SU1689605A1 - Pneumatic plunger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to mining engineering, in particular, to submersible hammers for well drilling. The purpose of the invention is to increase the impact power while improving the reliability of the launch. The submersible pneumatic impeller contains a housing (K) 1 with forward 13 and reverse 14 chambers, placed in K 1 piston-impactor (PU) 2 with a stepped central channel 3, a stepped air distribution tube (PT) 4 s

Description

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the top 23 and bottom 22 radial windows. On the inner stepped surface of the central channel 3, the lower annular bore 16 is made, which is connected permanently with the forward running chamber 13, and the upper annular clevis 15, is made in the upper stage of PU 2. The surfaces of the upper stage of the channel 3 PU 2 and the lower stage BPT4 are formed annular chamber 24, constantly communicating with the upper

The invention relates to mining machines, namely, submersible pneumatic hammer drills for drilling.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the impact power while improving the reliability of the launch.

Figures 1-3 show an air hammer with arrows indicating the direction of movement of the energy carrier, longitudinal section.

The submersible pneumatic hammer consists of a single cylindrical body 1, a hollow piston located in it - a hammer 2 with a stepped central channel 3, a stepped air distribution tube 4 with a plug 5, an adapter b, a check valve 7, a damper 8, a crown 9 with an exhaust pipe 10, a ring 11 Boxes 12, as well as forward chambers 13 and 14 reverse strokes. On the inner surface of the central stepped channel of the piston-impactor 2, there is an upper annular boring 15 and a lower annular boring 16, which by means of ducts 17 in the piston-ud Rnik 2 is constantly hydraulically connected to the camera 13 of the forward stroke.

On the outer cylindrical surface of the piston of the impactor 2, deaf longitudinal grooves 18 are made, which by means of channels 19 in the piston-hammer 2 are hydraulically communicated with the upper annular groove 15.

On the inner surface of the housing 1 s, the forward running chamber 13 and the reverse running chamber 14 are respectively provided with annular bores 20 and 21 with the possibility of periodically communicating them with the longitudinal grooves 18 on the piston-impactor 2.

In the lower part of the recovery stage 4, lower 22 and upper 23 radial windows are made. The upper radial windows 23 are arranged in such a way that they are constantly hydraulically connected to the chamber 24 formed by the surface of the upper stage of the central channel of the piston and the lower stage air distributor by radial windows 23 VRT 4. When PU 2 is located before starting in an intermediate or extreme upper position, when there is no supply of energy carrier to chambers 13 and 14, PU 2 under the action of pressure forces on the area The ADC 25, chamber 24 is moved to the lower position and the channels are opened for supplying energy to the return stroke chamber 14. This increases the reliability of the launch of the hammer. 3 il.

The tube 24 has an annular pad 25, and the lower stage of the tube 4 has an annular pad 26.

Air hammer works as follows

in a way.

When you start the energy carrier from the rod through the adapter 6, the check valve 7 enters the air distribution

handset 4,

Before starting, the piston-hammer 2 can be in one of three positions: the bottom one (the channels for supplying energy to the backward chamber 14 are open), the top

(open Kekvly energy supply in the camera 13 of the forward stroke, intermediate or extreme top (there is no supply of energy neither r-dimension 13 direct, nor in the chamber 14 reverse).

When the piston-impactor 2 is located before starting in the lower position (Fig. 1 and 2), the energy carrier and the air distribution tube 4 through the upper radial windows 23 enters the upper annular

The bore 15 of the piston of the impactor 2, which is communicated with the annular chamber 24, from where through the channels 19 and the longitudinal grooves 18 of the piston of the impactor 2 enters the annular boring 21 on the inner surface

housing 1, which is permanently in communication with the backstop camera 14.

Under pressure from the energy carrier on the side of the reverse stroke chamber 14, the piston-hammer 2 begins to move to the upper position, the energy carrier is displaced from the chamber 13 through the channels 17, the lower annular boring 16 and the central channel 3 of the piston-drummer 2 into the exhaust pipe 10. After

close the lower annular bore 16 of the piston of the impactor 2 with the lower edge of the air distribution tube 4 and stop the communication of the camera 14 of the return stroke with the longitudinal grooves 18 of the piston of the impactor 2

expansion occurs in reversal chamber 14, and energy carrier compression in reversal chamber 13 occurs.

When the lower annular bore 16 communicates with the lower radial windows 22 of the air distribution tube 4 (Fig. 3), and the longitudinal grooves 18 of the piston-impactor 2 with the upper annular boring 20 of the housing 1, the energy carrier is injected in the forward travel chamber 13

After the impact piston 2 comes off the exhaust pipe, the energy carrier is released from the backstop chamber 14.

After the hydraulic connection of the upper 23 and lower 22 radial ports of the air distribution tube 4 to the upper 15 and lower 16 annular bores of the impactor piston 2 is stopped, its further upward movement to a stop occurs under the action of inertial forces with additional compression of the energy carrier in the forward travel chamber 13 .

After stopping the piston-hammer 2 under the action of pressure forces of the energy carrier on its front surface on the side of the chamber 13 of the forward stroke and on the annular platform 25 on the side of the ring chamber 24 Moves to the lower position,

In this case, the opening and closing of the channels for supplying and discharging energy to the chambers of the hammer are carried out in the following order.

When the upper 23 and lower 22 radial windows of the air distribution tube 4 communicate with the upper 15 and lower 16 annular bores of the impactor piston 2, the energy carrier is introduced into the forward running chamber 13, and the energetic is released from the reverse travel chamber 14.

After the entrance of the exhaust pipe 10 of the crown 9 to the lower stage of the central channel 3 of the piston of the impactor 2 in the chamber 14 of the reverse stroke, the energy carrier is compressed.

After the hydraulic connection of the lower annular bore 16 to the lower radial windows 22 of the air distribution tube 4 is stopped, and the longitudinal grooves 18 of the impactor piston 2 with the upper annular boring 20 of the housing 1, the energy carrier expands in the forward running chamber 13.

After opening the lower annular bore 16 of the piston of the impactor 2 by the lower edge of the air distribution tube 4, the energy carrier is released from the chamber 13 of forward travel through the channels 17 through the lower annular bore 16 and the lower step of the central channel 3 of the piston of the impactor 2.

When the camera 14 is reversed with the longitudinal grooves 18 of the piston - drummer 2, the energy carrier is introduced into the reversing chamber 14.

After striking the piston-hammer 2 on the shank of the drill bit 9, the working cycle is repeated,

When the piston of the impactor 2 is located before starting up, the worker

0, the process starts as described above when the piston of the impactor moves from the extreme upper position to the lower position before impact.

When the shock piston 2 re 5 is located before starting in an intermediate or extreme upper position, when there is no supply of energy carrier either to the forward flow chamber 13 or reverse motion chamber 14, the piston-impactor 2 under the action of pressure forces of the energy carrier to the platform 25 from the side an annular chamber 24, which is constantly hydraulically communicated with the upper radial ports 23 of the air distribution tube 4, moves to the lower

5, the channels and the supply of energy to the reversing chamber 14 are opened. After that, the workflow proceeds as described.

When the well is being purged, the air hammer rises above the bottom. Piston-drummer 2 moves the crown 9 to the extreme front position until it stops against the collar on the crown on the ring 11.

Air tube 4

5, by means of upper radial ports 23, is in this case communicated with the forward travel chamber 13. Energy from the air distribution tube 4 through the radial window 23 enters the chamber 13 of the forward stroke, from 0 to channel 17 through the lower annular bore 16 and central channel 3 of the piston of the impactor 2, exhaust pipe 10 and the channels of the crown 9 expire into the atmosphere of the bottom. Well purging occurs.

5 At the same time, when the piston 2 is moved, the lowermost position of its front edge closes the supply of energy carrier to the backstop chamber 14, and the remaining energy carrier therein

0, the slotted grooves in the box 12, which open at the same time, are released to the atmosphere. The piston of the impact hammer 2 is locked in the extreme forward position.

To resume the drilling process

5 it is necessary to press the pneumatic hammer by axial force to the face.

When using the invention, due to the additional supply of energy through the upper annular bore 15 channels 19 longitudinal grooves 18 of the impact piston 2 and the annular boring 20 of the housing 1 into the forward run chamber 13, the hydraulic losses decrease in the energy supply channels accelerated by it stroke and increase the shock power of the device, and due to the constant hydraulic connection of the upper radial windows 23 of the air distribution tube 4 by an annular chamber 24 when air is supplied to the hammer espechi- vaets constant force impact energy to the annular land 25 of the piston 2 and -udarnika reliable starting of the hammer for any initial position of the piston and any directed -udarnika lenii borehole drilling.

Claims (1)

Claims of the invention A submersible pneumatic hammer, comprising a housing with forward and reverse chambers, a hollow piston-hammer with a stepped central channel and upper and lower fixed permanently connected channels with a forward stroke chamber, mounted on the inner surface of the housing. boring stepped air distribution tube with upper and lower radial windows, characterized in that, in order to increase the impact power while improving the reliability of the launch, on the outer cylindrical The surface of the impactor piston is made with longitudinal blind grooves, which, by means of channels made in the impactor piston, are permanently connected to the upper annular bore made in the upper step of the central stepped channel of the impactor piston, while the surfaces of the upper step of the central channel and the lower step are the tube is formed by an annular chamber, and the upper radial windows of the air distribution tube are arranged to be in constant communication with the annular chamber, with this m on the inner surface of the housing bounding the chambers forward and reverse strokes are made circular bore through which a periodic message is provided with longitudinal chambers blind grooves on the piston-striker. 20 TO 2 i