JPH06280262A - Hammer device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To promote impact efficiency of a hammer by providing a ventilating hole leading to the atmosphere close to an internal collar to a releasing room of an air hammer device separating a pressure room and a hammer room from the inside of a cylinder through the internal collar, making exhaust in a returning stage of work of the hammer, and returning the hammer surely up to a top dead center. CONSTITUTION:An internal collar 2 is placed inside of a cylinder 1 of an air hammer, and a pressure room 3 housing a main piston 4 and a hammer room 6 housing a hammer 9 are separated from the inside of the cylinder 1. A ventilating hole 20 leading to the atmosphere is provided close to the internal collar 2 to releasing room 16 on the rear of the hammer 9. The main piston 4 is operated, when compressed air is supplied to the releasing room 16 to make a reciprocating motion of the hammer 9, exhaust is made in a returning stage of work of the hammer 9, and the hammer is surely returned up to a position of a top dead center. According to the constitution, impact efficiency of the hammer can be promoted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hammer device for generating a striking force when a pipe for forging or civil engineering is hit and buried in the ground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An apparatus of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-166070.
It is disclosed by the Japanese Patent Publication. As shown in the outline of the configuration in FIG. 7, an inner collar 2 is provided on the cylindrical body 1 so that the cylindrical body is separated by the inner collar 2 and the main piston 4 is inserted into one pressurizing chamber 3.
Is provided so as to be movable by the drive device 5, and a subordinate piston 8 of the suspension shaft 7 provided so as to protrude from the main piston 4 into another hammer chamber 6 in the cylindrical body 1 is provided.
The hammer 9 is slidably penetrated to the upper part, and the convex portion 10 of the hammer 9 is projected into the inner collar 2 via the convex portion seal 11. Further, the hammer 9 has a vent hole 12 and an insertion hole 13. The vent hole 12 includes the pressurizing chamber 3 between the main piston 4 and the inner flange 2, the slave piston 8 and the hammer 9.
Between the back pressure chamber 14 and the back pressure chamber 14, and the insertion hole 13 has a concave groove 15 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the suspension shaft 7 and an inner collar 2
It is provided so as to communicate with the firing chamber 16 between the hammer 9 and the hammer 9. Further, a check valve 17 that flows from the firing chamber to the pressure chamber is interposed between the pressure chamber 3 and the firing chamber 16.

When the main piston 4 is pushed toward the bottom dead center by the drive device 5, the air in the pressurizing chamber 3 starts to be compressed, and the compressed air flows into the back pressure chamber 14 through the ventilation hole 12 of the hammer 9. Therefore, the secondary piston 8 advances toward the bottom dead center, but the compressed air in the back pressure chamber 14 causes the hammer 9 to move.
Is still at top dead center. However, when the suspension shaft 7 further advances and the concave groove 15 provided in the suspension shaft 7 reaches the insertion hole 13, the compressed air in the pressurizing chamber 3 flows into the firing chamber 16, so that the hammer 9 moves to the bottom dead center at once. It rushes toward you. After that, the main piston 4 is returned to the top dead center by the backward movement of the drive device 5, and the hammer 9 is lifted up by the secondary piston 8 accordingly, but the convex seal 11 of the hammer 9 causes the inner periphery of the inner collar 2 to move. Since the pressurizing chamber 3 and the firing chamber 16 are separated from the time of insertion into the surface, and the volume of the firing chamber 16 is reduced and the air is compressed according to the backward movement of the hammer, air is compressed through the check valve 17. It returns to the pressurizing chamber 3.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, as described above, when returning, the air in the firing chamber returns to the pressurizing chamber through the check valve, but the check valve has a cracking pressure. Therefore, the pressure in the firing chamber when the hammer completely reaches the top dead center is the pressure in the pressurization chamber plus the cracking pressure of the check valve, that is, the pressure in the firing chamber is It was higher than the pressure. Therefore, in order to reliably return the hammer to top dead center, it is necessary to increase the return force of the drive device, and thus when reliably returning to top dead center and firing next time,
The main piston is advanced, but because the pressure in the firing chamber is high, the hammer is also advanced and held in that position until it balances with the acting force due to the pressure in the back pressure chamber. As a result, the distance is reduced and the speed efficiency is lowered.

Therefore, as one means for improving the holding power of the hammer, the surface area of the convex portion of the hammer (shown by its diameter D1 in FIG. 7) and the surface area of the slave piston (shown by its diameter D2 in FIG. 7). By increasing the difference between the force of the hammer and the force of the firing shaft, it is possible to immediately hold a higher acting force than the acting force of the firing chamber in the back pressure chamber when the suspension shaft advances, so that theoretically, the holding force of the hammer can be improved. However, in reality, if the diameter D1 is left as it is and the diameter D1 is reduced to obtain a large difference, the diameter D1 cannot be reduced because the hammer has the vent holes.
On the contrary, it is structurally possible to increase the diameter D2 while keeping the diameter D1 as it is, but the energy efficiency of acceleration is reduced and the hammer striking area is reduced.

The present invention is to solve the above problems. The pressure in the firing chamber, which occurs when the hammer reaches the top dead center, is lower than the pressure in the pressurizing chamber, so that the holding force of the hammer is improved. It is provided for the purpose of improving the speed efficiency, shortening the return time and shortening the cycle time.

[0007]

The outline of the present invention is as follows.
Means for improving the holding power of the hammer by releasing the air in the firing chamber, which is generated when the hammer moves back, to the atmosphere-1, -2,
-3, or a means for improving the holding power of the hammer by reducing the surface area of the convex portion of the hammer.

The means -1 is characterized in that, in the conventional hammer device, instead of the check valve, the firing chamber is provided with a through hole communicating with the atmosphere close to the inner flange.

In the same manner as in the conventional hammer device, the means (-2) replaces the check valve in the conventional hammer device by pressing the detection rod for controlling the stroke of the drive device against the main piston by the fluid pressure of the detection cylinder and detecting rod. Is exposed to the atmosphere, a through hole is provided close to the inner collar of the firing chamber, the through hole and the detection cylinder are connected via a check valve, and the detection rod is provided with its top dead center. It is characterized in that an inner hole communicating between the discharge holes opened at an intermediate portion exposed from the detection cylinder to the atmosphere is provided.

In the same manner as the conventional hammer device, the means of -3 replaces the check valve with a hammer tip seal for contacting the inner peripheral surface of the hammer chamber with the hammer at the bottom dead center side tip portion of the outer peripheral surface. An annular groove is provided closer to the top dead center side to connect the annular groove with a through hole provided closer to the inner collar of the firing chamber, and a concave drainage groove that communicates with a hollow chamber partitioned by a hammer in the hammer chamber in the annular groove. Is provided.

Similarly, in the conventional hammer device, the means of (1) is characterized in that a communication hole communicating with the pressure chamber and the back pressure chamber is provided in the suspension shaft instead of the ventilation hole.

Further, this type of hammer device is also used as a civil engineering machine, and a pressure receiving plate is provided at the tip of the cylinder through a seal so that earth and sand do not enter the hammer side of the cylinder, but in that case, The hammer chamber is closed, and when the hammer is fired, the air in the hollow chamber is compressed, so that the hammer firing force is attenuated. Therefore, the means-1, -2,
In addition to -3, the empty chamber communicating with the atmosphere on the top dead center side of the main piston in the cylinder body and the cavity chamber on the bottom dead center side of the hammer are connected through a hole provided in the suspension shaft. Is preferred.

[0013]

According to the above-mentioned means-1, -2, -3, as the volume of the firing chamber is reduced, the internal pressure of the firing chamber is released to the atmosphere and becomes almost the same as or lower than the pressure of the pressurizing chamber. Is greatly improved.

Further, according to the means, it is not necessary to open the vent hole in the hammer, and the surface area of the convex portion of the hammer can be reduced to the necessary minimum. As a result, the difference between the surface area of the convex portion and the surface area of the slave piston can be reduced. The holding force of the hammer can be greatly improved by this means as well.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is specifically shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, but since most of the structure is similar to that of a conventional hammer device, the same parts as those of the conventional device of FIG. Description of the structure will be omitted, and the means of the present invention will be described. However, although the device shown in FIG. 7 is also the same, it is for civil engineering in which the pressure receiving plate 18 is attached to the tip of the tubular body 1 via a sealing seal 19 and a pipe or the like is embedded in the soil.

In the means shown in FIG. 1, the through hole 20 communicating with the firing chamber 16 is opened in the cylindrical body 1 by bringing it close to the inner flange 2, while the hollow chamber 21 between the hammer 9 and the pressure receiving plate 18 becomes a closed chamber. Therefore, the vent hole 23 that opens from the secondary piston 8 through the suspension shaft 7 to the empty chamber 22 on the top dead center side of the main piston 4 in the tubular body 1
The vacant chamber 22 is open to the atmosphere. However, when the cavity chamber 21 is used in an open state, the above-mentioned hole 23 is unnecessary. Further, the check valve 17 built in the cylinder 1 is also unnecessary.

The above-described structure can also achieve the object operation of the present invention, but the compressed air is slightly released to the atmosphere at the time of firing, and energy is lost, so that the hammer 9 is used.
It is desirable that the air be released to the atmosphere from the time when the air returns to the top dead center and the air in the firing chamber 16 starts to be compressed.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the driving means 5 is a single-acting cylinder provided with an air tank 24, and its stroke is controlled by a position detecting section 25. The position detection unit 25 is formed by a detection unit seal 27 in the head 26 of the drive unit 5 and the air tank 2
4 is provided with a detection cylinder 28 that operates by air pressure, and a detection rod 29 that comes into contact with the main piston 4 of the tubular body 1 from inside the cylinder 28 is provided. The middle portion thereof is exposed to the atmosphere, and the control portion 30 is provided at the middle portion. It is provided.

Therefore, the connection hole 31 provided in the middle portion of the detection cylinder 28 and the through hole 20 communicating with the firing chamber 16 are connected by a pipe 33 with a check valve 32 interposed therebetween.
The detection rod 29 is provided with an inner hole 36 that connects the receiving opening 34 facing the connecting hole 31 at the top dead center position and the opening 35 that is open at the portion exposed to the atmosphere. Moreover, the distance S1 between the detection unit seal 27 and the receiving port 34
However, it is most preferable to dispose the protrusion seal 11 on the protrusion 10 of the hammer 9 so as to be smaller than the mounting distance S0.

Therefore, when the hammer 9 fires and returns to the top dead center, the air in the firing chamber 16 flows into the pressure chamber 3 because the firing chamber 16 and the pressure chamber 3 communicate with each other. , The protrusion 10 of the hammer 9 is inserted into the inner collar 2 and the protrusion seal 1
From the time when one part is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the inner flange 2, the firing chamber 1
6 and the pressurizing chamber 3 are separated, and the air in the firing chamber 16 starts to be compressed. At that time, since the receiving port 34 of the detection rod 29 faces the connecting hole 31, the air in the firing chamber 16 passes through. Two
0, piping 33, check valve 32, connecting hole 31, receiving port 3
4, the inner hole 36, and the discharge port 35 are discharged to the atmosphere. Due to this discharge, the pressure in the firing chamber 16 is lower than that in the pressurizing chamber 3, the holding force of the hammer 9 is improved, and moreover, to the top dead center position. It is a quick return.

The means shown in FIG. 4 is constructed so that the air in the firing chamber 16 is discharged into the cavity chamber 21 on the bottom dead center side of the hammer 9, and an annular groove 37 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer 9.
On the inner peripheral surface of the tubular body 1, a hammer tip seal 38 is provided on the bottom dead center side of the annular groove 37 with the hammer 9 at the top dead center position, and with the hammer 9 at the top dead center, In a state where the distance S2 between the hammer tip seal 38 and the annular groove 37 is smaller than the mounting distance S0 of the convex seal 11 and the hammer 9 is located at the top dead center in the wall of the cylinder 1. A discharge hole 39 that connects the firing chamber 16 and the annular groove 37 is provided, and a concave discharge groove 40 that connects the annular groove 37 and the cavity chamber 21 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer 9. Also in this case, if the hollow chamber 21 is a closed chamber, the hanging shaft 7 is provided with a hole 23 as shown in FIG.

Next, in the means shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the difference between the surface area of the convex portion 10 of the hammer 9 (shown by the diameter D1 in the drawing) and the surface area of the slave piston 8 (shown by the diameter D2 in the drawing) is calculated. It is intended to increase the holding force of the hammer 9 by increasing the size, and the suspension shaft 7 is provided with a communication hole 41 communicating with the pressurizing chamber 3 and the back pressure chamber 14. Further, in addition to the above structure, the means shown in FIG. 1 or 4 may be provided.

As described above, since the suspension shaft 7 is provided with the communication hole 41, the ventilation hole 12 provided in the conventional hammer 9 is unnecessary, and therefore the diameter D1 of the convex portion 10 is made small. A large difference from the diameter D2 of the piston 8 can be taken, and thus the holding force of the hammer 9 can be improved.

In each of the above means, the pressure chamber 3 is supplied with air from the air supply source 42.

[0025]

According to the hammer device of the present invention, since the air in the firing chamber separated from the pressurizing chamber is discharged to the atmosphere, the hammer can reliably return to the top dead center position. However, it is possible to greatly reduce the time required for returning and improve the cycle time. When the next pressurization, the suspension shaft advances toward the bottom dead center, and back pressure is applied to the hammer. Even if the initial pressure is small, the pressure in the firing chamber is low, so the hammer almost dead. It is held at a point position, and the acceleration distance of the hammer becomes large at the time of firing, and a large impact force can be obtained.

Further, in the conventional device, the check valve interposed between the firing chamber and the pressurizing chamber is provided in the wall of the cylindrical body, but its function is liable to be impaired by vibration and dust, and it is necessary to always inspect it. However, according to the present device, since the above-mentioned conventional check valve is unnecessary, the pressure for operating the hammer can be adjusted to either high pressure or low pressure for use.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a typical example of a hammer device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line B of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a hammer device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing still another example of the hammer device according to the present invention.

6 is a sectional view taken along the line C of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional hammer device.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical body 2 Inner collar 3 Pressurizing chamber 4 Main piston 5 Drive device 6 Hammer chamber 7 Lifting shaft 8 Slave piston 9 Hammer 10 Convex part 11 Convex part seal 12 Vent hole 13 Insertion hole 14 Back pressure chamber 15 Recessed groove 16 Firing chamber 20 through hole 21 hollow chamber 22 empty chamber 23 vent hole 29 detection rod 31 connecting hole 34 receiving port 35 discharge port 37 annular groove 38 hammer tip seal 39 discharge hole 40 concave discharge groove 41 communication hole

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A cylinder (1) is divided into a pressure chamber (3) and a hammer chamber (6) by an inner collar (2), and the pressure chamber (3) is movable by a drive unit (5). A main piston (4) for sliding along the inner peripheral wall of the hammer chamber (6), and a convex seal (1) on the inner peripheral surface of the inner collar (2) at the top dead center.
1) equipped with a hammer (9) plunging through, and a secondary piston (8) provided in the primary piston (4) and the hammer (9)
And a suspension shaft (7), and a back pressure chamber communicating with the pressure chamber (3) through a vent hole (12) opened in the hammer (9) between the opposing surfaces of the secondary piston (8) and the hammer (9). (14) is provided, and the firing chamber (3) for receiving the pressure of the pressurizing chamber (3) through the insertion hole (13) provided in the hammer (9) from the groove (15) provided in the middle portion of the suspension shaft (7). A hammer device provided with 16), characterized in that a through hole (20) communicating with the atmosphere is provided in the firing chamber (16) close to the inner collar (2). 2. A cylindrical body (1) is divided into a pressure chamber (3) and a hammer chamber (6) by an inner collar (2), and the pressure chamber (3) is movable by a drive unit (5). A main piston (4) for sliding along the inner peripheral wall of the hammer chamber (6), and a convex seal (1) on the inner peripheral surface of the inner collar (2) at the top dead center.
1) equipped with a hammer (9) plunging through, and a secondary piston (8) provided in the primary piston (4) and the hammer (9)
And a suspension shaft (7), and a back pressure chamber communicating with the pressure chamber (3) through a vent hole (12) opened in the hammer (9) between the opposing surfaces of the secondary piston (8) and the hammer (9). (14) is provided, and the firing chamber (3) for receiving the pressure of the pressurizing chamber (3) through the insertion hole (13) provided in the hammer (9) from the groove (15) provided in the middle portion of the suspension shaft (7). 16) In the hammer device, the detection rod (29) for controlling the stroke of the drive device (5) is pressed against the main piston (4) by the fluid pressure of the detection cylinder (28) and the detection rod (29) is pressed. 29) is provided with an intermediate portion exposed to the atmosphere, and a through hole (20) is provided close to the inner flange (2) of the firing chamber (16), and the through hole (20) and the detection cylinder (2) are provided.
8) and is connected via a check valve (32),
A hammer characterized in that the detection rod (29) is provided with an inner hole (36) communicating with a discharge hole (39) opened at an intermediate portion exposed from the detection cylinder (28) to the atmosphere at its top dead center. apparatus. 3. A cylinder (1) is divided into a pressure chamber (3) and a hammer chamber (6) by an inner collar (2), and the pressure chamber (3) is movable by a drive unit (5). A main piston (4) for sliding along the inner peripheral wall of the hammer chamber (6), and a convex seal (1) on the inner peripheral surface of the inner collar (2) at the top dead center.
1) equipped with a hammer (9) plunging through, and a secondary piston (8) provided in the primary piston (4) and the hammer (9)
And a suspension shaft (7), and a back pressure chamber communicating with the pressure chamber (3) through a vent hole (12) opened in the hammer (9) between the opposing surfaces of the secondary piston (8) and the hammer (9). (14) is provided, and the firing chamber (3) for receiving the pressure of the pressurizing chamber (3) through the insertion hole (13) provided in the hammer (9) from the groove (15) provided in the middle portion of the suspension shaft (7). In a hammer device provided with 16), a hammer tip seal (38) is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the hammer chamber (6) that abuts the bottom dead center side tip of the hammer (9) outer peripheral surface. An annular groove (37) is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hammer (9) on the top dead center side, and the annular groove (37) is provided.
And a through hole (2) provided close to the inner collar (2) of the firing chamber (16)
0), and a concave drainage groove (40) communicating with the hollow chamber (21) partitioned by the hammer (9) of the hammer chamber (6) is provided in the annular groove (37). Hammer device. 4. A hollow chamber (21) on the bottom dead center side of the hammer (9) and a chamber (22) communicating with the atmosphere on the top dead center side of the main piston (4) in the tubular body (1). And the suspension shaft (7)
Hammer device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that they are connected through a hole (23) provided inside. 5. A cylinder (1) is divided into a pressure chamber (3) and a hammer chamber (6) by an inner collar (2), and the pressure chamber (3) is movable by a drive unit (5). A main piston (4) for sliding along the inner peripheral wall of the hammer chamber (6), and a convex seal (1) on the inner peripheral surface of the inner collar (2) at the top dead center.
1) equipped with a hammer (9) plunging through, and a secondary piston (8) provided in the primary piston (4) and the hammer (9)
And a suspension shaft (7), and a back pressure chamber communicating with the pressure chamber (3) through a vent hole (12) opened in the hammer (9) between the opposing surfaces of the secondary piston (8) and the hammer (9). (14) is provided, and the firing chamber (3) for receiving the pressure of the pressurizing chamber (3) through the insertion hole (13) provided in the hammer (9) from the groove (15) provided in the middle portion of the suspension shaft (7). A hammer device provided with 16), characterized in that a communication hole (41) communicating with the pressurizing chamber (3) and the back pressure chamber (14) is provided in the suspension shaft (7).