JPH06221689A - Heat generating method and heat generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a high efficient heat generating reaction in a solid material by a method wherein gas composed of deuterium or light hydrogen or tritium or these combined elements is absorbed and stored in a specific object and there is provided a temperature gradient in which the side of the object facing to the first substance is kept at a high temperature and its side facing to the second substance is kept at a low temperature. CONSTITUTION:Gas compound of deuterium or light hydrogen or tritium or a mixture of these element is absorbed and stored in an object 7 at the time of formation or after formation of the object 7 having a configuration in which a first substance 1 composed of paradium or titanium and a second substance 6 composed of alloy containing one element of iron or yttrium or nickel or silver with a component ratio of 50% or more is arranged adjacent to each other. In addition, there is provided a temperature gradient in which the side of the object 7 facing to the first substance 1 is kept at a high temperature and a side of the second substance 6 is kept at a low temperature. Dispersions from the two directions are concentrated at the interface 4, so that a high accumulating effect can be attained and a high heat generating efficiency can be accomplished.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for heating hydrogen by transporting hydrogen in a solid at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or lower.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method capable of carrying out an exothermic reaction involving hydrogen in a solid at a low temperature of 1000 ° C. or lower,
The electrolysis method and the present inventors first described in Japanese Patent Application No. 1-32266.
No. 2, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-322663, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-3126
48 method (vacuum method).

In the electrolysis method, deuterium generated by electrolysis of heavy water (D ₂ O) is occluded in palladium (Pd) or titanium (Ti), and deuterium Pd or Ti is stored.
It is a method of raising heat by increasing the concentration inside.

The vacuum method is a method in which a Pd or Ti plate is subjected to a temperature gradient, a potential gradient, a pressure gradient, or the like to form an accumulated layer of absorbed hydrogen or deuterium and to generate heat.

In any of the above methods, sufficient accumulation of hydrogen or deuterium in the solid is an important factor for efficient exothermic reaction.

[0006]

In the electrolysis method, the essence is to expect natural accumulation of deuterium in the Pd electrode or the like by electrolysis for a long time, and the controllability for the accumulation of deuterium is high. There was a drawback that it was scarce and it was difficult to obtain highly efficient heat generation.

On the other hand, the formation of an accumulation layer of hydrogen or deuterium in the conventional vacuum method is carried out by promoting unidirectional (deuterium) hydrogen diffusion in the Pd or Ti plate by a temperature gradient, a potential gradient and a pressure gradient. Was there. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating accumulation of deuterium in a conventional vacuum method. After occluding deuterium (D) atoms 2, P is set by the heater 8.
One side of d1 is heated to about 150 ° C, and the other side is cooled to about -100 ° C by the cooling device 9. The deuterium (D) atoms 2 that have moved and diffused to the low temperature side surface of Pd1 due to the temperature gradient thus formed prevent further diffusion to the outside of Pd1 by the manganese (Mn) oxide film 3 formed on this surface. Then, an accumulation layer is formed in the vicinity of the oxide film / Pd interface 4. That is, the stored deuterium is concentrated toward this interface by diffusion in one direction, but Pd
It was difficult to achieve a sufficient amount of accumulation in 1 to produce a highly efficient exotherm. In FIG. 1, the Au thin film cover 5 is for preventing the D atoms 2 from leaking out of Pd1, and is formed on the outer peripheral portion of Pd after the D atoms are stored. Further, 10 is a temperature gradient forming means composed of the heater 8 and the cooling device 9.

An object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient heat generation method and its apparatus by dramatically increasing the effect of accumulating (deuterium) hydrogen in a solid.

[0009]

The heat generation method of the present invention is an alloy in which the first substance made of palladium or titanium and one element of iron, yttrium, nickel, or silver is contained in a proportion of 50% or more. A second substance consisting of deuterium, light hydrogen, tritium, or a gas composed of a combination thereof (hereinafter referred to as (deuterium) and (Described below) is stored in the object, and a temperature gradient is provided so that the first substance side of the object is kept at a high temperature and the second substance side is kept at a low temperature.

Here, a third substance for preventing mutual mixing of the first substance and the second substance may be arranged between the first substance and the second substance.

The third substance is preferably aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or manganese oxide, and in this case, its thickness is preferably 10 angstroms or less.

Further, the apparatus of the present invention comprises a first substance made of palladium or titanium, and a second substance made of an alloy containing one element of iron, yttrium, nickel or silver in an amount of 50% or more in composition ratio. And
In an object that has a structure in which it is placed adjacent to each other, (heavy)
At least a heat source material that stores hydrogen, and a temperature gradient forming means that forms a temperature gradient that keeps the first substance side of the heat source material at a high temperature and keeps the second substance side at a low temperature. It is characterized by having.

Here, a third substance for preventing mutual mixing of the first substance and the second substance may be arranged between the first substance and the second substance.

Further, all or part of the heat source material may be placed in (deuterium) hydrogen of 0.5 atm or more.

[0015]

The occluded (deuterium) hydrogen is so selected that its heat of transport takes a positive value in the first substance and a negative value in the second substance. Therefore, the (deuterium) hydrogen occluded in the first substance moves and diffuses to a lower temperature side due to the temperature gradient, while the (heavy) hydrogen occluded in the second substance moves to a higher temperature side. Spread. That is, all of the (deuterium) hydrogen is concentrated near the interface, and the storage effect is dramatically enhanced as compared with the conventional method. In general, (heavy) hydrogen in Pd has a positive heat of transport, and (heavy) hydrogen in Fe has a negative heat of transport. Pure Fe does not have a sufficient storage amount of (deuterium) hydrogen, and in order to exert the effect of the present invention, it is necessary to use an alloy having a Fe component ratio of 50% or more. Similarly, for yttrium, silver and nickel, it is necessary to use an alloy having a composition ratio of 50% or more.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the heat exchange part for taking out the generated heat is omitted. The same elements as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals. Storage of D atom 2 is performed by heating an object (heat source material) 7 formed by joining Pd1 and Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 6 which is an alloy of iron, vanadium and platinum to 300 ° C. or more in deuterium gas. It was carried out by slow cooling. After occluding the D atoms, the Au thin film cover 5 was formed on the outer peripheral portion of the object by vapor deposition in order to prevent the D atoms 2 from leaking out of the object 7. As for the D atom 3 occluded in Pd1 and Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 6 the transport heat Q ^* in each substance becomes a positive value and a negative value, respectively.
It is concentrated and accumulated in the vicinity of the interface 4 due to a temperature gradient in which the cooling device 9 cools it to −150 ° C. In the conventional method of FIG. 1, the diffusion was only in one direction, but in the present example, the diffusion was concentrated from the two directions at the interface, so that the accumulation effect was high and therefore high heat generation efficiency was obtained. The conventional method obtained an excess energy of 10% with respect to the input power due to the formation of the temperature gradient, whereas this example obtained an excess energy of 30% or more.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view for explaining the second embodiment of the present invention. Also in this figure, the heat exchanger part for taking out the generated heat is omitted. The same reference numerals are given to the same elements as those in FIGS. When D atoms 2 occluded in Pd1 and Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 6 are concentrated and accumulated near the interface by the temperature gradient application by the temperature gradient forming means 10, it depends on the applied temperature (difference). As a result, the interfaces 41 and 42 increase in temperature by about 100 ° C. Due to this temperature rise, when Pd1, Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 6 directly contact with each other to form an interface, mixing and alloying of both slightly occur,
The original accumulation effect may be diminished. Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to avoid this mixing and alloying, an extremely thin film of silicon oxide (thickness 3Å) 8 is deposited on the interface between the two by sputtering, and then this thin film of Pd1 is formed. and a structure in joining the forming surface and bonding the Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 6. As a result, Pd1 and Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 6 are mixed,
The alloying was prevented, and since the silicon oxide thin film 8 had a very thin layer thickness, the exothermic reaction due to the mutual proximity of the D atoms 2 was possible. When the thickness of the silicon oxide thin film 8 exceeds 10Å, mutual proximity of D atoms was not sufficiently achieved, and a remarkable exothermic reaction was not obtained. Further, the same effect was obtained by using aluminum oxide or manganese oxide instead of the silicon oxide thin film 8. Conventional vacuum method is 10 for input power
%, Excess energy of 50% or more was obtained in this example.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view for explaining the third embodiment of the present invention. Also in this figure, the heat exchanger part for taking out the generated heat is omitted. Further, the same elements as those in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. In Pd1 and Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt
D atoms 2 occluded in ₅ 6 concentrate on the interface 4 as in the first embodiment, but this embodiment is different in that the entire heat source material 7 is stored in the deuterium gas container 11. . Therefore, since the deuterium atoms continuously permeate and diffuse in the heat source material 7, excessive heat generation at the interface was continuously obtained. In order to supply a sufficient amount of deuterium to cause a continuous exothermic reaction, it was necessary to keep the deuterium pressure in the deuterium gas container 11 at 0.5 atm or higher. Such excess heat generation is not limited to the deuterium described in this example, and is obtained even when cheaper light hydrogen or tritium having higher reaction efficiency is used. Also, the dimensions of the heat source material 7 /
Higher efficiency can be achieved by optimally selecting the shape, alloy component ratio / formation method, fluctuation control of current and voltage values used for temperature gradient application, (heavy) hydrogen gas filling pressure in the gas container, etc. Needless to say. For example, in this example, the largest excess thermal reaction was obtained when the deuterium gas filling pressure was 100 atm.

In the embodiment of the present invention described above, Pd
And a combination with an alloy whose main component is iron,
The same effect could be exhibited in various combinations using Ti as a substitute for Pd and yttrium, silver, and nickel as substitutes for iron.

[0021]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the present invention causes a highly efficient exothermic reaction in a solid by a new accumulation method of (deuterium) hydrogen in the solid, thereby providing an effective heat source. It is a thing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating accumulation of deuterium in a solid by a conventional vacuum method.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a heat generating method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the heat generating method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the heat generating method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Pd 2 D Atom 4, 41, 42 Interface 5 Au Thin Film Cover 6 Fe ₅₀ V ₄₅ Pt ₅ 7 Heat Source Material 8 Heater 9 Cooling Device 10 Temperature Gradient Forming Means 11 Deuterium Gas Container

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A first substance made of palladium or titanium and a second substance made of an alloy containing one element of iron, yttrium, nickel or silver in an amount of 50% or more in terms of composition are mutually phased. During or after the formation of an object having a structure arranged in contact, a gas composed of deuterium, light hydrogen, tritium or a combination thereof is occluded in the object, and the first substance side of the object is heated to a high temperature. And a temperature gradient for holding the second substance side at a low temperature are provided. 2. A first substance made of palladium or titanium, and a second substance made of an alloy containing one element of iron, yttrium, nickel, or silver in a proportion of 50% or more, Deuterium or deuterium or tritium, or a combination thereof during or after the formation of an object having a structure in which one substance and the second substance are mutually integrated to prevent mutual mixing A heat generation method, characterized in that a gas gradient is stored in the object, and a temperature gradient is maintained such that the first substance side of the object is kept at a high temperature and the second substance side is kept at a low temperature. 3. The heat generating method according to claim 2, wherein the third substance is aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, or manganese oxide and has a thickness of 10 angstroms or less. 4. A first substance made of palladium or titanium and a second substance made of an alloy containing one element of iron, yttrium, nickel or silver in an amount of 50% or more in terms of composition are mutually phased. A heat source material in which a gas composed of deuterium, light hydrogen, tritium, or a combination thereof is stored in an object having a structure arranged in contact, and the first substance side of the heat source material is kept at a high temperature. And a temperature gradient forming means for forming a temperature gradient that keeps the second substance side at a low temperature. 5. A first substance consisting of palladium or titanium, and a second substance consisting of an alloy containing one element of iron, yttrium, nickel or silver in a proportion of 50% or more, Storing a gas consisting of deuterium, light hydrogen, tritium, or a combination thereof in an object that has a structure in which one substance and the second substance are mutually integrated through a third substance that prevents mutual mixing. And a temperature gradient forming means for forming a temperature gradient in which the first substance side of the heat source material is kept at a high temperature and the second substance side is kept at a low temperature. Characteristic heating device. 6. The whole or a part of the heat source material is 0.5
The heating device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the heating device is arranged in a gas composed of deuterium, light hydrogen, tritium, or a combination thereof at an atmospheric pressure or higher.