JPH06312173A - Waste fractionating treatment method and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To fractionate useful resourses from waste with high efficiency and to reutilize the same by fractionating waste into cullet, magnetic matter, aluminum, combustibles and residue. CONSTITUTION:Waste is classified into heavy and light matters by a specific gravity classifier 19 and, after cullet is recovered from the heavy matter, coarse waste is ground by a grinder 39. This ground matter, the light matter after classification and the heavy matter after the cullet is removed are granulated by a granulator 25. Thereafter, this granulated matter is classified into the heavy matter, combustibles and residue by a composite classifier 44. After magnetic matter is recovered from heavy matter by a magnetic classifier 48, the heavy matter is further classified into aluminum and combustibles by an aluminum classifier 49 to recover aluminum. Finally, the combustibles classified from the granulated matter and the combustibles classified from the heavy matter are thrown in a combustible matter banker 56 and the residue from the composite classifier 44 is thrown in a residue banker 58.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating wastes, which are mixed with various materials that can be reused as resources, by material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various kinds of reusable materials such as glass, iron, aluminum and combustible materials are contained in domestic wastes, and these materials can be effectively reused. It is necessary to sort by type.

[0003] Conventionally, in order to reuse the resources contained in this waste, a so-called separated collection, in which each material is collected separately at the stage of collecting the waste, is performed. For example,
Empty cans and bottles are collected separately from other household waste, and empty cans are collected separately from steel cans and aluminum cans.

[0004]

As described above, according to the separate collection in which the waste is divided into each material, the collected resources can be reused with high efficiency.
However, separate collection is based on the premise that each person who produces waste has some interest in resource reuse, and because it imposes a burden on each individual to produce the waste separately, Recycling of useful resources is not very efficient when viewed as a whole waste.

On the other hand, it has been attempted to sort and collect necessary resources from a waste containing useful resources by a machine. However, this is intended to select and extract the target resource, and only the target resource is recovered. In other words, this cannot be said to be an effective way to reuse resources in terms of waste as a whole.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste separation treatment method and apparatus capable of highly efficiently separating useful resources from wastes, particularly household wastes.

[0007]

A method for separating and treating waste according to the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a waste separating and treating method for separating waste into reusable materials. A step of separating into a heavy one and a light one by specific gravity selection, and a step of separating the separated heavy one into a cullet, a magnetic substance and a non-magnetic substance excluding the cullet,
A step of collecting the separated cullet, a step of crushing coarse waste, the crushed waste, the separated light material, and the magnetic material separated from the separated heavy material, and A step of granulating a non-magnetic material, a step of separating the granulated material into a heavy material, a combustible material and a residue, and a separation of the separated heavy material into a magnetic material and other materials A step, a step of collecting the magnetic material separated from the heavy material, a step of separating the heavy material from which the magnetic material is removed into aluminum and a combustible material, and a step of collecting the separated aluminum. And a step of collecting the combustible material separated from the granulated material and the combustible material separated from the heavy material, and a step of recovering the separated residue.

Preferably, the step of collecting the separated cullet has a step of separating the cullet by color.
The step of recovering the inflammable material includes a step of removing an unsuitable material for incineration, and the step of recovering the separated aluminum includes a step of pressing the aluminum.

Further, the waste sorting apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a waste sorting apparatus for sorting waste into reusable materials, wherein the waste is heavy and light. Specific gravity sorting means for sorting into separated ones, means for sorting the heavy ones sorted by the specific gravity sorting means into cullet and the other, means for collecting the sorted cullet, and crushing coarse waste Granulation for granulating crushing means, waste crushed by the crushing means, light ones sorted by the specific gravity sorting means, and heavy ones similarly sorted by the specific gravity sorting means and cullet removed. Means, a means for separating the granulated material into a heavy material, a combustible material, and a residue; a means for separating the heavy material into a magnetic material and other materials; and a separation from the heavy material Means for collecting the separated magnetic material, means for separating the heavy material from which the magnetic material has been removed into aluminum and combustible material, means for collecting the separated aluminum, and from the granulated material It is characterized by having a means for collecting the separated combustible material and the separated combustible material from the heavy material, and a means for recovering the separated residue.

[0010]

[Operation] Waste is first sorted into heavy and light by specific gravity sorting, and the sorted heavy is further sorted into cullet, magnetic material and non-magnetic material (excluding cullet), and cullet is collected. It

On the other hand, the crushed coarse waste, the separated light ones, and the magnetic and non-magnetic substances separated from the same heavy separated ones are easily processed in the subsequent process. Be grained. Here, the coarse waste is crushed to prevent explosion and the like during granulation.

Next, the granulated product is separated into a heavy product, a combustible product, and a residue, and the separated heavy product is further separated into a magnetic product and other products. The separated magnetic material is collected.

The heavy material from which the magnetic material has been removed is separated into aluminum and combustible material, and the aluminum is recovered. In addition, the combustible material separated from the granulated material and the combustible material separated from the heavy material are also collected,
Further, the separated residue is also recovered.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, waste is carried in by a garbage collection vehicle (waste collection vehicle) 11 from the upper left of the drawing. First, the waste is roughly sorted in the rough sorting yard 12. Here, coarse dust mixed in non-combustible dust, and home appliances having a size of 50 cm or more, and other substances that impede the selection of electric wires, linear objects, etc. are removed. Wastes such as roughly sorted bottles, cans, plastic-based waste, papers, and bags are put into the receiving hopper 15 of the supply conveyor 14 by the shovel loader 13. The coarse dust and the difficult-to-treat dust removed here are put into a coarse dust receiving hopper 37, which will be described later, and are crushed.

The waste put in the receiving hopper 15 is carried by the supply conveyor 14, and the second supply conveyor 16
Move to. A bag breaking machine 17 is disposed at the entrance of the second supply conveyor 16, and the waste is taken out of the garbage bag by the bag breaking machine 17. The waste, in the state of being taken out of the bag, passes from the second supply conveyor 16 to the vibration conveyor 18 that follows, and is then sent to the specific gravity sorter 19 by being oscillated so that the waste can be uniformly supplied so as to be quantitatively supplied.

The specific gravity sorter 19 has a conveyor 20 which is inclined in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction, and a blower 21 which blows air from a side having a low inclination to a side having a high inclination. The waste is thrown onto the inclined conveyor 20 and, in the process of conveying the conveyor, the inclination of the conveyor tends to cause the waste to fall, and at the same time, the blowing tends to prevent the fall. As a result, glass bottles, metals, shoes, crockery, rocks, earth and sand, etc. having a large apparent specific gravity overcome the blast resistance and fall from the side of the conveyor onto the cullet conveyor 22 while the plastic film-like Items having a small apparent specific gravity such as items, packs, and empty cans are prevented from falling by the blown air, transported to the end of the conveyor, and then dropped onto the conveyor 23.

A suspension type magnetic sorter 24 is disposed on the transport path of the cullet transport conveyor 22. The magnetic sorter 24 has a built-in magnet, and the magnetic substance in the waste is adsorbed and taken out by its magnetic force. The magnetic substance such as iron sorted by the magnetic sorter 24 is put on the conveyor 23. It should be noted that the magnetic substances once magnetically sorted here are put into the conveyer conveyor 23 in which other dusts are mixed and mixed again, because a lot of dusts are conveyed to this conveyer 22. This is because other foreign matter is contained in the magnetic substance thus obtained, and the sorting accuracy is not good.

Further, a non-magnetic substance removing yard 25 for removing non-magnetic substances except glass (cullet) by human power is provided in the middle of the cullet conveyor 22.
Non-magnetic materials such as aluminum cans, aluminum pots, copper products, metal toys, shoes, and cans with contents removed are also sent to the conveyor 23.

Therefore, only the cullet is finally left on the cullet transfer conveyor 22, which is sent to the second and third cullet transfer conveyors 26 and 27, and from there, the cullet is sent to the hand selection conveyor 28. , In the hand selection yard 29 provided there is white manually,
It is divided into brown, blue, and other colors and collected in a white cullet collection box 30, a tea cullet collection box 31, a blue cullet collection box 32, and another cullet collection box 33, respectively. Then, each cullet separated by color is appropriately carried out from there.

On the other hand, the wastes except the cullet sent to the conveyer 23 are sent to the granulator 35 via the second conveyer 34, where they are easily processed later.
The foreign matter is separated and formed into a granular shape having an appropriate size.

On the other hand, as shown in the upper right of FIG. 1, the shovel loader 36 inputs coarse dust (coarse waste) into the receiving hopper 37, and the thrown coarse dust is fed into the crusher 39 by the coarse dust supply conveyor 38. Crusher 3
It is crushed to a certain size by 9. Here, a sealed container such as a gas cylinder is basically not separately charged into the receiving hopper 37 but is separately processed, but an overlooked container which is thrown into the receiving hopper 37 is crushed by the crusher 39 and is in a sealed state. It is released, the gas remaining inside is discharged, and the subsequent explosion due to compression in the granulator 35 is avoided.

The crushed coarse dust is crushed material conveyor 4
0, which is also sent to the granulator 35 described above.

Next, the granulated waste discharged from the granulator 35 passes through a vibrating conveyor 41, where it is evenly leveled by vibration so that it can be supplied in a fixed amount, and the granule conveying conveyors 42, 43. Sent to the composite sorter 44.

As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 2, the composite sorter 44 includes a rotary hammer 72 disposed below the charging port 71, a rotary sieve 73 disposed downstream of the rotary hammer 72, and a rotary sieve 73. A reverse blade 74 attached to the screen 73, a heavy-weight collection unit 75 provided below the inlet of the rotary screen 73, and the rotary screen 7
3, a residue recovery unit 76 provided below the main body of the rotary body, and a rotary sieve 7.
3 and an inflammable material recovery section 77 provided at the outlet of the No. 3 outlet. A suction port 78 is provided above the combustibles recovery unit 77, and the suction port 78 is connected to the cyclone 63 shown in FIG.

When waste is introduced from the conveyor 43 into the inlet 71, the waste is crushed by the rotary hammer 72 which is rotationally driven by a drive source (not shown), and the waste is sent to the rotary sieve 73 by wind force. At the rotary screen 73, an air flow is generated toward the suction port 78 due to suction by the cyclone 63, and the waste sent to the rotary screen 73 is flown toward the suction port 78. Therefore, first, the reverse blade 7
By the action of 4, heavy objects such as metals, shoes, and heavy plastics such as solid objects fall first into the heavy object recovery unit 75. In addition, the residue consisting of sand, earth and sand, glass fragments, and other small pieces of 30 mm or less passes through the mesh of the rotary sieve 73 and falls to the residue recovery unit 76. In addition, vinyl,
Light combustibles such as paper and sheets pass through the rotary sieve 73,
The combustible material recovery unit 77 falls.

The thus separated heavy objects, combustibles and residues are sent to a heavy goods conveyor 45, a combustibles conveyor 46 and a residue recovery conveyor 47, respectively, as shown in FIG.

The heavy objects sorted by the composite sorter 44 are carried by the heavy goods conveyer 45, and magnetic substances such as iron are separated by the magnetic sorter 48 similar to the above in the middle thereof, and other than the magnetic substances. Are sent to the aluminum sorter 49.

As shown in the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. 3, the aluminum sorter 49 has a conveyor belt 82 which operates at a high speed below an input port 81, and the waste products conveyed from the above-mentioned heavy goods conveyor 45 are removed. It is sent onto the conveyor belt 82 from the input port 81. The front drum of the conveyor belt 82 is a magnet drum 83 having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the circumferential direction so that adjacent magnetic poles are different from each other. A residue recovery unit 85 is provided on the side of the transport belt 82, and a magnetic substance recovery unit 86 is provided below the transport belt 82.

The waste put on the conveyor belt 82 is
The aluminum can is accelerated by the electromagnetic induction of the magnetic field rotating at a high speed, and the aluminum can drops to the frontmost aluminum collecting part 84, and the residue drops to the residue collecting part 85 located behind it. on the other hand,
The magnetic substance such as iron is attracted to the magnet drum 83, goes around the conveyor belt 82, and falls to the magnetic substance recovery unit 86. still,
Since the magnetic substances have been removed by the magnetic sorter 48 in the previous processing step, only a small amount is collected here.

The combustibles separated by the aluminum sorter 49 in this way are, as shown in FIG.
The aluminum can is sent to the combustible material conveyer 46 via 0, is put into an aluminum press 51, is pressed there, and is carried out as a pressed product.

The combustibles discharged from the composite sorter 44 and the aluminum sorter 49 are sent from the combustibles conveyor 46 to the combustibles hand sorting conveyor 52, and in the incineration unsuitables removal yard 53 provided there, by human power, Incombustibles such as aluminum cans, iron cans, and other metals that melt into rocks, porcelain, and hearths to form flinkers are removed, and the incombustibles are collected in the recovery box 54. The inflammable substances from which the incompatible substances have been removed are conveyed by the inflammable substance recovery conveyor 55, put into the inflammable substance bunker 56, and then appropriately discharged by the truck 57.

Further, the residue discharged from the composite sorter 44 is conveyed by the residue recovery conveyor 47, put into the residue bunker 58, and appropriately carried out by the truck 59 from there.

On the other hand, the magnetic substances such as iron and the like separated by the magnetic sorter 48 in the middle of the heavy load transfer conveyor 45 are transferred by the iron recovery conveyor 60 and put into the iron bunker 61, and from there. It is appropriately carried out by the truck 62.

The cyclone 63 is connected to not only the composite sorter 44 but also the granulator 35, and the dirty air in the granulator 35 and the composite sorter 44 is sucked and cleaned through the bag filter 64 and the exhaust fan 65. It is then discharged to the outside.

As described above, according to the present method and apparatus for separating waste, it is possible to separate the waste containing coarse dust into cullet, iron (magnetic material), aluminum, combustible material, unsuitable material for incineration, and residue. It becomes possible to easily and effectively reuse each of the separated resources.

[0036]

As described above in detail with reference to one embodiment, according to the present invention, waste including coarse waste can be separated into cullet, magnetic material, aluminum, combustible material, and residue. Since this is possible, useful resources can be efficiently separated from wastes, especially household wastes, and finite resources can be effectively used.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste separation processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a composite sorter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an aluminum sorter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 17 Bag Crusher 19 Specific Gravity Sorter 24, 48 Magnetic Sorter 25 Non-Magnetic Material Removal Yard 29 Hand Sorting Yard 30, 31, 32, 33 Cullet Recovery Box 35 Granulator 39 Crusher 44 Combined Sorter 47 Residue Recovery Conveyor 49 Aluminum sorter 51 Aluminum press machine 53 Incompatible material removal yard 54 Incompatible material recovery box 55 Combustible material recovery conveyor 56 Combustible material bunker 58 Residual bunker 60 Iron recovery conveyor 61 Iron bunker

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A method for separating and treating waste according to reusable materials, wherein the waste is separated into heavy and light by specific gravity selection, and the separated heavy is cullet. And a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material (excluding cullet), a step of collecting the separated cullet, a step of crushing coarse waste, the crushed waste, and the separated With a light one,
Similarly, a step of granulating a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material separated from the separated heavy material, a step of separating the granulated material into a heavy material, a combustible material, and a residue, and the separation. A step of separating the heavy material into a magnetic material and another material; a step of recovering the magnetic material separated from the heavy material; and a separation of the heavy material from which the magnetic material has been removed into aluminum and a combustible material. A step of recovering the separated aluminum, a step of recovering the combustible material separated from the granulated material and the combustible material separated from the heavy material, and recovering the separated residue A method for separating and treating waste, comprising the steps of: 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting the separated cullet includes a step of separating the cullet by color. 3. The method for separating and treating waste according to claim 1, wherein the step of recovering the combustible material includes a step of removing unsuitable materials for incineration. 4. The method for separating and treating waste according to claim 1, wherein the step of recovering the separated aluminum includes a step of pressing the aluminum. 5. A waste sorting apparatus for sorting waste into reusable materials, and a specific gravity sorting means for sorting waste into heavy ones and light ones, and heavy waste sorted by the specific gravity sorting means. Means for separating things into cullet and other things, means for collecting the separated cullet, crushing means for crushing coarse waste, waste crushed by the crushing means, and the specific gravity sorting Granulating means for granulating the light ones separated by the means, and the heavy ones separated by the specific gravity sorting means and having the cullet removed, and the granulated ones into the heavy material, the combustible material and the residue. A means for separating, a means for separating the heavy material into a magnetic material and another material, a means for collecting the magnetic material separated from the heavy material, and the heavy material from which the magnetic material has been removed A means for separating the aluminum into a combustible material, a means for recovering the separated aluminum, a means for recovering the combustible material separated from the granulated material and the combustible material separated from the heavy material, And a means for recovering the separated residue, the waste separation processing apparatus. 6. A means for sorting heavy items sorted by the specific gravity sorter into cullet and other items,
The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a magnetic sorter for sorting magnetic substances and a non-magnetic substance removing yard for manually sorting non-magnetic substances (except cullet). 7. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for collecting the cullet has a manual sorting yard for manually color-coding the cullet. 8. The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for recovering the inflammable substance has an incineration-unsuitable substance removing yard for removing the incineration-unsuitable substance by human power. 9. The waste fractionation processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for recovering aluminum includes an aluminum press machine.