JPH06304841A - Machine work method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an excellent machine work method capable of simultaneously satisfying cooling of a workpiece and a machining tool, removing machining chips and giving lubrication to a machining surface. CONSTITUTION:An ejection nozzle 11 for ejecting liquid in an atomized state toward a machined surface of a workpiece in the case of machining it is provided, and a flow increasing nozzle 12, where the atomized liquid delivered from the ejection nozzle is sucked from one end side, with peripheral air sucked to be accompanied, and delivered from the other end side in a condition of increasing a flow amount, is provided so as to machine the workpiece while supplying the atomized liquid to the machined surface at high thrust force from the other end side of the flow increasing nozzle 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machining method for subjecting a workpiece to cutting, polishing or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when cutting or polishing a workpiece, a water injection nozzle is extended toward the vicinity of the processing point to cool the heat generated by the collision between the workpiece and the processing tool. Liquid is sprayed from the nozzle. For example, in a machining center (compound machine tool),
As shown in FIG. 5, the tool holder 2 is attached to the lower end of the spindle (not visible in the drawing) in the main body 1, and the machining tool 4 is attached to the tool connecting shaft 3 at the tip thereof. A water injection nozzle 5 extends from the main body 1 side toward the processing tool 4. However, when machining is performed with a large vertical machine tool such as this machining center, water and chips are likely to collect in the machining recesses, which may rather deteriorate the machining performance. In addition, when cutting a tool made of cemented carbide by intermittently colliding with a workpiece, the cutting edge becomes hot due to heat generation at the processing point and is cooled by liquid spraying at locations other than the processing point. There is a problem that chipping (so-called “chipping” phenomenon) or cracking occurs due to repeated rapid thermal changes.

Therefore, in such a case, although the liquid is not used and the machining waste is blown off only by the air flow, the cooling effect and the lubrication effect on the workpiece and the machining tool are insufficient only by the air flow. Therefore, there are the following working problems in cutting, for example. That is,
In the cutting of carbon steel such as S45C, the work surface becomes hard as if it was hardened by cutting heat and surface finishing work such as polishing becomes difficult. Since chips with cutting heat cover the work surface, The workpiece itself is heated and expands, and when cutting in that state, the processing dimensions are distorted, the surface of the workpiece is melted by the cutting heat, and the molten metal adheres to the cutting edge of the cutting tool There are problems such as deterioration of the finished surface roughness and dimensional accuracy.

On the other hand, the liquid is not sprayed as it is, but it is also sprayed in the form of mist to provide lubricity to the workpiece and the machining tool. According to this method, there is no inconvenience that water accumulates in the recess unlike liquid spraying, and there is an advantage that a certain cooling effect can be achieved, but on the other hand, the cutting dust is removed in the sprayed mist. However, there is a problem that the applicable range is limited.

[0005]

As described above, in the conventional machining method, it is possible to simultaneously satisfy the three problems of cooling the workpiece and the machining tool, removing machining chips, and imparting lubricity to the machining surface. It is not possible to do so, depending on the processing conditions, either liquid spray, air flow or atomized injection is selected, and processing is performed while minimizing the disadvantages during processing.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can simultaneously satisfy the three problems of cooling a workpiece and a machining tool, removing machining scraps, and imparting lubricity to a machining surface. Its purpose is to provide an excellent machining method.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the machining method of the present invention is, when machining a workpiece, a jet in which a liquid is jetted toward a surface to be machined of the workpiece. A nozzle is provided, and in a state in which the atomized body injected from the injection nozzle is sucked from one end side between the injection nozzle and the work surface to be inhaled, and ambient air is inhaled together to increase the flow rate. Providing a flow rate amplification nozzle that discharges from the other end side,
The atomizing body is machined while being supplied to the surface to be machined with a high thrust from the other end of the flow rate amplification nozzle.

[0008]

That is, the present inventor has conducted a series of researches on a machining method which simultaneously satisfies the three problems of cooling a workpiece and a machining tool, removing machining chips, and imparting lubricity to a machining surface. As a result, the special flow rate amplification nozzle is provided on the downstream side of the nozzle that sprays the liquid in the form of mist, and the mist is sucked from one end side of the flow rate amplification nozzle and the ambient air is also sucked together, It was found that the atomized body can be supplied to the surface to be processed with a high thrust when the discharge is performed from the end side in a state where the flow rate is amplified. As a result, it has been found that an excellent cooling effect and a processing waste removing effect can be obtained, and a wetting effect on the surface to be processed is sufficient, and the present invention has been reached.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus when the present invention is applied to machining by a machining center. The basic structure of this machining center is the same as that of the conventional one, and a spindle 6 provided with high-speed rotation is provided in the main body 1.
Is held via a bearing, and the fitting taper portion 2a of the tool holder 2 is detachably inserted and held in a tapered chuck portion 7 provided at a lower end portion thereof. A machining tool 4 is attached to the tool connecting shaft 3 below the tool holder 2.

A bifurcated air supply pipe 10 extends from the lower end surface of the machining center body 1, and one air supply pipe 10a is connected to a mist injection nozzle 11 which will be described later, and the other. A flow rate amplification nozzle 12, which will be described later, is connected to the air supply pipe 10b. Then, the atomized body injection nozzle 11 is arranged on the upstream side, and the flow rate amplification nozzle 12 is arranged on the downstream side, and both are coaxially arranged toward the machining surface of the machining tool 4. A liquid supply pipe 13 for introducing a liquid to be atomized is connected to the atomized body injection nozzle 11.

As the atomizing body injection nozzle 11, for example, one having a structure as shown in FIG. 2 is used. When compressed air is supplied to the atomized body injection nozzle 11 as indicated by an arrow P, the piston 16 held inside by the compression spring 15 is pushed to the left side in the drawing, and the liquid supply pipe 13 is shown.
The liquid passage 17 that communicates with is opened, and the liquid is discharged in the form of fine particles from the very narrow discharge ports of the left and right tip nozzles 18 and 19 as fine particles.

On the other hand, as the flow rate amplification nozzle 12 arranged on the downstream side of the atomized body injection nozzle 11, for example, FIG.
A structure as shown in is used. This flow rate amplification nozzle 12 is provided with a large tapered opening 20 at the end on the air supply pipe 10b side, and when compressed air is supplied as indicated by arrow Q, the air is a very narrow annular gap inside. 21 is discharged and flows along the inner wall of the nozzle, and the air above the opening 20 is entrained in the opening 20 along with this flow (indicated by the broken line R), and the air flow rate is greatly amplified. The liquid is discharged from the other end opening 22. Moreover, the discharge flow further attracts the air around the opening 22 (shown by the broken line T), so that it is further amplified.

Therefore, when the workpiece is machined by this machining center, the air supply pipes 10a, 1 are used.
When air is supplied to 0b and a predetermined liquid (water, oil, emulsion, etc.) is supplied to the liquid supply pipe 13,
Liquid is sprayed in a mist form from the mist spray nozzle 11.
This atomized body is sucked from the one end opening 20 of the flow rate amplification nozzle 12, and at this time, the surrounding air is also attracted into the nozzle 12, so that the atomized body is amplified to a large flow rate and the other end opening is performed. It is discharged from 22. The flow of the ejected mist has a strong thrust and strongly hits the surface of the workpiece to be machined and the machining surface of the machining tool 4 which is pressed against the surface of the workpiece. Unlike the case, it has the power to sufficiently blow off chips and the like generated during processing. Therefore, chips and the like do not accumulate around the processed portion, and the cooling effect is high in combination with the fact that the amplified large flow rate of air hits. Moreover, the discharged mist appropriately moistens the workpiece and the machining tool 4 to enhance the lubricity, so that the machining performance is improved. Therefore, the load on the working tool 4 is lightened, and it is not subjected to rapid cooling unlike liquid application, so that there is no intermittent thermal shock and the tool life is greatly extended. Since the type of liquid ejected by the atomized body can be changed according to the processing conditions, for example, in the case of high speed cutting, the cooling effect can be improved by using water as the liquid, and in the case of medium and low speed cutting Can be used differently, for example, by using oil as the liquid, the lubricating effect is enhanced.

In the above embodiment, the average particle size of the atomized particles ejected from the atomized particle injection nozzle 11 is usually set to about 5 to 200 μm, although it depends on the processing conditions. is there. And the injection amount of the atomized body is
Usually, it is preferable to set the rate to about 1 to 100 cc / min.

In the above embodiment, the flow amplification amount by the flow amplification nozzle 12 is appropriately set according to the injection amount of the atomized body ejected from the atomized body 11 and the processing conditions. It is preferable to set the amount of air supplied from the air supply pipe 10b to about 10 to 50 times. And, in particular, it is necessary to set the thrust of the atomized body discharged from the discharge opening 22 to be 10 g / cm ² or more at a position 200 mm away from the end face of the discharge opening 22, the cooling effect and the removal of machining waste. From the viewpoint of

In the above embodiment, the atomizing body jet nozzle 11 used is one in which only one type of liquid is introduced to atomize, but two types of liquids are individually introduced and left and right. You may make it use the nozzle which can respectively spray from the nozzles 18 and 19 (refer FIG. 2) in a mist state.
Alternatively, two or more kinds of liquids may be introduced into the liquid supply pipe 13 in a mixed state. By using these nozzles, for example, an atomized body in which water particles and oil particles (or three or more kinds of particles) are mixed can be created, and this atomized body is passed through the flow rate amplification nozzle 12 with a high thrust in the vicinity of the processing point. Can be supplied to. And, if you want to enhance the cooling effect, adjust the supply amount of water and oil so that the mixing ratio of water in the atomized body increases, and if you want to enhance the lubricating effect,
By adjusting the blending ratio of oil to increase, it is possible to easily create the optimum environment for the processing.

Further, in the above embodiment, the flow rate amplification nozzle 1
As the nozzle 2, a type in which a mist is sucked into the hollow portion of the nozzle is used, but any nozzle may be used as long as it can increase the flow rate. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the compressed air supplied into the nozzle flows along the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle from the very narrow annular gap 31 (arrow S), and the atomized body above the nozzle is transferred to the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle. It is also possible to use a device which is capable of ejecting with a large air volume amplified from the lower end of the nozzle by causing it to flow down along with it. Therefore, in the present invention, "inhaling the atomized body from one end side and inhaling the ambient air together" is intended to include the above-described aspect.

Further, the present invention is not limited to the machining by the machining center as in the above-mentioned embodiment, but can be achieved by an NC lathe,
It can be applied to machining using various machine tools such as a grinder.

[0020]

As described above, according to the machining method of the present invention, the atomized body ejected from the atomized body ejecting nozzle is sucked from one end side of the flow rate amplification nozzle, amplified to a large flow rate, and the other end. By ejecting from the side, the atomized body is supplied to the surface of the workpiece to be machined with a high thrust to perform the machining. Therefore, since the atomized body strongly hits the surface to be processed of the workpiece and the processing tool pressed against this, unlike the conventional case where the atomized body is simply applied, the chips and the like generated during machining are sufficiently Has the power to blow away.
For this reason, chips and the like will not accumulate around the processing part,
Combined with the fact that the amplified large amount of air hits,
High cooling effect. Moreover, the discharged mist appropriately moistens the work piece and the processing tool to enhance lubricity,
Good processing performance. Therefore, the load on the working tool is lightened, and since it is not subjected to rapid cooling like liquid application, there is no intermittent thermal shock and the tool life is greatly extended. Since the type of liquid ejected by the atomized body can be changed according to the processing conditions, for example, in the case of high speed cutting, the cooling effect can be improved by using water as the liquid, and in the case of medium and low speed cutting Can be used differently, for example, by using oil as the liquid, the lubricating effect is enhanced. Furthermore, if two or more types of liquids such as water and oil are jetted at the same time to create a mixed mist, which is supplied to the vicinity of the machining point with a high thrust by the flow amplification nozzle, a more effective machining environment can be created. You can Then, in this case, by adjusting the supply amount of each liquid supplied to the atomized body injection nozzle, it is possible to easily create an optimum processing environment according to the target processing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an atomizing body injection nozzle used in the above embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a flow rate amplification nozzle used in the above embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of another example of the flow rate amplification nozzle.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional water injection method in machining.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Mist spray nozzle 12 Flow rate amplification nozzle

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. When a workpiece is machined, an injection nozzle for ejecting a liquid in a mist state toward a surface to be processed of the workpiece is provided.
Between the jet nozzle and the workpiece surface, the atomized body jetted from the jet nozzle is sucked from one end side, and ambient air is also sucked together to amplify the flow rate from the other end side. A machining method, characterized in that a flow amplification nozzle for discharging is provided, and the atomized body is processed from the other end side of the flow amplification nozzle while being supplied to the surface to be processed with high thrust. 2. The thrust of the atomized body discharged from the other end side of the flow rate amplification nozzle is 2 from the discharge end surface of the flow rate amplification nozzle.
The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the machining rate is set to 10 g / cm ² or more at a position separated by 00 mm.