JPH06296403A - Furrow-opening, direct-sowing and soil-covering method, and furrow-opening, direct-sowing and soil-covering machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To surely perform the furrow-opening, sowing and soil-covering works on a well-drained paddy field and even a surface-drained general paddy field and ill-drained paddy field in a state almost similar to a well-drained paddy field, getting decreased resistance in furrow-opening work, enabling safe and smooth soil-covering work and facilitating the control of the operation. CONSTITUTION:A furrow is opened by shaving soil with a soil-guiding plate 3 declining forward and having a prescribed width. At the same time, seeds are guided into a furrow space 23 formed below the back part of the soil-guiding plate and sowed on the bottom E2 of the furrow and the shaven soil is transferred backward on the soil-guiding plate and dropped from the rear end of the plate to cover the seeds with the soil.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for directly grooving, direct seeding and covering soil on a ground such as a field with mechanical force, and a direct grooving soil covering machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A reverse-grooving soil-covering type no-tillage direct seeding machine recently provided for paddy rice in this type of direct-grooving soil-covering earthing machine (published on May 15, 1992, "Nippon Agricultural Newspaper") See minutes). This reverse grooving soil-covering type no-tillage direct sowing machine rotates a ratchet wheel that has a plurality of grooving soil-covering nails arranged radially in the direction opposite to that of the traveling wheels by the power from the tailor, so that the soil is covered by the groove-covering soil nails. Roll up while scraping forward, guide the rolled up soil to the upper rear of the ratchet with a rubber cover cover (fender) provided around the upper side of the ratchet, and forcefully drop it toward the diagonal rear of the ratchet. It has a structure of covering soil while sowing at a position near the rear of the ratchet wheel.

[0003]

However, this has the following problems. Since it is a method of reversing the ratchet wheel, scraping the soil with its grooved covering claws, winding it up once and dropping it, even if it is possible in a good dry rice field, if it gets wet with rain etc. The dry rice fields and 雖 are also difficult. In particular, it is inconvenient because it is difficult to use in a general paddy field just after the fall of water or in a so-called wetland area where drainage is poor. Since the soil is scraped forward and wound up against the progressing force with the grooved soil claws, the wound soil is thrown backward by the rotating force of the ratchet wheel.
The soil scraping operation and soil covering operation are rough, and the trenching work and the subsequent soil covering cannot be performed sufficiently. It is difficult to control the rotation speed of the ratchet wheel, because the conditions of soil scraping, rolling up, and dropping cover soil change greatly depending on the rotating speed of the ratchet wheel, and are greatly affected by the soil quality. Grooving the claw wheel The soil claw scrapes the soil forward so as to oppose the progressing force and advances it while rolling it, so there is a large resistance to the progress, not only a large amount of power is required, but also to reverse the claw wheel. It and its bearings must have sufficient bearing capacity.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate such problems, that is, to perform the work of ditches, sowing, and covering with soil not only in the dry fields but also in the ordinary paddy fields and the wet fields, which are almost the same as the dry fields. (EN) It is possible to provide a grooving direct seeding and covering method and a grooving direct seeding and covering earther that can perform soil covering calmly and smoothly with less resistance when making a grooving, and that can also easily control operation.

[0005]

According to the method for directly cultivating soil in a trench according to the present invention, a soil guide plate having a predetermined width (for example, a wide width of about 1 m is also possible) that is gently inclined forward and downward is advanced to remove the soil. At the same time as the soil guide plate is ground and grooved, the seeds are guided to the groove space formed below the rear part of the soil guide plate and sown at the bottom of the groove, while the scraped soil is guided by the soil guide plate. Send it to the rear above and drop it as much as possible to drop naturally from the rear end to cover the soil.

Before shaving the soil on the soil guide plate,
Soil may be crushed by a crusher in the vicinity of the front of the soil guide plate. Further, the soils scraped up on the soil guide plate can be sequentially conveyed backward by the conveying means that circulates on the soil guide plate.

Further, in the soil-grooving direct soil covering and covering machine according to the present invention, the left and right side plates are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the soil guide plate having a predetermined width inclined forward and downward, and the soil guide plate is provided between these left and right side plates. A soil transport mechanism for transporting soil scraped up from the front end of the soil guide plate to the rear and dropping it from the rear end is also provided, and seeds are placed in the grooving space formed below the rear part of the soil guide plate. It is equipped with a seeding tube that guides and seeds on the groove bottom.

[0008] This soil-grooving direct-covering soiling machine can be provided with a crushing wheel for crushing soils near the front of the soil guiding plate.

The soil transfer mechanism is preferably one in which a large number of scraping plates are provided on a circulating member wound around front and rear rotating members.

[0010]

Operation: When the direct-grooving soil-covering earthmoving machine according to the present invention is advanced,
At the same time as the soil crusher rotates and the soil is crushed, it is ground up by the front end of the soil guide plate, and the left and right side plates hold the soil to form a groove having a flat groove bottom with a predetermined width.
Then, the soils are transported by the soil transport mechanism on the soil guiding plate inclined downward to the front, and naturally fall from the rear end of the soil guiding plate where there is little drop. A grooving space is formed between the rear end and the bottom of the groove, and when seeds are sent to the bottom of the groove by sending seeds to this grooving space through a sowing pipe, the seeds sown from the rear end of the soil guide plate. Immediately and gently covered with falling soil.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a direct-grooving soil-covering earthmoving machine according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a side surface taken along the line AA of FIG. In this work groove direct seeding cover earther machine, the rear extension parts 1a and 2a of the left and right side plates 1 and 2 of the same shape which are part of the frame are connected to a self-propelled machine (not shown) such as a tiller or a tractor. Support and use. A predetermined width (for example, can be widened to about 1 m) between the front portions 1b and 2b of the side plates 1 and 2
The soil guide plate 3 is fixed by gently inclining forward and downward, and a scraper conveyor (soil transfer mechanism) 4 is mounted on the upper side of the soil guide plate 3.
The front end 3a of the soil guide plate 3 reaches the horizontal lower edge 2c (the lower edge of the left side plate 1 is not shown) near the front ends of the left and right side plates 1 and 2, and the rear end 3b has an inverted U shape. Curved downwards. The front end 3a of the soil guide plate 3 is like a single-edged blade whose lower surface is thin to facilitate entry into the field.

The scraper conveyor 4 includes the left and right side plates 1.
A belt-shaped circulating member 7 is wound around front and rear pulleys (rotating members) 5 and 6 which are respectively supported by rotating shafts 5a and 6a between the front portions 1b and 2b of the two, and a large number of scraping members are wound on the circulating member 7. A feed plate (scraper) 8 is provided so as to project at a constant interval, and the scraping feed plate 8 has a front end 3a to a rear end 3b of the soil guide plate 3.
It circulates between the curved tops 3c.

Further, outside the left and right side plates 1 and 2, similarly, the earth crushing wheel 11 is provided between the front end portions of the left and right arm rods 9 and 10 which are connected to and supported by a self-propelled machine such as a tiller or a tractor. It is pivotally supported by 11a, and the soil crushing wheel 11 is located slightly ahead of the front end 3a of the soil guide plate 3 and the front end of the scraper conveyor 4. The earth crushing wheel 11 has a large number of crushing claws 13 radially provided on the outer periphery of a body 12. The tip of each scraping claw 13 is sharpened in order to facilitate piercing below the surface of the field and scraping of soil, grass roots, and the like. In the illustrated example, four sets of axially-arranged scraping claws 13 are provided so as to project in the circumferential direction, but this is merely an example, and the number thereof and the mode of projecting can be appropriately selected.

A rotating shaft 11a of the crushing wheel 11 penetrates the right arm rod 10 and has a sprocket wheel 14 fixed to one end of the arm rod 10 and a sprocket wheel for a self-propelled machine such as a tiller or a tractor (not shown). ) And the chain 15 is wound around the crusher 11 and the crusher 11 is rotated counterclockwise in FIG. 2 by the power from the drive unit of the self-propelled machine such as a tiller or a tractor (the same as the traveling wheels of the self-propelled machine). Direction) is rotated (normal rotation). In addition, a chain 18 is wound around the sprocket wheel 16 fixed to the middle of the rotary shaft 11a and the sprocket wheel 17 fixed to the rotary shaft 5a of the front pulley 5, so that a chain 18 can be mounted on a tiller or a tractor. The scraper conveyor 4 is also circulated counterclockwise at the same time as the crusher 11 by the power from the running machine.

On the other hand, at the rear end between the left and right side plates 1 and 2,
A compression roller 19 having a cushioning property with rubber or the like is rotatably supported by a fixed or rotating shaft 20. The crushing roller 19 is located rearward from the rear end 3b of the soil guide plate 3, and the height of its lower peripheral surface is such that the soil cover is suppressed more than the lower edges 2c of the left and right side plates 1 and 2. It's raised by a minute.

Further, the seeding tube 21 is extended forward, for example, between the right side plate 2 and the right arm rod 10 and further penetrated, for example, to the right side plate 2, and the discharge port 21 at the tip of the seeding tube 21 is provided.
a is made to face a little below the curved top 3c of the soil guide plate 3,
The curved top portion 3c is suitable for protecting the discharge port 21a.

Reference numeral 22 is a connecting member for connecting the left and right side plates 1 and 2 and the rear extension parts 1a and 2a to each other so as to maintain a constant distance. Such connecting members are used for the left and right side plates 1 and 2.
Can also be placed on other parts of the.

Next, a description will be given of work for grooving, direct sowing, and soil covering by the grooving direct sowing / covering machine constructed as described above.

When transporting from a farm road to a field,
The whole of this work direct ditch soil-covering earther machine is raised by operating the connecting and supporting portion of the self-propelled machine such as a tiller or a tractor, and when it is moved to the target position in the field, it is lowered to the surface E1 (Fig. 2) of the field. Then, since the left and right side plates 1 and 2 are vertical parallel plates, they are likely to sink below the surface E1 and the front end 3a of the soil guide plate 3 is a single-edged blade. If you do so, you can easily get it into the soil. In addition, the left and right side plates 1 and 2 and the soil guide plate 3
In order to limit the depth of penetration of the soil into the soil, for example, floats or skis (not shown) can be attached to the outside of the left and right side plates 1 and 2.

Therefore, while the whole of the direct-grooved soil-covering earthmoving machine is moved forward by a self-propelled machine such as a tiller or a tractor, the earth-crushing wheel 11 is normally rotated by the power from the self-propelled machine and at the same time the scraper conveyor 4 is circulated. If you do, the crusher 11
The soil in the field (not only soil but also grass etc.) is sent to the soil guide plate 3 while being scratched by a large number of the scraping claws 13 and is scraped up onto the soil guide plate 3. Simultaneously with this, the soil guide plate 3 scrapes up the soil by the front edge 3a like its one edge and the slope of the front downward, and the scraper conveyer 4 removes the soil by the large number of scraping feed plates 8 from the soil guide plate 3. It scrapes in order along the slope, and the left and right side plates 1 and 2 perform earth retaining action.

Due to such simultaneous operation, the groove bottom E2 is determined in a flat shape by the depth of burial in the soil of the front end 3a of the soil guide plate 3 and the lower edges 2c of the left and right side plates 1 and 2 and having a wide predetermined width. The groove is efficiently and smoothly formed, and the groove space 23 is formed between the groove bottom E2 and the soil guide plate 3. And
When this direct-grooving direct soil cover earthing machine is advanced while dropping the seeds 24 through the sowing pipe 21 into the working groove space 23, the seeds 24 are protected from above by the soil guide plate 3 and are on the groove bottom E2. Are sown in sequence. It should be noted that the seeds include not only conventional dry paddy and paddy that have been swollen in the shape of a pigeon chest, but also extremely young milk seedlings in which pod leaf seed roots are all grown to a short length of several mm or less. In addition, fertilization and
In some cases, medication may be required.

On the other hand, as described above, the scraper conveyor 4
The soil scraped up by the soil guide plate 3 naturally falls over the curved top portion 3c of the soil guide plate 3 to the groove bottom E2 from the rear end 3b with a minimum difference in the head, and the groove bottom E2.
The soil 25 gently covers the upper seeds 24. Then, the covering soil 25 is soon compressed and leveled by the compression roller 20.

Modifications and applications of the present invention will be described below. (1) The left side plate 1 and the left arm rod 9, and the right side plate 2 and the right arm rod 10 can be integrated respectively. (2) The curved top 3c of the soil guide plate 3 can be omitted, and the discharge port 21a of the seeding pipe 21 can be exposed below the rear end 3b of the soil guide plate 3. (3) Simultaneous seeding can be performed in a plurality of rows by providing a plurality of seeding tubes 21 or providing a plurality of discharge holes in one seeding tube 21 downward. (4) When the scraper conveyor 4 is circulated, power can be taken from a self-propelled machine such as a tiller or a tractor separately from the earth crushing vehicle 11. (5) By arranging a plurality of crushing wheels 11 in parallel in front and rear, it is possible to roughly crush the soil with the front crushing wheel and then finely crush with the rear crushing wheel. (6) When the soil guiding plate 3 and the left and right side plates 1 and 2 can sufficiently form a groove, the scraper conveyor 4 and the crushing wheel 11 can be omitted. (7) Instead of the claw 13 of the crushing wheel 11, the rotating shaft 11
Along with the rotation of a, many rods can be repeatedly moved up and down to crush the soil. (8) When sowing the above-mentioned seedlings, an anti-drying agent or a moisturizer for dry rice fields, or an oxygen generator for wet rice fields should be dressed or sprinkled at the same time. Can be ensured.

[0024]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method for directly sowing soil for grooving according to the present invention, the soil is scraped up by the soil guiding plate having a predetermined width inclined downward to the front to form the grooving, and at the same time, it is formed below the rear portion of the soil guiding plate. The seeds are guided to the grooving space and sown on a flat groove bottom with a wide predetermined width, and the scraped soil is sent backward on the soil guide plate and naturally drops from the rear end to gently. Since it covers the soil, it has the following effects.

[0025] Grooving, sowing, and soil covering work can be performed not only on dry fields, but also on dropped general rice fields and wet fields in the same manner as on dry fields. Even very young saplings, in which the sheath-root seed roots are all grown within a few millimeters, are wide and flat, unlike the conventional V-shaped or U-shaped seeded in narrow grooves. Since it is sown on the bottom of the groove, it becomes like lying uniformly, and because it is covered gently with soil, it is not disturbed or damaged,
The survival and growth are extremely good, and the labor-saving and revenue-increasing effects can be greatly enhanced. It is possible to perform work such as grooving, direct seeding, and covering soil with less resistance. Since the mechanism is simple, operation control is easy.

In addition to the above, the direct-grooving soil-covering machine according to the present invention has the following effects. The soil scraped on the soil guide plate is naturally transported backward by the soil transport mechanism and dropped naturally, so that the ditch and soil can be efficiently and accurately covered. If the soil is crushed with a soil crusher and then ground up with a soil guide plate, the ditch and covering soil can be more efficiently and neatly performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an example of a direct-grooving soil-covering earthmoving machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a section taken along the line AA in the above.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1.2 Left and right side plates 3 Soil guide plate 4 Scraper conveyor (soil transfer mechanism) 5.6 Front and rear pulleys 7 Circulating body 8 Scraping plate 11 Scraping wheel 13 Scraping claw 23 Grooving space E2 Groove bottom

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A soil guide plate having a predetermined width inclined forward and downward is advanced to scrape soil on the ground onto the soil guide plate to form a groove, and at the same time, is formed below the rear part of the soil guide plate. Direct seeding and covering method of soil in which the seeds are guided to the grooving space and sowed on the bottom of the sulcus, and the scraped soil is sent backward on the soil guide plate and dropped from the rear end to cover the soil. . 2. The soil-grooving direct soil covering method according to claim 1, wherein the soil is crushed by a crusher in the vicinity of the front of the soil guide plate. 3. Soil scraped up on the soil guide plate,
The method for directly sowing the soil directly over the soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil guiding plate is sequentially transported backward by a transporting means that circulates. 4. The left and right side plates are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of a soil guide plate having a predetermined width inclined downward to the front, and the soil scraped from the front end of the soil guide plate is placed between these left and right side plates. A soil transport mechanism for transporting backward on the soil guide plate and dropping it from the rear end is provided, and seeds are guided to a grooving space formed below the rear part of the soil guide plate and seeded on a groove bottom of a predetermined width. A direct-grooving soil-covering machine equipped with a sowing pipe for 5. The soil-grooving direct seeding and covering machine according to claim 4, wherein a soil crusher for crushing soils is provided near the front of the soil guide plate. 6. The soil-grooving direct seeding and covering machine according to claim 4, wherein the soil carrying mechanism is provided with a large number of scraping feed plates provided on a circulating body wound around front and rear rotating bodies.