JPH06230006A - Closet provided with urine detector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To remarkably reduce the running cost of a closed provided with an urinalysis instrument by fixing glucose oxidizing enzyme, and remarkably decreasing the used quantity of glucose oxidase. CONSTITUTION:A urine take-in part 26 is provided in a western style closet 20, and connected to an urinalysis instrument 48 through a piping. The urinalysis instrument 48 is provided with an enzyme electrode 52 having a membrane fixed with glucose oxidase. Urine taken at the urine take-in part 26 and diluted with buffer solution is brought in contact with the enzyme electrode 52, and hence glucose concentration in the urine is detected. It is unnecessary to add glucose oxidase solution to the urine at every measurement, and hence the running cost is remarkably decreased.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to glucose in urine,
The present invention relates to a toilet bowl with a urinalysis device capable of determining a health condition by measuring concentrations of components such as sugar, protein, occult blood, urobilinogen, and bilirubin.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Diabetes or the like is determined by examining the glucose concentration in urine, and the quality of renal function is determined by examining the concentration of bilirubin in urine.

A toilet bowl with a urinalysis device having this urine test mechanism has been proposed, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Application No. 63-75801-175811.

In the above-mentioned toilet bowl with a urinalysis device, a urine collecting cylinder with an oxygen electrode is attached to the toilet bowl surface of the toilet bowl. An enzyme is added to urine in the urine collecting cylinder, and the output change of the oxygen electrode causes a change in the urine collecting cylinder. Detect the analyte concentration.

Specifically, urine is received in the cylinder,
Then, the piston is raised so that urine remains only between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the piston. Then, while the piston is lowered to the lower limit, a predetermined amount of water and a reagent are supplied into the cylinder, and the reaction state between urine and the reagent is detected by the oxygen electrode. That is, the concentration of the component in urine is detected based on the detection signal from the oxygen electrode.

When glucose oxidase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as GOD) is used as the enzyme reagent, glucose in urine is calibrated as follows.

That is, when GOD and urine are mixed and glucose is contained in urine, an oxidation reaction of glucose (glucose + O ₂ → gluconic acid + H ₂ O ₂ ) proceeds. This oxidation reaction progresses more rapidly as the glucose concentration in urine is higher. Further, along with this reaction, oxygen in the reaction liquid (mixed liquid of test urine diluted as necessary and GOD) is consumed, and the oxygen concentration in the reaction liquid decreases. Therefore, the glucose concentration can be detected by detecting the change in the oxygen concentration in the reaction solution from the change in the detection value of the electrode.

Explaining this in detail, as shown in FIG. 3, the higher the glucose concentration in urine, the more rapidly the current value of the oxygen electrode after mixing GOD and urine decreases.

Therefore, for example, by obtaining the average change rate (ΔA / Δt) of the current value in the section where the current value is continuously decreasing, such as between points b and c in FIG. The glucose concentration in urine can be detected. The relationship between the average change rate and the glucose concentration can be obtained in advance by a test using a standard solution, and this relationship can be used as a calibration curve or input to a calculator to detect the average change. The glucose concentration in urine can be determined from the rate.

[0010]

When the GOD solution and urine are mixed at a fixed ratio for measurement, the G in the mixed solution is mixed.
Since OD is a biocatalyst, it is not consumed in the reaction and can be reused until the enzyme activity is lost. Nevertheless, in conventional glucose measurement systems, G
After mixing the OD solution and urine at a constant ratio and measuring,
The mixed solution containing the GOD is discarded as it is. Since this GOD is very expensive, the urine test cost is very expensive.

[0011]

A toilet bowl with a urinalysis device according to claim 1, comprising a toilet bowl having a urine collecting part and a measuring device for measuring a test component in urine collected by the urine collecting part. In a toilet bowl with a device, the measuring device is an oxygen electrode,
And an oxidase-immobilizing film covering the oxygen sensing part.

A toilet bowl with a urinalysis device according to claim 2 is a toilet bowl according to claim 1.
In the urine collecting part, the cylinder axis direction is up and down, and the upper end is attached to the toilet bowl so that urine can flow into the urine collecting cylinder, and the urine collecting cylinder is provided in the urine collecting cylinder so that the urine collecting cylinder can move up and down. Of the urine collection chamber and a lower pump chamber, and a drive device for driving the piston, the inner diameter of the urine collection chamber of the urine collection cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the piston, The measuring device is installed separately from the urine collecting cylinder, and the toilet bowl with the urine detecting device includes a urine collecting chamber, a pump chamber, a path for switching and supplying a buffer solution and tap water to the measuring device, and the urine collecting unit. Urine collected in
And a path for supplying the measuring device via the pump chamber.

[0013]

The present inventors have found that reusable enzymes (eg GO
D) was immobilized on a porous polymer membrane or a porous ceramic plate using a dialdehyde compound such as glutaraldehyde to prepare an immobilized enzyme membrane.

By attaching this to an oxygen electrode and measuring the amount of oxygen consumed as a result of the reaction, glucose can be quantified. This made it possible to reuse the enzyme until the enzyme activity was lost.

As a result, an expensive enzyme can be used many times, and the running cost (reagent cost) can be much reduced (one hundredth or less) as compared with the enzyme liquid injection type. It was

[0016]

EXAMPLE An example of the enzyme electrode (glucose sensor) used in the present invention is shown in FIGS. 23 (a) and 23 (b).

This glucose sensor has an enzyme immobilized on a porous polymer membrane or a ceramic plate, and the immobilized membrane 11 is sandwiched between an oxygen electrode 12 and a dialysis membrane 13 with an O-ring 14.

An example of the method for manufacturing the glucose sensor will be described below.

Preparation of Immobilized Enzyme Membrane Glucose oxidase (GOD) is dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), and 1% glutaraldehyde is injected into this solution with a micropipette and mixed with stirring. Drop this mixed solution on the membrane and place it in the refrigerator.
It is stored for 0 hours or more to prepare an immobilized enzyme membrane.

Assembly of Glucose Sensor The above enzyme membrane is cut out into about 3 mm square, and the enzyme membrane is covered with a semipermeable membrane such as a dialysis membrane, and attached on an oxygen electrode using an O-ring. In addition, it is preferable that the prepared sensor is placed in a phosphate buffer solution at the electrode portion and stored at a cool place (10 ° C. or lower).

An embodiment of a toilet bowl with a urinalysis device will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a side view of a Western-style toilet with a urinalysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.

An opening 24 is provided at the bottom of the toilet bowl 22 of the Western-style toilet 20, and the upper end of a cylinder 28 constituting the urine collecting part 26 is fixed to the opening 24 with a nut 30. The upper part of the cylinder 28 is a urine collecting chamber 32 having a large diameter, and the lower part is a pump chamber 34 having a small diameter.

A plunger type piston 36 is inserted into the cylinder 28 so as to slide on the inner peripheral surface of the pump chamber 34, and a driving device 38 for moving the piston 36 up and down is provided at the lower end of the cylinder 28. It is connected to the part.

The piston 36 can be raised by a drive device 38 to the upper limit where the upper end surface of the piston 36 coincides with the upper end of the cylinder 28. Further, the piston 36 can be lowered by the drive device 38 to the lower limit where the upper end thereof coincides with the lower end of the urine collection chamber 32.

The piston 36 produces a negative pressure in the pump chamber 34 when the piston 36 is raised, and can introduce a fixed amount of liquid such as a buffer solution into the pump chamber 34. Further, by lowering the piston 36, the pump chamber 3
The liquid in 4 can be sent out.

Urine is introduced into the urine collection chamber 32 with the piston 36 lowered to the lower limit, and then the piston 3
When 6 is raised to the upper limit, urine remains only in the gap portion having a constant volume between the outer peripheral surface of the piston 36 and the inner peripheral surface of the urine collection chamber 32, and thereby a correct fixed amount of urine is collected. Is possible. In addition, after a fixed amount of urine is collected in the urine collection chamber 32 in this way, the piston 36 is lowered to introduce the buffer solution into the urine collection chamber 32 from the pump chamber 34 of a fixed volume, so that the urine is accurately fixed. Can be diluted to a factor of.

Port 40 of urine collection chamber 32 and pump chamber 34
The port 42 is connected to the urinalysis device 48 via the pipes 44 and 46, respectively.

A buffer solution tank 50 is provided in the urinalysis device 48.
And an enzyme electrode (glucose sensor) 52 are provided, and the urine collected and diluted in the urine collection chamber 32 is introduced into the urinalysis device 48, and the glucose concentration in the urine can be detected by the enzyme electrode 52. Has been done. Tap water can be introduced into the urine analyzer 48 through a pipe 54 in order to wash the urine collecting unit 26, the pipe, and the like. A pipe 56 for discharging the urine test waste liquid or the like is provided between the urine test device 48 and the drainage port 58 of the Western-style toilet 20.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart and a piping configuration diagram for explaining the operation of the urinalysis device 48. In FIG. 4 (b), the enzyme electrode 52 is placed in the reaction cell 60.
Is installed. In addition to the pipes 44, 46, 54, 56, pipes 62, 64, 66, 68, 70 and switching valves V ₁ , V ₂ , V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ are installed.

Next, the operation of the apparatus of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 to 13. Note that in 4 (a), symbol R valve V ₁ ~V ₅
Indicates that the flow path selection is the reverse of the flow path selection shown in FIG. 4 (b). In addition, a blank column in the valve column in FIG. 4 (a) indicates that the flow path is selected as shown in FIG. 4 (b).

In the initial state, the piston 36 is located at the upper limit and the pump chamber 34 is filled with the buffer solution. In the measurement preparation step of FIG. 4 (a), the piston 36 is lowered. At this time, the valves V _{1 to} V ₅ are in the flow path selection as shown in FIG. 4B, and the buffer solution in the pump chamber 34 is the valve V 1 as shown in FIG.
₄ , V ₁ and V ₃ flow in this order, and are discharged to the Western style toilet drain port 58 through the waste liquid pipe 56.

After the piston 36 is lowered to the lower limit,
A user who sees the display of an appropriate standby signal lamp (not shown) starts urination, and urine flows into the urine collection chamber 32.
This is the urine collection process of FIG. 4 (a). After this urine collecting step, the valves V ₄ and V ₅ are set to the flow path opposite to that shown in FIG. 4B, the piston 36 is raised from the lower limit to the upper limit, and the urine sampling step is performed. In this urine sampling step, a buffer solution is introduced into the pump chamber 34 as shown in FIG.

Next, in the diluting process, the valves V ₂ , V
₄ and V ₅ are set as flow path selections opposite to those in FIG. 4B, and the piston 36 is moved from the ascending limit to the descending limit. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the buffer solution in the pump chamber 34 flows in the order of the valves V ₄ , V ₅ , and V ₂ into the urine collecting chamber 32. As a result, a certain amount of the buffer solution in the pump chamber 34 is mixed with the urine in the urine collection chamber 32 that has exactly remained in the urine sampling step by a certain amount, and the urine is accurately diluted to a specified rate.

Next, only the valves V ₁ and V ₂ are set to the flow path selection opposite to that shown in FIG. 4 (b), and the piston 36 is moved up to the upper limit. Then, the diluted urine in the urine collection chamber 32 flows in the order of the valves V ₂ and V ₅ , the reaction cell 60, and the valves V ₁ and V ₄ , as shown in FIG. 8, and is sucked into the pump chamber 34. When the diluted urine passes through the reaction cell 60, the diluted urine comes into contact with the enzyme electrode 52 having a fixed enzyme film of GOD, and an electric signal corresponding to the glucose concentration contained in the urine is output from the enzyme electrode 52. . As a result, the glucose concentration in urine is detected.

After the measurement process is completed, the valves V ₂ , V ₄ and V ₅ are set to the flow path opposite to that shown in FIG. 4 (b) to move to the discharge process, and the piston 36 is lowered to the lower limit. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, the diluted urine in the pump chamber 34 flows into the urine collecting chamber 32 in the order of the valves V ₄ , V ₅ and V ₂ .

Next, only the valve V ₁ is set as the flow path opposite to that shown in FIG. 4 (b), and the piston 36 is slightly raised. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, the buffer solution flows through valves V ₂ and V ₅ , reaction cell 60, valves V ₁ and V ₄ in this order, and is sucked into pump chamber 34. As a result, the washing replacement step is performed, and the diluted urine in the reaction cell 60 is replaced with the buffer solution.

At the time when the piston 36 has risen to the middle in the height direction, only the valve V ₃ is made to have the flow path selection opposite to that shown in FIG. 4 (b), and the piston 36 is further raised. Then, the suction step for washing is performed, and the eleventh
As shown in the drawing, tap water flows through valves V ₃ , V ₁ , and V ₄ in this order and is sucked into the pump chamber 34. After the suction step, the valve V _2, V _4, V ₅ and Fig. 4 (b) and the inverse of the channel selection, the piston 36 is lowered again. Then, the washing discharging step is performed, and the liquid in the pump chamber 34 (in this case, the mixed liquid of the buffer solution and tap water) is transferred from the pump chamber 34 to the urine collecting chamber 32, as shown in FIG.

After that, the tap water shown in FIG. 11 is introduced into the pump chamber 34 and the liquid (tap water in this case) in the pump chamber 34 shown in FIG. 12 is moved to the urine collection chamber 32 twice. Repeatedly (wash,). After that, the process proceeds to the washing substitution step of FIG. 4 (a), and the buffer solution is introduced into the pump chamber 34 in the same manner as in FIG. After the piston 36 is moved to the upper limit, the buffer solution is sent to the urine collection chamber 32 as shown in FIG. 12, and the washing process is completed.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13, a buffer solution is introduced into the pump chamber 34, and finally the pump chamber 34 is filled with the buffer solution (final replacement), and a series of procedures is completed.

Although the five valves V _{1 to} V ₅ are used in the above embodiment, the present invention uses only _three valves V _{1 to} V _{3 as} shown in FIGS. 15 to 22. Good. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, FIG.
It is a flowchart in which the replacement step of the cleaning step is omitted.

In the measurement preparation step, the piston 36 is lowered to discharge the buffer solution in the pump chamber 34 to the waste liquid pipe 56. Next, the process proceeds to the urine collection process, and urine is flowed into the urine collection chamber 32.

Next, the urine sampling process is started, and the first
As shown in FIG. 6, the piston 36 is raised and the urine collection chamber 32
Excess urine inside overflows into the toilet bowl 22 and the buffer solution is introduced into the pump chamber 34.

Next, in the diluting step, the piston 36 is lowered and the buffer solution in the pump chamber 34 is introduced into the urine collecting chamber 32 as shown in FIG. After that, the measurement step is performed as shown in FIG. 18, and the diluted urine in the urine collection chamber 32 is converted into the reaction cell 6
It is introduced into the pump chamber 34 through 0. The glucose concentration in urine is measured by passing the diluted urine through the reaction cell 60.

After the measuring step, the discharge step is started and the diluted urine in the pump chamber 34 is discharged to the waste liquid pipe 56. In this case, the diluted urine may be discharged to the urine collection chamber 32 as in the above embodiment.

After this step, a cleaning step is performed. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, tap water is sucked into the pump chamber 34, and then tap water in the pump chamber 34 is discharged into the urine collection chamber 32 as shown in FIG. The washing of the pump room 34 and the urine collection room 32 with tap water is repeated three times. Then, the final displacement step is performed, and the buffer solution is introduced into the pump chamber 34 through the reaction cell 60 as shown in FIG.

In the above-mentioned examples, all of the measurements (8th
Since the diluted urine is introduced into the lower cylinder (pump chamber 34) in Fig. 18), washing is performed 4 times. In the present invention, the diluted urine is measured as shown in Figs. 24 and 25, for example. If is stopped at the reaction cell 60, the number of times of cleaning can be reduced (for example, once).

In the method shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the diluted urine in the upper cylinder (urine collection chamber 32) is introduced to a point slightly ahead of the reaction cell 60 as shown by the arrow as the piston 36 descends. At this point, the flow path selection of the valves V ₁ and V ₂ is switched, and thereafter tap water is introduced into the apparatus as indicated by the arrow. (Note that a valve and a pipe may be provided so that a buffer solution may be introduced instead of tap water.) By doing so, the lower cylinder (pump chamber 3
4) will not be contaminated with diluted urine, and cleaning will be simple and sufficient. Also, this reduces the time required for one measurement cycle.

[0048]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As is clear from the above examples, the use of the enzyme-immobilized membrane in the present invention provides the following excellent effects.

Lower running costs. Cost reduction per sample. Maintenance free. In the case of the enzyme solution input type, you have to manage the bottle containing the enzyme solution,
A space for that was also necessary, but this is no longer necessary. A tube for feeding the enzyme solution, a valve for controlling the tube, and a reagent bottle for feeding the enzyme solution are unnecessary, and the entire system can be downsized in a space-saving manner. Since the immobilized enzyme membrane exists in the vicinity of the electrode under almost constant conditions / environments, there is no error factor in mixing conditions and reagent (enzyme solution) input amount, which are problems in the enzyme solution input type, and the measurement accuracy is improved. Since the measurement system is simple, the time required to measure one sample is shortened.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a Western-style toilet bowl with a urinalysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a glucose oxidation reaction.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the embodiment apparatus.

FIG. 9 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a system diagram illustrating the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG.

16 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 17 is a system diagram explaining the operation of the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 18 is a system diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 19 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 20 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG.

21 is a system diagram for explaining the operation of the apparatus according to the embodiment shown in FIG.

22 is a system diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 14. FIG.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an enzyme-immobilized oxygen electrode.

FIG. 24 is a system diagram showing another operation example of the embodiment apparatus.

FIG. 25 is a system diagram showing another operation example of the device of the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 20 Western-style toilet bowl 22 Toilet bowl 28 Cylinder 32 Urine collection chamber 34 Pump room 36 Piston 38 Drive device 48 Urine analyzer 50 Buffer solution tank 52 Enzyme electrode

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location G01N 27/416

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A toilet bowl with a urinalysis device comprising a urinal having a urine collecting part and a measuring device for measuring a test component in urine collected by the urine collecting part, wherein the measuring device is an oxygen electrode, A toilet bowl with a urinalysis device, comprising: an oxidase-immobilizing membrane covering the oxygen sensing portion. 2. The urine collecting part according to claim 1, wherein the urine collecting part has a cylinder axis direction in a vertical direction, and an upper end part thereof is attached to the toilet bowl so that urine can flow into the urine, and the urine collecting part is vertically movable in the urine collecting cylinder. A piston partitioning the inside of the cylinder into an upper urine collecting chamber and a lower pumping chamber, and a drive device for driving the piston, and the inner diameter of the urine collecting chamber of the urine collecting cylinder is outside the piston. The measuring device is installed separately from the urine collecting cylinder, and the toilet bowl with the urine detecting device switches between the buffer solution and tap water for the urine collecting chamber, the pump chamber and the measuring device. Supply route,
A toilet bowl with a urinalysis device, comprising: a path for supplying the urine collected by the urine collection section to the measuring device via the pump chamber.