JPH06311145A - Pointer reception abnormality judgement method - Google Patents
Pointer reception abnormality judgement methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06311145A JPH06311145A JP5099236A JP9923693A JPH06311145A JP H06311145 A JPH06311145 A JP H06311145A JP 5099236 A JP5099236 A JP 5099236A JP 9923693 A JP9923693 A JP 9923693A JP H06311145 A JPH06311145 A JP H06311145A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pointer
- divided
- pointers
- error detection
- abnormality
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/062—Synchronisation of signals having the same nominal but fluctuating bit rates, e.g. using buffers
- H04J3/0623—Synchronous multiplexing systems, e.g. synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network (SDH/SONET), synchronisation with a pointer process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0057—Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM]
- H04J2203/006—Fault tolerance and recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はSDH(Synchronous Di
gital Hierarchy)伝送フレ−ムを用いて情報を伝送す
るSDH伝送方式におけるポインタ受信異常判定方法に
関するものである。The present invention relates to SDH (Synchronous Dielectric).
(Gital Hierarchy) The present invention relates to a pointer reception abnormality determination method in the SDH transmission method for transmitting information using a transmission frame.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】CCITT(国際電信電話諮問委員会)
勧告G.707、708、709にて規定されているS
DH伝送方式においては、ポインタと呼ばれるブロック
位置指定方式が採用されている。このポインタはバーチ
ャルコンテナと呼ばれるブロック化された情報の先頭位
置をポインタ値収容タイムスロットからの距離としてバ
イト数で示すものである。2. Description of the Related Art CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)
Recommendation G. S specified by 707, 708, and 709
In the DH transmission method, a block position specifying method called a pointer is adopted. This pointer indicates the start position of blocked information called a virtual container in bytes as a distance from the pointer value accommodating time slot.
【0003】また、複数のバーチャルコンテナを連結し
て、1つのバーチャルコンテナの容量より多くの情報を
送る方法が定義されている。このとき、連結された複数
のバーチャルコンテナに対してポインタは1つだけ定義
され、その他のポインタ領域には、複数のバーチャルコ
ンテナの連結を示すコンカチネーションインディケーシ
ョンビットが格納される。たとえば、バーチャルコンテ
ナ−4をX個連結する場合には、AU−4−Xcポイン
タが対応するポインタ領域の最初の部分に格納され、ポ
インタ領域の他の部分にはコンカチネーションインディ
ケーションビットが格納される。Further, a method is defined in which a plurality of virtual containers are connected to send more information than the capacity of one virtual container. At this time, only one pointer is defined for the plurality of connected virtual containers, and a concatenation indication bit indicating the connection of the plurality of virtual containers is stored in the other pointer areas. For example, when connecting X virtual containers-4, the AU-4-Xc pointer is stored in the first part of the corresponding pointer area, and the concatenation indication bit is stored in the other part of the pointer area. It
【0004】図2はSTM−4フレームにおけるAU−
4−4cポインタを示す図である。図に示すように、ポ
インタ値収容タイムスロットH1、H2には、バーチャ
ルコンテナVC−4の先頭位置を示すポインタ値PTR
とともに、ニューデータフラグビットNDFおよびサイ
ズ指定ビットSSが格納され、ポインタ値PTR、ニュ
ーデータフラグビットNDF、サイズ指定ビットSSに
よってAU−4−4cポインタが構成されている。FIG. 2 shows the AU- in the STM-4 frame.
It is a figure which shows a 4-4c pointer. As shown in the figure, in the pointer value accommodating time slots H1 and H2, there is a pointer value PTR indicating the start position of the virtual container VC-4.
In addition, the new data flag bit NDF and the size designation bit SS are stored, and the pointer value PTR, the new data flag bit NDF, and the size designation bit SS form an AU-4-4c pointer.
【0005】なお、AU−4ポインタのポインタ値の受
信異常判定方法は、CCITT勧告G.783に記述さ
れているように、ポインタ値が782を超えないこと
で、正常値とみなしている。また、コンカチネーション
インディケーションビットCIは伝送信号がAU−4−
4cポインタであることを示すものであるため、AU−
4−4cポインタの伝送中はその正常性を常時監視して
おく必要がある。A method for determining the reception abnormality of the pointer value of the AU-4 pointer is described in CCITT Recommendation G.264. As described in 783, when the pointer value does not exceed 782, it is regarded as a normal value. Further, the concatenation indication bit CI has a transmission signal of AU-4-
Since it indicates a 4c pointer, AU-
It is necessary to constantly monitor the normality of the 4-4c pointer during transmission.
【0006】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、従来はコンカ
チネーションインディケーションビットCIの監視も含
めたAU−4−Xcポインタの受信異常判定方法が定義
されていなかった。そして、ポインタ受信異常判定方法
においては、短い異常検出時間すなわち短い保護段数で
も異常誤検出確率を小さく抑えることができる方法が望
ましい。However, conventionally, a method of determining the reception abnormality of the AU-4-Xc pointer including the monitoring of the concatenation indication bit CI has not been defined. In the pointer reception abnormality determining method, it is desirable that the abnormality erroneous detection probability can be suppressed to be small even with a short abnormality detection time, that is, a short number of protection steps.
【0007】この発明は上述の課題を解決するためにな
されたもので、短い保護段数でも異常誤検出確率の小さ
いポインタ受信異常判定方法を提供することを目的とす
る。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pointer reception abnormality determination method which has a small probability of abnormality error detection even with a short number of protection steps.
【0008】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達成するた
め、この発明においては、複数のバーチャルコンテナ−
4を連結し、6XバイトのAU−4−Xcポインタを付
加して伝送するSDH伝送方式におけるポインタ受信異
常判定方法において、上記AU−4−XcポインタをA
U−4ポインタ相当の大きさである6バイトを単位にX
個の分割ポインタに分割し、上記分割ポインタそれぞれ
に独立に一定値の保護をかけて上記分割ポインタの受信
異常の検出を行なった後、その結果の論理和で上記AU
−4−Xcポインタの受信異常の判定を行なう。In order to achieve this object, according to the present invention, a plurality of virtual containers are
In the pointer reception abnormality determination method in the SDH transmission method in which 4 are concatenated and a 6X-byte AU-4-Xc pointer is added and transmitted, the AU-4-Xc pointer is
X in units of 6 bytes, which is the size of a U-4 pointer
The divided pointer is divided into a plurality of divided pointers, a fixed value is independently protected for each divided pointer, and the reception abnormality of the divided pointer is detected.
-4-A judgment is made as to the reception abnormality of the Xc pointer.
【0009】[0009]
【作用】このポインタ受信異常判定方法においては、伝
送路誤りに基づく誤検出時間間隔を大きくすることがで
きる。In this pointer reception abnormality determining method, the erroneous detection time interval based on the transmission path error can be increased.
【0010】[0010]
【実施例】図1はこの発明に係るポインタ受信異常判定
方法を実施するための装置を示す図である。図に示すよ
うに、光受信部1で受信された信号についてSOH処理
部2にてフレーム同期をとり、さらに各オーバーヘッド
バイトの処理を行なう。つぎに、分離部3にて連結され
たバーチャルコンテナおよびポインタ値収容タイムスロ
ットを分離する。すなわち、STM−4においてはバー
チャルコンテナVC−4を最大4連結することが可能で
あり、このときに付加されるAU−4−4cポインタは
24バイト長となるが、AU−4−4cポインタをAU
−4ポインタ相当の大きさである6バイトを単位に4個
の分割ポインタに分割する。つぎに、先頭の分割ポイン
タについてはポインタ照合部4にて照合を行ない、後続
の3個の分割ポインタについてはCI照合部5a〜5c
にてビットパターン照合を行なう。つぎに、分割ポイン
タそれぞれにつき独立に検出保護部6a〜6dにて一定
値の検出保護を行ない、異常が保護段数回連続すれば検
出保護部6a〜6dから異常信号を出力する。つぎに、
OR回路7にて論理和をとり、検出保護部6a〜6dの
少なくとも1つから異常信号が出力されれば、OR回路
7からLOP(Loss of Pointer)検出信号を出力す
る。1 is a diagram showing an apparatus for carrying out a pointer reception abnormality judging method according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the signal received by the optical receiving unit 1 is frame-synchronized by the SOH processing unit 2, and each overhead byte is processed. Next, the virtual container and the pointer value accommodating time slot connected by the separating unit 3 are separated. That is, in STM-4, it is possible to connect up to four virtual containers VC-4, and the AU-4-4c pointer added at this time has a length of 24 bytes. AU
4 bytes are divided into 4 divided pointers in units of 6 bytes, which is a size equivalent to 4 pointers. Next, the pointer collating unit 4 collates the first divided pointer, and the CI collating units 5a to 5c for the subsequent three divided pointers.
Check the bit pattern at. Next, the detection protection units 6a to 6d independently perform detection protection of a fixed value for each of the divided pointers, and if an abnormality continues for the number of protection stages, the detection protection units 6a to 6d output an abnormality signal. Next,
The OR circuit 7 takes the logical sum, and when at least one of the detection protection units 6a to 6d outputs an abnormal signal, the OR circuit 7 outputs a LOP (Loss of Pointer) detection signal.
【0011】ここで、LOP判定を行なう場合の異常誤
検出確率は誤検出時間間隔の逆数である。そして、伝送
路誤りに対する保護段数をn、フレーム周期をt、ポイ
ンタ誤り確率をPとすると、伝送路誤りに基づく誤検出
時間間隔Tは次式で評価できる。Here, the abnormality erroneous detection probability when making the LOP determination is the reciprocal of the erroneous detection time interval. Then, assuming that the number of protection stages for transmission path errors is n, the frame period is t, and the pointer error probability is P, the error detection time interval T based on transmission path errors can be evaluated by the following equation.
【0012】[0012]
【数1】 [Equation 1]
【0013】そして、ポインタ照合ビット数をr、伝送
路誤り率フレーム周期をPeとすると、P=r・Peで
ある。If the number of pointer matching bits is r and the transmission path error rate frame period is Pe, then P = r · Pe.
【0014】したがって、AU−4ポインタの誤検出時
間間隔Tは、AU−4ポインタではポインタ照合ビット
数rは38であり、またフレーム周期tは125μ秒で
あるから、保護段数nが5、伝送路誤り率Peが10~4
の条件下では、誤検出時間間隔は5年になる。Therefore, the erroneous detection time interval T of the AU-4 pointer is 38 in the pointer collation bit number r in the AU-4 pointer, and the frame period t is 125 μsec. Road error rate Pe is 10 ~ 4
Under this condition, the false detection time interval is 5 years.
【0015】また、AU−4−4cポインタを分割せず
に異常検出を行なった場合には、ポインタ照合ビット数
rが155であるから、誤検出時間間隔Tは0.004
年となる。Further, when the abnormality is detected without dividing the AU-4-4c pointer, the number r of pointer collation bits is 155, so the erroneous detection time interval T is 0.004.
It will be the year.
【0016】一方、AU−4−XcポインタをX個(連
結数)に分割した場合には、伝送路誤りに基づく誤検出
時間間隔Tは次式で評価できる。On the other hand, when the AU-4-Xc pointer is divided into X pieces (the number of connections), the false detection time interval T based on the transmission path error can be evaluated by the following equation.
【0017】[0017]
【数2】 [Equation 2]
【0018】そして、連結前のポインタ照合ビット数を
mとすると、P=m・Peであり、ポインタ照合ビット
数mは38であるから、連結数Xが4のときには、フレ
ーム周期t、保護段数n、伝送路誤り率Peが上述と同
様であると、誤検出時間間隔Tは1.25年となる。When the number of pointer collation bits before concatenation is m, P = m · Pe and the number of pointer collation bits m is 38. Therefore, when the number of concatenation X is 4, the frame period t and the number of protection stages are set. If n and the transmission line error rate Pe are the same as those described above, the false detection time interval T is 1.25 years.
【0019】このように、AU−4−4cポインタを4
個の分割ポインタに分割して異常検出を行なった場合に
は、AU−4−4cポインタを分割せずに異常検出を行
なった場合と比較して、誤検出時間間隔Tが非常に大き
くなる。したがって、短い保護段数でも異常誤検出確率
の小さいポインタ受信異常判定が可能となる。Thus, the AU-4-4c pointer is set to 4
When the abnormality detection is performed by dividing the pointer into the divided pointers, the erroneous detection time interval T becomes very large as compared with the case where the abnormality detection is performed without dividing the AU-4-4c pointer. Therefore, even if the number of protection steps is short, it is possible to perform pointer reception abnormality determination with a small abnormality erroneous detection probability.
【0020】なお、上述実施例においては、連結数Xが
4の場合について説明したが、連結数が他の場合にもこ
の発明を適用できることは明らかである。In the above embodiment, the case where the number of connections X is 4 has been described, but it is obvious that the present invention can be applied to the case where the number of connections is other.
【0021】[0021]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明に係るポ
インタ受信異常判定方法においては、伝送路誤りに基づ
く誤検出時間間隔を大きくすることができるから、短い
保護段数でも異常誤検出確率を小さくすることができ
る。このように、この発明の効果は顕著である。As described above, in the pointer reception abnormality determining method according to the present invention, since the error detection time interval based on the transmission path error can be increased, the error error detection probability can be reduced even with a short number of protection steps. can do. As described above, the effect of the present invention is remarkable.
【図1】この発明に係るポインタ受信異常判定方法を実
施するための装置を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an apparatus for implementing a pointer reception abnormality determination method according to the present invention.
【図2】STM−4におけるAU−4−4cポインタを
示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an AU-4-4c pointer in STM-4.
1…光受信部 2…SOH処理部 3…分離部 4…ポインタ照合部 5…CI照合部 6…検出保護回路 7…OR回路 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Optical receiving part 2 ... SOH processing part 3 ... Separation part 4 ... Pointer collation part 5 ... CI collation part 6 ... Detection protection circuit 7 ... OR circuit
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 上松 仁 東京都千代田区内幸町一丁目1番6号 日 本電信電話株式会社内 (72)発明者 上田 裕巳 東京都千代田区内幸町一丁目1番6号 日 本電信電話株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Hitoshi Uematsu 1-1-6 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nihon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (72) Inventor Hiromi Ueda 1-1-6 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
Claims (1)
6XバイトのAU−4−Xcポインタを付加して伝送す
るSDH伝送方式におけるポインタ受信異常判定方法に
おいて、上記AU−4−XcポインタをAU−4ポイン
タ相当の大きさである6バイトを単位にX個の分割ポイ
ンタに分割し、上記分割ポインタそれぞれに独立に一定
値の保護をかけて上記分割ポインタの受信異常の検出を
行なった後、その結果の論理和で上記AU−4−Xcポ
インタの受信異常の判定を行なうことを特徴とするポイ
ンタ受信異常判定方法。1. Connecting a plurality of virtual containers-4,
In the pointer reception abnormality determination method in the SDH transmission method in which a 6X-byte AU-4-Xc pointer is added and transmitted, the AU-4-Xc pointer is divided into X units in units of 6 bytes which is the size corresponding to the AU-4 pointer. The divided pointer is divided into a plurality of divided pointers, a fixed value is independently protected for each divided pointer, and the reception abnormality of the divided pointer is detected. Then, the logical sum of the results is used to receive the AU-4-Xc pointer. A pointer reception abnormality determination method characterized by determining abnormality.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05099236A JP3081406B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Pointer reception error judgment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05099236A JP3081406B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Pointer reception error judgment method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06311145A true JPH06311145A (en) | 1994-11-04 |
JP3081406B2 JP3081406B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
Family
ID=14242055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP05099236A Expired - Fee Related JP3081406B2 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Pointer reception error judgment method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3081406B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08107392A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-04-23 | Nec Corp | Pointer abnormality detector |
US6118795A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2000-09-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Reception pointer processing apparatus in SDH transmission system |
US6714531B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2004-03-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and device for avoiding error of pointer process in SDH radio communication |
-
1993
- 1993-04-26 JP JP05099236A patent/JP3081406B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08107392A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-04-23 | Nec Corp | Pointer abnormality detector |
US6118795A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2000-09-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Reception pointer processing apparatus in SDH transmission system |
CN100353706C (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2007-12-05 | 富士通株式会社 | Reception pointer processing apparatus in SDH transmission system |
US7359316B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 2008-04-15 | Fujitsu Limited | Reception pointer processing apparatus in SDH transmission system |
US6714531B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2004-03-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Method and device for avoiding error of pointer process in SDH radio communication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3081406B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
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