JPH06322741A - Adjusting material of water content in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a sufficient water-retentive ability and an appropriate draining ability, by laminating a reinforcing bad having water-permeability and shape-retentiveness and a water-retentive bed. CONSTITUTION:An upper film 12 is formed by use of a water-permeable material like a perforated film provided with pierced holes 12a. A lower film 13 is formed by a water-impermeable material like a plastic film made of polyethylene film or the like. A water-retentive member 14 made of water-absorptive materials like water-absorptive polymer are charged between the upper face film 12 and the under face film 13 and the four peripheral sides are sealed with an appropriate distance. Water-permeable holes 16 are provided at the seals 15 in the lateral direction to form an adjusting member 11 of water contents in soil.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil moisture control material, and more particularly to a soil moisture control material having a water retention function for both civil engineering and agriculture, which functions as both water retention and drainage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the problems to be solved by the invention
In civil engineering and agriculture, a plastic sheet is laid on the bottom of the soil to retain water, but there was a drawback that the roots of plants would rot due to too much water in the rainy season. In addition, a commonly used drainage pipe is a plastic pipe with water holes provided in the peripheral wall and is buried in the soil for drainage. When planting, the water is completely drained, so even if water is replenished when the sunny weather continues for a long time, there is a big drawback that the water replenished by the drainage pipe is insufficiently retained.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a soil water content adjusting material having sufficient water retention and appropriate drainage.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, the soil moisture control material of the present invention comprises a reinforcing layer having water permeability and shape retention and a water retention layer for retaining water. Is characterized by.

[0005]

[Operation] According to the above-mentioned structure, a sufficient amount of water in the soil is retained in the water retaining layer, and excess moisture is drained through the water-permeable reinforcing layer. Further, by stacking the water retaining layer and the reinforcing layer, the water retaining layer can be held in a predetermined shape.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. 1 and 2 show the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment, and FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing a modification of the first embodiment. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view, and FIG. 5 is V- of FIG.
It is a V line sectional view. 6 and 7 show a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view and FIG. 7 is VII-VI of FIG.
It is a sectional view taken along line I. 8 to 10 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a sectional view, FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a usage state, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing an example of a water supply method.

First, the soil moisture conditioner 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is laminated by enclosing a water retaining material 14 serving as a water retaining layer between an upper film 12 and a lower film 13 which serve as reinforcing layers. It is a strip-shaped one. The top film 1
2 is formed of a material having a property of allowing water to pass therethrough. For example, in addition to a perforated film having a through hole 12a as shown in the figure, a water permeable film, a nonwoven fabric, a synthetic paper,
Cloth, net, etc. can be used. Further, the lower surface film 13 may be a general plastic film having no water permeability, such as a polyethylene film, and the water retaining material 14 may be a material having a water absorbing property, such as a water absorbing polymer, paper, cotton, Vegetable fibers and the like can be used.

The upper film 12 and the lower film 13
The four circumferences are sealed at appropriate intervals so that the water retaining material 14 can be held, and the widthwise sealing portion 15 is provided with water passage holes 16 for permeating excess water.

Experimental Example 1 A polyethylene film having a thickness of 100 μm in which holes having a diameter of 1 mm are provided at intervals of 10 mm is used as the upper surface film 12, a polyethylene film having a thickness of 100 μm is used as the lower surface film 13, and a thickness of 3 mm is used as the water retaining material 14.
A cotton thread impregnated with a water-absorbent polymer was cut into a length of 20 mm and used. A partition is provided by sealing the upper surface film 12 and the lower surface film 13 in a square shape at 100 mm intervals both vertically and horizontally, and 30 g of the water retention material 14 is enclosed in each partition, and each sealing portion 1
5 was provided with water passage holes 16 having a diameter of 1 mm at intervals of 10 mm to manufacture the soil moisture control material 11 having the above structure.

Top film 1 of this soil moisture conditioner 11
As a result of supplying water from the 2 side, the water retaining material 14 has a water retaining capacity of 73 g, and excessively supplied water is
It was possible to run down through 6.

Therefore, the soil moisture conditioner 1 having the above structure
According to 1, when it is raining, water other than the water that has been sufficiently retained in the water retaining material 14 can be discharged downward through the water passage holes 16 and it is possible to prevent the roots of plants from decaying, and in fine weather, The water content of the water retaining material 14 can be absorbed by the roots of the plant. Further, even when fine weather continues for a long time, by supplying water from above the soil, the water retaining material 14 can absorb and retain necessary and sufficient water through the upper surface film 12. Further, by forming the soil water content adjusting material 11 in a strip shape or a sheet shape in this manner, it is possible to carry the soil water content adjusting material 11 in a rolled state or a folded state.

The upper film 12 and the lower film 1
Sealing with 3 may be performed at intervals such that the water retaining material 14 can be retained with a thickness as uniform as possible.
The shape of 1 is not limited to the above-mentioned strip shape, but may be a sheet shape.
Furthermore, by mixing plastic beads, plastic pieces, stones, or the like in the water retaining material 14, it is possible to suppress the outflow of water from the water retaining material 14 when a large earth pressure is applied.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, by using a molded sheet 18 provided with a box-shaped water retaining material accommodating portion 17 instead of the lower surface film 13, it is possible to prevent landslide of the laying place, The outflow of water due to the earth pressure can also be suppressed.

Further, it is also possible to use the lower film 13 or the molded sheet 18 having water permeability without providing the water passage hole 16 in the seal portion 15. In this case, excess water absorbed by the water retaining material 14 is drained downward through the water permeable film or sheet on the lower surface.

Soil moisture conditioner 21 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
Is a strip or sheet formed by preliminarily enclosing a water retaining material 24 between two water permeable films 23, 23 on the outer periphery of a pipe 22 having a water permeable peripheral wall, for example, as shown in FIG. In the soil moisture regulator having a structure, a film having water permeability on both sides is wound.

As the pipe 22, a perforated pipe having a through hole 22a as shown in the figure, a net-like pipe, a pipe formed of a perforated polymer, or the like can be used. Also,
As the water permeable film 23 and the water retaining material 24, the same materials as those in the first embodiment can be used. For the water permeable film 23, a perforated film, a water permeable film, a non-woven fabric, a synthetic paper, a cloth The water-retaining material 24 may be made of water-absorbing polymer, paper, cotton, vegetable fiber, or the like.

It should be noted that a water retaining material 24 is arranged on the outer periphery of the pipe 22 without providing a film on the inner periphery side, and a film 23 having water permeability is wound around the outer periphery of the pipe 22, and the film 23 and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe 22. It is also possible to form and so as to be circumferentially sealed at appropriate intervals.

Experimental Example 2 A pipe 22 having an outer diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm and having holes with a diameter of 5 mm provided at intervals of 30 mm on the peripheral wall was used as a film 23, and holes having a diameter of 0.5 mm were provided at intervals of 5 mm. As a water retaining material 24, a polyethylene film having a thickness of 100 μm was used, which was obtained by impregnating a water absorbing polymer into a cotton thread having a thickness of 3 mm.

First, 15 pieces of the water retaining material 24 are arranged to have a width of 5
It was placed between 0 mm films 23, and 5 mm on both sides of the film 23 were adhered to form a water retaining portion. Next, this strip-shaped water retaining part was wound around the outer periphery of the pipe 22 in a gaiter shape to manufacture the soil moisture control material 21 having the above structure.

When the water content adjusting material 21 in the soil is buried 200 mm below the soil and water is poured from above the soil, a necessary and sufficient amount of water in the soil is absorbed by the water retaining material 24, and excess water is stored in the pipe 22. Discharged through. Therefore, rapid drainage is required during rainfall, and it is extremely suitable as a drainage pipe used in places where it is necessary to retain the water necessary for plant growth, such as in the median strip of highways. Is.

The end portion of the pipe 22 may be appropriately adhered and welded depending on the material of the film 23 having water permeability, and the pipe 22 is not wound around the water retaining portion.
The position of the water retaining part can be changed according to the purpose of use, such as the upper half part and the lower half part.

A soil moisture control material 31 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Has a structure in which a water retaining material 34 is arranged on the outer periphery of an inner pipe 32 having a peripheral wall having water permeability, and an outer pipe 33 having a peripheral wall having water permeability is provided on the outer periphery thereof. Since the same pipes as in the second embodiment can be used for the inner and outer pipes 32 and 33, and the water retaining material 34 can also be the same as in the respective embodiments, Detailed description is omitted.

Experimental Example 3 An inner pipe 32 having an inner diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm and holes having a diameter of 5 mm provided in the peripheral wall at intervals of 20 mm was used as an outer pipe 33 having an inner diameter of 75 mm, a wall thickness of 5 mm and a peripheral wall of a diameter of 5 mm. The water-retaining material 34 obtained by impregnating a water-absorbing polymer into a cotton thread having a thickness of 3 mm is used on the outer periphery of the inner pipe 32 with the water-retaining material 34 having a diameter of 20 mm.
After wrapping it in a spiral shape at intervals of
3 to produce the soil moisture conditioner 31 having the above structure.

When the soil water content adjusting material 31 is put into water, the water retaining material 34 absorbs water and expands, so that the inner and outer pipes 32,
It was confirmed that water was retained in the entire 33rd period. Further, as in the case of Experimental Example 2, when water was poured from the top by burying it in the soil, a sufficient amount of water could be absorbed by the water retaining material 34, and excess water quickly passed through the inner pipe 32. Could be discharged.

Soil moisture conditioner 41 shown in FIGS. 8 to 9.
Has a structure in which a water retention material 44 is provided between an inner cylinder 42 and an outer cylinder 43, which are formed by bending a plastic sheet into an equilateral triangle shape. Similar to the pipe, the inner cylinder 42 and the outer cylinder 43 are provided with appropriate water passage holes, and the water retaining material 44 provided between the two cylinders 42 and 43 includes the same water-absorbing polymer, Paper, cotton, vegetable fiber, etc. are used. The shape of the cylindrical member is arbitrary, and the shapes of the inner and outer cylinders may be different.

Experimental Example 4 A vinyl chloride hard sheet having a thickness of 0.6 mm and a diameter of 3 m
As shown in FIG. 8, an outer cylinder 43 having an equilateral cross section with a side of 30 mm is machined as shown in FIG.
An inner cylinder 42 having a side of 15 mm was manufactured. Next, a water retaining material 4 in which a water absorbing polymer is attached to a cotton thread having a thickness of 2 mm
Fifteen Nos. 4 were provided between the two cylinders 42 and 43 to manufacture the soil moisture conditioner 41 having the above structure.

When the soil water content adjusting material 41 was placed in water for 2 minutes, the water retaining material 44 absorbed and expanded, and the inner and outer cylinders 4
It was confirmed that water was retained in the entire area between 2,43. Further, as in the case of Experimental Example 2, when water was poured from the top by burying it in soil, a sufficient amount of water could be absorbed by the water retaining material 44, and excess water quickly passed through the inner cylinder 42. Could be discharged.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the soil water content adjusting material 41 is buried in 200 mm below the soil, and cedar seedlings 45 are placed on it.
When planted, it grew well without supplying water for 20 days.

Further, as a method of replenishing water, in addition to the method of replenishing a large amount of water from the soil and absorbing it in the water retaining material 44 as described above, as shown in FIG. One end is exposed on the soil, and the inner cylinder 42 and the inner and outer cylinders 4 are
You may make it supply water directly between 2 and 43. In this case, the water retention material 44 can sufficiently absorb the water with a small amount of water as compared with the case where the water is replenished from the soil.

As shown in each of the above examples, the soil moisture control material of the present invention comprises a reinforcing layer made of a material having water permeability and shape retention such as a plastic film, a plastic sheet, a pipe and a tubular molded article. , A water retaining layer made of a water retaining material held between the reinforcing layers, and having a structure in which three layers of a reinforcing layer, a water retaining layer, and a reinforcing layer are laminated, water is retained in the water retaining layer when the soil contains a large amount of water. It absorbs and retains water, and when the water content in the soil is low, water can be released from the water retention layer.

When a large amount of rain falls, excess water is discharged through the water passage of the reinforcing layer and an appropriate amount of water is retained, so that excess water may cause the roots of plants to rot. Nothing. Furthermore, when the weather continues and the water content becomes insufficient, the water retention layer can hold the necessary and sufficient water content by supplying water from the ground or the like.
In particular, pipes and cylinders are suitable for laying in places where drainage as well as water retention are important requirements, as excess water can be quickly discharged. The water content of the soil is always optimized by connecting the end of the to a pond or a tank to collect drainage in the rainy season and pumping water from the pond or tank into a pipe or cylinder during the dry season. Can be kept in any amount. In addition, since the reinforcing layers are laminated and held on both sides of the water retention layer, the water retention material forming the water retention layer does not flow out, and the water retention performance can be maintained for a long time.

The soil water content adjusting material of the present invention is not only laid horizontally in the soil, but also inclined at an appropriate angle or installed vertically depending on the inclination of the land and the purpose of use. It is also possible to install them by combining various shapes.

[0033]

As described above, the soil water content adjusting material of the present invention has a structure in which a reinforcing layer having water permeability and shape retention and a water retention layer for retaining water are laminated. A necessary and sufficient amount of water can be retained in the water retaining layer, and excess water can be drained through the reinforcing layer having water permeability. As a result, it is possible to retain only the amount of water necessary for the growth of the plant, and there is no sufficient drainage to prevent the roots of the plant from decaying due to an increase in the amount of water. Can be done. On the other hand, in the dry season, by supplying an appropriate amount of water, the water retaining layer can absorb a sufficient amount of water and retain the water, so that the work of supplying water can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is likewise a vertical sectional view.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing a modification of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram similarly showing a usage state.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram similarly showing an example of a water supply method.

[Explanation of symbols]

11, 21, 31, 41 ... Water content adjusting material in soil, 12 ... Top film, 12a ... Through hole, 13 ... Bottom film, 14,
24, 34, 44 ... Water retaining material, 15 ... Seal part, 16 ... Water passage hole

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A soil water content adjusting material comprising a reinforcing layer having water permeability and shape retention and a water retention layer for holding water.