JPH063091U - Wire rod tension device - Google Patents
Wire rod tension deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH063091U JPH063091U JP3052091U JP3052091U JPH063091U JP H063091 U JPH063091 U JP H063091U JP 3052091 U JP3052091 U JP 3052091U JP 3052091 U JP3052091 U JP 3052091U JP H063091 U JPH063091 U JP H063091U
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wire rod
- horizontal member
- chevron
- wire
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】例えば鉄塔の水平部材の要所に設置される、鳥
害防止用の線材張設装置を改良して構造の簡素化と汎用
性を持たせる。
【構成】上記水平部材の任意個所に任意間隔で、線材係
止部材とL字形鋼からなる金具の一対を、上記水平部材
の山形鋼を挾持して設け、上記線材係止部材の係止部
(図面における13、13’)間に線材を架設してなる
線材張設装置。
(57) [Abstract] [Objective] For example, a wire rod tensioning device for bird damage prevention, which is installed at a key part of a horizontal member of a steel tower, is improved to have a simple structure and general versatility. A pair of a wire rod locking member and a metal fitting made of L-shaped steel is provided at arbitrary positions on the horizontal member at arbitrary intervals by sandwiching the angle steel of the horizontal member, and a locking portion of the wire rod locking member. (13, 13 'in the drawing) A wire rod tensioning device formed by laying a wire rod between them.
Description
【0001】[0001]
この考案は、例えば鉄塔の水平部材の要所に設置される、線材を張設しての鳥 害防止装置に関し、改良された線材張設装置に係るものである。 The present invention relates to an improved wire rod tensioning device for a bird damage prevention device by tensioning a wire rod, which is installed in a key part of a horizontal member of a steel tower, for example.
【0002】[0002]
鉄塔等の野外に建立される高層建造物はどうしても鳥類の営巣や休息場所とし て絶好であることから、これ等に起因する様々な鳥害が数多く発生している。特 に小鳥群の休息にあっては啼声が凄しいことや、塔自身および直下の施設や植木 等を汚損すること、また、送電用の鉄塔であれば設備に触れて閃絡事故を誘発す ることなどの事件が報告されている。加えて、カラスの如く大型の鳥類の場合に あっては飛翔力もあり、可成の重量の金属線材を営巣目的に咥えて飛来し、これ を休息時に落下せしめて下方の施設を破損することや、その鉄塔が送電用である ときは、閃絡事故にも繋ることから、これらの対策として種々の鳥害防止用具が 提案されて来た。とりわけ送電用鉄塔の場合、営巣は可成高所である腕金の張出 す付近の塔体内に木技、木片、金属線材等を咥えて持込みアングル鋼材で構成さ れている塔体内の四隅に好んで設営しており、鳥類は離着地に際して、その翼を 拡げた範囲に障害物があることを嫌うから、塔体内に直接着地することはなく、 まず腕金の好ましい個所に着地し、水平部材である腕金を伝って塔体内に進入し て営巣作業に励むのである。 従って、前記腕金に鳥類の休息を拒否すべく、その対策として、腕金の要部を 防鳥網で覆うものや、金属や強化樹脂からなる阻止ロッドを拡げた翼に当る間隔 で設置したもの、或いは細線材を腕金構成部材に沿って張設すること等が主とし てなされており、このうち細線材を張設する手段は、取付も容易で比較的低価な 対策費用ですみ、効果的でもあることからよく採用されている。 High-rise buildings constructed outdoors, such as steel towers, are perfect for nesting and resting places for birds, so many types of bird damage are caused by them. Especially, when the birds are resting, the voices are terrible, and the tower itself and the facilities and plants directly under it are polluted. Cases such as rubbing have been reported. In addition, in the case of a large bird such as a crow, it also has a flight power, and a heavy weight of metal wire rod is caught and flies for the purpose of nesting, and it may be dropped at rest to damage the facility below. However, when the tower is used for power transmission, it may lead to a flashover accident, so various bird damage prevention tools have been proposed as measures against these. Especially in the case of power transmission towers, nesting is made up of angled steel materials with woodwork, wood chips, metal wire rods, etc. in the tower body near the arm's overhang, which is a high place. At the time of takeoff and landing, birds do not like to have obstacles in the area where their wings are expanded, so they do not land directly on the tower, but first land on the preferred part of the armor, The horizontal member, the arm member, is passed through to enter the tower, and the nesting work is done. Therefore, to prevent the rest of birds from resting on the arms, measures were taken to prevent the birds from resting, such that the main parts of the arms were covered with a bird net, or a blocking rod made of metal or reinforced resin was installed at intervals so as to hit the wings. The main method is to stretch a wire or a thin wire along a member of the armrest, and the method for stretching the thin wire is easy to install and requires relatively low cost. It is often adopted because it is effective.
【0003】 斯様な線材を張設する器具の提案として例えば実開昭63−113430号お よび実開昭63−113431号の明細書に開示されている技術らがある。同技 術らは、送電鉄塔の腕金に線材を張設するための器具であって必要に応じて該線 材を弛緩させて保守、点検、清掃など各種の作業に貢する器具の提案であるが、 専用部品でもあるため、構造が複雑でまた汎用性にも問題が残り、本考案はかか る事情を勘案して、より簡素化した構造と汎用性を持たせた鳥害防止に供する線 材張設装置の改良を、その課題とするものである。Techniques disclosed in the specifications of, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-113430 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-113431 are proposed as devices for stretching such a wire rod. The same technology proposes a device for tensioning a wire on the armor of a power transmission tower and relaxing the wire as needed to contribute to various tasks such as maintenance, inspection, and cleaning. However, since it is also a dedicated part, the structure is complicated and there is a problem in versatility, and the present invention takes into consideration the circumstances and aims to prevent bird damage with a more simplified structure and versatility. The task is to improve the wire rod tensioning equipment used.
【0004】 即ち本考案は、二個の金具間に線材を張設して用いるものではあるが、一対の 同一の金具によりなされ、かつ山形鋼よりなる水平部材の任意の個所に任意長の 線材を架設し得るようなされたものである。 また、上記山形鋼よりなる水平部材が設計上、上向き又は下向きに構成(後述 する)されている場合にもそれぞれの対応がなされるようになしたものである。That is, although the present invention uses a wire rod stretched between two metal fittings, a wire rod made of a pair of identical metal fittings and having an arbitrary length at any position of a horizontal member made of angle steel. It can be installed. Further, when the horizontal member made of the angle steel is designed upward or downward (to be described later) by design, the respective measures are taken.
【0005】[0005]
この考案は上記の事情を勘案してなされた線材張設装置であり、鳥類の休息を 阻止すべき、山形鋼よりなる水平部材の要所に所定間隔を存して設けられる一対 の金具と、この両金具間に張設される線材とで構成され、上記金具は上記水平部 材が上向きに構成されてなるとき、線材係止部材は四個の外面を持つロの字形鋼 であり、うち下面と側面が上記水平部材の山形鋼に応接し、別に設けるL字形鋼 との間に該山形鋼を挾持すると共に、上面には前記線材を直接又は間接に、他方 の線材係止部材の上面との間に係止し、張設すべくなし、 或いは、前記水平部 材が下向きに構成されてなるときにおいては、線材係止部材は、外側の上面に起 立片を備えたL字形鋼であり、内側の二面が上記水平部材の山形鋼に応接し、別 に設けるL字形鋼との間に該山形鋼を挾持すると共に、上記上面に備えた起立片 には前記線材を直接又は間接に、他方の線材係止部材の上面に備えた起立片との 間に係止し、張設すべくなして、標記の手段とするものである。 This invention is a wire rod tensioning device made in consideration of the above circumstances, and a pair of metal fittings, which are provided at predetermined intervals at the important points of a horizontal member made of chevron steel, which should prevent the resting of birds, When the horizontal member is configured to face upward, the wire rod locking member is a square-shaped steel having four outer surfaces. The lower surface and the side surface are in contact with the angle steel of the horizontal member, and the angle steel is sandwiched between the L-shaped steel provided separately, and the wire is directly or indirectly attached to the upper surface of the other wire locking member. When the horizontal member is configured downward, the wire member locking member is an L-shaped steel having an upright piece on the outer upper surface. L-shaped steel whose inner two surfaces are in contact with the angle steel of the horizontal member and which is provided separately. While holding the chevron between the wire rod and the standing piece provided on the upper surface, the wire is directly or indirectly locked to the standing piece provided on the upper surface of the other wire locking member. It is a means of marking that should be set up.
【0006】[0006]
図1の(A)に示す水平部材イは俗に「雨受け」と呼ばれ、山形鋼は上向きに 構成され、同じく図1の(B)に示す水平部材ロは俗に「雨よけ」と呼ばれ、山 形鋼は下向きに構成され、例えば鉄塔の一部をなしており、設計上、その箇所の 事情により選択され、上記二種類が混在している。 図1の(A)は上向きに構成された水平部材イに本考案の線材張設装置を設置し た場合(以下、ボルトナットの図示を省略する)を例示するもので、鳥類の休息 を阻止すべき必要エリアの長手方向に一対の金具を取付け、両金具間に線材1を 張設してなるものである。 上記に用いられる金具は図2に示す通り線材係止部材10とL字形鋼11から なり、該線材係止部材10は角柱材を輪切りにした形状の四個の外面を持つロの 字形鋼であり、うち下面と側面を前記水平部材イの山形鋼に応接させ、L字形鋼 11と協働して該水平部材イを挾持して一対の金具は設けられる(この場合ボル ト孔12を利用してボルトナットで緊締される)。線材係止部材10の上面には 係止部13として透孔か2個穿孔されており、他方の金具の係止部との間にフッ ク14を介して線材1の二条が張設される。 The horizontal member (a) shown in FIG. 1 (A) is commonly called "rain catcher", and the angle steel is configured upward, and the horizontal member (b) shown in FIG. 1 (B) is also commonly called "rain shelter". The angle steel is constructed downward and forms part of, for example, a steel tower, and is selected depending on the circumstances of the location in design, and the above two types are mixed. FIG. 1 (A) illustrates a case in which the wire rod tensioning device of the present invention is installed on a horizontal member (a) configured upward (hereinafter, illustration of bolts and nuts is omitted), which prevents resting of birds. A pair of metal fittings are attached in the longitudinal direction of the required area to be formed, and the wire rod 1 is stretched between the both metal fittings. As shown in FIG. 2, the metal fittings used above are composed of a wire rod locking member 10 and an L-shaped steel 11. The wire rod locking member 10 is a square-shaped steel having four outer surfaces in the shape of a square pillar cut into a slice. Yes, of which the lower surface and the side surface are brought into contact with the chevron steel of the horizontal member a, and the pair of metal fittings are provided by holding the horizontal member a in cooperation with the L-shaped steel 11 (in this case, the bolt hole 12 is used. Then tighten with bolts and nuts). A through hole or two holes are formed on the upper surface of the wire rod locking member 10 as a locking portion 13, and two lines of the wire rod 1 are stretched via a hook 14 between the locking portion of the other metal fitting. .
【0007】 図1(B)は下向きに構成された水平部材ロに本考案の線材張設装置を設置し た場合を例示するもので、前記同様必要エリアの長手方向に一対の金具を取付け 、両金具間に線材1’を張設してなるものである。 これに用いられる金具は図 3に示す通り線材係止部材10’とL字形鋼11’からなり、該線材係止部材1 0’は外側の上面に起立片15を備えたL字形鋼であり、内側の二面を前記水平 部材ロの山形鋼に応接させL字形鋼11’と協働して該水平部材ロを挾持して一 対の金具は設けられる(この場合前述と同様ボルト孔12を利用してボルトナッ トで緊締される)。線材係止部材10’に備えられた起立片15には係止部13 ’として透孔が穿設されており、他方の金具の係止部との間にフック14を介し て線材1’が張設されている。FIG. 1 (B) shows an example of a case where the wire rod tensioning device of the present invention is installed on a horizontal member (b) facing downward. Similarly to the above, a pair of metal fittings are attached in the longitudinal direction of the necessary area. The wire rod 1'is stretched between both metal fittings. The metal fitting used for this is composed of a wire rod locking member 10 'and an L-shaped steel 11' as shown in FIG. 3, and the wire rod locking member 10 'is an L-shaped steel having a standing piece 15 on the outer upper surface. , The inner two surfaces of the horizontal member B are brought into contact with the angle steel and the L-shaped steel 11 'cooperates to hold the horizontal member B to provide a pair of metal fittings (in this case, the bolt holes 12 Be tightened with a bolt nut). The standing piece 15 provided on the wire rod locking member 10 'is provided with a through hole as a locking portion 13', and the wire rod 1'is secured via the hook 14 to the locking portion of the other metal fitting. It is stretched.
【0008】 線材1、1’は当該装置を設置する環境や対策する鳥の種類、金具間の距離等 に応じて材質や直径を選択すればよく通常、スプリングワイヤ、スチールワイヤ 、ステンレス撚線、ナイロンテグス、アラミド繊維撚線、等が用いられ両端部は 、実施例ではフック14を介して両金具の係止部(13、13’)間に係止させ 鳥害防止装置を構成している。 なお、図1の(A)における例示では、線材1の二条を張設してあるが、水平 部材イのサイズが小型であるとき、その一条を省略することは自由である。For the wire rods 1 and 1 ′, the material and diameter may be selected according to the environment in which the device is installed, the type of birds to be treated, the distance between metal fittings, etc. Normally, spring wire, steel wire, stainless stranded wire, Nylon tex, aramid fiber stranded wire, etc. are used, and both ends are locked between the locking parts (13, 13 ') of both fittings via the hook 14 in the embodiment to form a bird damage prevention device. . In addition, in the example in FIG. 1A, two strips of the wire rod 1 are stretched, but when the size of the horizontal member a is small, that one strip may be omitted.
【0009】[0009]
本考案に係る線材張設装置は従来技術において専用部品であった装置を改良し た上述の構成よりなるから、汎用性があり水平部材の任意の個所に任意長の線材 を架設し得、かつ設置に際して二ケ所のボルトナットの緊締でなされ(一金具当 り)、高所作業での安全と迅速性が確保され、しかも極めて簡素化した構造であ るから安価な提供が可能であるなど多くの好ましい効果を有する。 Since the wire rod tensioning device according to the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration which is an improvement of the device which is a dedicated part in the prior art, it has versatility and can lay a wire rod of any length on any place of the horizontal member, and In installation, the bolts and nuts are tightened in two places (one metal fitting), ensuring safety and speed in high-place work, and the extremely simple structure makes it possible to provide at low cost. Has the desired effect of.
【図1】本考案の線材張設装置を水平部材に設置した状
態を例示する斜視図で、(A)は水平部材が上向きに構
成されている場合、(B)は同じく下向きに構成されて
いる場合をそれぞれ示すものである(なお、水平部材は
仮想線で示し、ボルトナットの図示は以下省略する)。FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which a wire rod tensioning device of the present invention is installed on a horizontal member, where (A) is a structure in which the horizontal member is oriented upward, and (B) is also configured in a downward direction. The horizontal members are shown by imaginary lines, and the bolts and nuts are not shown below.
【図2】図1の(A)に示す金具の斜視図(線材係止部
材の一部を破断してある)。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the metal fitting shown in FIG. 1A (a part of the wire rod locking member is broken).
【図3】図1の(B)に示す金具の斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the metal fitting shown in FIG. 1 (B).
イ、ロ・・・水平部材 1、1’・・・線材 10、10’・・・線材係止部材 11、11’・・
・L字形鋼 12・・・ボルト孔 13、13’・・・係止部 14・・・フック 15・・・起立片A, B ... Horizontal member 1, 1 '... Wire rod 10, 10' ... Wire rod locking member 11, 11 '...
・ L-shaped steel 12 ・ ・ ・ Bolt hole 13, 13 '・ ・ ・ Locking part 14 ・ ・ ・ Hook 15 ・ ・ ・ Standing piece
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成5年6月11日[Submission date] June 11, 1993
【手続補正1】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】図面の簡単な説明[Name of item to be corrected] Brief description of the drawing
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図1】本考案の線材張設装置を水平部材に設置した状
態を例示する斜視図で、(A)は水平部材が上向きに構
成されている場合、(B)は同じく下向きに構成されて
いる場合をそれぞれ示すものである(なお、水平部材は
仮想線で示し、ボルトナットの図示は以下省略する)。FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which a wire rod tensioning device of the present invention is installed on a horizontal member, where (A) is a structure in which the horizontal member is oriented upward, and (B) is also configured in a downward direction. The horizontal members are shown by imaginary lines, and the bolts and nuts are not shown below.
【図2】図1の(A)に示す金具の斜視図(線材係止部
材の一部を破断してある)。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the metal fitting shown in FIG. 1A (a part of the wire rod locking member is broken).
【図3】図1の(B)に示す金具の斜視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the metal fitting shown in FIG. 1 (B).
【手続補正2】[Procedure Amendment 2]
【補正対象書類名】図面[Document name to be corrected] Drawing
【補正対象項目名】全図[Correction target item name] All drawings
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【図1】 [Figure 1]
【図2】 [Fig. 2]
【図3】 [Figure 3]
Claims (2)
る水平部材の要所に、所定間隔を存して設けられる一対
の金具と、この両金具間に張設される線材とにより構成
される線材張設装置であって、上記金具は前記水平部材
が上向きに構成されてなるとき、線材係止部材は四個の
外面を持つロの字形鋼であり、うち下面と側面が上記水
平部材の山形鋼に応接し、別に設けるL字形鋼との間に
該山形鋼を挾持すると共に、上面には前記線材を直接又
は間接に、他方の線材係止部材の上面との間に係止し、
張設することを特徴とする線材張設装置。1. A pair of metal fittings which are provided at a predetermined interval at a key portion of a horizontal member made of chevron steel for preventing the resting of birds, and a wire rod stretched between the both metal fittings. In the wire rod tensioning device, when the horizontal member is configured upward, the wire rod locking member is a square-shaped steel having four outer surfaces, of which the lower surface and the side surface are horizontal. The chevron of the member is held in contact with the chevron, and the chevron is sandwiched between it and a separately provided L-shaped steel, and the wire is directly or indirectly held on the upper surface between the wire and the upper surface of the other wire locking member. Then
A wire rod tensioning device for tensioning.
る水平部材の要所に、所定間隔を存して設けられる一対
の金具と、この両金具間に張設される線材とにより構成
される線材張設装置であって、上記金具は前記水平部材
が下向きに構成されてなるとき、線材係止部材は外側の
上面に起立片を備えたL字形鋼であり、内側の二個の面
が上記水平部材の山形鋼に応接し、別に設けるL字形鋼
との間に該山形鋼を挾持すると共に、上記上面に備えた
起立片には前記線材を直接又は間接に、他方の線材係止
部材の上面に備えた起立片との間に係止し、張設するこ
とを特徴とする線材張設装置。2. A pair of metal fittings provided at a predetermined interval at a key part of a horizontal member made of chevron steel which should prevent the resting of birds, and a wire rod stretched between the both metal fittings. When the horizontal member is configured downward, the wire rod locking member is an L-shaped steel having a rising piece on the outer upper surface, and the inner two The surface is in contact with the chevron of the horizontal member, and the chevron is sandwiched between the chevron and a separately provided L-shaped steel, and the wire rod is directly or indirectly attached to the standing piece provided on the upper surface, or the wire rod support of the other wire rod. A wire rod tensioning device, wherein the wire rod tensioning device engages with a standing piece provided on an upper surface of a stopper member and stretches the stopper.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1991030520U JP2540261Y2 (en) | 1991-02-04 | 1991-02-04 | Wire rod stretching device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1991030520U JP2540261Y2 (en) | 1991-02-04 | 1991-02-04 | Wire rod stretching device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH063091U true JPH063091U (en) | 1994-01-18 |
JP2540261Y2 JP2540261Y2 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
Family
ID=12306093
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1991030520U Expired - Lifetime JP2540261Y2 (en) | 1991-02-04 | 1991-02-04 | Wire rod stretching device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2540261Y2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100437578B1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2004-06-30 | 한국전력공사 | Distribution line Cross Arm Earth Wire Holder |
JP2019154100A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-12 | 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 | Bird damage prevention tool |
-
1991
- 1991-02-04 JP JP1991030520U patent/JP2540261Y2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100437578B1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2004-06-30 | 한국전력공사 | Distribution line Cross Arm Earth Wire Holder |
JP2019154100A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-12 | 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 | Bird damage prevention tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2540261Y2 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20200347625A1 (en) | Safety net and safety net components for multi-storey building construction | |
US5730246A (en) | Roof inspection fall protection system | |
US8893662B2 (en) | Raptor perch apparatus and system | |
US20180055038A1 (en) | Raptor Nest Deterrent | |
US2777171A (en) | Bird and rodent barrier | |
CN111727293A (en) | Security fence assembly | |
US11131106B2 (en) | Containment shroud system | |
KR20190052489A (en) | Safety foothold and fall prevention device | |
JPH063091U (en) | Wire rod tension device | |
US6443433B1 (en) | Post and rail fence system using T-bars | |
US11993942B2 (en) | Safety cable system | |
US20050189531A1 (en) | T-post extender and high fence support | |
JP2539990Y2 (en) | Bird damage prevention wire mounting bracket | |
JP6473326B2 (en) | Animal intrusion prevention fence | |
AU2017100269A4 (en) | An auxiliary ground fencing strand support member for fastening to a fence post | |
DE102012010076A1 (en) | Stop system for holding and securing at least one person | |
CN205740192U (en) | A kind of guardrail for hydraulic lifter | |
US5984279A (en) | Apparatus for attaching a partition to an elongate support | |
US3544071A (en) | Hook bolt for fabric fence | |
DE3022037A1 (en) | Roof safety anchor without cold bridge - has heat insulating tubular shaft filling and sheath, with anchor plate underlay | |
JP3221397U (en) | A device for stretching a bird's-eye view | |
DE20302249U1 (en) | Protective external wire screen for structures at high risk from flying objects | |
JP6532727B2 (en) | Installation method of animal invasion deterrence fence | |
DE19951973B4 (en) | Arrangement for the protection of objects of sculpture from the weather | |
AU2017100135A4 (en) | A roof safety anchor |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
S531 | Written request for registration of change of domicile |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R323531 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |