JPH06241647A - Hydrogen liquefying equipment and slush hydrogen producing equipment - Google Patents
Hydrogen liquefying equipment and slush hydrogen producing equipmentInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06241647A JPH06241647A JP5027925A JP2792593A JPH06241647A JP H06241647 A JPH06241647 A JP H06241647A JP 5027925 A JP5027925 A JP 5027925A JP 2792593 A JP2792593 A JP 2792593A JP H06241647 A JPH06241647 A JP H06241647A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- helium
- heat exchanger
- liquid helium
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/20—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using solidification of components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、水素液化装置及びスラ
ッシュ水素製造装置に関し、詳しくは、低温の液体ヘリ
ウムを気化してヘリウムガスとして供給する際の液体ヘ
リウムの寒冷を有効に利用して水素を液化する装置及び
該水素液化装置と一体化したスラッシュ水素の製造装置
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydrogen liquefaction apparatus and a slush hydrogen production apparatus, and more particularly, to hydrogen by effectively utilizing the cold of liquid helium when vaporizing low temperature liquid helium and supplying it as helium gas. The present invention relates to an apparatus for liquefying hydrogen and an apparatus for producing slush hydrogen integrated with the hydrogen liquefaction apparatus.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】日本国
内で消費されるヘリウムは、海外から液体ヘリウムの状
態で輸入し、これを気化して高圧ボンベに充填したもの
を使用しているのが実情であり、一般に高圧ボンベに充
填されて流通しているヘリウムガスは、充填工場で液体
ヘリウムを蒸発気化させてヘリウムガスとし、これをボ
ンベに充填したものである。この液体ヘリウムのガス化
にあたっては、液体ヘリウムを大気等で加温してガス化
しており、液体ヘリウムが持つ寒冷は全く利用されるこ
となく放出されている。2. Description of the Related Art Helium consumed in Japan is imported from overseas in the form of liquid helium, which is vaporized and filled in a high-pressure cylinder. In reality, the helium gas, which is generally filled in a high-pressure cylinder and circulated, is liquid helium vaporized and vaporized into helium gas at a filling factory, and the helium gas is filled in the cylinder. In the gasification of liquid helium, the liquid helium is heated in the atmosphere or the like to be gasified, and the cold contained in the liquid helium is released without being used at all.
【０００３】一方、液体水素は、各種実験設備の他に、
ロケット燃料としても多量に用いられるようになってき
ており、近年は、その需要が増大し、水素液化装置も大
規模化している。一般の水素液化設備は、原料水素ガス
を圧縮機により圧縮した後、熱交換器，オルソ−パラ変
換器，ＪＴ弁を介して水素の液化を行っており、液化す
る水素の冷却には、高温側では冷凍機や液体窒素を必要
に応じて用い、低温側では所定温度まで冷却された水素
の一部あるいは高圧ヘリウムを膨張タービンに導入して
断熱膨張させ、これを寒冷源として用いている。このと
き、高圧ヘリウムを寒冷源として用いる場合は、通常、
ヘリウムガスの循環系統を形成し、循環圧縮機でヘリウ
ムガスを昇圧して膨張タービンで膨張させ、寒冷を発生
させて循環させるヘリウムブライトンサイクルを用いて
いるが、ヘリウムガスを昇圧するために多大な動力費を
要していた。また、液体水素を半凍結状態にしたスラッ
シュ水素の製造においても、原料となる液体水素を得る
ために上記同様の水素液化機が用いられている。On the other hand, liquid hydrogen is used in addition to various experimental facilities.
A large amount of rocket fuel has been used, and in recent years, the demand thereof has increased, and the hydrogen liquefaction device has become larger in scale. A general hydrogen liquefaction facility liquefies hydrogen through a heat exchanger, an ortho-para converter, and a JT valve after compressing the raw material hydrogen gas by a compressor, and the liquefied hydrogen is cooled at a high temperature. On the side, a refrigerator or liquid nitrogen is used as necessary, and on the low temperature side, a part of hydrogen cooled to a predetermined temperature or high-pressure helium is introduced into an expansion turbine for adiabatic expansion, and this is used as a cold source. At this time, when using high pressure helium as a cold source,
A helium brighton cycle is used in which a circulation system for helium gas is formed, and helium gas is boosted by a circulation compressor and expanded by an expansion turbine to generate cold and circulate. Power costs were needed. Further, also in the production of slush hydrogen in which liquid hydrogen is in a semi-frozen state, the same hydrogen liquefaction machine as described above is used to obtain liquid hydrogen as a raw material.
【０００４】そこで本発明は、従来放出されていた液体
ヘリウムの寒冷を有効に利用して水素を液化することが
できる水素液化装置及びスラッシュ水素製造装置を提供
することを目的としている。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen liquefaction apparatus and a slush hydrogen production apparatus capable of liquefying hydrogen by effectively utilizing the cooling of liquid helium which has been conventionally discharged.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記した目的を達成する
ため、本発明の水素液化装置は、熱交換器，ＪＴ弁等を
備えた水素液化装置において、前記熱交換器に、液化さ
れる水素の流路と気化されるヘリウムの流路とを設け、
該熱交換器の温端側に水素の導入部とヘリウムガスの導
出部とを設けるとともに、冷端側に冷却された水素の導
出部と液体ヘリウムの導入部とを設けたことにより、液
体ヘリウムの有する寒冷を利用して水素を液化すること
を特徴とし、さらに、前記ヘリウムの流路に、熱交換器
の温端側から導出したヘリウムを昇圧する圧縮機と、昇
圧したヘリウムを断熱膨張させる膨張タービンと、膨張
降温したヘリウムを熱交換器の冷端側に導入する経路と
を有するヘリウム循環系統を接続してヘリウムブライト
ンサイクルを形成したことを特徴としている。In order to achieve the above object, the hydrogen liquefaction apparatus of the present invention is a hydrogen liquefaction apparatus equipped with a heat exchanger, a JT valve and the like, and the hydrogen liquefied in the heat exchanger. And a channel for helium to be vaporized are provided,
Liquid helium is provided by providing a hydrogen introduction part and a helium gas derivation part on the warm end side of the heat exchanger and a cooled hydrogen derivation part and a liquid helium introduction part on the cold end side. Is characterized by liquefying hydrogen by utilizing the cold of the, further, in the flow path of the helium, a compressor for pressurizing the helium derived from the warm end side of the heat exchanger, and adiabatic expansion of the boosted helium A helium brighton cycle is formed by connecting a helium circulation system having an expansion turbine and a path for introducing the expanded and cooled helium to the cold end side of the heat exchanger.
【０００６】また、本発明のスラッシュ水素製造装置
は、熱交換器，ＪＴ弁等を備えた水素液化装置により得
られた液化水素を貯留する低温容器と、該低温容器の液
化水素中に設けられた液体ヘリウムの流路を有する中空
円筒状の冷却部材と、該冷却部材内周の冷却面に析出し
た固体水素を剥離するオーガとを備えたスラッシュ水素
製造装置において、前記冷却部材の冷却に液体ヘリウム
を用いるための液体ヘリウム導入経路と、該液体ヘリウ
ム又は前記冷却部材導出後の液体ヘリウムを、前記水素
液化装置の寒冷源として前記熱交換器に導入する経路を
設けたことを特徴としている。Further, the slush hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention is provided in a cryogenic container for storing liquefied hydrogen obtained by a hydrogen liquefaction apparatus equipped with a heat exchanger, a JT valve, etc., and liquefied hydrogen in the cryogenic vessel. In a slush hydrogen production apparatus equipped with a hollow cylindrical cooling member having a liquid helium flow channel, and an auger for separating solid hydrogen deposited on the cooling surface of the inner periphery of the cooling member, a liquid is used for cooling the cooling member. It is characterized in that a liquid helium introduction path for using helium and a path for introducing the liquid helium or the liquid helium after having drawn out the cooling member into the heat exchanger as a cold source of the hydrogen liquefaction device are provided.
【０００７】なお、本発明における液体ヘリウムには、
液状のヘリウム自体だけでなく、液体ヘリウムが気化し
た超低温ヘリウムガスも含むものである。The liquid helium in the present invention includes
It includes not only liquid helium itself but also ultra-low temperature helium gas obtained by vaporizing liquid helium.
【０００８】[0008]
【作 用】上記構成によれば、液体ヘリウムの寒冷を水
素の液化のために有効に利用することができ、液化水素
及びスラッシュ水素の製造コストを低減することができ
る。[Operation] According to the above configuration, the cold of liquid helium can be effectively used for the liquefaction of hydrogen, and the production costs of liquefied hydrogen and slush hydrogen can be reduced.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下、本発明を、図面に示す実施例に基づい
てさらに詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明の第１実施例
を示すもので、５基の熱交換器１１，１２，１３，１
４，１５と、３基のオルソ−パラ変換器２１，２２，２
３と、ＪＴ弁３１とにより水素液化装置を構成したもの
である。各熱交換器には、水素の流路１１ａ，１２ａ，
１２ｂ，１３ａ，１３ｂ，１４ａ，１５ａ，１５ｂとヘ
リウムの流路１１ｃ，１２ｃ，１３ｃ，１４ｃ，１５ｃ
とが設けられており、原料となる水素ガスは、熱交換器
温端側の管１６から第１の熱交換器１１に、寒冷源とな
る液体ヘリウムは、熱交換器冷端側の管１７から第５の
熱交換器１５にそれぞれ導入される。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, in which five heat exchangers 11, 12, 13, 1 are used.
4, 15 and three ortho-para converters 21, 22, 2
3 and the JT valve 31 constitute a hydrogen liquefaction device. Each heat exchanger has a hydrogen flow path 11a, 12a,
12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 15a, 15b and helium channels 11c, 12c, 13c, 14c, 15c
Are provided, the hydrogen gas as a raw material is transferred from the pipe 16 on the hot end side of the heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger 11, and the liquid helium as a cold source is supplied on the pipe 17 on the cold end side of the heat exchanger. To the fifth heat exchanger 15, respectively.
【００１０】図示しない圧縮機で所定圧力に加圧された
水素ガスは、各熱交換器１１，１２，１３，１４，１５
で順次冷却されるとともに、オルソ−パラ変換器２１，
２２，２３でパラ変換されて熱交換器冷端側の管１８に
導出され、ＪＴ弁３１で膨張液化し、製品液化水素とし
て採取される。Hydrogen gas pressurized to a predetermined pressure by a compressor (not shown) is supplied to each heat exchanger 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
The ortho-para converter 21,
It is para-converted by 22 and 23 and led to the pipe 18 on the cold end side of the heat exchanger, expanded and liquefied by the JT valve 31, and collected as product liquefied hydrogen.
【００１１】また、図示しない液体ヘリウム容器から導
入される液体ヘリウムあるいは低温ヘリウムガスは、各
熱交換器１５，１４，１３，１２，１１で順次加温され
て略常温となり、管１９から製品ヘリウムガスとして導
出され、充填工場等に送出される。Liquid helium or low-temperature helium gas introduced from a liquid helium container (not shown) is sequentially heated by the heat exchangers 15, 14, 13, 12, 11 to a substantially normal temperature, and the product helium is supplied from the pipe 19. It is discharged as gas and sent to filling factories.
【００１２】例えば、液体ヘリウムから蒸発したヘリウ
ムガスを、標準沸点（約４．２Ｋ）より高い温度、６Ｋ
で管１７を介して熱交換器１５に導入するとともに、２
５％パラ水素の水素ガスを、８ａｔｍ，４０℃で管１６
から熱交換器１１に導入し、オルソ−パラ変換器２１，
２２，２３で９８％以上のパラ濃度として水素の液化を
行う場合、１リットルの液化水素を得るのに必要な液体
ヘリウムの量は約３リットルになる。For example, helium gas evaporated from liquid helium is heated to a temperature higher than the normal boiling point (about 4.2K) at 6K.
Is introduced into the heat exchanger 15 through the pipe 17 at
5% para-hydrogen hydrogen gas, 8 atm, 40 ℃ tube 16
From the heat exchanger 11 to the ortho-para converter 21,
When hydrogen is liquefied at a para concentration of 98% or higher in 22 and 23, the amount of liquid helium required to obtain 1 liter of liquefied hydrogen is about 3 liters.
【００１３】このように、液体ヘリウムを気化してヘリ
ウムガスとして供給するに際し、液体ヘリウムの有する
寒冷を有効に回収しつつ気化を行うことができる。すな
わち、水素ガスを液化するための冷却工程に液体ヘリウ
ムを寒冷源として使用することにより、従来放出されて
いた液体ヘリウムの寒冷を有効に利用することができ、
水素の液化コストを低減することができる。Thus, when vaporizing liquid helium and supplying it as helium gas, it is possible to vaporize it while effectively collecting the cold contained in liquid helium. That is, by using liquid helium as a cold source in the cooling step for liquefying hydrogen gas, it is possible to effectively use the cold of liquid helium that has been conventionally released,
The cost of liquefying hydrogen can be reduced.
【００１４】次に、図２は、本発明の第２実施例を示す
もので、前記第１実施例における液体ヘリウムをガス化
する系統に、ヘリウムの循環系統を加えたものである。
なお、前記第１実施例と同一要素のものには同一符号を
付して、その詳細な説明は省略する。Next, FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a helium circulation system is added to the system for gasifying liquid helium in the first embodiment.
The same elements as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
【００１５】上記ヘリウムの循環系統は、いわゆるブラ
イトンサイクルと称するサイクルであり、温端側の熱交
換器１１から管１９に導出されたヘリウムガスを昇圧す
る循環圧縮機４１と、昇圧されたヘリウムガスを断熱膨
張させて降温させる膨張タービン４２，４３とを備えて
おり、該膨張タービン４２，４３で降温したヘリウムガ
スを、管１７から冷端側の熱交換器１５に導入し、各熱
交換器で水素ガスを冷却するもので、該ヘリウムの循環
系統のみでも水素ガスを十分に冷却できる能力を有して
いる。The circulation system of helium is a so-called brighton cycle, and includes a circulation compressor 41 for boosting the helium gas led from the heat exchanger 11 on the warm end side to the pipe 19, and the boosted helium gas. And expansion turbines 42 and 43 for adiabatically expanding and cooling the helium gas. The helium gas cooled in the expansion turbines 42 and 43 is introduced from the pipe 17 to the heat exchanger 15 on the cold end side, and each heat exchanger is heated. Is used to cool the hydrogen gas, and the helium circulation system alone has the ability to sufficiently cool the hydrogen gas.
【００１６】また、第１の熱交換器１１及び第３の熱交
換器１３には、それぞれ膨張タービン４２，４３に導入
する循環ヘリウムを冷却するための流路１１ｄ，１３ｄ
が設けられており、液体ヘリウムと循環ヘリウムの合流
点には切換弁４４，４５が、循環圧縮機４１への分岐点
には切換弁４６，４７が、それぞれ設けられている。Further, in the first heat exchanger 11 and the third heat exchanger 13, passages 11d and 13d for cooling the circulating helium introduced into the expansion turbines 42 and 43, respectively.
Are provided, and switching valves 44 and 45 are provided at the confluence of liquid helium and circulating helium, and switching valves 46 and 47 are provided at the branch point to the circulation compressor 41.
【００１７】このように、水素ガスの冷却用にヘリウム
の循環系統を設けることにより、ヘリウムガスの需要変
動にかかわらず水素の液化を行うことが可能になる。す
なわち、ヘリウムガスの需要が十分にあるときには、液
体ヘリウム導入側の弁４４及びヘリウムガス導出側の弁
４６を開くとともに、循環系統の弁４５及び弁４７を閉
じ、前記熱交換器のヘリウムの流路１５ｃ，１４ｃ，１
３ｃ，１２ｃ，１１ｃに液体ヘリウムを導入することに
より、液体ヘリウムを加温しながら水素の液化を行うこ
とができ、循環圧縮機４１を稼働させずに低コストで液
化水素を得ることができる。As described above, by providing the helium circulation system for cooling the hydrogen gas, it becomes possible to liquefy hydrogen regardless of fluctuations in the demand for the helium gas. That is, when the demand for helium gas is sufficient, the valve 44 on the liquid helium inlet side and the valve 46 on the helium gas outlet side are opened, and the valves 45 and 47 in the circulation system are closed to allow the flow of helium in the heat exchanger. Roads 15c, 14c, 1
By introducing liquid helium into 3c, 12c and 11c, hydrogen can be liquefied while heating liquid helium, and liquefied hydrogen can be obtained at low cost without operating the circulation compressor 41.
【００１８】また、ヘリウムガスの需要が無いときに
は、液体ヘリウム導入側の弁４４及びヘリウムガス導出
側の弁４６を閉じるとともに、循環系統の合流側の弁４
５及び分岐側の弁４７を開き、循環圧縮機４１を稼働す
ることにより、上記液体ヘリウムと同程度の低温ヘリウ
ムを発生させて水素の冷却液化を行うことができる。さ
らに、ヘリウム循環系統を作動させながら液体ヘリウム
の導入を行うようにすることもできる。When there is no demand for helium gas, the valve 44 on the liquid helium inlet side and the valve 46 on the helium gas outlet side are closed and the valve 4 on the merging side of the circulation system is closed.
5 and the valve 47 on the branch side are opened, and the circulation compressor 41 is operated, so that low-temperature helium at the same level as the liquid helium can be generated and the hydrogen can be cooled and liquefied. Further, it is possible to introduce liquid helium while operating the helium circulation system.
【００１９】なお、両実施例において、熱交換器の設置
数やオルソ−パラ変換器の設置数は、プロセスの条件に
合わせて効率的な条件となるよう決定するが、オルソ−
パラ変換器に代えてオルソ−パラ変換触媒を充填した熱
交換器を用いることもでき、さらに、必要に応じて冷凍
機や液体窒素等により寒冷を補給するように構成するこ
ともできる。In both of the embodiments, the number of heat exchangers installed and the number of ortho-para converters installed are determined so as to be an efficient condition according to the process conditions.
A heat exchanger filled with an ortho-para conversion catalyst may be used instead of the para converter, and further, a refrigerating machine, liquid nitrogen, or the like may be used to supplement the cold as necessary.
【００２０】図３は、本発明の第３実施例を示すもの
で、スラッシュ水素製造装置の例を示すものである。こ
のスラッシュ水素製造装置は、水素液化装置５１で液化
された液化水素を原料としてスラッシュ水素を製造する
もので、液化水素を貯留する低温容器５２と、該低温容
器５２の液化水素中に設けられた液体ヘリウムの流路を
有する中空円筒状の冷却部材５３と、該冷却部材５３の
内周の冷却面に析出した固体水素を剥離するオーガ５４
とを備えるとともに、前記冷却部材５３の冷却に用いた
液体ヘリウムを、直列又は並列に供給して水素液化装置
５１の寒冷源として用いるように構成したものである。FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, showing an example of a slush hydrogen producing apparatus. This slush hydrogen producing apparatus produces slush hydrogen using liquefied hydrogen liquefied by the hydrogen liquefying apparatus 51 as a raw material, and is provided in a low temperature container 52 for storing liquefied hydrogen and in the liquefied hydrogen in the low temperature container 52. A hollow cylindrical cooling member 53 having a flow path for liquid helium, and an auger 54 for separating solid hydrogen deposited on the cooling surface of the inner periphery of the cooling member 53
In addition, the liquid helium used for cooling the cooling member 53 is supplied in series or in parallel to be used as a cold source of the hydrogen liquefaction device 51.
【００２１】すなわち、液体ヘリウム容器から管６１を
介して冷却部材５３に導入された液体ヘリウムは、該冷
却部材５３の冷却面を冷却した後に管６２に導出され、
水素液化装置５１に寒冷源として導入される。水素液化
装置５１に導入された液体ヘリウムは、前記両実施例と
同様に熱交換器で水素ガスと熱交換を行い、水素ガスを
冷却するとともに自身は加温されて管６３から導出す
る。この場合、管６１の液体ヘリウムは、冷却部材５３
をバイパス経路６４，バイパス弁６５を経由してバイパ
ス又は一部バイパスして管６２に導入してもよい。一方
の水素ガスは、管６６から水素液化装置に導入されて前
記同様に冷却され、パラ変換した後にＪＴ弁で膨張液化
して管６７に導出され、低温容器５２に供給される。That is, the liquid helium introduced from the liquid helium container into the cooling member 53 via the pipe 61 is led to the pipe 62 after cooling the cooling surface of the cooling member 53.
It is introduced into the hydrogen liquefier 51 as a cold source. The liquid helium introduced into the hydrogen liquefaction device 51 exchanges heat with hydrogen gas in a heat exchanger in the same manner as in both of the above-described embodiments, cools the hydrogen gas, and at the same time is heated and discharged from the pipe 63. In this case, the liquid helium in the pipe 61 is cooled by the cooling member 53.
May be introduced into the pipe 62 through the bypass path 64 and the bypass valve 65 or partially bypassed. One hydrogen gas is introduced into the hydrogen liquefaction device from the pipe 66, cooled in the same manner as described above, para-converted, expanded and liquefied by the JT valve, led to the pipe 67, and supplied to the low temperature container 52.
【００２２】低温容器５２内の液化水素は、液体ヘリウ
ムにより冷却されている冷却部材５３の内周の冷却面に
析出し、軸５４ａにて回転駆動されるオーガ５４により
掻き落とされ、低温容器５２の底部にスラッシュ水素と
して落下する。The liquefied hydrogen in the cryogenic container 52 is deposited on the inner peripheral cooling surface of the cooling member 53 cooled by liquid helium and scraped off by the auger 54 which is rotationally driven by the shaft 54a. Falls as slush hydrogen to the bottom of the.
【００２３】このように、スラッシュ水素の製造にあた
って、従来放出されていた液体ヘリウムの寒冷を利用す
ることにより、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。
そして、上記管６１及び管６２又は管６３に、前記図２
に示したものと同様のヘリウムブライトンサイクルを接
続し、切換え使用することもできる。As described above, in the production of slush hydrogen, it is possible to reduce the production cost by utilizing the refrigeration of liquid helium which has been conventionally released.
Then, the pipe 61 and the pipe 62 or the pipe 63 have
A helium brighton cycle similar to that shown in can be connected and switched.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の水素液化
装置及びスラッシュ水素製造装置によれば、液体ヘリウ
ムの寒冷を利用して水素の液化あるいはスラッシュ水素
の製造を行えるので、従来放出されていた液体ヘリウム
の寒冷を有効に利用できるとともに、水素の液化やスラ
ッシュ水素の製造にかかるコストを大幅に低減させるこ
とができる。特に、液体ヘリウムの加温系統とヘリウム
ブライトンサイクルとを組合わせることにより、ヘリウ
ムガスの需要が無いときでも連続して水素の液化あるい
はスラッシュ水素の製造を行うことができる。As described above, according to the hydrogen liquefaction apparatus and the slush hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention, since the liquefaction of hydrogen or the production of slush hydrogen can be performed by utilizing the cooling of liquid helium, it has been conventionally released. The cold of liquid helium can be effectively used, and the cost for liquefying hydrogen and producing slush hydrogen can be significantly reduced. Particularly, by combining the liquid helium heating system and the helium brighton cycle, hydrogen can be continuously liquefied or slush hydrogen can be produced even when there is no demand for helium gas.
【図１】 本発明の第１実施例を示す系統図である。FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の第２実施例を示す系統図である。FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】 本発明の第３実施例を示す系統図である。FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
１１，１２，１３，１４，１５…熱交換器、１１ａ，１
２ａ，１２ｂ，１３ａ，１３ｂ，１４ａ，１５ａ，１５
ｂ…水素の流路、１１ｃ，１２ｃ，１３ｃ，１４ｃ，１
５ｃ…ヘリウムの流路、２１，２２，２３…オルソ−パ
ラ変換器、３１…ＪＴ弁、４１…循環圧縮機、４２，４
３…膨張タービン、５１…水素液化装置、５２…低温容
器、５３…冷却部材、５４…オーガ11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ... Heat exchanger, 11a, 1
2a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 15a, 15
b ... Hydrogen flow path, 11c, 12c, 13c, 14c, 1
5c ... Helium flow path 21, 22, 23 ... Ortho-para converter, 31 ... JT valve, 41 ... Circulation compressor, 42, 4
3 ... Expansion turbine, 51 ... Hydrogen liquefier, 52 ... Cryogenic container, 53 ... Cooling member, 54 ... Auger
Claims (3)
置において、前記熱交換器に、液化される水素の流路と
気化されるヘリウムの流路とを設け、該熱交換器の温端
側に水素の導入部とヘリウムガスの導出部とを設けると
ともに、冷端側に冷却された水素の導出部と液体ヘリウ
ムの導入部とを設けたことにより、液体ヘリウムの有す
る寒冷を利用することを特徴とする水素液化装置。1. A hydrogen liquefaction device equipped with a heat exchanger, a JT valve, etc., wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a flow path for hydrogen to be liquefied and a flow path for helium to be vaporized, Utilizing the coldness of liquid helium by providing a hydrogen introduction part and a helium gas derivation part on the warm end side, and providing a cooled hydrogen derivation part and a liquid helium introduction part on the cold end side. A hydrogen liquefaction device characterized by:
置において、前記熱交換器に、液化される水素の流路と
ヘリウムの流路とを設け、該ヘリウムの流路に、熱交換
器の温端側から導出したヘリウムを昇圧する圧縮機と、
昇圧したヘリウムを断熱膨張させる膨張タービンと、膨
張降温したヘリウムを熱交換器の冷端側に導入する経路
とを有するヘリウム循環系統を接続してヘリウムブライ
トンサイクルを形成するとともに、該ヘリウムブライト
ンサイクルの熱交換器温端側にヘリウムガスの導出部
を、熱交換器冷端側に液体ヘリウムの導入部をそれぞれ
設けたことにより、液体ヘリウムの有する寒冷を利用す
ることを特徴とする水素液化装置。2. A hydrogen liquefaction device equipped with a heat exchanger, a JT valve, etc., wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a flow path for hydrogen to be liquefied and a flow path for helium, and the flow path for helium is provided with heat. A compressor for boosting the pressure of helium derived from the warm end of the exchanger,
An expansion turbine for adiabatically expanding the pressurized helium, and a helium circulation system having a path for introducing the expanded and cooled helium to the cold end side of the heat exchanger to form a helium brighton cycle, and the helium brighton cycle A hydrogen liquefaction device characterized by utilizing the cold of liquid helium by providing a helium gas outlet on the heat exchanger warm end side and a liquid helium inlet on the heat exchanger cold end side.
置により得られた液化水素を貯留する低温容器と、該低
温容器の液化水素中に設けられた液体ヘリウムの流路を
有する中空円筒状の冷却部材と、該冷却部材内周の冷却
面に析出した固体水素を剥離するオーガとを備えたスラ
ッシュ水素製造装置において、前記冷却部材の冷却に液
体ヘリウムを用いるための液体ヘリウム導入経路と、該
液体ヘリウム又は前記冷却部材導出後の液体ヘリウム
を、前記水素液化装置の寒冷源として前記熱交換器に導
入する経路を設けたことを特徴とするスラッシュ水素製
造装置。3. A hollow having a cryogenic container for storing liquefied hydrogen obtained by a hydrogen liquefaction device equipped with a heat exchanger, a JT valve, etc., and a liquid helium channel provided in the liquefied hydrogen of the cryogenic container. In a slush hydrogen production apparatus equipped with a cylindrical cooling member and an auger for separating solid hydrogen deposited on a cooling surface of the inner circumference of the cooling member, a liquid helium introduction path for using liquid helium for cooling the cooling member And a route for introducing the liquid helium or the liquid helium after the cooling member is led out to the heat exchanger as a cold source of the hydrogen liquefaction device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5027925A JPH06241647A (en) | 1993-02-17 | 1993-02-17 | Hydrogen liquefying equipment and slush hydrogen producing equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5027925A JPH06241647A (en) | 1993-02-17 | 1993-02-17 | Hydrogen liquefying equipment and slush hydrogen producing equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06241647A true JPH06241647A (en) | 1994-09-02 |
Family
ID=12234466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5027925A Pending JPH06241647A (en) | 1993-02-17 | 1993-02-17 | Hydrogen liquefying equipment and slush hydrogen producing equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06241647A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7155930B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2007-01-02 | Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for producing slush nitrogen and method for producing the same |
| US7526925B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2009-05-05 | Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing slush nitrogen |
| JP2015077825A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-23 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース | Cryogenic propellant storage |
| KR101585825B1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-22 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Hydrogen liquefaction apparatus using dual tube type heat pipe |
| CN108534462A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-09-14 | 张家港氢云新能源研究院有限公司 | A kind of liquid hydrogen production line |
| US10816262B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2020-10-27 | Jgc Corporation | Production equipment and production method of liquefied hydrogen and liquefied natural gas |
-
1993
- 1993-02-17 JP JP5027925A patent/JPH06241647A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7155930B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2007-01-02 | Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for producing slush nitrogen and method for producing the same |
| US7370481B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2008-05-13 | Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for cooling super conductive body |
| US7526925B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2009-05-05 | Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing slush nitrogen |
| JP2015077825A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-23 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース | Cryogenic propellant storage |
| KR101585825B1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-01-22 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Hydrogen liquefaction apparatus using dual tube type heat pipe |
| US10816262B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 | 2020-10-27 | Jgc Corporation | Production equipment and production method of liquefied hydrogen and liquefied natural gas |
| CN108534462A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-09-14 | 张家港氢云新能源研究院有限公司 | A kind of liquid hydrogen production line |
| CN108534462B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2024-01-02 | 张家港氢云新能源研究院有限公司 | Liquid hydrogen production line |
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