JPH0631511B2 - Folding ladder - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a folding ladder used for evacuation to a floor below a fire occurrence floor of a building, particularly an opening of a veranda floor of a high-rise building or a high-rise apartment. The present invention relates to a folding ladder suitable for mounting on etc.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, such a folding ladder has no wall surface for supporting the folding ladder when it is extended. Therefore, it is known that the crossbars are attached between the corresponding link nodes of the pantographs which are arranged to be expandable and contractable on both sides.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, when unfolding the band that holds the folding ladder in such a folded state and extending the ladder, the ladder is extended while falling by its own weight, so the extension speed is extremely fast, and children downstairs and others can look up. It is very dangerous to come and go. Moreover, since both sides of each rung are supported by vertical pantographs, when a weight load acts on the lower rung, the ladder is easily bent backwards and it is difficult for a person to move up and down. Moreover, there is a problem in that the extended ladder cannot be folded quickly during the periodic inspections and evacuation drills by qualified firefighter inspection personnel and firefighter engineers.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention addresses these problems. (1) The upper end of the lower gate-shaped link is foldably connected between the two leg ends of the upper gate-shaped link to connect the upper gate-shaped link with each other. A downward-folding folding ladder provided with means for holding the building, in which both leg ends of each upper portal link extend below the lower portal link connecting portion, and at the lower end of each extension. , The stoppers 4 which the lower gate-shaped links engage with each other when the folding ladder is extended are attached so that the lower gate-shaped links can be folded up and down to a person's up-and-down side, and are attached to at least one leg of each gate-shaped link. , The rope insertion holes 10 located on the side where the person goes up and down are directly (0-0) connecting the upper and lower portal-shaped link connection centers, and the rope insertion holes are provided at the time of folding the vertically adjacent portal-shaped links. Are configured so that they match each other, and from the bottom gate link to the top gate link, One rope 1 that penetrates through the rope insertion hole 10 of the gate-shaped link from inside to outside
Folding ladder, characterized in that the lower end of 2 is locked inside the lower gate bridge and means are provided for tightening the upper end of the rope between the folded position and the extended position of the ladder.

(2) A narrow, narrow fold with means for holding the upper gate-shaped link in the building by connecting the upper ends of the lower gate-shaped links so that the upper ends of the lower gate-shaped links are foldable between the two ends of the upper gate-shaped links. A ladder, in which both leg ends of each upper gate-shaped link extend below the lower gate-shaped link connecting portion, and the lower gate-shaped links are engaged with the lower ends of the respective extended portions when the folding ladder is extended. A matching stopper 4 is foldably attached to the person's ascending / descending side, and a straight line connecting the upper and lower gate-shaped link connection centers to at least one leg of each gate-shaped link ( 0
-0) and an inclined long hole 26 which becomes higher toward the ascending / descending side of the person is provided so that the inclined long holes 26, 26 substantially coincide with each other when the adjacent gate links are vertically folded. The lower end of one rope 12 that penetrates through the slanted long hole of each gate-shaped link from the lower end gate-shaped link toward the upper end gate-shaped link in order, and the inclination inside the lower end gate-shaped link. Locking piece 2 that slidably engages the hole edge of the long hole
The folding ladder is characterized in that it is provided with means 7 for mounting the upper end of the rope between the folded position and the extended position of the ladder.

[Action]

According to the invention of (1) above, in the extended state of the folding ladder, the rope penetration portions at the center of both legs of each gate link move up and down from a straight line connecting the upper and lower portal link connection centers. Since it is located on the side, if the upper end of the rope is pulled upward by an appropriate means, the folding resistance due to the weight of the lower end gate-shaped link to which the lower end of the rope is fixed is the smallest. F is folded on the side where a person moves up and down with the connecting shaft 3 to the lower end of the gate-shaped link E adjacent to the upper part thereof as a fulcrum, and when this folding is completed, the lower-end gate-shaped link F and its upper adjacent gate-shaped link E Are joined together by a through rope 12, and are similarly folded on the side where a person goes up and down with the connecting shaft 3 to the lower end of the gate-shaped link D adjacent to the upper part as a fulcrum. In this way, the entire gate-shaped link is sequentially folded upward from the lower end, and is restrained in the folded state by appropriate restraining means.

When this folding ladder is used for extension, when the folded state restraint means is released and the upper end of the rope is freely extended, the gate-shaped link connected to the lower end of the upper section type link is
Since the ladder extension moment due to the weight of the gate links below that is used via the rope, the extension moment of each gate link is larger for the upper gate links, so each gate link is lower than the top. Is gradually expanded to
Moreover, the extension speed is reduced as the extension progresses due to the frictional resistance between each portal link and the rope passing through the rope insertion hole. Therefore, it is also easy to stop the feeding of the rope 12 or the extension of the ladder on the way.

In this invention, a large traction force is required because the moment arm length due to the traction force at the upper end of the rope is small when the gate-shaped link is folded.

The invention of (2) above addresses this problem. When a parallel pulling force acts on the upper end of the rope 12 with the ladder in the extended state of the ladder, the locking piece 27 is shown by the chain line in FIG.
As shown in (a), by sliding on the upper end of the slanted elongated hole 26 of the lower end gate-shaped link F and engaging therewith, a moment arm of traction force with the upper end connecting shaft 3 of the lower end gate-shaped link as a fulcrum. As R increases, the lower end portal-shaped link F starts to be folded in the same manner as in the invention of (1). In this way, when the locking piece 27 of the lower gate-shaped link reaches the point (c) on the line of tractive force after passing through the state shown in FIG. 11B, the rope 12 passing through the inclined elongated hole 26 of the upper gate-shaped link E is While the rope is retained at the end of the inclined long hole by the tension of the rope, the lower end gate-shaped link F receives the folding tension force by the rope tension and the moment arm R, and the locking piece 27 of the lower end gate-shaped link F moves along the inclined long hole 26. By being urged to slide up and down, the lower end gate-shaped link F is folded as shown by the solid line in FIG. 10, and the locking piece 27 is provided at the upper end of the slanted elongated hole as shown. Engage. Therefore, all gate links are as above
Like the invention of (1), it is sequentially folded upward from the lower end,
It is clear that the pulling force at the upper end of the rope is smaller than in the case of the invention.

〔Example〕

1 to 6 show an embodiment of the invention (1), in which the folding ladder comprises six portal links A, B, C, D, E and F. Each gate-shaped link has a structure in which the upper ends of the vertical link plate-shaped legs 1 and 1 on both sides, which have the same structure, are integrally joined and fixed by a horizontal bar 2 made of a hollow cross-section having a rectangular cross section.
The length of the cross rail 2 is from the upper end gate type link A to the lower end gate type link F.
The upper gate-shaped link, for example, the upper ends of the lower gate-shaped links, such as B, are clamped between the two leg ends of the upper gate-shaped link, for example, the upper ends of the lower gate-shaped links, and can be sequentially folded by the connecting shafts 3 on both sides having the same axis. It is connected. The lower end gate-shaped link F is also provided with a horizontal rail 2 at its lower end.

Reference numeral 1a denotes an extension portion extending below a connecting shaft 3 provided at each side leg end of each gate-shaped link except for the lower end gate-shaped link F, and the folding ladders shown in FIG. 1 are provided at the lower ends of the extension portions 1a. At the time of extension, the stopper 4 with which the lower gate-shaped link is engaged is fixed so as to project inward so that the lower gate-shaped link can be folded to the ascending / descending side of the person (M). Therefore, when the upper gate link A is held in the building as shown in FIG. 1, even if the weight load of the person (M) acts on the ladder, the ladder is held in the extended state.

In the case of FIG. 1, a substrate 7 is fixed to one side inner wall of a square-shaped hatch (elevation opening) 6 provided on the veranda floor 5 of the building, and an upper end gate is provided between the both side brackets 8 and 8 protrudingly fixed to the substrate 7. The upper end of the shape link A is pivoted by the both-sides connecting shafts 3, and the upper end gate-shaped link A is engaged with the stopper 9 projecting and fixed to the inside of the both side brackets 8 and 8 to form the upper end gate-shaped link or The folding ladder is inclined by a small angle θ with respect to the vertical line Z so that the folding ladder becomes vertical due to the bending of the lower end portal link F when the weight is loaded. This reduces the bending moment acting on each portal link due to its weight, and causes each portal link to constantly engage with the corresponding stopper 4 by its own weight so that the person (M) moves up and down. This is to reduce the back-and-forth swing of the ladder and facilitate the lifting and lowering.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rope insertion hole 10 provided at the center of the vertical link plate-like leg 1 of each gate-shaped link is located on the side where the person goes up and down with respect to the straight line 0-0 connecting the upper and lower connecting shafts 3, 3. The rope insertion holes 10 and 10 of the portal links F and E folded as shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 are aligned with each other.

Therefore, the lower ends of the lower end gate-shaped links F are locked 11 by appropriate means, and ropes 12 such as wire ropes penetrating the rope insertion holes 10 on both sides to the outside are sequentially attached to the upper gate-shaped links on both sides. If the rope is inserted through the rope insertion hole 10 from the inner side to the outer side and the upper ends of the ropes on both sides are simultaneously wound by the hoisting machine 13, first, the lower end gate-shaped link F is moved to the upper end as shown by the chain line in FIG. 4 starts to be folded with the connecting shaft 3 of the fulcrum as a fulcrum, and after this folding is completed, the portal link E starts to be folded with the connecting shaft 3 at the upper end thereof as a fulcrum as shown in FIG. Since it starts to be folded as shown in FIG. 5, it is clear that the entire portal link is finally folded as shown in FIG.

The hoisting machine 13 has a winding drum 15 of a rope 12 fixed to both ends of a rotary shaft 14 which is rotatably supported by the brackets 8 and 8 which penetrate through the brackets 8 on both sides behind the upper end portal type link A, and the right side. A drive grip 16 (FIG. 2) for driving the take-up drum 15 is planted, and a ratchet wheel 17 is coaxially fixed to the left-hand take-up drum 15 by a spring (not shown) or the like on the ratchet wheel. The base plate 7 is axially supported by the pawl 18 which is constantly energized, and the pawl 1
An operation lever 20 such as a pedal or a handle is fixed to 8 so that rotation of the winding drum 15 in the rope feeding direction can be prevented by the ratchet holding device (17, 18). Thus, the ratchet wheel stopper can be released, and the front end (the left end in FIG. 6) of the winding drum 15 is located slightly in front of the rope insertion hole 10 of the folded whole portal link. A band brake that always applies a braking force may be used instead of the claw wheel gripping device.

For this reason, after the whole gate-shaped link is folded as shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, if the rope 12 is further wound by the winding drum 15,
Since the whole gate-shaped link is rotated about the upper end connecting shaft 3 of the upper end gate-shaped link A as a fulcrum to the retracted position in the hatch 6 as shown by a chain line in the figure, there is at least one upper end of the front end of the bracket 8 thereat. A band 22 whose one end is pivoted 21 is hung on the crossbar 2 of the whole gate-shaped link, and the folding ladder is restrained in the retracted position by the band, or it is folded at the tip of the link 23 pivoted 21 in the bracket. A pin 24, which is always urged to be engaged, is attached to an empty space in the rope insertion hole 10 of the ladder, and the folding ladder is moved to the retracted position by the engagement between the pin 24 and the empty space of the rope insertion hole. to bound. Obviously, if a speed reducer is provided in the operating mechanism of the hoisting machine 13, the ladder can be folded by one of the left and right ropes.

Alternatively, when the tension of the rope 12 inserted through the rope insertion hole 10 is likely to be loosened when the ladder is extended, a stopper 25 that can regulate the folding position is provided every other gate link. Each of them is attached near the center of ~ D. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, when the ladder is extended, the rope is loosened and the space between the gate links E and F is opened. It is prevented by the engagement with the shape link F, and the extension of the ladder is smoothly performed.

7 to 11 show an embodiment of the invention (2), and the members designated by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 to 6 are corresponding members.

In this case, a circular enlarged portion is provided at the center of the left leg 1'of each of the portal links A to F, which intersects with the straight line 0-0 connecting the upper and lower portal link connection centers, respectively, and A slanted long hole 26 that becomes higher toward the ascending / descending side is provided so that the slanted long holes 26, 26 are substantially aligned when the vertically adjacent gate links are folded. To the bottom of one rope 12 which penetrates the slanted long hole of each gate link from the inside to the outside in order toward the shape link, and slides to the hole edge of the slanted long hole 26 inside the bottom end gate link F. By attaching a circular locking piece 27 that freely engages,
This is different from the case of FIG. 1 in that the rope is extended and folded by only one rope 12 on the left side and the moment arm R of the rope pulling force is increased. The circular enlarged portion of each left leg 1 ′ is preferably bent as shown in FIG. 9 in order to reduce the degree of bending of the rope 12 passing through the inclined elongated hole 26.

For this reason, when the adjacent portal links E, F, for example, are folded as shown in FIG. 10, the slanted elongated holes 26, 26 cause a slight rotational displacement with respect to each other, and the total portal links are the eleventh. When folded as shown, the gate links A at both ends
The inclined elongated hole 26 of F produces the relative rotational displacement shown in FIG.

Further, the take-up reel 28 attached to the left bracket 8 always urges the rope 12 to be wound by the built-in mainspring, but the elasticity of the mainspring is not so large as to fold the ladder in the extended position. Therefore, the extension speed of the folding ladder can be reduced by the frictional resistance between the rope insertion hole (inclined elongated hole) of each gate link and the rope and the rotational force of the take-up reel 28 by the mainspring, and further, the take-up reel. You can stop the extension of the ladder by manually braking the.

Or, when folding the ladder, pull the upper end of the rope 12 by hand with the ladder in the extended position in parallel as shown in the chain line (d) in Fig. 11, and store the folded ladder in the hatch 6 as shown in the chain line. To do so, pull the rope 12 by hand as shown by the solid line (e).

〔The invention's effect〕

 The present invention has the following effects.

(1) Since the extension speed of the folding ladder is reduced by the frictional resistance between the rope insertion hole or the slanted long hole of the portal link and the rope, the ladder in the middle of the extension can be easily stopped, and the children below It is safe even if you look into the top, and there is no risk of accidents.

(2) Since the lower gate-shaped link in the extended state is always engaged with the stopper 4 of the upper gate-shaped link by the action of gravity, the ladder is less swaying and the person can easily move up and down.

(3) The extended ladder can be quickly folded using a rope during regular inspections and evacuation drills by qualified personnel for fire-fighting equipment inspection.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 and 2 are respectively a longitudinal side view and a front view of an embodiment of the present invention in an extended state, FIG. 3 is a side view showing an enlarged lower portion thereof, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are ladders respectively. FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional side view showing the progress of folding, FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional side view when folded, FIGS. 7 and 8 are vertical sectional side views and front views of other embodiments in an extended state, and FIG. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of an essential part of the drawing, FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional side view for explaining its operation, and FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional side view when folded. A, B, C, D, E, F ... Gate link, 3 ... Connecting shaft, 4 ... Stopper, 5 ... Veranda floor, 6 ... Hatch, 8 ... Bracket, 9 ... Stopper, 13 …… Hoisting machine, 28 …… Winding reel.

Claims (2)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A taper-shaped taper provided with means for connecting the upper ends of the lower gate-shaped links to both sides of the upper gate-shaped links so that the upper ends of the lower gate-shaped links are foldable so as to hold the upper gate-shaped links in the building. A folding ladder, wherein both leg ends of each upper gate-shaped link are extended below the lower gate-shaped link connecting portion, and the lower gate-shaped links are extended to the lower ends of the respective extended portions when the folding ladder is extended. A stopper (4) engaged with is foldably attached to the person's ascending / descending side of the lower gate-shaped links, and at least one leg of each gate-shaped link is connected to the upper and lower gate-shaped link connection centers, respectively. A rope insertion hole (10) located on the side where a person goes up and down with respect to a straight line (0-0) connecting the two is provided, and the rope insertion hole is configured so that the rope insertion holes match each other when the gate links adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are folded. Insert the rope insertion hole (10) of each gate link in order from the bottom gate link to the top gate link. A means for locking the lower end of one rope (12) penetrating to the outside to the inner side of the lower gate link so that the upper end of the rope can be tightened between the folded position and the extended position of the ladder. Folding ladder characterized by being provided. 2. A narrowed taper having means for connecting the upper ends of the lower gate links to the building so that the upper ends of the lower gate links are foldably connected between both ends of the upper gate links. A folding ladder, wherein both leg ends of each upper gate-shaped link are extended below the lower gate-shaped link connecting portion, and the lower gate-shaped links are extended to the lower ends of the respective extended portions when the folding ladder is extended. A stopper (4) engaged with is foldably attached to the person's ascending / descending side of the lower gate-shaped links, and at least one leg of each gate-shaped link is connected to the upper and lower gate-shaped link connection centers, respectively. A slanted long hole (26) that intersects with the straight line (0-0) that connects the two and that becomes higher as the person goes up and down is provided. ), (26) are configured so that they substantially match, and each gate-shaped link is sequentially moved from the lower-end gate-shaped link toward the upper-end gate-shaped link. A locking piece (27) slidably engaged with the lower edge of one rope (12) penetrating the inclined elongated hole from the inside to the outside at the inner edge of the lower end gate-shaped link. And a means for tightening the upper end of the rope between the folded position and the extended position of the ladder.