JPH06234424A - Loading method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify unloading work to each transport destination to improve loading efficiency, work efficiency, and loading stability, by prescribing the maximum overhang dimension, placing cargos, having a prescribed dimension or more, with the stowage positions of the cargos corrected, and stacking them in a rod-shape in order to be stowed on all loading surfaces. CONSTITUTION:Cargos, unloading and in the same group, are stacked in order to be aligned, and are bundled into a rod shape to be directly placed along a deep side end edge on a pallet. The relationship between the maximum overhang dimension OH, caused by cargos mutually adjoining vertically at the time of at least stowage of these loadings, and the minimum longitudinal dimension L1 of a cargo on the lower side of a cargo having the maximum longitudinal dimension L of the cargos, is prescribed in an expression I; and the relationship between the maximum overhang dimension OH and the minimum width dimension W1 of a cargo on the lower side of a cargo having the maximum width dimension W is prescribed in an expression II. Cargos, having these prescribed dimensions or more, are placed with the stowage positions of the cargos corrected, and are stacked in a rod-shape in order for stowage on all loading spaces, for stowing various cargos on a pallet.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is used for loading or stacking packages (for example, corrugated boxes) to be transported such as cargo and other parcels and articles on a loading platform such as a pallet, and delivering them in the order of each destination. The present invention relates to a loading method performed under given conditions, which is convenient for users.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in pallet transportation for loading packages and cargoes including packages on pallets, containers, etc., in the case of different products, an operator arranges the articles individually while considering the loading position on the pallet one by one, If the first layer can be arranged in a plane from the lower layer and the first layer can be arranged in a plane, the second layer can be sequentially layered in a layered manner, and even a skilled person requires a great deal of time and effort and fatigue. The degree was also extremely large. Therefore, recently, in order to facilitate the loading work on the pallet, the loading method (pin wheel loading, diagonal loading, block loading, which is the JIS standard for rectangular parallelepiped cargo of the same shape,
It is popular to make a unit load by simulating optimal loading based on (brick pile) and carry out cargo handling work on pallets, but in this unit load, cargo is not the same and it is composed of different types Is increasing. As the number of products to be loaded on one pallet increases, it becomes impossible or too time-consuming to load cargo. A method of calculating the stowage position has been tried, and there is also a method of transmitting the stowage position of the cargo to the operator to cause the worker to work, that is, a method of displaying the stowage position on the paper surface or the CRT screen. It is conceivable that this method requires the operator to check while looking at the paper surface or the CRT screen, stacking planes sequentially from the lower layer to the upper layer, and loading cargo without shifting to the designated position It was difficult and not completely satisfactory. In particular, these automatic calculation software have little reflection of requests from physical distribution sites, and as a result, there are many points that are insufficient in terms of loading efficiency, loading workability, loading stability, and calculation time.

[0003]

These conventional stowage systems are arranged such that a combination of many kinds is arranged in a plane and each layer is arranged on a plane and another product is placed thereon, and the next layer is planarly placed from the lower layer. As it was made, the plane became smaller and smaller, resulting in mountain-shaped loading, resulting in a significant decrease in loading efficiency, and there was the problem that the stability of luggage after loading also declined. Therefore, in order to improve this, when freight is loaded in a vertically stacked bar shape, in the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 5, the load a is placed directly on the basis of one edge of the pallet b,
It is common practice to place the next package next to the package already placed, and to place it next to the already loaded package one after another in parallel, so the loading becomes unstable at the maximum. The cause is that the load on the upper side is larger than that on the lower side and overhangs, and the compressive strength also decreases. That is, since the compressive strength is given by the vertical ridgeline of the package, the ridgeline separates when overhanging, and the crushing begins from the ridgeline of the lower package, so the more the ridgeline is separated, the easier it is to collapse and the maximum overshoot. If the hang size is set to 0, only packages that are the same as or smaller than the package size on the lower side can be stacked on top, and the loading efficiency will drop significantly, and the number of stacking steps when stacking will also be exceeded, and Due to the relationship, the loading condition of full loading at the regulation height becomes extremely unstable, and it becomes very difficult for the work to load above a certain height as the weight of the baggage becomes heavy, causing heavy labor and back pain. In addition, it may cause a danger due to falling of luggage, and if it is loaded low, the loading efficiency may be extremely reduced. The present invention eliminates these conventional drawbacks, enables proper and extremely efficient stacking of loads on a pallet by a simple operation, simplifies unloading work for each shipping destination, and improves loading efficiency and work efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a loading method that can improve the load stability, can significantly improve the load stability, and can reduce the calculation time.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a vertical shape, a horizontal dimension, a height dimension and a quantity of a package shape when vertically stacking heterogeneous multi-product packages on a loading platform such as a pallet in a vertical direction. In the case of processing by calculating the packing volume efficiency based on the input information of the weight and the packing height regulation,
In relation to the maximum overhang dimension OH caused by the vertically adjacent loads during loading with the minimum vertical dimension L ₁ of the package below the package having the maximum vertical dimension L of the package

[Equation 3] And the relationship with the minimum lateral dimension W ₁ of the luggage below the luggage having the maximum lateral dimension W is

[Equation 4] The cargo loading method is characterized in that the cargoes having the specified size or more are placed with the stowage position corrected, and the cargoes are sequentially stacked in a rod shape and loaded on the entire loading surface.

[0005]

[Operation] In loading work on a pallet, a worker decides the cutting order in advance and stacks the conveyed goods on the pallet, but the cut-out cargoes of the same group are sequentially superposed and arranged. , The rods are directly placed on the pallet along the inner edge of the pallet, and the maximum overhang dimension OH caused by vertically adjacent cargoes at least at the time of loading of this loaded product is specified. It is possible to efficiently load the cargos with their loading positions corrected, stack them in a rod shape, and load various cargos onto a pallet to be loaded on the entire loading surface. In addition, when stacking parcels of the same size and same weight, the upper and lower limits of the number of stacking steps are regulated in terms of the vertical and horizontal height dimensions of the parcels, the bottom area, the volume and the weight, and When stacking packages, the stacking work is efficiently performed by calculating the stacking height above a certain height and adding the stacking height regulation for each package weight.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the examples of FIGS. 1 to 4. The shape, size, quantity, weight and the like of the luggage 2 are input by a keyboard and calculated by a control mechanism of a computer, and a loading pattern is obtained. By storing in the storage unit, when loading different types of multi-kind packages onto the pallet 1, the cutting order is determined in advance and the packages are transported by a conveyor (not shown), and the packages 2 cut out by the transport conveyor are stored. In the loading method of loading on the pallet 1 of the above, loads 2 of the same item product or the same group product are stacked in a rod shape along one edge of the pallet, and the next load is adjoined to at least one side surface of the loaded product. Items are stacked in parallel and sequentially stacked, and the maximum overhang size OH caused by vertically adjacent loads during loading is specified, and loads larger than the specified size are placed with their loading positions corrected. , Stacked sequentially rod-like, by cargo over the entire loading surface, a loading method sequentially placed in a state vertically stacked on the pallet 1.

The maximum overhang dimension OH is in relation to the minimum vertical dimension L ₁ of the package below the package having the maximum vertical dimension L of the package.

[Equation 5] And the relationship with the minimum lateral dimension W ₁ of the luggage below the luggage having the maximum lateral dimension W is

[Equation 6] And In this case, if the maximum overhang size OH is set to 0, only the packages having the same size as or smaller than the package size on the lower side can be stacked on top, and the loading efficiency will be extremely reduced, which should be avoided. When the overhang dimension OH is 0.2 or more, the vertical ridgeline of the lower luggage 2 is separated from the ridgeline of the upper luggage 2, and the compressive strength is lowered to easily collapse, which should be avoided. .

Further, when the packages 2 having the same size and the same weight are stacked, the upper limit value (max) and the lower limit value (min) of the stacking step number NN are defined as vertical and horizontal height dimensions L, W, H of the packages. In relation to the bottom area AR and the volume VL and the weight M

[Equation 7]

[Equation 8] It is preferable that the number of stacks is an integer value within the range.
That is, if the number of stacking stages exceeds the above range, the stowed state becomes extremely unstable, and if the number of stacking stages does not reach the above range, the loading efficiency will be extremely reduced. Note that NN (max) and NN (min) are constants selected by experiments, for example, single item stowage height multiple regression standard error analysis such as experimental data in the case of upright stacking when targeting the items in Table 1. According to the above, the correlation coefficient between the above multiple regression equation and the experimental data shows an extremely high correlation of 0.96, and if necessary, an upper limit is set in advance for the NN value and the value obtained by the regression equation is corrected. May be. For example, the upper limit value NN =
If NN = 10 according to the regression equation when 9 is NN
Correct it as = 9.

[0009]

[Table 1]

Further, the loading height position regulation for each weight of the luggage is added. That is, when manually stacking a package having a weight of Mkg on an already loaded product,
The larger the weight of the baggage, the more difficult it will be. Therefore, in order to avoid stacking above the stacking height Tcm,
Make sure that the value falls within the range of the formula below. T (max) = − 4M + 220 T (min) = − 4M + 160 Since stacking efficiency lowers significantly when stacked below this height, it is preferable to add a stacking height regulation.

Further, it is convenient and convenient to improve the working efficiency significantly by using a loading method in which a predetermined number of packages cut out by a conveyor such as a roller conveyor are stacked on the pallet 1 from the back to the front. is there.

Further, instead of the pallet, it is possible to utilize by utilizing a container or a loading platform, and it is also effective to carry out a combination stowage work using stowage software. After inputting quantity order data and adding product masters such as size, weight, volume, shape, etc. and determining the unit unit by total weight, total area, and number of recipients, weight group, bottom stacking, side stacking, housing Determine the product order from the flag that can be seen in the area, instruct the product supply line, arrange the units in each cutting order in reverse order of destination, and stacking rule, that is, stacking method such as maximum stacking height, Calculate the loading position and loading direction in accordance with conditions such as grouping of similar-sized products (things with similar dimensions may be stacked on top) and prohibited items (prohibition of heavy objects on light objects) Then And determining flow in a short side direction or the flow in the side direction can be conveyed and stowage of the product to be loading. In this case, the packages should be transported in order of increasing weight, and those with a larger bottom area of the packages within the same weight group or the bottom area and the living area should be compared and the larger area should be prioritized to determine the cutting order. It is considered that the cargo is transported or loaded on a pallet for each same transportation destination, and that the cargo transportation is performed by dividing the cargo for each transportation destination.

Table 2 shows the experimental results obtained by stacking the method of the present invention and the conventional planar stacking method.

[0014]

[Table 2] Under the loading condition under the conditions of each data, the method of the present invention has excellent loading condition and loading efficiency. Table 3 shows the results of stowage work using stowage software under the conditions for each data.

[0015]

[Table 3] It was confirmed that when the flat product method was adopted for each data, the amount of unshipped unpacking was large, and the loading efficiency was significantly reduced. In the method of the present invention, good results were obtained without unshipped unpacking.

[0016]

According to the present invention, loads are stacked in a bar shape along the edge of a pallet, and the next load is stacked in parallel adjacent to at least one side of the load, and the loads are vertically adjacent to each other. The maximum overhang dimension OH caused by the mutual loads is related to the minimum vertical dimension L ₁ of the package below the package having the maximum vertical dimension L of the package.

[Equation 9] And the relationship with the minimum lateral dimension W ₁ of the luggage below the luggage having the maximum lateral dimension W is

[Equation 10] If the load exceeds the specified size, the loading position is corrected and placed, and the loads are sequentially stacked in a rod shape and loaded on the entire loading surface. In addition to increasing the degree of freedom of loading of various sizes that overhang the load to be loaded, loading efficiency is improved and loading workability is improved, and the number of loading stages when stacking is regulated in relation to weight. If regulated, the loading condition of full loading will be easily detected, the loading stability will also increase, and the work load will be excessive even when the load is heavy for work loading above a certain height. It is possible to easily stack combinations of various types of products while reducing the load, and the loading efficiency and stability of the loaded state after loading can be greatly improved, the calculation time can be shortened, and pallets can be easily operated. Proper and remarkably luggage It possible to attach rates well product, and simplify also the unloading operation to each transport delivery destination can be realized a significant improvement in work efficiency. In particular, the most efficient stowage can be selected according to the type, number, and pallet of the cargo, and the stowage conditions can be taken into consideration to enable accurate stowage in the limited space on the pallet. It is possible to reduce the cost and the planning time for stowage, improve the serviceability to the receiving side at the destination, and facilitate the stowage work and secure safe transportation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a stowage procedure showing an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a side view of the example of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the example of FIG. 1 at the end of stacking.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the example of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a stowage procedure of a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 pallet 2 luggage

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claims: 1. When loading different types of multi-type cargo on a loading platform such as a pallet in a vertical bar shape, the length, width, height and quantity of the shape of the cargo, weight, and stacking height regulation. In the case where the packing volume efficiency is calculated based on the input information of the item to be loaded, the maximum overhang dimension OH caused by the vertically adjacent loads during loading is placed below the load having the maximum vertical dimension L of the load. In relation to the minimum vertical dimension L ₁ of a package, And the relationship with the minimum lateral dimension W ₁ of the luggage below the maximum lateral dimension W is The cargo loading method is characterized in that the cargo having a size larger than the specified dimension is placed with its loading position corrected, stacked in a rod shape in sequence, and loaded on the entire loading surface.