a series of photographing operations are performed by pressing the release button 2. Further, if the zoom button 5 is operated prior to the release operation, the photographic lens is moved by a zoom drive system (not shown), and it is possible to set an arbitrary focal length.

The release button 2 is a so-called two-step switch, and the first step (hereinafter referred to as 1st.
In the release, distance measurement and focusing operation are performed, and a series of shooting operations is performed in the second stage (hereinafter referred to as 2nd release).

A display unit 6 is provided on the upper surface of the camera body to notify the number of frames of the film and the photographing mode which can be set by the mode operating member.

Next, in order to further clarify the structure of the present camera, the whole structure will be described with reference to the central sectional top view shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, a mirror unit 12 is arranged on the rear side (on the image plane side) of the lens frame 11 including the taking lens 1 (see FIG. 2). In this figure, the lens frame 11 is shown in a retracted state. In the mirror unit 12, a mirror that normally guides a light beam to the finder system and retracts from the optical path during shooting is arranged.

The shutter 13 is a so-called vertical traveling type focal plane shutter, and the exposure time is controlled by the timing of the front curtain and the rear curtain controlled by the magnet.

On both sides of the mirror unit 12 and the shutter 13, a cartridge 15 and a spool for winding the film, and a spool chamber 16 having a necessary space are arranged, and a connection (not shown) located on the rear side of the shutter 13 is provided. A motor 14 is disposed between the lens frame 11 and a partially convex magnet portion of the shutter 13 that moves the film on the image plane.

In the present camera, the motor 14 is a power source that controls all operations other than zooming, focusing, and diaphragm inside the lens frame 11, and specifically, shutter charge, mirror up / down, film winding, The film is rewound. In this camera, a DC motor having an outer diameter of 12 mm and a total length of 30 mm is used as the motor 14. The power of the motor 14 is switched to each drive system by the clutch mechanism which is a feature of this embodiment, which mechanism will be described in detail later. A battery 18 is used as an energy source for driving the motor 14 and the like, and in this camera, two lithium batteries are arranged in the grip portion 7.

Patrone chamber 15, motor 14, battery 1
A capacitor 17 for storing strobe energy is arranged in a space surrounded by 8 and is led to a light emitting portion via a strobe substrate (not shown).

Although the main structure has been described with reference to FIG. 8, although not shown, a zoom motor for zooming, a focus motor for focusing, and an aperture motor for aperture setting are arranged inside the lens frame. It goes without saying that all of these actuators are appropriately controlled by the electrical equipment system described later.

Next, in order to clarify the relationship between the respective units of the camera, description will be given with reference to the internal perspective exploded view of FIG. The units equivalent to those in FIG. 8 are designated by the same symbols.

First, the lens frame unit 11 is composed of a cylindrical portion containing an optical system and a flange-shaped coupling portion, and the coupling portion is the cartridge chamber 1 described in FIG.
5. The main body unit 21 including the spool chamber 16 can be connected.

A shutter unit 13 is attached to the mirror unit 12, and the unit set is configured to be attached to the main body unit 21 before the lens frame is assembled.

The shutter charge lever 2 for charging the shutter is provided on the lower surface of the shutter unit 13.
6, and a mirror drive lever 27 for moving the mirror up and down is arranged on the lower surface of the mirror unit 12.

In this camera, the motor 14 which is the main power source is used.
The power unit including is configured so that it can be coupled to the main body unit 21 and the mirror unit 12 described above from below, and the power from the motor 14 in FIG. 13 (here, has an output shaft (not shown) below). Through the clutch in the power unit 22, the fork gear 24, the spool 2
It can be transmitted to 5th grade.

Here, the fork gear 24 is for rewinding the film by fitting it to the cartridge shaft of the loaded film cartridge, and the spool 25 holds the film by a claw member or a spring member (not shown) and winds it. Is designed to do.

Although not shown, a counterpart lever for operating the shutter charge lever 26 and the mirror drive lever 27 is also provided in the power unit 22.

Although it has been described that the mirror unit 12 is a unit having a mirror of a single-lens reflex camera, the finder unit 2 for guiding the light beam reflected by the mirror to the finder eyepiece is provided above the unit.
3 are combined. This finder unit 23 has
A screen is arranged at a position equivalent to the image plane (film surface) of the optical system at the time of shooting, and a so-called pentaprism and an eyepiece optical system are also included.

Next, the internal principle of the power unit 22 of the clutch mechanism according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing power distribution in the power unit of the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

Although it has been described that the power source of the camera is a DC motor, the motor 14 used in the present embodiment can drive each drive system directly from the motor in view of downsizing the entire camera. The large motor with the power of cannot be used. Therefore, the reduction gear system 32A is arranged from the motor 14 as shown in FIG.
After decelerating, it is transmitted to the sequence clutch 36A, which is the main mechanism of this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the sequence clutch 36A is constructed so that the power can be switched to three systems. The three systems are a shutter / mirror system 33A, a winding system 34A, and a rewinding system 35A. is there. Here, the charge lever 26 and the mirror drive lever 27 described with reference to FIG.
Are driven by the same system (shutter / mirror system 33A). The sequence clutch 36A selectively transmits power to these three systems, and the driving force from the motor 14 is not transmitted to the other two systems during driving.

Next, the principle of the sequence clutch 36A will be described with reference to the conceptual diagram of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a sequence clutch in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

The sequence clutch 36A utilizes a so-called planetary gear, and will be described in detail at 360 °.
It uses a rotatable rotary planetary gear. Further, it has at least three or more drive systems in the rotation range, and the main constituent gears are a sun gear 31 which rotates by receiving the driving force of the motor and a planetary gear 32 which can revolve around the sun gear 31. And the first-stage gears 33, 34, and 35 of each drive system.

Power is transmitted from the motor 14 to the sun gear 31 via the speed reduction system 32A.
Depending on the direction of rotation of the motor 14, both directions (MA,
MB).

The planet gear 32 has a clutch cam 36.
The clutch cam 36 is rotatably supported on the upper surface and is rotatable with a slight load (hereinafter referred to as friction) on the clutch cam 36. The clutch cam 36 is axially supported by a member (not shown) coaxially with the sun gear 31, and the clutch cam alone can rotate without a load.

The planetary gear 32 is rotatably supported on one side upper surface of the clutch cam 36 with friction, and the distance between the rotation center axes of the planetary gear 32 and the sun gear 31 (hereinafter referred to as the shaft). The so-called gear is arranged such that the so-called gear has a size suitable for transmitting power and ensuring a backlash.

That is, since friction is added to the planetary gear 32, when the sun gear 31 rotates, the clutch cam 36 receives a force from the planetary gear 32,
The sun gear 31 is biased so as to revolve in the rotating direction.

By the way, since the purpose of the sequence clutch 36A is to switch the power to at least three or more systems, the clutch cam 36 does not function only when the clutch cam 36 is always revolving.

In this embodiment, the clutch cam 36 is provided with the engaging surface 38 corresponding to the number of switching power systems, and the engaging surface 38 is engaged by the clutch lever 37 which is spring-biased toward the center of the clutch cam 36. When stopped, the clutch cam 36
The rotation in one direction can be restricted at a specific position.

In FIG. 15, when the rotating direction of the clutch cam is the arrow MA, the clutch cam 36 is stopped by the clutch lever 37, and when rotating in the arrow MB direction, the clutch cam 36 lifts the clutch lever 37. While continuing to revolve around.

That is, in the figure, when rotating in the MB direction, FIG.
Considering that the operation is started from the locked state shown in 5,
A cam surface is formed at the end of the engaging surface 38 so as to gradually lift the clutch lever 37 against the spring biasing force. Therefore, as the clutch cam 36 rotates, the clutch lever 37 moves. When it is lifted and rotated by a predetermined amount (here, since it is switched to three systems, the predetermined amount is about 1
20 °), and the clutch lever 3 on the next locking surface 38.
7 falls, and the relative position of the clutch lever 37 becomes the same as in FIG.

That is, while the clutch cam 36 rotates, the clutch lever 37 performs the above-mentioned lift operation three times. When the rotation direction is switched from the MB direction to the MA direction, the clutch cam 36 revolves in the MA direction and first holds the locking surface 38 abutting on the clutch lever 37, and the revolution is prohibited. Needless to say.

In summary, the sequence clutch 36A is characterized in that the clutch is continuously switched when the motor rotates in one direction and the power is transmitted to the selected drive system when the motor rotates in the other direction. Can say

Returning to FIG. 15, the first stage gear of each drive system is arranged around the clutch cam 36. Figure 15
In this state, the winding system 34A is being driven, but the rotation of the sun gear 31 in the MA direction causes the first-stage gear 34 of the winding system 34A to rotate in the arrow MC direction, and transmits power to a spool (not shown). It is like this.

Although the position of the planetary gear 32 is restricted by the engaging surface 38, the sun gear 3 is in a power transmitting state.
The rotation centers of the gears 1, 1, the planetary gear 32, and the first stage gear 34 of the winding system are aligned on a straight line.

Further, the planetary gear 32 and the first gear 3
Proper backlash is ensured in this state between the gears with 4 as well.

When the other locking surface 38 is locked by the clutch lever 37, the planetary gear 32 meshes with the first stage gear 35 of the rewinding system 35A or the first stage gear 33 of the shutter / mirror system 33A. .

Even in these states, the sun gear 31, the planetary gear 32, the first gear 35, or the sun gear 3
The relative relationship between each gear and the locking surface 38 is configured such that the rotation centers of the 1, planetary gear 32, and the first-stage gear 33 are aligned on a straight line. That is, the clutch cam 3
When 6 rotates in the MB direction in the drawing, the planetary gear 32 revolves while passing through the meshing position at the time of transmission of each drive system.

If the friction added to the planetary gear 32 is extremely small, the clutch cam 36
Tries to lift the clutch lever 37 against the spring force, it slips and cannot revolve, and the planetary gear 3
Only the rotation of 2 will be performed.

Further, if the friction is increased more than necessary, the above-mentioned slip is eliminated, but when driving each drive system, the friction is involved as a transmission loss, so that the energy loss with respect to the motor power becomes large. , The driving efficiency is significantly reduced.

FIG. 20 is an enlarged sectional view of the planetary gear 32.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, the planetary gear 32 fixed to the clutch cam 36 by adhesion or the like.
The planetary gear 32 is spring-biased by the coil spring 32b with respect to the shaft 32a to obtain stable friction.

FIG. 21 is an enlarged sectional view showing another example of the planetary gear 32.

As shown in FIG. 21, the planetary gear 32
As another example, instead of the coil spring 32b, a wave washer 32c having a bent washer or a disc spring can be used to obtain friction.

16 to 19 are model views of the upper surface of the clutch portion of the present embodiment arranged in the power unit 22 described in FIG.

Although the cam rotation direction (drive side and switching side) is opposite to that of FIG. 15 for explaining the principle, it has three drive systems as in FIG.

First, FIG. 16 shows a state in which the rewinding system is being driven, the sun gear 41 rotates in the direction of the arrow, and the planet gear 43 has the clutch cam 42 engaging surface with the clutch lever 4.
7 is in contact with the clutch cam 42 at the point PB.
Is restricted and the rewinding system 44 is driven in the direction of the arrow.

The clutch lever 47 is the clutch cam 4
It is spring-biased in two directions and contacts the clutch cam 42 at the point PA. That is, the position of the clutch lever 47 is determined by the cam shape of the clutch cam corresponding to the point PA.

Now, consider the case where the rewinding is completed and the shutter / mirror system is driven next.

After the motor is stopped, it is rotated in reverse due to the switching of the clutch. As shown in FIG. 17, the sun gear also starts rotating in the direction of the arrow.

The planetary gear 43 has the same structure as shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 1, the friction similar to that of the planetary gear 32 is built in, so that the clutch cam 42 revolves in the direction of the arrow. That is, the planetary gear 43 disengages from the first stage gear 44 of the rewind system and revolves toward the first stage gear 45 of the shutter / mirror system.

At this time, the clutch lever 47 is lifted from the PA point side by the cam surface of the clutch cam 42 as shown in FIG.

Almost at the same time when the planetary gear 43 passes through the meshing position with the first stage gear 45 of the shutter / mirror system, the clutch lever 47 deviates from the top dead center and is pressed by the spring toward the next cam surface (bottom dead center). It At this time, the state of these levers and the clutch is detected by a sensor described later, and the motor rotated to the clutch switching side is
Stop.

This state is shown in FIG. 18, and because there is some overrun in the characteristics of the motor, the engagement surface side of the clutch lever has not yet contacted the clutch cam.

Then, the motor rotates to the driving side. As a result, the overrun clutch cam 42 is shown in FIG.
At the point PD, the clutch lever 47 locks at the PD point. At this time, the clutch lever 4
7 is spring-pressed at the PC point corresponding to the bottom dead center of the clutch cam 42 and the position is restricted. Therefore, the rotation of the sun gear 41 is transmitted as the rotation in the arrow direction to the first stage gear 45 of the shutter / mirror system in FIG.
A series of clutch operations is established.

In this way, the same switching operation is performed when the shutter / mirror system first gear 45 moves to the hoisting system first gear 46. Further, the switching is not performed only to the adjacent drive system, and if necessary, for example, the shutter / mirror system can be switched to the rewinding system without stopping at the winding system.

The sensor (not shown) and the position detection method will be described in detail later, but only the concept will be described with reference to FIG.
3 will be described.

FIG. 43 is a developed view of the circumference including the cam surface of the clutch cam described above.

As shown in this figure, the three locking positions are specified as the positions corresponding to the respective drive systems.

In this embodiment, the shutter / mirror system is used as the initial position of the normal standby state of the camera. In the clutch cam, the top dead center, that is, the maximum lift position when switching from each locking surface to the next locking surface is set to the same radius. However, the lift amount up to the top dead center is divided into two types.

In FIG. 43, the lift amounts are indicated by h1 and h2. As is clear from this, when the shutter / mirror system corresponding to the initial position is locked, the clutch lever is h2 above the top dead center. Just in the down position,
When locked at other positions, it is stable at a position down by h1.

As a result, the initial position can be determined from among the three types of locking positions by the difference in the relative positions of the clutch levers.
Further, the outline of the position detection of the present embodiment is that it is possible to determine other locking positions by determining which locking position from the initial position.

Now, the power portion of this embodiment will be described in detail below. Mainly, the internal structure of the power unit 22 described in FIG. 13 will be described in detail.

FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the gear train from the motor to the above-mentioned clutch portion.

In this figure, in order to clarify the structure, it is developed in the vertical direction and only the main parts are shown, but actually, the adjacent gears are meshed with each other.

The pinion gear 51 is a gear press-fitted into the shaft of the motor and is the power source of this embodiment. A gear train composed of gears 52, 53, 54 sequentially meshes with the pinion gear 51 to rotate the sun gear 41 which is the input side of the clutch portion. In the present embodiment, the object to be driven is a film, a shutter or the like with respect to the power of the motor, so that it cannot be driven directly and it is necessary to use it after decelerating appropriately.

Although the friction of the coil spring 32b and the wave washer 32c has been described with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21 as a means for controlling the revolution of the clutch cam 42, the friction does not become a loss at the time of revolution, but at the time of rotation of the planetary gear. Since a loss occurs, unless the output shaft of the motor is decelerated to a certain extent, the ratio of the loss to the motor power becomes large and the efficiency of the entire mechanism is significantly reduced.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the reduction mechanism of about 30 is ensured by the engagement of the four-stage gears from the pinion gear 51 to the sun gear 41 shown in FIG. Has been realized (the loss is further reduced as the reduction ratio is increased, but the time required for switching increases).

Further, the three types of power systems described with reference to FIG. 16 and the like are laid out on the outer circumference of the clutch cam 42.

Next, each power system will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 23 is a developed perspective view of a gear train in the shutter / mirror system.

In this figure, the gear 55 is a partner with which the planetary gear 43 can mesh, and corresponds to the gear shown as the first stage gear 45 of the shutter-mirror system in FIG. The gear 55 sequentially meshes with gears 56 and 57, and the gear 57 meshes with a cam gear 58 for a shutter mirror (hereinafter referred to as an SM cam gear 58) which is a lever drive source of the main drive system.

The SM cam gear 58 has a mirror cam 58a for driving the mirror system on the upper side thereof and a shutter charge cam 58 for charging the shutter system on the lower side thereof.
b is integrally provided, and a mirror-up state and a shutter charge completion state are established depending on the stop positions of the cams 58a and 58b.

Therefore, in order to output a signal corresponding to the SM cam gear 58, the SM cam gear 58 is meshed with the timing gear 59 having the same number of teeth, and the sliding section fixed to the timing gear 59 has the sliding section fixed thereto.
By rotating on the pattern of SM cam gear 5
It is configured so that the relative position of 8 can be detected.

Next, the cam provided on the SM cam gear 58 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 24 to 26.

FIG. 24 is a side view of the SM cam gear 58, and FIGS. 25 and 26 are sectional views taken along the lines AA 'and BB', respectively.

FIG. 25 (section AA ') is a sectional view showing a cam 58a for driving the mirror. About 2/3 of the circumference is formed by R1 having the same radius, and a part thereof is at top dead center. The part connecting R1 and R2 formed by R2 is R
1, R2 are connected smoothly. Here, the top dead center range of R2 corresponds to the state where the mirror is up as the state of the camera.

FIG. 26 (BB 'section) is a sectional view showing the shutter charging cam 58b, which is formed by a smooth cam between the top dead center range indicated by R4 and the minimum radius indicated by R3. Has been done.

The cam shown in FIGS. 24 to 26 is composed of a molded component which is integrally molded coaxially with the gear portion of the SM cam gear 58.

Next, the lever mechanism for driving the mirror / shutter by the SM cam gear 58 will be described.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an essential part of a mirror system in this embodiment.

The mirror lever 61 is a lever rotatable about the center of rotation, and one end portion 61A of the mirror lever 61 contacts the SM cam gear 58. Also, the other end 61B
Is in contact with the side plate lever 62. The side plate lever 62 is also a rotatable lever having a rotation center.

A side plate lever 63 is in contact with the other end of the side plate lever 62. The side plate lever 63 is also a rotatable lever. A rotation center shaft is provided on the upper end side of the mirror 64, and the rotation center is held by a mirror unit (not shown), so that the rotation can be made within a range of 45 °.
A mask frame pin 65 is fixed to the side surface (side plate lever side) of the mirror 64 so as to be integrated with the mirror 63, and the mask frame pin 65 contacts the other end of the side plate lever 63 with respect to the side plate lever 62. Touching.

With the above structure, the mirror 64 can be moved from the normal position (down position) to the up position by driving the mask frame pin 65 in the mirror up direction.

30 and 31 are explanatory views in which each lever is modeled for the above-mentioned mirror operation, and those having the same functions as those in FIG. 29 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

FIG. 30 shows the normal state (mirror down state).
The mirror 64 is pressed downward by a spring (not shown). As a result, the mask frame pin 65 comes into contact with the side plate lever 63, and the pressing force thereof is further increased.
It is transmitted to 2.

FIG. 31 shows the mirror-up state,
When the SM cam gear 58 rotates, the mirror lever 61 moves in the direction of the arrow so that the side plate levers 62 and 63 rotate, respectively. This causes the mask frame pin 65 to lift upward against the spring force. It is supposed to be done.

The state shown in FIG. 31 is the SM cam gear 58.
Shows the mirror lever 6 at the top dead center position described in FIG.
1 is in the state of maximum lift. Needless to say, when the mirror 64 goes down, the lever of the mirror 64 returns to the state shown in FIG. 30 by the spring force of the mirror 64 if the mirror lever 61 is in the retractable position by the rotation of the SM cam gear 58. .

27 and 28 show the SM cam gear 5 described above.
8 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between 8 and the mirror lever 61,
The mirror driving cam lifts the mirror lever 61 that presses the side plate lever 62. And FIG.
7 shows a normal stop position (mirror down position), and FIG. 28 shows a mirror up position (equivalent to FIG. 31).

Next, the shutter charging operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 32 to 34.

FIG. 32 is a schematic view of the focal plane shutter used in the camera shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the subject side.

As shown in the figure, a magnet portion 72 is provided on one side of the mask portion 70, and the front and rear curtain magnets stroke the shutter lever 71 from the free state shown by the solid line to the charged state shown by the broken line. It is designed to be charged by moving L.

By energizing the magnet portion 72 in this charged state, the magnet is attracted and the second is formed at the timing of turning off the magnet. In this embodiment, the shutter lever 71 is charged by the SM cam gear 58. It has become.

FIGS. 33 and 34 are top views of the charge state, which are made clearer, as seen from the upper side of the camera in the vicinity of the BB ′ cross section of FIG. 24.

FIG. 33 shows the shutter lever 7 in the free state, that is, the state in which the shutter is not charged.
1 is biased in the direction of the arrow in the figure by the spring force attached to the magnet portion 72. The shutter charge lever 26 is rotatably provided while being pressed by a spring force at one end, and is in contact with the cam surface of the SM cam gear 58 at the other end. The state of FIG. 33 corresponds to immediately after the exposure is completed in this camera.

When the shutter is charged by the motor in FIG. 33, the SM cam gear 58 rotates clockwise. As a result, the shutter is gradually charged to reach the charging completed state shown in FIG.

Here, the shutter charge lever 26 is in contact with the range of the top dead center on the cam of the SM cam gear 58 described above, and therefore, even if the motor is stopped, the shutter charge lever 71 causes the spring force of the shutter charge lever to contact the shutter charge lever. 26 does not rotate the SM cam gear 58.

In the above description of FIG. 23, the timing gear 59 and the timing board 60 secure the stop position of the SM cam gear 58, but the structure of the timing board 60 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 35 is a bottom view of the timing board in FIG. 23 as viewed from the bottom surface side.

In the figure, regions Wa, Wb and Wc are conductive pattern portions. The sliding contact piece integrally fixed to the timing gear 59 shown in FIG. 23 has a width that covers the minimum radius R1 to the maximum radius R2 of the pattern of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 35, the pattern portion has
It is divided into three parts, a Wa part, a Wb part, and a Wc part, each of which is input to the detection part by a pattern (not shown).

The sliding contact piece is provided with a contact end on the same line with respect to the center of rotation and rotates on the pattern portion. Therefore, when the sliding contact piece is located in the area Wb range or the Wc range, the area Wa and the area Wb are electrically connected to each other and the area Wa and the area Wc are made conductive, and the sliding contact piece is in the range Wb The presence in the range of the area Wc can be detected.

The area Wb range corresponds to the state where charging of the shutter corresponding to FIG. 34 is completed, and the area Wc range corresponds to the state where the mirror corresponding to FIG. 28 is up.

In terms of motor control, the brake is applied when the area Wa and the area Wb are conducted when the shutter is charged, and the brake is applied when the area Wa and the Wc are conducted when the mirror is raised. Although a stable stop operation is obtained, details will be described later with reference to a timing chart.

Next, the gear train of the hoisting system in this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 36 is an exploded perspective view showing a gear train of the hoisting system.

The gear train of the hoisting system is developed in the vertical direction similarly to the gear train of the shutter / mirror system, but the gears adjacent to each other mesh with each other.

In the figure, a gear 81 is a first stage gear with which a planetary gear meshes when the hoisting system is driven, and corresponds to the gear indicated by the first stage gear 46 of the hoisting system in FIG. The unit configuration of the present embodiment has been described with reference to FIG. 13 above. In the power unit, the hoisting system is
Since it has to be transmitted to the side facing the motor, a gear train for transmitting the lower side of the main body is required.

In FIG. 36, the two-stage gear 87 is rotated from the lower side of the main body from the gear 81 via a series of idle gears 82 to 86. The spool that holds and winds the film is provided with a claw portion and a gear portion that are integrally formed, and the spool is rotated by the engagement of a series of these gear trains. In addition,
The upper protruding portion of the spool is rotatably fitted to an upper portion of a spool chamber provided in the main body unit.

Next, the gear train of the rewinding system in this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view of the gear train of the rewinding system.

In the figure, a gear 91 is a first-stage gear with which the planetary gear meshes when the rewinding system is driven, and corresponds to the gear shown by the first stage gear 44 of the rewinding system in FIG. The gear 91 meshes with the two-stage gear 92 and then meshes with the gear portion of the fork 93. In the fork 93, the fork portion at the tip corresponds to the patrone shaft portion of the loaded film patrone to transmit the rotation, and the fork portion is coaxial with the patrone chamber provided in the main unit, and The fork portion is spring-biased in the direction of the arrow in the figure so that it can be moved back and forth when the cartridge is inserted.

Here, in order to effectively use the power of the motor, the hoisting system is set to a total reduction ratio of about 240 from the motor, and the rewinding system is set to a total reduction ratio of about 150.

The internal structure of each drive system has been described above,
The mechanism that enables shutter charging, mirror driving, film winding, and film rewinding by means of one clutch provided in the power unit has been shown.

Next, as an example in which the above-mentioned camera position detecting device is applied, an example used for controlling the sequence motor of the camera will be described.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an application example of the position detecting device in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

In FIG. 45, the CPU 120 sequentially executes programs stored in the internal ROM to control peripheral ICs and the like. AFIC
Reference numeral 134 is an autofocus IC. In this camera, the TTL phase difference detection method is adopted as the autofocus method.

First, the AFIC 134 has a CPU.
AFIC reset signal (AFRES) Si from 120
g101 is sent and reset. The light from the subject passes through the taking lens and reaches the photo sensor array arranged on the upper surface of the AFIC 134. Then, inside the AFIC 134, processing such as light quantity integration and quantization is performed. Then, the amount of focus shift is calculated as the distance measurement information.

When the light amount integration is completed, the signal (AFEND) Sig102 indicating that the light amount integration is completed is sent to the CPU.
Sent to 120. AFIC134 and CPU for distance measurement information
Signal indicating that communication between 120 (AFCEN)
Sig103, data signal (DATA) Sig104,
CP in the synchronization clock signal (CLK) Sig105
Transferred to U120.

By the way, if the characteristics of the respective elements of the photosensor array vary, accurate distance measurement information cannot be obtained as it is. Therefore, the variation information of the photo sensor array is stored in advance in the EEPROM 135, which is a non-volatile storage element, and the CPU 120 performs the correction calculation of the distance measurement information obtained from the AFIC 134. In addition, the EEPROM 135 stores various adjustment values such as mechanical variations and variations in electrical characteristics of various elements. These adjustment values are stored in the EEPROM 1 if necessary.
35, that is, a signal (EPCEN) Sig107 that activates 35, that is, a data signal (DA).
TA) Sig108, synchronous clock signal (CLK) Si
Reading can be performed by g109. In addition, CPU1
Data is exchanged between 20, the AFIC 134, and the EEPROM 135 by serial communication.

The date module 137 imprints the date on the film by the imprint signal Sig110 from the CPU 120. The light emission time of the projection lamp changes stepwise depending on the film ISO speed. The interface IC (hereinafter referred to as IFIC) 138 is activated by the IFIC activation signal (IFCENb) Sig111 from the CPU 120, and the CPU 120 and the latch signal (LATC).
H) Sig112, 4-bit bus line signal (D0b-
D3b) Sig113 to Sig116, D / Ab signal S
Perform parallel communication using the ig117, measure subject brightness, measure temperature inside the camera, shape the output signal waveform of the photo interrupter, etc., control the constant voltage drive of the motor, generate temperature stable voltage, generate temperature proportional voltage, battery Remaining amount check, infrared remote control reception, motor driver IC
Control of various LEDs, low voltage monitoring of power supply voltage, control of booster circuit, and the like.

The latch signal Sig112 is a signal for timing the reading of the signal on the bus line. The D / Ab signal is a 4-bit bus line signal Sig1.
13 to Sig116 is a signal indicating whether it indicates an address or data. D / Ab
4-bit bus line signal Sig1 when the signal is "L"
13 to Sig116 represent addresses, and when the D / Ab signal is "H", 4-bit bus line signal Sig113 to.
Sig116 represents data.

The subject brightness is measured by using the silicon photodiode 170 divided into two parts. The light receiving surface of the sensor is divided into two parts, that is, the central part of the screen and the peripheral part thereof, and the SPOT for performing photometry only in a part of the central part of the screen.
It is possible to perform photometry, average photometry using the entire screen, and two types of photometry. The photometric sensor outputs a current corresponding to the subject brightness to the IFIC 138. I
The FIC 138 converts the output from the photometric sensor into a voltage and transfers it to the CPU 120. The CPU 120 performs exposure calculation, backlight judgment, etc. based on the voltage information.

For measuring the temperature inside the camera, a voltage proportional to the absolute temperature is output by the circuit built in the IFIC 138, and the signal is obtained by A / D conversion by the CPU 120. The obtained temperature measurement value is used for correction of mechanical members and electric signals whose state changes with temperature. In the waveform shaping of the photo interrupter or the like, the photocurrent of the output of the photo interrupter or the photo reflector is compared with the reference current, and output from the IFIC 138 as a rectangular wave. At this time, noise is removed by giving a hysteresis to the reference current. Further, the reference current and the hysteresis characteristic can be changed by communicating with the CPU 120.

To check the remaining capacity of the battery, connect a low resistance to both ends of the battery, divide the voltage across both ends of the battery when a current is applied, and divide the voltage inside the IFIC138 so that the CPU
Output to 120, and the CPU 120 performs A / D conversion to obtain a voltage value. In the reception of the infrared light remote controller, the modulated infrared light is emitted from the light projecting LED 141 of the remote controller transmitting unit 140, and the infrared light is received by the light receiving silicon photodiode 142. The output of the silicon photodiode 142 is subjected to processing such as waveform shaping inside the IFIC 138 and transferred to the CPU 120.

For low voltage monitoring of the power supply voltage, the IFIC is provided with a dedicated terminal. When the voltage input to the IFIC falls below a specified value, the IFIC 138 sends a reset signal to the CP.
It is output to U120 to prevent runaway or the like of the CPU 120. The control of the booster circuit is to operate the booster circuit when the power supply voltage drops below a predetermined value. Further, the IFIC 138 is connected with an LED 143 for displaying in the finder for the end of AF distance measurement, a flash light emission warning, or an LED used for a photo interrupter or the like.

On / off of these LEDs and control of the amount of emitted light are controlled by the CPU 120 and the EEPROM 135, I.
Communication is performed between the FICs 138, and the IFIC 138 directly controls. What is controlled is the LED current Sig131 of SCPI147 and the LED current Sig1 of LDPI148.
32, LED current Sig133 of ZMPR172, ZM
LED current Sig134 and AVPI152 of PI173
LED current Sig135, WPR178 LED current Sig146 and finder display LED 143
Is on and off.

In the constant voltage drive control of the motor, the CPU
By communicating with 120, the drive voltage can be set stepwise. The motor driver IC 139 performs film feeding, shutter charging, and mirror driving, and is a motor 144 corresponding to the motor 14 in FIG. 8 (hereinafter referred to as a sequence motor to distinguish from other motors) and a lens for focus adjustment. Driving LD motor 145,
Driving three motors of the ZM motor 146 for zooming the lens frame, driving the booster circuit, driving the LED 171 for displaying the self-timer operation, and a front curtain magnet (MGF) for attracting and holding the front curtain of the focal plane shutter.
176, a rear curtain magnet (MGS) 177 that attracts and holds the rear curtain of the focal plane shutter is controlled.

These operation controls, for example, which device is driven, whether the motor is normally or reversely rotated,
Apply the signal of CPU120 to IFIC1
38, and the IFIC 138 controls the transistors of the motor driver 139 by a signal Sig 118 that turns on and off. Whether the sequence motor 144 is in the shutter charge, film winding, or film rewinding state is a photo interrupter for detection, SCPI1.
The signal Sig119 is detected at 47 and is output to the CPU 120.

The amount of extension of the lens is detected by the photo interrupter LDPI 148 attached to the LD motor 145, and the output Sig 120 is sent to the CPU 120 after being waveform-shaped by the IFIC 138. The zooming state of the lens frame is based on the photo interrupter ZMPI1 built in the lens frame.
73 and photo reflector ZMPR172. When the lens frame is between TELE and WIDE, the high reflection portion provided on the lens frame is configured to face the ZMPR 172, and the non-reflection portion is configured to face in the other range.

Accordingly, the output Sig1 of the ZMPR 172 is obtained.
By inputting 21 to the CPU 120, the TELE end, W
It becomes possible to detect the IDE end. ZMPI173 is ZM
It is attached to the motor 146, and its output Sig122 is waveform-shaped by the IFIC 138 and then input to the CPU 120 to detect the amount of zooming from the TELE end or the WIDE end.

The motor driver IC 150 includes a stepping motor and an AV motor for driving the aperture adjusting unit as CP.
ON / OFF signal (ENA) Sig136 from U120
It is driven by a normal rotation and reverse rotation signal (IN) Sig123. The AVPI 152 outputs its output S
ig124 is wave-shaped by IFIC138 and CPU12
0 is input to detect the aperture open position.

The liquid crystal display panel 136 displays the number of film frames, the photographing mode, the flash mode, the aperture value, the remaining battery level, etc. by the segment signal (SEG) Sig125 and the common signal (COM) Sig126 sent from the CPU 120. It has become.

The strobe unit 179 is for giving a necessary luminance to the subject by causing the arc tube to emit light when the luminance of the subject is insufficient at the time of photographing or autofocus distance measurement. At IFIC
138 strobe charge signal (STCHG) Sig12
7, strobe light emission start signal (STON) Sig128,
It is controlled by each signal of the signal Sig129 for stopping the stroboscopic light emission. Also, the charging voltage of the strobe is sent to the CPU 120 as a VST signal Sig130.

The WPR 178 is a photoreflector for detecting the amount of film fed. This WPR178
Are arranged to face the perforation of the film. Since the light reflectance differs between the film surface and the perforation portion, the output of the WPR 178 differs when corresponding to each. Since the WPR 178 and the perforation alternately face each other when the film is fed, the output Sig 147 of the WPR 178 becomes a pulse, and by counting the number, the film 1
It is possible to detect the movement amount for each frame.

Key signals 0-5 (KEY0-KEY5) S
ig137 to Sig142 and key common 0 to 2 (K
EYCOM0 to 2) Sig143 to Sig145 are used to detect which of the switches 121 to 133 is on.

The above KEY0 to KEY5 are normally the CPU1.
The signal level is in the "H" state because it is pulled up inside 20. Here, for example, KEYCOM0Si
It is assumed that g143 is "L", KEYCOM1Sig144 is "H", and KEYCOMSig145 is "H". If R1SW121 is turned on at this point, KEY0
Sig137 changes from "H" to "L". Therefore, the signal levels of KEYCOM0 to 2Sig143 to Sig145, and KEY0 to 5Sig137 to Sig142.
If the signal level of
You can see which of the 33 is on. In addition, KEYCOM0 to 2Sig143 to Sig
Two or more 145 cannot be set to "L" at the same time.

First release switch (R1SW)
Reference numeral 121 turns on when the release button is half-pushed to perform a distance measuring operation. The second release switch (R2SW) 122 is turned on when the release button is fully pressed, and a shooting operation is performed based on various measured values. Zoom up switch (ZUSW) 12
3 and a zoom down switch (ZDSW) 124 are switches for zooming the lens frame, and when ZUSW 123 is turned on, zooming is performed in the long focus direction, and when ZDSW 124 is turned on, zooming is performed in the short focus direction.

When the self-switch (SELFSW) 125 is turned on, the self-timer photographing mode or the standby state of the remote controller is set. In this state, R2SW12
If 2 is turned on, self-timer shooting is performed, and if a shooting operation is performed with the remote control transmitter, shooting is performed with the remote control. When the spot switch (SPOTSW) 126 is turned on, the spot metering mode is set in which metering is performed only in a part of the center of the photographing screen. Note that the SPOTSW126
Normal photometry when is off is performed using the entire shooting screen.

Pict 1 switch (PCT1SW) 127
A pictogram 4SW (PCT4SW) 130 and a program switch (PSW) 131 are program photographing mode changeover switches, and a photographer selects a mode according to photographing conditions. When the PCT1SW127 is turned on, the portrait mode is set, and the aperture and the shutter speed are determined so that the depth of field becomes shallow within the proper exposure range. When the PCT2SW128 is turned on, the night view mode is set, and the value is set one step lower than the value of the proper exposure at the time of normal shooting. When the PCT3SW129 is turned on, the landscape mode is set, and the aperture and shutter speed values are determined so that the depth of field is as deep as possible within the proper exposure range.

When the PCT4SW 130 is turned on, the stop motion mode is set, and the shutter speed is set to be as high as possible. At this time, the red-eye prevention mode of the flash mode cannot be used.

The above PCT1SW127 to PCT4SW
No more than one 130 can be selected at the same time.

The PSW 131 is a normal program photographing mode switch. By pressing this PSW131,
The PCT1SW127 to PCT4SW130 are reset and the AV priority program mode described later is reset.

In, AV priority switch (AVSW)
When 133 is turned on, the shooting mode becomes the aperture priority program mode. In this mode, the photographer determines the AV value,
The shutter speed is determined by the program according to the AV value. In this mode, the PCT2SW128 and the PCT4SW130 have no function as described above and serve as AV value setting switches. The PCT2SW128 is a switch for increasing the AV value, and the PCT4SW130 is a switch for decreasing the AV value.

A strobe switch (STSW) 132 is a strobe light emission mode changeover switch, which is a normal automatic light emission mode (AUTO) or a red-eye reduction automatic light emission mode (AUTO).
-S), forced light emission mode (FILL-IN), strobe off mode.

The power switch (PWSW) 153 is the main switch of this camera.

The panorama switch (PANSW) 154 is a switch for detecting whether the photographing state is the panoramic photographing or the normal photographing and is turned on during the panoramic photographing.

The back cover switch (BKSW) 155 is a switch for detecting the state of the back cover and is in the off state when the back cover is closed. When the BKSW 155 shifts from the ON state to the OFF state, film loading starts.

Shutter charge switch (SCSW)
156 is a switch for detecting the shutter charge.

Mirror up switch (MUSW) 157
Is a switch for detecting mirror up, which is turned on by mirror up.

The DX switch (DXSW) 158 is a D indicating the sensitivity of the film printed on the film cartridge.
A switch for reading the X code and for detecting the presence / absence of film loading, which is composed of five switch groups (not shown).

Pop-up switch (PUPSW) 15
Reference numeral 9 is a switch for controlling the strobe. PUPSW1
Reference numeral 59 is interlocked with the movement of the strobe light emitting portion, and when the light emitting portion is raised, the PUPSW 159 is turned on to perform strobe charging. When the subject has low brightness and the strobe mode is Auto, PUPSW159
If is turned on, strobe emission is enabled.

The rewinding switch (RWMSW) 160 is a switch for forcibly rewinding the film. R
WMSW160 is on to force film rewind.

The XSW 174 is a switch for adjusting the timing of strobe light emission, and is turned on when the front curtain of the shutter has finished traveling, and turned off when the shutter charge is completed.

The piezoelectric buzzer (PCV) 175 emits a sound at the time of focusing at the time of autofocus and at the time of operating the switch.

Next, the method of detecting the clutch portion used in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 38 to 44.

As described above, since the clutch portion is composed of the plurality of cams and the engagement surface, the relationship between the clutch lever and the clutch cam that engages the same becomes a problem.
That is, it is necessary to surely and instantaneously determine to which drive system the power is transmitted when the motor rotation direction on the driving side is switched from the motor rotation in the clutch switching direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, the position of the clutch cam can be detected by the following method.

Although the development view of the clutch cam has been described with reference to FIG. 43, the lift amount is different from h2 and h1 on the locking surface at the shutter / mirror driving position and the winding / rewinding locking surface. That is, when the shutter / mirror drive position can be locked, when the lift amount h2 is down from the top dead center when the clutch cam is rotating in the switching direction,
Until the next top dead center is over and down. Therefore, since there is only one h2 down during one rotation of the clutch cam, it is possible to grasp the absolute position by detecting the state of the cam surface or the lever at this location. In this embodiment, a method of detecting the absolute position by detecting the position of the clutch lever that is in contact with the cam will be described in detail below.

FIG. 38 shows the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever. The lever is spring-biased in the direction of the arrow.

The difference from the conceptual diagram described with reference to FIG. 16 and the like is that the detection unit (upper side in the figure) is integrally formed. The sensor monitoring position (SE point) indicated by the arrow is the detection point of the only photoelectric sensor in this clutch,
In this embodiment, it is a place where the state of the clutch lever 47 can be detected by a photo interrupter (SCPI).

FIG. 44 is an enlarged perspective view showing the relationship between the SCPI and the clutch lever 47.

Now, FIG. 38 shows the state where the shutter / mirror position is locked. That is, the clutch lever 47 is located at a position h2 lower than the outermost circumference of the clutch cam 42. At SE point, the clutch lever 47
The Xd section in the inside corresponds, but here, in order to explain what the Xd section is, a cross section CC ′ is shown in FIG. 42.

The wall thickness of the detection portion is L, but the wall thickness of the Xd portion corresponding to the SE point is L1. Then, as is apparent from FIG. 38, when the clutch lever 47 is lifted by the clutch cam 42, the detection surface corresponding to the SE point moves to Xe and Xf. The Xe portion has a wall thickness L2, and the Xf portion has a hole formed therein, and there is nothing for blocking the photo interrupter. Here, the clutch lever 47 is a molding member in which the locking portion and the detection portion are integrally molded.

Since the photo interrupter SCPI receives the projected infrared light, even the integrally formed clutch lever 47 has different thicknesses Xd and Xd.
Different outputs can be obtained if the transmittance of the e portion is different. Specifically, in this embodiment, the transmittance of the Xd portion is set to about 0, the transmittance of the Xe portion is set to about 25%, and the Xf portion is set to 100% because it is a hole. Therefore, the thickness of the clutch lever 47 is L1: 0.
The width L is set to 7 mm and L2 is 0.2 mm, and the total width L is set to 0.8 mm from the package interval of the photo interrupter SCPI.

To clarify the positional relationship of the clutch lever 47 with respect to the SCPI switch portion, FIG. 44 is a perspective view of the clutch lever and the SCPI. The SCPI signal is guided to the detection unit by a flexible substrate (not shown).

With these configurations, the SCPI can always grasp the lift amount of the clutch lever 47 in three states of maximum, h1 down, and h2 down.
Although it has been described here that the material for the clutch lever is a mold, it goes without saying that the characteristic of the clutch lever is that the plate has a color of approximately 0.7 mm that can shield light almost completely. In addition, in the present embodiment, the thickness is 0.2 mm and 2
Although a material of 5% transmission is used, the thickness is not particularly limited to this, and there is no problem in terms of mechanism even if appropriately changed.

By the way, it has been stated that the absolute position can be detected because there is only one range where h2 is down in the entire circumference of the cam.
The behavior of the clutch lever 47 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 38 to 41.

FIG. 38 shows a state where the shutter / mirror position is locked, that is, a normal standby position.
Now, considering the actual shooting operation, the camera winds after exposure and drives the drive system in the order of shutter charge.

Therefore, the clutch section must be switched immediately after the completion of exposure (including the mirror down) to transmit power to the hoisting drive system. After the mirror down is completed in the state of FIG. 38, the motor starts reverse rotation. Since the reverse rotation here means the rotation in the clutch switching direction, the clutch cam 42 is disengaged from the engagement surface, and in the figure,
Rotate clockwise.

This is the state shown in FIG. 39, and the clutch lever is lifted against the biasing force of the spring. FIG. 39 shows a state in which the lift has finished and the rotation of the cam has progressed to the top dead center.
The Xf portion, which is a hole, corresponds to the sensor surface, that is, the SE point.

Now, set the output level of the sensor in this state to H
ig (hereinafter, H level). In addition, the output level of the light shielding unit corresponding to FIG. 38 is set to Low (hereinafter, L level). Furthermore, the output level corresponding to the intermediate Xe section is set to Mi.
d (hereinafter M level). However, the output here is S
Consider a waveform output from a single CPI that does not include a stable output, that is, a value that is output momentarily during switching. Therefore, when the clutch lever 47 moves, for example, from Xd to Xf during switching, Xe is briefly
Output is obtained, but that part is omitted for convenience in the description here.

After the state shown in FIG. 39, the motor continues to rotate further, so the cam continues to rotate to the right, and when the top dead center range ends, h1 is lowered. As a result, the clutch lever 47 also rotates following the clutch cam 42, and S
The detection unit corresponding to the point E is the Xe unit. The motor is stopped by judging the Xe portion. That is, the rotation of the motor in the mechanical system driving direction drives the hoisting system.
Guaranteed by the discretion of the department.

FIG. 40 shows the state at the moment when the motor stops.

Since the motor braked by the M level judgment also slightly overruns, the engagement surface of the clutch cam 42 is not in contact with the clutch lever 47 in this state. In this camera, since exposure to winding is a series of operations, the state of FIG. 40 is momentary, and the motor switches to rotation in the drive direction. Then, the clutch cam 42 is locked,
FIG. 41 shows a state in which the hoisting system is being driven.

The switching from the shutter / mirror system to the hoisting system has been described above. Here, the M-level determination is performed to detect the Xe portion. However, as a feature of this embodiment, there are two ranges in which the M-level output is output, and absolute position detection cannot be performed. Therefore, it is actually necessary to determine the level and the level count (how many times the M level is). In this camera, it is judged that the first M level is the winding upper part and the second M level is the rewinding part with respect to the initial position.
The place is judged. Therefore, if you want to forcibly rewind during shooting, set the initial position (shutter,
The clutch rotated from the mirror position) passes through the hoisting system,
By stopping at the second M-level judgment, any rewinding from any state is possible.

Prior to the description of the entire operation, the clutch mechanism during a series of photographing operations will be described with reference to the timing chart shown in FIG. Although the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the present embodiment is applied has a zoom mechanism and an autofocus mechanism built in the lens frame unit, the timing chart shows that these are not directly related to the power system of the camera body. The behavior of the actuator is omitted.

This camera is equipped with a two-step stroke release. Distance measurement and lens extension are performed with the release. This operation is performed between timings T01 and T02, and normally when a focus evaluation cannot be obtained, a warning is issued and the operation does not proceed to T02 and thereafter. 2nd at T02. When the release is permitted, the motor is first applied with a voltage in the CW direction. The CW direction is a rotation direction that can drive any power system in the conceptual diagrams described above.

Since the initial position of the clutch portion is the shutter / mirror system, the motor rotation from T02 is transmitted to the SM cam gear 58 and the shutter charge cam portion 58b (charge cam) and the mirror drive cam portion 58a which are integral with the cam gear 58. (Mirror cam) and change respectively. T
At the moment when the motor is turned on in 02, the camera is on standby with the shutter charging completed. Therefore, the timing gear 59 and the timing board 60 meshing with the SM cam gear 58 are detected to detect the phase of the SM cam gear 58. The states of the two switches formed by are changed as follows.

First, at T02, the timing SW charge (hereinafter, SCSW) is on, and the timing SW mirror (hereinafter, MUSW) is off. The SM cam gear 58 rotates, and the charge cam moves down to the bottom dead center (T04).
Here, since SCSW is a SW that determines that the cam is surely present at the top dead center, it shifts to OFF at the timing of T03 before the charge cam goes down. The mirror cam starts to lift almost at the same time as the charge cam goes down. Miller continues to climb and reaches top dead center at T05.

That is, at this point of time, the mirror is retracted from the optical path for photographing and exposure becomes possible. Immediately after T05 when the actual raising of the mirror is completed, the MUSW is turned on (T06), and it is possible to determine the end of the mirror drive. T0
Upon receiving 6, the motor stops. Actually, in order to stop the motor at high speed and accurately, a control that combines a reverse brake and a short brake is performed at the time of stopping, but here it is considered that the motor stopped at a slight overrun after T06. . Of course, this overrun is sufficiently narrow for the top dead center range of the mirror cam. Exposure is performed when the motor is stopped.

In the timing chart, since T07 is the motor start for mirror down, the exposure is T06.
However, the description is omitted here. However, the method of controlling the off-timing of the magnets of the front curtain and the rear curtain attracted by the shutter part to form the necessary exposure time is not different from the known method. Now, when the exposure is completed, the mirror down operation is started at T07, which corresponds to the start thereof, and the SM cam gear that is the same as the power system driven at the time of the mirror up is rotated.
It is sufficient to perform W rotation.

When the cam starts rotating, the MUSW turns off at T22. Since the MUSW reliably detects the up state of the mirror, T05 of the mirror cam top dead center is detected.
To T23 are included in the range from T06 to T22. The mirror cam starts to descend from T23 and returns to the normal 45 ° down position at T09. Here, in this embodiment, the timing of the mirror down completion is not detected in order to minimize the number of sensors. Therefore, in terms of control, a constant timer is started from T22, and the motor is stopped at T08 at the set time to perform mirror down.

Although the timing of T08 is set slightly before T09, the timer is set so that the state of T09 is surely secured in the motor stopped state due to the overrun of the motor.

With the above description, a series of operations from release to mirror up, exposure, and mirror down have been completed.

In this embodiment, next, winding is performed. Since the drive system for winding is different, it is necessary to switch the clutch. At T10, clutch switching starts, and CCW rotation of the motor starts. As a result, the clutch cam 42, which has been locked at the charging position until now, rotates to the winding position. The clutch lever 47 is also lifted by the cam 42, but since the shutter mirror system was locked at the start timing of T10, the output of the clutch photo interrupter is Low. When the clutch lever 47 is lifted by the rotation of the motor, the photo interrupter output passes from the L level to the M level and becomes the H level. The fall timing after the H level range means the transition to the next locking surface.

Since the output level of the hoisting system is the M level, the clutch lever 47 following the cam down causes the photo interrupter to output the M level at T11. As a result, the motor stops, but there is a slight overrun, so the clutch cam 42 is rotated slightly to the rewinding side, and the clutch lever 47 is not in contact with the locking surface. T11
After that, at T12, the motor starts CW rotation. This C
The W rotation is a rotation in which the clutch cam 42 is first applied to the locking surface of the winding and the winding system is driven as it is.

That is, the spool starts to rotate in the winding direction from T13. In this embodiment, a photoreflector (feed PR) is used to detect the film feed amount (feed detection), and a method of directly counting the perforation of the film is used. Therefore, the perforation for one frame, that is, the output of 8 pulses is output from the feeding photo reflector. The first pulse from T12 is T14, and the rise of the photoreflector output is counted sequentially. When the eighth pulse is determined at T15, the motor immediately stops.

Incidentally, in order to actually stabilize the stopping accuracy of the film, the drive system is controlled before counting the eighth pulse, but the details are omitted here. The film side completed the preparation for the next shooting by winding one frame.

Finally, the shutter is charged and the series of operations is completed. First, the motor is CC again by T16.
Perform W rotation. This time, it is a switching operation from winding to shutter / mirror system.

Similar to the above-mentioned case, the stop timing is determined by the output of the SCPI, but when the clutch is rotated from the winding, first the M is temporarily returned at the rewinding position.
The level is output. Of course, if the motor is rotated CW here, the film will be rewound. Therefore, the determination unit passes the M level and continues the CW rotation.
As a result, the clutch lever lifts for the second time, and outputs the L level from SCPI at the timing of T18. However, the clutch cam 42 does not come into contact with the locking surface because the clutch cam 42 is rotated upward by the amount of overrun.

The motor starts CW rotation from T19. This rotation causes the clutch cam 42 to
The SM cam gear 58 is rotated by contacting the mirror position. The SM cam gear 58 is rotated to the mirror down in the operation before hoisting, and the cam shifts to the charge area of the charge cam. The shutter is charged by the charge cam, and the shutter charging is completed at the timing of the top dead center T20.

Since it is the charge SW that determines the completion of charging of the shutter, the SW shifts to ON at T21 which is slightly delayed from T20. Upon receiving this determination, the motor immediately stops. Of course, the amount of overrun at this time is narrow enough for the top dead center range of the charge cam to be SCS.
It is also configured to be sufficiently narrow with respect to the ON range of W.

With the above sequence, the preparation for the next photographing is completed, and the normal photographing sequence is completed.

Now, in the timing chart of FIG. 46, S
The principle of detecting the absolute position by utilizing the fact that the direct output of the CPI changes from the Low level to the High level has been described. However, the output of the SCPI is actually judged by the CPU via a processing circuit or the like. The circuit configuration will be described in detail below.

FIG. 47 is an electric circuit diagram showing a structure of an electric circuit of the position detecting mechanism in the camera.

In FIG. 47, reference numeral 191 is a clutch lever,
Reference numeral 192 is a detection photo interrupter SCPI, and reference numeral 194 is L built in the photo interrupter 192.
A current source for switching the current flowing through the ED 195 to change the brightness of the LED 195, and a reference numeral 193 is a resistor for converting the photocurrent of the phototransistor 196 into a voltage.

Next, the position detecting method will be described.

As described with reference to FIGS. 38 to 41, when the motor performs the switching operation, the clutch lever 47 moves. At this time, the moving portion of the clutch lever 47 moves at the concave-shaped detecting portion of the photo interrupter 192. At this time, in the moving portion of the clutch lever 47, the Xd, Xe, and Xf portions shown in FIG. 42 reciprocate.

Xd, Xe, X of the clutch lever 47
Since the portions f have different transmittances, an output signal corresponding to the transmittances can be obtained. That is, as shown in FIG. 48, when the photo interrupter 192 (SCPI) corresponds to the light shielding portion Xd of the clutch lever 47, the level of the output signal becomes V1.

Further, the semi-transparent portion Xe of the clutch lever 47
If the photo interrupter 192 (SCPI) corresponds to the above, the level of the output signal is V2, and if the SCPI corresponds to all the transmission portions Xf of the clutch lever 47, the level of the output signal is equal to V2. It becomes V3.

By the way, in the present embodiment, the movement of the clutch lever 47 is caused by the photo interrupter 192 (SCP
To explain which part of the clutch lever 47 I) corresponds to, Xd → Xf → Xe → Xf → Xe → Xd is 1
It works as a cycle. Therefore, the clutch lever 47
The waveform of the output signal when the is operated is as shown in FIG.

When the initial position is detected here, L
When the current flowing through the ED 195 is adjusted to an appropriate value, the output signal waveform as shown in FIG. 50 is obtained. At this time, the clutch lever 47 is detected to be in the initial position by detecting the falling portion from the output level V'3 to V'1.

Next, when detecting the states 2 and 3,
The LED current is adjusted again so that the output signal waveform as shown in FIG. 51 is obtained. V3 of this signal waveform
The position of the clutch lever can be detected by counting the fall from "" to V2 ".

By the way, it is known that, in the case of a rotary type clutch, if the shape of the gear is improper, interference between the tooth tips will occur at the time of switching.

Therefore, generally, in the planetary clutch mechanism, the tooth thickness of the addendum is made as small as possible, and especially in the case of a metal gear, the dislocation is set so that the involute tooth profile becomes the sharp limit. To prevent interference.

Further, in the case of a mold gear in which the R portion is slightly left at the tip, for example, the applicant of the present invention has a patent application 4-
The method proposed by No. 317421, which is provided with a position regulating member, and controls the phase at the point where the teeth start contact with each other during revolution is effective.

However, also in this method, it is necessary to sharpen the tooth thickness to some extent, and there is a layout restriction because the position regulating member is provided.

The present embodiment has been made in view of these circumstances, and provides an interference preventing mechanism which does not require a sharp tooth thickness and a position regulating member.

First, the mechanism of these interferences will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 52 is an explanatory view showing in detail the rotary clutch conceptually described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19.

In FIG. 52, the charge system (shutter, mirror system) of the camera is driven, and the central sun gear 501 rotates in the direction of the arrow to mesh with the tip of the gear 510. A charge system (not shown) is being driven.

In this driving state, the sun gear 50
1, the planetary gear 503 and the gear 505 have their centers of rotation aligned on a substantially straight line, and the distance between them is an amount having an appropriate backlash. Above planetary gear 503
Is held by the clutch cam 502 with friction, and due to this friction force, the clutch cam receives a turning force in the direction of the arrow in the figure, like the sun gear 501. However, the clutch lever 504 is biased by a spring (not shown) toward the clutch cam 502. Therefore, the stopper portion 5 of the clutch lever 504
04a comes into contact with a cam surface provided on the outer periphery of the clutch cam 502.

The clutch cam 502 is provided with three engaging portions, one of which is the charge system engaging position 502a abutting the clutch lever 504. This clutch cam 502 and clutch lever 5
In the state shown in FIG. 52, the layout with respect to 04 is such that the revolution of the clutch cam 502 is not allowed anymore.
The meshing is ensured at an optimum position with respect to 5.

In this figure, the gears and the ground plate which pivotally supports the levers are omitted to clarify the behavior of the clutch, but each gear is rotatably held, and the levers and the gears are in the vertical direction. The position is different, and the cam portion of the clutch cam allows it to swing freely.

In the figure, a photo interrupter (PI) 508
Of the clutch lever 504 is inserted into the slit portion thereof, and the sensor portion of the photo interrupter corresponds to the portions of the thicknesses L11 and L22 and the hole 504b.

The hole 504b is a portion which transmits 100% of the LED light of the photo interrupter 508.
The thickness L11 has a transmittance of approximately 0%, and the thickness L22 has a transmittance of approximately 25%.

The clutch lever 504 is, for example,
It is a member integrally molded by a dark gray mold member, and the gear 50 meshes with the planetary gear 503.
5, an urging spring 509 is provided. The urging spring 509 is a part of a ground plate (not shown) that supports gears and the like, and this part will be described later in detail.

By the way, the state shown in FIG. 52 is a state in which the charge system is being driven, which is the so-called initial position in this camera. Consider the case where the mirror-up, exposure, and mirror-down are completed in this state and the process moves to the winding.

When the motor rotates in the clutch switching direction (the direction opposite to the arrow in FIG. 52), the clutch cam 502
Also rotates in the direction opposite to the arrow. The clutch cam 502 is provided with lift cams between three locking positions. Therefore, as the cam revolves in the switching direction, the clutch lever 504 is gradually lifted against the spring and moves to the next locking position by revolving about 1/3.

The down amount of the clutch cam 502 is different between the initial position and the other two locking positions. In the state of FIG. 52, the detected portion corresponds to another locking position corresponding to L11 (winding,
The rewind position) corresponds to L22, and the outer circumference of the cam corresponds to the hole, so that the position can be detected by the method described above.

Next, with reference to FIG. 53, the tooth tip interference which becomes a problem when the clutch is switched will be described.

FIG. 53 is an explanatory view showing a state immediately before the planetary gear 503 returns to the initial position from the gear 507 direction of the rewinding system of the clutch mechanism in this embodiment.

The clutch cam 502 is the clutch lever 5
04 is lifted to almost the top dead center, and the photo interrupter 508 corresponds to the hole. Since the sun gear 501 rotates in the direction of the arrow, the clutch cam 5
02 also rotates in the direction of the arrow.

FIG. 53 shows the time when the outer diameter of the tooth top of the planetary gear 503 and the outer diameter of the tooth top of the gear 505 just contact due to the revolution of the clutch cam 502. In this state, if there is a phase such that the involute curves of the above-mentioned gears (although not particularly explained, all gears in this embodiment are involute tooth profiles) come into contact with each other, the clutch cam will have no problem, It can be revolved around.

However, since the clutch does not particularly limit the phase of the planetary gear or the phase of the gear 505 when stopped, the meshing does not always start in the optimum state. FIG. 53 shows the worst state, that is, the involute curve does not serve as the contact point in any gear, and the tooth outer diameters contact each other.

Next, in the above-mentioned state, the gear 505 is temporarily assumed.
Let's consider the case where is rotatable but its center of rotation is immovable.

As shown in the figure, the planetary gears 503,
The gears 505 both try to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure. That is, the planetary gear 503 tries to slip into between the sun gear 501 and the gear 505 from the state where the tooth tips are in contact with each other. However, as long as the tooth tips interfere with each other, the planetary gear 503 cannot enter between the shafts set in the meshed state, so the clutch is in the mechanical lock state and cannot be switched unless either tooth tip slips. .

Now, let us consider the state shown in FIG.

In FIG. 54, the initial position, that is, the state where the planetary gear 503 is moved to the regular meshing position in order to detect the L11 portion of the clutch lever and stop the motor to rotate the charge system in the driving direction, is shown. Shows.

In actual control, the motor is stopped immediately after confirming the output of L11, but the clutch cam stops at a position slightly rotated from the locked position because of overrun. From this state, in this camera, the mechanical (shutter charge, etc.) is performed at the initial position, so that the sun gear 501 rotates in the arrow direction in FIG. 54, and the clutch cam 502 also rotates in the arrow direction. To go.

By the way, even in the above-mentioned state, FIG.
As described in Section 3, when the tooth tips accidentally collide with each other, the planetary gear 503 is changed to the sun gear 501 and the gear 50.
You can't even rush into between five. In this case, it is assumed that the turning center position of the gear 505 does not change, that it cannot slip. Therefore, even in the state of FIG. 54, the clutch is in the mechanical lock unless either of the tooth tips slips off.

The above is the description of the addendum interference of the rotary clutch.

52 to 54, in order to explain the above-mentioned phenomenon, it is considered that the tooth tips are in contact with each other without sliding, but in reality, the tooth tips of each gear are set to the sharpness limit. It is configured such that stable switching can be performed by setting.

By the way, when attempting to reduce the size and weight of the clutch, it is important to reduce the number of gear teeth and mold the gear.

First, consider molding.

By molding, the modules 0.1 to 0.
When a gear of about 5 is to be manufactured, the tip tooth width remains about 0.03 mm due to the wire diameter of the discharge electrode or a short circuit at the time of molding even if the specifications are set to the sharp limit in design. Therefore, no matter how you try to avoid tooth tip interference, it is hard to say that it is only necessary to use the gear specifications.

Considering the case of miniaturization, the number of gear teeth needs to be about 10 teeth. Therefore, a gear having a small number of teeth needs to be largely displaced to reduce the tip tooth width. However, the interference between the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms becomes a problem in meshing the positively dislocated gears with a small number of teeth. That is, even in the case of a molding gear, it is general that the diameter of the tooth bottom is raised to 0.25 mm, but when the required backlash is set, the tooth tips and the tooth bottom may interfere with each other.

This corresponds to a combination of gears that requires changing the addendum as described in JIS-B1701 as a correction amount for addendum. However,
Correction of the end of the tooth will increase the tip tooth width,
As a result, the problem is not avoided.

As described above, when an attempt is made to establish the rotary clutch only by sharpening the tooth tips,
Both the planetary gear 503 and the gear 505 are limited in terms of the number of gears having a small number of teeth.

The present embodiment has been made in view of these circumstances, and provides a mechanism in which no mechanical lock occurs even if tooth tips come into contact with each other.

As a mechanism for preventing mechanical lock, the feature of the present embodiment is that the mating gear (gear 505, gear 506, gear 507 in FIG. 52) with which the planetary gear meshes can be disengaged only at the time of interference. .

Returning to FIG. 52 again, description will be made.

In this embodiment, the planet gear 503 has the number of teeth Z =
13, the gear 505 has the number of teeth Z = 12, and both of them have such a relationship in terms of downsizing of the device, but for the reasons described above,
It is difficult to avoid tooth tip interference only by dislocation.

Further, in this embodiment, the biasing spring 509 is provided to the gear 505 on the base plate (not shown). The biasing spring 509 replaces the gear 505 with the planetary gear 5.
It always energizes the 03 side.

The gear 505 is held by the base plate, but the base plate is not provided with a fixed shaft but is provided with a substantially U-shaped groove portion (broken line portion) formed in the base plate only partially shown in FIG.

Next, the structure of the gear 505 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing the gear 505 developed in the vertical direction. The gear 505 is not a type having a fitting hole at the center thereof but a type having shafts 505a and 505b concentrically at the top and bottom. Even if the shaft portion is integrally molded with the gear tooth portion,
Even if they are integrated by press fitting, bonding, etc., the effect is the same.

In FIG. 55, the force indicated by the arrow on the shaft portion of the gear 505 is the force pressed by the gear urging spring 509 in FIG. Note that FIG.
The bottom plate of the gear 505 has been described above, but actually the top plate of the gear 505 also has a substantially U-shaped groove as shown in FIG. 55, and the upper shaft 505a also applies a biasing force in the same direction as the lower shaft 505b. Is receiving.

The substantially U groove portion provided on the base plate has a width such that the shaft portion is slidably movable in the groove portion, that is, the gear 505 is substantially in the U groove portion according to the form of the groove portion. Therefore, it is possible to move if it resists the biasing force.

53 and 54 illustrate the tooth tip interference state considered in this embodiment, the mechanical lock occurs because the axial distance between the gear 505 and the sun gear 501 does not move. However, as described above, in this embodiment, the gear 505 is configured to move against the spring biasing force.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram showing the behavior after the above-described tooth tip collision has occurred.

The gear 505 can be rotated to the vicinity of the regular meshing position while interfering with the tooth tips of the planetary gear 503. Of course, the gear 505 moves while lifting the biasing spring by the lift amount indicated by Δx in FIG. 56, but in this embodiment, the biasing force amount is set so as not to hinder the rotation of the planetary gear. There is. In addition, in the case of the gear of this embodiment, the amount of Δx is set to 0.25 m at the peak, so that the maximum amount is 2.25 m.

Next, the shape of the substantially U-shaped groove in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

First, consider the case where the motor is stopped.

When the motor is stopped, the gear 50
Since only the force of the biasing spring is applied to 5, gear 5
Reference numeral 05 is pressed by the end portion of the substantially U-shaped groove and its position is regulated. This position is the only place where the planet gear 503 and the gear 505, and the gear 505 and the gear 510 can mesh with each other at the optimum backlash. In the U-shaped groove portion, if the axial distance at which the gear 505 and the gear 510 can be meshed with each other with an optimum backlash is R1, then the R-shaped groove 505 and the gear 510 are
The groove is formed so that 1 is unchanged.

That is, as shown in FIG. 56, when the gear 505 is lifted due to tooth tip interference, the gear 50
The axial distance between the gear 5 and the gear 510 does not change, and the gear 510 moves while the mesh is secured.

Next, consider the case where the motor is rotating in the power transmission direction.

In FIG. 57, it is considered that the sun gear is rotated in the mechanical drive direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and the locking portion (not shown) locks the clutch cam of FIG. At this time, the planetary gear is restricted from revolving and transmits power to the drive system by the rotation in the direction of the arrow. The first gear of the drive system is the gear 505 and the second gear is the gear 510. Then, the gear 505 and the gear 510 respectively rotate in the directions of the arrows to transmit power.

Next, the force acting on the gear 505 will be described with reference to FIG.

In the figure, a line segment indicated by reference numeral 511 indicates a tangent line between the basic circles of the planet gear 503 and the gear 505. That is, the force from the planet gear 503 to the gear 505 acts in the direction of this line segment 511. Also, gear 5
The tangent line between the basic circles of 05 and the gear 510 is the line segment 51
Indicated by 2. That is, gear 505 to gear 5
The transmission force to 10 acts in the direction of this line segment 512.

When considering the gear 505,
A reaction force acts on the gear 505 from the gear 510 in the direction of the line segment 512.

In view of the above, the total force acting on the gear 505 is synthesized by an arrow 513 in the figure. Incidentally, when the force 513 is obtained, a force considering the transmission efficiency of gears and the like is used.

In FIG. 57, the gear 505 is indicated by the arrow 51.
Power is transmitted while being biased in three directions. When considering the gear 505, it can be seen that this is a force that acts on the gear 510 in the direction to bring the gear 505 into contact with the terminal end of the substantially U-shaped groove.

This means that a force that lifts the gear 505 against the spring cannot be generated during power transmission, and the force of the biasing spring is lifted by interference as shown in FIG. It suffices to generate the force necessary for the applied gear to re-apply to the normal position.

When the shaft which rotates integrally with the gear 505 is directly pressed as in this embodiment, since the friction loss of the shaft portion affects the transmission efficiency, the spring force can be set low. , Becomes important when considering overall efficiency.

In the above, the principle of disengagement at the time of tooth tip interference has been described in detail for the gear 505 portion which is the charge system.

In this embodiment, in addition to this, there are two types of hoisting system and rewinding system driven systems. These are the first-stage gears, namely, gear 506 and gear 507 in FIG.
Also has the same relationship, and is usually configured to be biased toward the planetary gear side by spring members (not shown).

As described above, by using this structure, it is possible to avoid the interference of the tooth tips which may be a problem at the time of switching in the rotary clutch, with a very simple structure, which greatly contributes to downsizing and cost reduction of the device. It is a thing.

Further, since the first-stage gears of all drive systems can be retracted with respect to the planetary gears, there is no need to limit the number of teeth of the gears or the dislocation coefficient, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased. Is.

By the way, as in this embodiment, in order to be able to retract regardless of which direction the tooth tip interference occurs, the planet gears and the first gear and the second gear of each drive system have a predetermined relationship. is necessary.

Now, the interference prevention principle has been described in detail in the charge system, but returning to FIG. 52, the planet gears, the gears 505,
Although the gear 510 is in the meshed state, the angle defined by the center of rotation of these three gears is indicated by the angle α on the revolution side of the clutch.

In this embodiment, the α is set to 92 degrees, so that the elongate hole for retracting the gear 505 is substantially in the same direction as the line segment connecting the sun gear 501 to the gear 505. Is.

In this embodiment, there are three kinds of drive systems, and the relationship of the hoisting system gear 506 is shown in FIG.

The gear 506 is the first stage of the hoisting system, and is a gear with which the planetary gear can mesh, and the gear 506b is 2
It is the stage and corresponds to the gear 510 of the charge system.
Now, looking at the angle between the line segment from the sun gear 501 to the gear 506 and the line segment from the gears 506 and 506b, the angle is indicated by β in FIG.

Here, the gear 506b is the gear 506,
It is laid out at an optimum position due to the relationship with the clutch lever 504 and the like, and the angle β is 115 degrees. Although the retreat locus of the gear 506 is slightly different by changing the angle β by about 25 degrees with respect to the angle α, the retreat groove is the same in that the retreat is established regardless of the turning direction.

Next, consider the gear 507 which is a rewinding system.

The gear 507 is the first stage of the rewinding system, and the gear 507b is the second stage gear. Here the gear 5
Unlike the charge system and the hoist system, 07b has approximately twice the number of teeth as the planet gears 503 and 505. Therefore, when the planetary gears are arranged outside the orbit of the revolution, the angle formed by the three gears inevitably becomes large.
In FIG. 52, an angle γ is shown, and the angle γ is set to 120 degrees here. The behavior at the time of gear interference is
Although different from the charging system, the rewinding system is the same in that the gear 507 can retract even if the gear interferes from either direction.

Summarizing what has been described above, the angle formed by the line segment defined by the first stage gear and the planetary gear of each drive system and the line segment defined by the first stage gear and the second stage gear of each drive system It can be said that if a certain relationship is satisfied, it is possible to retract with respect to interference from both directions.

In this embodiment, the angle is in the range of 92 to 120 degrees in the revolving direction of the planetary gear.

However, the angle is not limited to the above, and it is set to 1 by lowering the coefficient of friction of the evacuation slot.
It can be configured to be retractable up to about 50 degrees. Further, as the angle is made smaller, it interferes with the revolution trajectory of the planetary gear and the direction of the resultant force acting on the first gear becomes improper. Therefore, about 90 degrees is the limit for reducing the angle.

That is, by laying out each drive system so that the angle range is 90 ° to 150 °, an extremely stable clutch mechanism can be provided.

The principle of interference prevention in this embodiment has been described in detail above. Next, the operation in the one-frame shooting explained in the timing chart of FIG. 46 will be described with reference to FIGS. 66 to 6.
This will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The flow charts of FIGS. 66 to 68 are subroutines that constitute a series of shutter release sequences of mirror-up, aperture release, shutter release mirror-down, aperture open film winding, and shutter charge.

First, in step S500, if there is no flash emission request as a result of the photometric calculation (F_FLSRQ flag is "0"), the process jumps to step S508. Also,
In step S501 and step S502, when the strobe mode is not AUTO-S (red-eye reduction mode) or in stop motion mode (AE mode for fast-moving subject) in picto mode, the red-eye reduction emission is not performed in step S504. To jump.

In step S503, red-eye reduction pre-emission is performed, and in step S504, the power SW 153 may be turned off during red-eye pre-emission.
When W153 is turned off, the process jumps to step S550.

In step S505, the emission GNo. To calculate. In step S506, it is checked whether the charging voltage is a charging voltage capable of emitting light. In step S507, the charging voltage and the light emission GNo. Calculate the flash firing time from and. In step S508, the sequence clutch is switched to the mirror position. Step S5
In 09, the imprinting time of the date module 137 is calculated from the ISO value of the film. In step S510, the number of drive pulses of the stepping motor 151 from the initial position of the diaphragm is calculated from the diaphragm value and the zoom encoder value. In step S511, the excitation of the magnet that attracts and holds the front and rear curtains of the shutter is turned on.

Next, steps S512 to S52.
Before explaining 0, according to Table 1 shown in FIG. 69, F_UTY
The relationship between the 3 and 4 flags and the MiUP and MiRDN subroutines will be described.

Each subroutine is F_UTY3,
The processing contents can be switched by the flag of 4. When F_UTY3 is set to "1" and the subroutine is CALL, mirror up or mirror down processing is performed. F_U
When the flag of TY4 is set to "1" and the subroutine is called, the operation of narrowing down or opening up is performed. In FIG. 69, if both the flags of F_UTY3 and F_UTY4 are set to "1" and a subroutine call is performed, two processes can be performed simultaneously with the aperture being opened while the mirror is being raised and the aperture being opened while the mirror is being lowered.

In steps S512 and 513, the F-UT
Set both Y3 and 4 to "1". Next, step S514.
If the sequential drive flag is "1", step S51 is performed in order to perform mirror up and narrowing down separately.
In step 5, F_UTY3 is set to "0".

Here, in order to minimize the image disappearance time, the aperture is narrowed down first, and then the mirror is raised. The sequential drive flag is set by the battery check in step S309 performed before driving. That is, when the power supply cannot supply the energy necessary for driving the mirror and the diaphragm at the same time, it is judged by the battery check based on the power supply voltage data written in the EEPROM 135 by the adjuster in advance, and the diaphragm and the mirror are driven separately. This is a flag for instructing switching.

In step S516, F_UTY3,4.
Mirror up or narrow down according to the contents of. In step S517, if the sequential drive flag is "1", the MiRUP in step S516 has already been used for narrowing down. Therefore, in steps S518 and S519, F_UTY3, 4 is set so that only the mirror up is performed.
Is set according to Table 1.

At step S520, MiRUP is called. Next, in step S521, shutter release processing is performed. Next, in step S278, the shutter time obtained by the photometric calculation is reproduced by a timer, the timing at which the front curtain and the rear curtain start to travel is calculated, and the shutter is released.

In steps S522 to S530, the mirror is down and the aperture is opened. When driving sequentially, the mirror is lowered first, and then the aperture is opened.

In steps S531 to S535, the total release count is stored in the EEPROM 135.
That is, by reading the data stored in advance,
Is stored in the EEPROM 135.

In steps S536 to S538, it is determined whether or not one frame of film is wound. That is, since F-CNDT0 and F-CNDT1 are assigned to the 0th and 1st bits of the 8-bit RAM called D-CNDT, the determination is made according to Table 2 shown in FIG. Only when the autoloading is completed, the film is wound up by one frame.

At step S539, the sequence clutch is switched to the winding drive system. Next, step S540.
Then, a flag F-OWiND indicating that winding is being performed
Is set to "1", and in step S541, the EEPROM1
35.

At step S542, one frame of film is wound up. In this one-frame winding subroutine, when one film is wound, one is added to the number of film frames. F_C if the film is not wound within one frame
NDT0 is set to "0" and F-CNDT1 is set to "1" so that rewinding is performed.

In step S543, the sequence clutch is returned to the initial position. Next, in step S544, F
_OWiND is set to "0" to end the winding. Then, in step S545, F_OWInD, film count, F-CNDT0, and F-CNDT1 are EEPR.
Store in OM135.

Next, in step S546, shutter charging is performed. Then, in steps S547 to S549, after 100 msec, the excitation of the mirror motor and the stepping motor of the diaphragm is turned off, and then step S55.
Return 0.

Next, the clutch mechanism of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The second embodiment is different from the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment in the structure of each gear retracted from the planetary gears.

FIG. 58 is a top view of the essential parts of the clutch mechanism of the second embodiment.

The sun gear 6 is provided at the center of the clutch mechanism.
06 is disposed, and a planetary gear 605 that meshes with the gear 606 and is supported by a clutch cam (not shown) is provided so as to rotate and revolve. This structure is equivalent to that of the first embodiment.

The planet gear 605 has a rotation range of 3
First gear 601,609,6 of each kind of drive system
10 are arranged, and the planetary gear 605 can mesh with any of the above gears. The gear 601 is set to the planetary gear 6 in the initial position of this embodiment.
Reference numeral 05 is the first gear of the drive system in mesh. Also,
A gear 608 meshes with the gear 601 and further transmits power to the tip thereof.

In the second embodiment having such a structure, the structure of the gear 601 will be described with reference to FIG.

Similar to FIG. 55, FIG. 59 is an explanatory diagram expanded vertically.

The gear 601 has a hole at its center, and a shaft 602 is rotatably engaged with the hole. The shaft 602 has a length such that the ends of the shaft 602 project above and below the gear 601 sufficiently, and U-grooves that can be slidably fitted to the shaft diameter are provided on the upper and lower base plates, respectively. ing.

Here, FIG. 59 is a view developed in the vertical direction to clarify the gear portion, and in the actual assembled state, U is shown.
The gap between the groove portions 604a and 603a is configured to be slightly wider than the tooth width of the gear 601.

Returning to FIG. 58, the relationship between the planetary gears 605, 608 and 601 is such that a force is applied to the end of the U groove during driving, as in the first embodiment. The upper and lower U-grooves provided on the ground plate are shown by broken lines, but R that can secure the optimum shaft spacing between the gear 608 and the gear 601
It is composed of. Although not shown, the U-groove portion formed in such a configuration is also provided in the other two locations.

The shaft 602 includes a gear 609 and a gear 6
The same applies to 10 as well, and has a length such that the gear is rotatably fitted therein and protrudes from the upper and lower base plates. A ring spring 607 is arranged on the outer periphery of the shaft 602. The ring spring 607 is an elastic member formed of a mold, rubber, or the like, and is a circular spring whose abutting points are the farthest points of the three shafts 602 with respect to the sun gear.

FIG. 60 is an enlarged perspective view of the gear portion in the assembled state, in which the ring springs 607 having the same shape are arranged vertically on the outer periphery of the shaft 602 protruding from the upper and lower base plates 604 and 603.

The spring ring itself is formed of rubber or a mold, and the coefficient of friction with respect to the shaft 602 is not particularly limited. That is, when transmitting power, the shaft 602
, The gear 601 rotates and transmits, but the shaft 602
Only the center of rotation is defined by the U groove, and the gear 60
It is not necessary to rotate integrally with 1.

In the above-mentioned structure, interference between the tooth tips may occur when the planetary gear revolves, as in the first embodiment. However, the first-stage gears arranged at three locations are biased by ring springs. Therefore, the gear can move along the U-shaped groove even if the tooth tip interference occurs.

FIG. 61 is a top view showing a state in which the tip of the planet gear 605 and the gear 601 interfere with each other and the gear 601 is retracted. The gear 601 is in a state of being retracted by almost the maximum amount, and the retracted amount Δx now corresponds to 2.25 m. At this time, the gear 609 and the gear 610 are unchanged.

The total length (peripheral length) of the spring ring 607 is also unchanged. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 61, the gear is deformed into a substantially triangular shape corresponding to the gear retreat of Δx. At this time, the gear 609 and the gear 610 are also urged with a force larger than the normal urging force, but since the shaft is already in contact with the U groove portion of the main plate, no particular movement occurs.

If the revolution further progresses from this interference state and the gears come close to the regular meshing, the spring ring 6
07 returns to the initial circular shape due to elasticity. Similarly, when interference occurs at the other two places, the gear moves forward and backward due to the deformation of the spring ring, and the rotary clutch is established without any particular restriction on the tooth profile.

As described above, by using this structure, it is possible to urge each system by using only the upper and lower ring members without providing an independent spring urging member for each gear system. It is possible to prevent tooth tip interference at a cost.

Next, the clutch mechanism of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The third embodiment is an embodiment in which the structure having the biasing springs in the respective drive systems described in the first embodiment is further simplified.

In the first embodiment described above, the biasing springs are provided at the upper and lower portions of the first-stage gear of each drive system, but there is not always such a vertically available space. . Therefore, in the present embodiment, a case is considered in which the bias spring integrally formed with the ground plate exists on only one side.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of a gear that can move forward and backward in the clutch mechanism of the third embodiment.

This gear 551 is the first stage gear of the charge system as in the first embodiment. The gear 551
Has a shaft 551b integrally formed in a mold, and has a sliding surface 551a on the front and back sides around the shaft that extends substantially to the vicinity of the bottom of the gear. In addition,
The sliding surface 551a has parallel front and back surfaces and has substantially the same shape.

FIG. 63 is an enlarged view of the essential parts showing the relationship between the upper base plate 552 supporting the gear 551 and the gear 551. In this state, the gear 551 is located at the regular meshable position.

The base plate 552 is provided with an urging spring 552a. The urging spring 552a is an arm portion having elasticity by utilizing elasticity of the mold.
2 is integrally molded. The base plate 552 is provided with a U-shaped groove portion 552b to rotatably support the shaft portion 551b of the gear 551. The shaft portion 551b is pressed by the biasing spring 552a so as to abut against the end portion of the groove.

The rear surface of the base plate 552, that is, the gear 5
On the surface facing 51, a sliding surface is provided in the range indicated by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 63. This sliding surface is provided in a slightly wider range than the sliding surface 551a provided on the gear 551 itself, and even when the gear 551 is retracted due to tooth tip interference, the sliding surface 551a is different from the other surface. Is formed in such a range that it does not come into contact with.

FIG. 64 shows the relationship between the gear 551 and the base plate 553 spreading below the gear 551.

The base plate 553 is also provided with a sliding surface opposed to the gear 551. However, the base plate 553 side does not have a shape with one end open like the upper base plate, but around the elongated hole as shown in FIG. Is formed in.

The hole on the inside of the sliding surface is set so that the shaft 551b of the gear 551 can be fitted therein, and the locus of the center is defined by the radius R1 in the figure. The hole on the side of the main plate 552 shown in FIG. 63 is also defined by R1.

In the above construction, the shaft portion 551
Although the spring biasing force acts only on one side of b, the sliding surface 55
Since 1a has a sufficient range in the vertical direction, there is no risk that the gear itself tilts when a tooth tip interference occurs and a retracting failure occurs.

Therefore, if this structure is used, the ground plate on one side is R
Since interference can be prevented only by providing a long hole having a shape, the degree of freedom in layout is greatly increased, and it can contribute to downsizing of the entire apparatus.

In this embodiment, an example in which a spring is provided on the upper base plate is shown, but it goes without saying that there is no problem even if a spring is provided on the lower side and the upper side has a long hole.

Next, the clutch mechanism of the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained.

FIG. 65 is an explanatory view showing the clutch mechanism of the fourth embodiment.

In the fourth embodiment as well, the driven system is divided into three systems, the gear 703 being the first stage gear, the hoisting system having the same function as the above-mentioned embodiment, and the gear 705 being the first stage gear. A barrier system for opening and closing a so-called barrier, which is provided on the front surface of the taking lens, and a screen switching system for switching the taking screen to a so-called normal size or panoramic size by using the gear 707 as a first stage gear are provided.

Here, although detailed explanations of the barrier system and the screen switching system are omitted, these are configured to be driven by a motor by a known method.

In this embodiment, the first-stage gears of each drive system are arranged at the same distance from the sun gear, and each first-stage gear is of a type having a vertically penetrating shaft shown in FIG. . A spring ring 710 is arranged on the outer circumference of the shaft, but in the present embodiment, the spring ring presses each shaft toward the sun gear with several times as much force as compared with the configuration shown in FIG.

Comparing the driving forces required by the respective drive systems, the three driven systems of the present construction have sufficiently weak and stable power capabilities for the barrier system and the screen switching system with respect to the hoisting system. It is configured to be driven.

Each of the above gears is composed of the upper and lower base plates 709 (see FIG.
However, a long groove is formed in the main plate so that the respective first-stage gears can be retracted from the planetary gears.

By the way, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the planetary gear,
By arranging the first gear and the second gear in a fixed relationship, it was possible to prevent gear interference with an extremely weak spring urging force and to reduce the loss. There are cases where you cannot be satisfied. However, when the driving load is sufficiently small, it is possible to configure the clutch mechanism by applying a spring biasing force that exceeds the driving load.

In this embodiment, the two driven systems (barrier system and screen switching system) have sufficiently small loads,
This is an example of increasing the degree of freedom of layout. The direction of revolution of the planetary gear is shown by the arrow in the figure, but the relationship between the revolution, the rotation, and the locking member (not shown) is the same as in the above-mentioned example.

Now, looking at the angles defined by the first-stage gear and the second-stage gear, and the first-stage gear and the planetary gear, the angle is α in the winding system in the gear revolution direction. Here, the angle α was defined in the range of α = 90 ° to 150 ° in the above-described embodiment. Also in this embodiment, since the hoisting system has a high load,
The angle α is set to 95 degrees.

Next, regarding the barrier system, the gear 706 is arranged at an angle β with respect to the initial gear 705. The angle β is set to β = 250 degrees, and when the driving force is transmitted to the main drive system by the planetary gears, the total force acting on the gear 705 is in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. .

A long shaft is provided on the shaft of the gear 705 for advancing and retreating on the same radius with respect to the center of the gear 706. Therefore, considering the case where the spring biasing force is extremely weak, the gear 705 moves in the long groove and disengages due to the acting force in the arrow direction even when the planetary gear rotates. For this reason, a strong spring biasing force is required in this embodiment, but this force is applied to the shaft portion by the spring ring 710 in this embodiment.

Next, looking at the screen switching system, the second gear is arranged at an angle γ with respect to the first gear 707. The base plate 709 is provided with a long groove having substantially the same distance from the center of the gear 708. Here, the angle γ is γ = 24.
It is set to 0 degrees, and when the planetary gear meshes with the gear 707 and rotates on its own axis, the total acting force on the gear 707 acts in the direction of sliding out of the long groove.

Since the load of the screen switching system is set sufficiently weak against the spring biasing force, the gear 707 does not move in actual driving, but the power is transmitted to the gear 708.

Even in such a structure, interference between tooth tips can occur, but the long groove provided in the base plate 709 has a positional relationship such that the gear in the first stage can be retracted no matter which direction the gear interferes. Therefore, there is no danger that the clutch mechanism will malfunction.

It is needless to say that the spring ring 710 returns to the substantially circular shape when the interference is completed and the normal meshing is performed.

In FIG. 65, the angle β = 250 degrees, γ
Although an example in which the angle is set to 240 degrees has been described, if these angles are 180 degrees, the first gear can only deal with interference from one direction.

From the above, when driving a load that is sufficiently weak against the spring biasing force, the angle viewed from the direction of revolution is 210
It is also possible to prevent tooth tip interference from both directions by setting the angle in the range of 270 degrees to 270 degrees.

Since interference prevention is established even in the angle range of 90 degrees to 150 degrees, the degree of freedom in gear layout can be greatly increased by using this embodiment.

By using this embodiment as described above,
Since the first-stage gear of each drive system can be retracted in the rotary clutch, it is possible to provide a clutch mechanism that is extremely small and does not cause tooth tip interference at all.

Although each of the above embodiments discloses an example applied to a camera, the mechanism is widely applicable to fields other than a camera driven by a motor.

[0380]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a small-sized clutch mechanism without interference at the tips of teeth.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top view of a camera to which a clutch mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the camera shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the camera shown in FIG.

4 is a right side view showing a state in which a strobe is housed in the camera shown in FIG.

5 is a rear view of the camera shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a right side view showing a state in which stroboscopic photography is performed in the camera shown in FIG.

7 is an enlarged top view of a main part showing a mode setting member in the camera shown in FIG.

8 is a central cross-sectional top view of the camera shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a WIDE end of a photographing optical system in the camera,
That is, it is a side view showing a state in which the focal length f = 28 mm.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing a standard state of a photographing optical system in the camera, that is, a state in which a focal length f = 70 mm.

FIG. 11: TELE of a photographing optical system in the camera
It is a side view showing a state where an end, that is, a focal length f = 110 mm.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing a retracted state of a photographing optical system in the camera.

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the inside of the camera.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing power distribution in a power unit in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the principle of a sequence clutch in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a model diagram showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a model diagram showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a model view showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a model diagram showing a clutch portion in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 20 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a planetary gear in the first embodiment.

FIG. 21 is an enlarged sectional view showing another example of the planetary gears in the first embodiment.

FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of a gear train from the motor to the clutch portion in the first embodiment.

FIG. 23 is an exploded perspective view showing a gear train of the shutter / mirror system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a side view showing the SM cam gear in the first embodiment. 58b is a cross-sectional view showing 58b.

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a cam for driving the mirror, taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the shutter charging cam, taken along the line BB ′ in FIG. 24.

FIG. 27 is a normal stop position (mirror down position) between the SM cam gear and the mirror lever in the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship when

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship when the SM cam gear and the mirror lever in the first embodiment are in the mirror-up position.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a main part of a mirror system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the mirror operation of the mirror system in the first embodiment, in which each lever is modeled.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram in which each lever is modeled as a mirror operation of the mirror system in the first embodiment.

32 is a schematic view of the focal plane shutter used in the camera shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the subject side.

FIG. 33 is a top view of the vicinity of the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 24 seen from above the camera.

FIG. 34 is a top view of the vicinity of the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 24, viewed from the upper side of the camera.

FIG. 35 is a bottom view of the timing board in FIG. 23 as viewed from the bottom surface side.

FIG. 36 is a developed perspective view showing a gear train of the hoisting system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view showing a gear train of the rewinding system in the first embodiment.

FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the clutch cam and the clutch lever in the first embodiment.

42 is a sectional view showing a CC ′ section of the clutch lever shown in FIG. 38. FIG.

FIG. 43 is a developed view of the circumference including the cam surface of the clutch cam in the first embodiment.

FIG. 44 is a perspective view showing a clutch lever and a photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing an application example of the position detection device in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 46 is a timing chart illustrating the clutch mechanism during the shooting operation in the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment.

FIG. 47 is an electric circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electric circuit of the position detection mechanism in the camera.

FIG. 48 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 49 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 50 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

FIG. 51 is a diagram showing an output signal waveform of the photo interrupter SCPI in the first embodiment.

52 is an explanatory diagram showing in detail the rotary clutch conceptually described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19;

FIG. 53 is an explanatory diagram showing a state immediately before the planetary gear returns to the initial position from the initial stage gear direction of the rewinding system of the clutch mechanism in the first example.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram showing an initial position, that is, a state in which the planetary gear is moved to a regular meshing position in the first embodiment.

FIG. 55 is an enlarged perspective view of an essential part for explaining the configuration of the initial gear in the first embodiment.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram showing the behavior after the tip collision of the planetary gear and the initial gear occurs in the first embodiment.

FIG. 57 is an explanatory diagram of a force acting on the first stage gear in the first embodiment.

FIG. 58 is a top view of essential parts of the clutch mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is an enlarged perspective view of an essential part for explaining the configuration of the first stage gear in the second embodiment.

FIG. 60 is an enlarged perspective view of essential parts of the first-stage gear in an assembled state in the second embodiment.

FIG. 61 is a top view showing a state where the first gear is retracted due to tooth tip interference between the planetary gear and the first gear in the second embodiment.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of a gear that can move forward and backward in the clutch mechanism of the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is an enlarged view of an essential part showing the relationship between the upper base plate supporting the first-stage gear and the first-stage gear in the third embodiment.

FIG. 64 is an enlarged view of an essential part showing the relationship between the ground plate spreading below the first stage gear and the first stage gear in the third embodiment.

FIG. 65 is a top view showing the clutch mechanism of the fourth example of the present invention.

FIG. 66 shows a part of a subroutine that constitutes a series of shutter release sequences of a camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied, from a mirror up to aperture stop, shutter release mirror down, aperture open film winding, and shutter charge. It is a flowchart shown.

FIG. 67 shows a part of a subroutine that constitutes a series of shutter release sequences of a camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied, from a mirror up, aperture down, shutter release mirror down, aperture open film winding, shutter charge. It is a flowchart shown.

FIG. 68 shows a part of a subroutine which constitutes a series of shutter release sequences of mirror up, aperture down, shutter release mirror down, aperture open film winding, and shutter charge in the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied. It is a flowchart shown.

FIG. 69 is a mirror-up / mirror-down subroutine and a flag F_UTY for controlling the subroutine in the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied.
3 is a table 1 for explaining the relationship between the mirrors 3 and 4 and the mirror and diaphragm drive.

70 is a table 2 for explaining flags F_CNDT0, 1 and the state of the film inside the camera in the camera to which the clutch mechanism of the first embodiment is applied. FIG.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 ... Shooting lens 2 ... Release button 11 ... Mirror frame 12 ... Mirror box 13 ... Shutter unit 14 ... Motor 15 ... Patron 16 ... Spool chamber 22 ... Power unit 26 ... Shutter charge lever 27 ... Mirror drive lever 31 , 41 ... Sun gear 32, 43 ... Planetary gear 33, 45 ... Shutter / mirror drive system first stage gear 34, 46 ... Winding drive system first stage gear 35, 44 ... Rewind drive system first stage gear 36, 42 ... Clutch cam 37, 47 ... Clutch lever 501 ... Sun gear 502 ... Clutch cam 503 ... Planetary gear 504 ... Clutch levers 505, 506, 507 ... First stage gear (driven gear) 508 ... Photo interrupter 509 ... Energizing spring

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[Correction target item name] Fig. 41

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[Correction target item name] Fig. 45

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[Correction target item name] Fig. 46

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[Correction target item name] Fig. 68

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Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A drive source, a sun gear that is normally and reversely rotated by this drive source, and is revolved around the sun gear by one direction rotation of the sun gear, and a predetermined position on a revolution orbit by rotation of the other direction. And a driven gear that is arranged so as to mesh with the planet gear at the rotation position of the planet gear and that is driven by the rotation of the planet gear. A clutch mechanism, wherein the clutch mechanism is configured to be movable by at least the entire amount of tooth bamboo from the meshing position with the planetary gear. 2. A drive source, a sun gear that is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and is revolved around the sun gear by one direction rotation of the sun gear, and a predetermined position on a revolution orbit by rotation of the other direction. And a driven gear that is arranged so as to mesh with the planet gear at the rotation position of the planet gear and that is driven by the rotation of the planet gear. The angle between the line segment connecting the centers of the planet gears and the line segment connecting the centers of the driven gear and the gear next to the driven gear is 90 ° to 150 ° in the revolving direction of the planet gears. The clutch mechanism is characterized in that 3. A drive source, a sun gear that is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and is revolved around the sun gear by one direction rotation of the sun gear, and a predetermined position on a revolution orbit by rotation of the other direction. And a driven gear that is arranged so as to mesh with the planet gear at the rotation position of the planet gear and that is driven by the rotation of the planet gear. The angle between the line segment connecting the centers of the planet gears and the line segment connecting the centers of the driven gear and the gear next to the driven gear is 210 ° to 270 ° in the revolution direction of the planet gears. The clutch mechanism is characterized in that 4. A drive source, a sun gear that is normally and reversely rotated by the drive source, and is revolved around the sun gear by one direction rotation of the sun gear, and a predetermined position on a revolution orbit by rotation of the other direction. And a driven gear that is arranged so as to mesh with the planet gear at the rotation position of the planet gear and that is driven by the rotation of the planet gear. A clutch mechanism, wherein a shaft protruding from both surfaces of the driven gear is integrally formed.