JPH06272837A - Ash disposing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform reliable melting of ash, to protect the inner wall of a combustion chamber from a combustion heat, and to perform complete combustion of fed fuel. CONSTITUTION:An ash disposing device comprises a cylindrical chamber wherein ash 6 fed from an ash charging device 5, air for combustion fed from a blower 3, and fuel fed to a burner 2 are received from an upper opening part 1a and ash in a molten state is dropped through a lower opening part 1b; an igniting device 2a for fuel; a passage part 4 through which ash and air for combustion are fed to the upper opening part 1a; and a cooling part 7 to cool ash in a molten state. A guide part 4a to generate the state of a swirl flow, moved downward on the whole along an inner wall 1c thereof, by means of air fed to a combustion chamber is located in a passage part 4 and formed such that efficient combustion of fuel is carried out by means of the swirl flow.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cylindrical combustion chamber for receiving fuel, ash and combustion air from an upper opening and dropping molten ash from the lower opening.
The present invention relates to an ash processing apparatus having a fuel ignition device, a passage for sending ash and combustion air from the outside to the upper opening, and a cooling unit for cooling molten ash.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, there is an ash treatment method in which ash produced when incinerating garbage in a home or a factory is melted, and then thrown into water or the like to be cooled to be gravel and recovered. It has been done conventionally. This recovered material is used as an aggregate or the like in building materials, and it is important to improve the recovery efficiency.

As an ash processing apparatus for performing this ash processing, there has conventionally been used an apparatus in which a combustion chamber made of ceramic refractory bricks or the like is heated by a burner using heavy oil or propane gas as a fuel. The procedure is to put a predetermined amount of ash into this combustion chamber, directly blow a burner to this ash to heat it, melt it, and then take it out of the combustion chamber and cool it. It was being appreciated.

[0004]

However, in the conventional ash processing apparatus, since the burner is directly blown onto the ash put into the combustion chamber to heat the ash, the ash melts quickly in the portion where the burner is heated. However, the melting is delayed in the non-exposed portion, and it takes time until the ash is completely melted as a whole, and as a result, there is a problem that work efficiency is deteriorated.

Further, in the conventional ash processing apparatus, when the ash is melted, the heat of the burner is directly received by the inner wall of the combustion chamber, so that the inner wall of the combustion chamber is made of, for example, ceramic refractory bricks. However, even if it is formed, there is a problem that deterioration due to high heat becomes remarkable and damage is caused, resulting in a decrease in service life of the combustion chamber.

Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to improve the working efficiency by surely melting the ash put into the combustion chamber, and to protect the inner wall of the combustion chamber from the heat of combustion. An object of the present invention is to provide an ash processing apparatus capable of preventing deterioration of a chamber and further improving efficiency of combustion by completely burning fuel.

[0007]

The ash processing apparatus of the present invention comprises:
Basically, it is as shown in FIG. That is, the burner 2 and the passage portion 4 are provided in the opening 1a above the cylindrical combustion chamber 1, and the charging device 5 containing the ash 6 and the combustion air are sent into the passage portion 4. The blower 3 for is attached. Further, below the combustion chamber 1, a cooling unit 7 containing water or the like is installed.

When the blower 3 is operated, the combustion air passes through the passage portion 4 and the guide portion 4a, and the combustion chamber 1
Sent to. At this time, the combustion air moves toward the lower opening 1b while swirling along the inner wall 1c of the combustion chamber 1 by being guided by the guide portion 4a. Therefore, when the ash 6 is thrown into the passage 4 from the throwing device 5 while the blower 3 is operating, the ash 6 is sent to the combustion chamber 1 in a state of swirling together with the combustion air, and the ash 6 is also used for combustion in the combustion chamber 1. It will turn with the air.

At this time, when the fuel discharged from the burner 2 is ignited by the igniter 2a, the fuel is burned to raise the temperature of the combustion chamber 1 and melt the ash 6 during swirling. The ash in the molten state moves below the combustion chamber 1 while swirling and falls from the opening 1b. Then, after coming out of the opening 1b, it enters the water of the cooling part 7 and is rapidly cooled in the water to become a gravel shape.

By performing such a series of operations, when the ash 6 is continuously charged from the charging device 5, the ash 6 is continuously melted, and the ash 6 becomes gravel. It is possible to collect a large amount. In addition,
The charging device 5 may be connected to the opening 1a of the combustion chamber 1 so that the ash 6 is directly charged into the combustion chamber 1, and in this case, the swirling motion of the ash 6 is started after the charging into the combustion chamber 1.

[0011]

As described above, the ash 6 is swirled in the combustion chamber 1 as the combustion air is swirled.
After being input from the upper opening 1a, the lower opening 1b
It takes a long time to reach, and as a result, the ash 6 is retained in the combustion chamber 1 for a long time,
The ash 6 can sufficiently receive the heat from the burner 2 in the combustion chamber 1.

Further, since the combustion air sent from the blower 3 is swirling at high speed along the inner wall 1c, it is strongly pressed against the inner wall 1c by the centrifugal force, and the combustion air as shown by the dotted line in FIG. The high pressure portion 8 is formed to cover the inner wall 1c, and the high pressure portion 8 blocks combustion heat from reaching the inner wall 1c. Further, the swirling combustion air appropriately supplies the air necessary for the combustion to completely burn the fuel.

The ash 6, which is swirling along with the combustion air, swirls in the vicinity of the inside of the high-pressure covering portion 8 since it has a small specific gravity when initially charged, but is melted to change its specific gravity. As a result, the swirl radius is reduced, and the swirl radius gathers near the center of the combustion chamber 1. Therefore,
After moving under the combustion chamber 1 in this state, the molten ash 6
Most of the above will go out from the approximate center of the lower opening 1b.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the figure, 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 2,
2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are the same as those shown in FIG. 1, 2b is a tip, 2c is a conical member, 2d is a supply passage, 3a is a valve, and 7a is a communication passage. , 9 is an outer tubular member, 9a is a lower tapered portion, 10 is an inner tubular member, 10a
Is a tip, 11 is a gap, 12 is a protruding piece, 13 is a fuel pump, 13a
Is a valve, 14 is a compressor, 14a is a valve, 15 is a crusher, 16 is a blower, 16a is a valve, 17 is a base, 17a is a sloping surface, 17b is an outlet, 18 is a pan, 18 is a pan, 19 and 20 are temperature sensors,
Reference numeral 21 is an inverter, and 22 is a conveyor.

An outer tubular member 9 is attached to the opening 1a above the combustion chamber 1, and a passage portion 4 communicating with the combustion chamber 1 is formed in the outer tubular member 9. The blower 3 and the blower 16 are connected to the outer tubular member 9 via the valves 3a and 16a, respectively.
Combustion air is generated by the blower 3, and ash 6 is generated by the blower 16.
Are supplied into the outer tubular member 9.

The amount of combustion air supplied by the blower 3,
The amount of ash 6 supplied by the blower 16 can be adjusted by increasing / decreasing the number of revolutions of the blower 3 and the blower 16 or changing the opening amounts of the valves 3a and 16a.

The ash 6 supplied into the outer tubular member 9
Is a fine powder formed by a crusher 15 after removing metals by passing various ash after incineration through a magnetic separator or the like, and a ash 6 charging device 5 including the crusher 15 and the blower 16. Is functioning as. The reason for using the crusher 15 is to make the ash 6 into a fine powder form and improve the melting efficiency.

The lower tapered portion 9a of the outer tubular member 9
A plurality of protruding pieces 12 are provided inwardly on the inner peripheral surface of each of the protruding pieces 12. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each of the protruding pieces 12 is inclined toward a lower end in a certain direction. In this state, the distance is narrowed downward.

Therefore, when the inner cylindrical member 10 is installed inside the outer cylindrical member 9, the surface of the tip portion 10a and the protruding piece are
12 and the outer cylindrical member 9 and the inner cylindrical member 10 come into contact with each other, and as a result, a gap 11 is formed.
The combustion chamber 1 and the inside of the outer tubular member 9 are in communication with each other through the guide portion 4a.

That is, the gap partitioned by the protruding piece 12
The guide portion 4a is formed by 11, and the combustion air sent from the blower 3 is sent to the combustion chamber 1 after being guided by the flow shown by the arrow in FIG.
In this case, the air swirls in a fixed direction (to the left), and since the lower part of the gap 11 is narrow, the flow of the combustion air at the time of being sent into the combustion chamber 1 is made high.

In the illustrated example, the combustion air is swung to the left in the combustion chamber 1, but the invention is not limited to this, and the protruding piece 12 is swung to rotate the combustion air to the right. May be inclined. Further, the shape, the number and the degree of inclination of the projecting pieces 12 are not limited to those shown in the figure, and may be any as long as the combustion air is swirled in the combustion chamber 1.

Further, the combustion air from the blower 3 is sent along the inner peripheral surface of the outer tubular member 9 as shown in the drawing, so that it is swirled in the passage portion 4 in advance before being sent to the guide portion 4a. A flow is formed to facilitate the formation of a swirl flow in the combustion chamber 1. At this time, when the air goes around the passage portion 4 inside the outer tubular member 9, the guide portion 4
You may make it provide the regulation wall which is forcedly sent to a.

Further, the inner tubular member 10 has a refractory brick put therein and a burner 2 is attached to a substantially central portion thereof. Then, the tip 2b of the burner 2 is connected to the tip.
The cone-shaped member 2c is installed below the tip 2b while being positioned inside 10a, and the supply passage 2d is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the inner tubular member 10 and the outer peripheral surface of the conical member 2c. I have to. At this time, holding the conical member 2c
Since the inner tubular member 10 contains refractory bricks, it is carried out by attaching it to a plurality of supporting members from the outer plate of the tip portion 10a.

Therefore, when the inner cylindrical member 10 is installed on the outer cylindrical member 9, the tip 2b of the burner 2 is
It is in a state of communicating with the combustion chamber 1 through the supply passage 2d, and the position of the blowing portion into the combustion chamber 1 is
The guide portion 4a is set so as to be close to the blowing portion into the combustion chamber 1.

The burner 2 uses heavy oil, propane gas, or the like as fuel, and uses the fuel sent by the fuel pump 13 and the ignition air sent from the compressor 14 as the tip 2.
The fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 1 from b through the supply passage 2d. As an ignition method, the ignition device 2a provided in the combustion chamber 1 automatically ignites. In addition, the fuel supply amount and the ignition air supply amount are
It is adjusted by the respective valves 13a and 14a.

Next, the combustion chamber 1 is placed on the base 17 with the lower part fitted therein, and in the internal space of the base 17, a saucer made of ceramic refractory bricks or the like.
18 is provided below the combustion chamber 1. At this time, the opening 1b below the combustion chamber 1 has a small diameter so that the combustion air supplied from the blower 3 pressurizes the inside of the combustion chamber 1, but the present invention is not limited to this. Further, temperature sensors 19 and 20 are attached to a substantially middle portion of the combustion chamber 1 and near the lower opening 1b, respectively, and are connected to the blower 3 via an inverter 21.

Further, the bottom surface portion of the internal space in which the tray 18 is provided is an inclined surface 17a, and a discharge port 17b is provided in a state following the inclined surface 17a. The end of this discharge port 17b is inserted into the water of the cooling unit 7, and the cooling unit 7 is provided with a conveyor 22 below the discharge port 17b and connects the cooling unit 7 to another device. Communication passage 7a
Is provided.

Next, the operating condition of the ash processing apparatus will be described. First, when the blower 3 is operated and a large amount of combustion air is supplied to the passage portion 4, the combustion air is discharged from the passage portion 4. By passing through the gap 11 (guide portion 4a) between the projecting pieces 12, a high-speed swirling flow is sent to the combustion chamber 1. Since this swirling flow is a high-speed flow that swirls about 1300 times per minute along the inner wall 1c of the combustion chamber 1, the high pressure portion 8 is formed on the surface of the inner wall 1c by the centrifugal force generated by this swirling.

When the burner 2 is burned by the ignition device 2a in this state, the combustion heat is swirled as the combustion air is swirled. Since it becomes a wall, it is in a state of turning inside the high-voltage portion 8. In addition, this burner 2
The ignition air sent by the compressor 14 does not completely burn, but the swirling combustion air is used to completely burn it.

Therefore, the combustion temperature is about 400 degrees in the ignition portion of the burner 2, that is, near the opening 1a above the combustion chamber 1, whereas it is about 1700 degrees in the substantially central portion of the combustion chamber 1. And then the opening 1b below the combustion chamber 1
It is about 2200 degrees in the vicinity. Among these, combustion chamber 1
The temperature near the center and the temperature near the opening 1b can be detected by temperature sensors 19 and 20, respectively.

When the temperature of the combustion chamber 1 is higher than a predetermined temperature, the inverter is detected based on the output signals of the temperature sensors 19 and 20.
21 is operated, the rotation speed of the blower 3 is increased, the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 1 is increased, and the temperature of the combustion chamber 1 is lowered.
Further, when the temperature of the combustion chamber 1 is lower than a predetermined temperature, the rotation speed of the blower 3 is reduced to reduce the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 1 and increase the temperature of the combustion chamber 1, so that the respective adjustments are made. ing.

Next, after the combustion chamber 1 is maintained at a predetermined temperature, the ash 6 pulverized by the crusher 15 is fed into the outer cylindrical member 9 by the blower 16, and the ash 6 is fine powder. Therefore, the air is mixed with the combustion air from the blower 3 in the passage portion 4, and is sent into the combustion chamber 1 as a swirling flow by passing through the guide portion 4a as it is.

Since the ash 6 has a low specific gravity in the initial state when it is fed into the combustion chamber 1, as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the ash 6 is accompanied by the swirling of the combustion air. As a result, the ash 6 stays in the combustion chamber 1 and sufficiently receives the combustion heat of the burner 2 while being swung inside the high pressure portion 8 while making a large swirl. Therefore, it begins to melt.

Since the ash 6 in the molten state has a larger specific gravity than that in the state before the melting,
As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), from the large swirl shown by the arrow, the swirl radius is gradually reduced to gather toward the center of the combustion chamber 1, and in this state, the swirl moves downward. And move.

Thereafter, the ash 6 in a molten state gathered at the substantially center of the combustion chamber 1 is, as shown in FIG.
It comes out from b and falls toward the saucer 18 installed in the base 17, and is temporarily stored in this saucer 18. Then, the ash 6 in a molten state overflowing from the pan 18 is the inclined surface.
It is sent to the discharge port 17b by 17a and is discharged into the water of the cooling unit 7 from this discharge port 17b.

At this time, the ash 6 in a molten state is rapidly cooled by the cooling section 7, whereby it becomes gravel and accumulates on the conveyor 22. Then, by operating this conveyor 22, the ash 6 in the form of gravel is taken out. The combustion air sent into the combustion chamber 1 passes from the discharge port 17b through the cooling unit 7 to the communication passage 7
After being sent to a, it is discharged to the outside through various cooling devices, a water separation tank, a dust collector (cyclone), and the like.

[0037]

According to the present invention, the combustion air is sent to the combustion chamber, and the combustion air is swirled in this combustion chamber. Therefore, the ash that is thrown in is swirled along with the combustion air. Will stay in the combustion chamber,
As a result, the combustion heat can be sufficiently received, the ash can be reliably melted, and the working efficiency can be improved.

Further, since the combustion air is swirled at a high speed in the combustion chamber to form a high pressure portion by the combustion air on the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber, the heat of the burner is shielded by this high pressure portion. As a result, the inner wall cannot reach the inner wall, and as a result, the inner wall is prevented from receiving high heat, so that the deterioration of the combustion chamber can be prevented and the service life of the combustion chamber can be improved.

Further, since the combustion air swirling in the combustion chamber supplies the insufficient air when the fuel is combusted, the fuel is completely combusted.
Efficient combustion is performed, the temperature of the combustion chamber can be easily raised, and toxic gas can be prevented from being generated due to incomplete combustion of fuel.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the basic configuration of an ash processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the ash processing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a passage portion and a guide portion formed of an outer tubular member and an inner tubular member.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a state where a lower taper portion of the outer tubular member is expanded.

5 shows the initial state of the ash treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 when ash is put into the combustion chamber, (a) is a longitudinal sectional view, and (b) is A of (a).
It is a sectional view taken along the line A.

FIG. 6 shows a state in which ash is melted in the combustion chamber of the ash processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2, (a) is a vertical sectional view, and (b) is B of (a).
It is a sectional view taken along the line B.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state where molten ash reaches the cooling unit in the ash processing apparatus illustrated in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Combustion chamber 1a, 1b ... Opening part 1c ... Inner wall 2 ... Burner 2a ... Ignition device 2b ... Tip 2c ... Conical member 2d ... Supply passage 3,16 ...・ Blowers 3a, 13a, 14a, 16a ・ Valve 4 ・ ・ ・ Passage part 4a ・ ・ ・ Guide part 5 ・ ・ ・ Injection device 6 ・ ・ ・ Ash 7 ・ ・ ・ Cooling part 7a ・ ・ Communication passage 8 ・ ・ ・ High pressure Part 9 ... Outer tubular member 9a ... Downward tapered portion 10 ... Inner tubular member 10a ... Tip 11 ... Gap 12 ... Projection piece 13 ... Fuel pump 14 ... Compressor 15 ・ ・ ・ Crusher 17 ・ ・ ・ Base 17a ・ ・ Sloping surface 17b ・ ・ Ejection port 18 ・ ・ ・ Sink 19,20 ・ ・ ・ Temperature sensor 21 ・ ・ ・ Inverter 22 ・ ・ ・ Conveyor

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical combustion chamber for receiving fuel, ash and combustion air from an upper opening and dropping molten ash from the lower opening, the fuel ignition device, and the upper opening. An ash processing apparatus having a passage part for sending the ash and the combustion air from the outside to the part, and a cooling part for cooling the ash in the molten state, the ash processing device sending the ash and the combustion air to the combustion chamber. A guide portion is provided for forming a swirling flow state in which the air moves downward along the inner wall as a whole, and the swirling flow efficiently performs combustion of the fuel. Ash processing equipment. 2. The ash processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the combustion chamber is provided, and the supply amount of the air is adjusted based on an output signal of the sensor.