JPH062013B2 - Trough mobile hydroponics facility - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a trough mobile hydroponics facility, and more specifically,
Troughs that allow the pitch of each trough to be gradually changed in order to increase the area efficiency of cultivation and increase the yield of leafy vegetables planted in a large number of flower pots supported by troughs through which nutrient solution flows. The present invention relates to a mobile hydroponics facility.

[Conventional technology]

In order to harvest leafy vegetables such as lettuce, spinach, salad vegetables, and Chinese cabbages in a short period of time, the greenhouse has a temperature control function, an electric lighting device is adopted, and a hydroponic cultivation method is adopted. There is. In a hydroponic cultivation apparatus, for example, as described in JP-A-57-177627, troughs, which are long gutters through which nutrients circulate, are installed in a plane in parallel, and the upper part of each trough is placed. In addition, a strip-shaped member having support holes drilled at regular intervals is inserted, and the pots in which the seedlings are planted are inserted and supported in the support holes so that early growth can be realized by sunlight or lightning. There is something I did.

By the way, since the leaves of a plant supported by a trough expand as it grows, care should be taken to maintain a predetermined pitch between the support holes of the strip-shaped members that are inserted into the trough and between adjacent troughs. To be done. For example, the center-to-center pitch between the support holes is 150 mm, and the center-to-center pitch of a trough having a rectangular cross section of 50 mm in length and width is also about 150 mm. However, if the troughs have the same pitch until the harvesting season, an unnecessary area will be required at the seedling stage when the leaves are not spread,
The amount of cultivation per planted area decreases.

Therefore, for example, as described in JP-A-59-95825, when the trough is moved in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the trough according to the growth stage, the pitch of the trough should be gradually widened. do it. In the above publication, the trough is not mechanically moved. However, in this type of device, a screw rod driven by an electric motor or a deceleration transmission mechanism is mounted on a gantry provided to mount several troughs arranged in parallel, and the screw pitch is gradually increased. In this way, the desired movement can be achieved by arranging so as to extend in the moving direction and attaching a crown-shaped nut member or engaging piece screwed only on the upper part of the screw rod to the outer surface of the bottom of the trough. be able to.

With this type of structure, it is possible to move the troughs all at once by rotating the threaded rods, so it is possible to add a subsequent trough group every day and expand the pitch of the preceding trough groups. The necessary trough groups are separated from each other at the position where the screw pitch changes, and subsequently moved at that large screw pitch.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

By the way, like the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation apparatus, as the seedlings of the flowerpot grow, in order to avoid the leaves from interfering with each other, a mechanical transfer device such as a screw rod for expanding the pitch of the adjacent troughs is used. If adopted, the equipment cost will be significantly increased. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the cost of hydroponics by increasing the total yield of leafy vegetables and realizing labor saving. Further, when the harvesting work space is provided only near the troughs in the harvesting season, the installation of another adjacent trough moving line may be restricted or its truncation may be forced.

If a harvesting site is provided separately, some of the troughs to be harvested must be transported at once by a forklift, etc., and the length of the trough is 7 to 8 for the convenience of transportation.
m, the length is limited to 10 m at the longest, and a wide passage space must be secured so that the trough can be transported to the harvesting area by a forklift and returned to the planting position. Therefore, the ratio of planted area to cultivated area becomes smaller,
There is a problem that the reduction of the land use rate and the reduction of the yield amount are inevitable.

Further, in the case of using the trough described above, it is necessary to clean and remove algae, aquatic plants and the like generated in the trough after the harvesting work, which requires time and labor for maintenance of the trough.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus in which leaf vegetables are cultivated using a trough, and the trough occupation area rate, that is, the leaf area crop planting area rate is reduced as much as possible. In order to increase the size, each trough can be transported and circulated in a trough row formed by a plurality of troughs that are arranged in parallel and adjacent to each other in a plane.
In the meantime, the pitch of adjacent troughs can be changed according to growth, planting and harvesting for each trough can be easily performed at the same place without taking it out of the trough movement line,
The trough transportation space for planting and harvesting can be reduced, the structure for moving the trough to the adjacent trough row can be simple, and the operating cost can be made inexpensive. A trough-moving hydroponic cultivation facility that realizes that it can be easily performed, labor productivity can be saved, labor saving in hydroponic cultivation can be achieved, and land use rate can be increased and the amount of leafy vegetables harvested can be significantly increased. Is to provide.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In the trough moving type hydroponic cultivation facility of the present invention, a plurality of troughs through which the strip-shaped member is inserted at the top and the nutrient solution is circulated at the bottom are arranged in parallel and in the same plane, and a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the trough. It is applied to hydroponic cultivation facilities that form a trough row extending to.

As for the feature, refer to FIG. 1 and refer to FIG.
Is detachably supported by the troughs 3, 3 via a strip-shaped member 12 (see FIG. 5) which can be drawn out and wound up. The pitch P of the spiral groove 4d (see FIG. 7) carved from the starting end side 3Ga of the trough row 3G toward the terminal end side 3Gb.
₁ , P _2, ... P ₁₈ are gradually enlarged, and the troughs 3 are attached via engaging pieces 16 (see FIG. 2) attached to the respective troughs 3, 3 which can be engaged with and disengaged from the spiral groove 4d. 3 is provided, and a pitch-increasing spiral-type rotating screw rod 4 is provided to convey each trough 3 in the extending direction of the trough row 3G. And
By rotating the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4,
A first trough row 3G ₁ that simultaneously conveys each trough 3 from the start side 3Ga to the end side 3Gb, and a direction opposite to the conveyance direction M of the first trough row 3G ₁ adjacent to the first trough row 3G _1. A trough circulation type 3A is formed by a second trough row 3G ₂ that simultaneously conveys each trough 3 to the N side from the start side 3Ga to the end side 3Gb. A ring groove 4e connected to a spiral groove 4d ₂ for further conveying the trough 3x in the respective conveying directions M and N is provided on the terminal end side 3Gb of each pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4.
(See FIG. 7) is formed, and at the working position 20 where the ring groove 4e is provided on the terminal side 3Gb of each trough row 3G ₁ and 3G ₂ ,
A planting / harvesting device 21 for planting from one end of each trough 3x and harvesting at the other end is installed. The trough 3x after the planting and harvesting work at the working position 20 is made to traverse to the adjacent trough row 3G so that the engaging piece 16 passes through the ring groove 4e, and at the starting end side 3Ga of the trough row 3G. A trough transfer device 33 that engages the engagement piece 16 with the spiral groove 4d _{1 of the} gradually increasing pitch rotary screw rod 4 is provided. As a result, the plurality of troughs 3 and 3 are connected to the first trough row 3G.
₂ and the second trough row 3G ₂ , while expanding the pitches P ₁ , P _2, ... P ₁₈ of each trough 3, the trough circulation systems 3A, 3
It is possible to repeat planting, growing and harvesting without moving B and taking out the trough 3 to the outside of the trough circulation systems 3A and 3B.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to promote the circulation of the nutrient solution 11 supplied to the troughs 3, 3, the troughs 3 of the trough row 3G are provided.
3 is inclined so as to descend toward the outer side 3s in the longitudinal direction of the trough 3, and the nutrient solution 11 is supplied to each trough 3 between the first trough row 3G ₁ and the second trough row 3G _2. It is advisable to provide a nutrient solution supply device 38 for flowing.

[Action]

In the first trough row 3G ₁ of the trough circulation system 3G, for example, 24 per day on the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4.
Book troughs 3, 3 are arranged. The troughs 3 and 3 for each day have pitches P ₁ , P ₂ ... P according to their growth rate.
Placed at ₁₈ . That is, since the engaging pieces 16 are attached to the respective troughs 3 and the engaging pieces 16 are engaged with the respective spiral grooves 4d of the pitch increasing spiral rotating screw rod 4, the pitch increasing spiral rotating screw is provided. Each time the rod 4 is rotated once, each trough 3 is sent to a position corresponding to its pitch P ₁ , P ₂ ... P ₁₈ .

Since the pitch-increasing spiral-type rotary screw rod 4 is rotated 24 times a day, the troughs 3, 3 installed on any day can be used for one day through the engagement of the engaging piece 16 with each spiral groove 4d. You can move the distance. When assembling the troughs 3 and 3 of the first day on the starting end side 3Ga, the ending end side 3G
In b, the same number of troughs 3, 3 are adjacent to the trough row 3
Moved to G ₂ . Therefore, when the pitch-increasing spiral-type rotary screw rod 4 is rotated once, the first spiral groove 4d ₁ on the starting end side 3Ga becomes empty, and the trough in which the pots 5 with the seedlings 6A planted on the strip-shaped member 12 are planted. 3 is loaded. When the pitch-increasing spiral type rotary screw rod 4 is further rotated once,
The next trough 3 is placed. At this time, the terminal side 3G
Harvesting and planting are carried out in the trough 3x at the top of b.

In this manner, the engaging pieces 16 of the 24 troughs 3, 3 on the first day are sequentially engaged with the pitch spiral groove 4d and incorporated into the gradually increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4. Meanwhile, incorporated on the previous day
24 troughs 3 and 3 are pitch-increasing spiral type rotating screw rods 4
Are moved toward the terminating side 3Gb while the mutual interval is enlarged according to the pitch given to. As a result, each 24
The troughs 3 and 3 of the book are moved every day, and the distance between them is increased according to the pitch of the spiral groove 4d of the spiral rotary screw rod 4 with gradually increasing pitch. Mutual interference is avoided as leaf vegetables 6 grow, and in addition, troughs 3, 3 are introduced at the seedling stage.
The space occupied by can be reduced. As a result, the number of troughs 3 to be incorporated in one trough row 3G can be doubled, for example, to increase the yield even in a narrow space.

The feeding interval of the nutrient solution by the nutrient solution supply device 38 corresponds to the pitch of the troughs 3, 3, and the nutrient solution is supplied to all the troughs 3 during and after the transportation of the troughs 3, 3. 11 is supplied from the same position. The nutrient solution 11 supplied to the trough 3 runs toward the outer side 3 s due to the inclination of the trough 3, and when it is recovered from the troughs 3 and 3, it is readjusted to an appropriate concentration and supplied again.

On the other hand, on the terminating side 3Gb, the trough 3x that has reached there
Is further moved to the working position 20 by the pitch-increasing spiral type rotary screw rod 4. The tip of the belt-shaped member 12 inserted through the trough 3x is wound up by the planting / harvesting device 21, and the plant pot 5 to be harvested is extracted at the other end, and at the same time, the seedling 6A is planted at the other end. The pots 5 are sequentially inserted and planted. At that time, roots are protruding from the plant pot 5 that moves in the trough 3x together with the wound belt-shaped member 12,
During the movement, algae, aquatic plants and the like generated in the trough 3x are removed.

As described above, when the harvesting and planting in the working position 20 are finished, the two workers engaged in harvesting and planting,
The trough 3x is traversed in the direction Q perpendicular to the transport direction N.
At that time, the traverse 3x being traversed is kept in contact with the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4 and the trough transfer device 33 does not lift the trough 3x, and the second trough row 3G ₂
Is transferred to the starting end side 3 Ga. In the second trough row 3G ₂ , since the starting end side 3Ga of the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4 is empty, the trough 3x is traversed to that position, and the engaging pieces 16, 16 of the trough 3x are spirally grooved. 4d ₁ is mounted on the gradually increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4 so as to engage with 4d ₁ .

In this way, one trough circulation system is sequentially transported without taking out any of the troughs 3 and 3 to the outside of the trough circulation system 3A, 3B, and labor saving is achieved, and land is efficiently used in a short period of time. The rate can be increased and leaf vegetables can be cultivated.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, a plurality of troughs that are arranged in a plane adjacent to each other in parallel are conveyed and circulated, and the pitch of the adjacent troughs can be expanded according to the growth of leafy vegetables during that time. The trough occupation area ratio, that is, the planted area ratio becomes as large as possible. Therefore, the yield of leafy vegetables will increase dramatically, resulting in higher investment efficiency and land use rate.

In addition, planting and harvesting for each trough incorporated in the first trough row and the second trough row that make up the trough row are easily performed at the same location, and further, the trough transportation for planting and harvesting is carried out. The space can be extremely small.
The structure that moves the trough to the adjacent trough row is simple,
The operating cost can be reduced, labor can be saved by reducing the amount of labor required for hydroponic cultivation, and cultivation costs can be reduced. In particular, even if the trough row cannot be made long, the device that traverses the trough row to the adjacent trough row is compact, so it is possible to reduce the area occupied by the mobile equipment and the ratio of equipment construction cost to the entire equipment. In addition, the increase in the planted area ratio can increase the sales.

Each trough of the first trough row and the second trough row is held in a posture inclined so as to become lower toward the outside thereof, and the nutrient solution is supplied to each trough from between the trough rows. Drainage is treated on both outside sides of the trough. As a result, it is possible to greatly simplify labor saving space for supplying and discharging the nutrient solution, improve labor productivity, save labor, and significantly reduce the cost required for hydroponics.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples thereof.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hydroponic cultivation facility 1 is installed in a room 2, and a plurality of troughs 3 form a trough row 3G extending in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction thereof. 3G trough row,
For example, there are two lines of a first trough row 3G ₁ forming an outward path and a second trough row 3G ₂ forming a return path, which form one trough circulation system 3A, and each trough 3, 3 has a pitch increasing spiral. The rotary screw rod 4 is circulated by movement by rotation. The long troughs 3, 3 are provided with engaging pieces 16 shown in FIG. 2 in spiral grooves 4d formed in the two rotating screw rods 4A, 4B that convey the trough rows 3G in the extending directions M, N. Are located above the floor surface 2a in a slightly inclined posture, and the first trough row 3G ₁ and the second trough row 3
Each G ₂ is arranged parallel to each other on the same plane.

In FIG. 1, two trough circulation systems 3A and 3B are arranged in the chamber 2, and the leaf vegetables 6 planted in the flower pots 5 (see FIG. 5) supported in each trough 3 are exposed to sunlight or troughs. Row 3G
Receives light from an electric lamp 7 (see FIG. 2) such as a sodium lamp or a halogen lamp installed above the
You can train them.

The hydroponic cultivation facility 1 may be installed outdoors, but since it is installed in the room 2 in this example, the temperature for adjusting the temperature in the room 2 is adjusted as shown in FIG. A temperature control duct 8 that blows cold air and a spray pipe 9 that blows fog water for adjusting the temperature inside the chamber 2 are laid below the trough row 3G. Further, a cold air duct 10 that blows cold air is installed above each trough row 3G.

In this facility, in order to promote the circulation of the nutrient solution 11 supplied to each trough 3, the inclined posture is such that the trough 3 is lowered at an angle of about 3 degrees toward the outer side 3s in the longitudinal direction. Then, in order to avoid contact and entanglement of the leaves with the growth of the leafy vegetables 6, as shown in FIG. 1, once a day, the screw pitches P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ corresponding to the growth are matched. It is transported by. If you are harvesting on the 18th day,
Working position for trough 3 on the 17th day from the first trough 3x
A spiral groove 4d _{2 having} a screw pitch P ₁₈ larger than the spiral groove 4d having a screw pitch P ₁₇ is also provided for moving to 20 (see FIG. 7).

For example, the troughs 3 incorporated in the first trough row 3G ₁
3 is set so that, for example, 24 (5 units in the figure) for one day from the starting end side 3 Ga to the terminating end side 3 Gb and the preceding 24 troughs 3, 3 incorporated on the previous day form different pitches. , Are conveyed all at once in the direction of arrow M. Even in the adjacent second trough row 3G ₂ whose conveyance direction is opposite, the trough 3 is conveyed in the direction of the arrow N while being expanded at the same pitch every day.

As shown in FIG. 5, the trough 3 is a thin-walled aluminum material having a substantially square cross section with a side length of about 50 mm, and is a hollow rectangular body having an open upper side and a length of 15 to 20 m, for example. Trough 3
A bottom portion 3a for circulating the nutrient solution 11, both side surfaces 3b, 3b, a support projection 3c for supporting the strip-shaped member 12 and a guide for inserting the same, and an upper piece 3d are formed inside. The band-shaped member 12 inserted in the trough 3 can move in the space 3f. In addition, the upper edge corner portion in the cross section of the trough 3 is rounded so as not to damage the leaves of the leafy vegetables 6 when touched. Also, the nutrient solution 11
The bottom portion 3a where the flowing water has a rounded corner so that the attached algae and aquatic plants can be easily removed. As shown in FIG. 2, the end of each trough 3 on the outer side 3s is located at the outflow port 13
The nutrient solution 11 can be discharged from the outlet 13 through the drainage belt 14 to the drainage trough 15. The drainage is collected from the drainage trough 15 into a nutrient solution tank (not shown) provided in the basement of the chamber 2, and is supplied to each trough 3 again after the components are adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 5, a projection-like engagement piece 16 is attached to the bottom surface 3i of the trough 3, and as shown in FIG. 2, the left and right two engagement pieces 16 and 16 are gradually increased in pitch. While being engaged with the spiral rotary screw rods 4A, 4B, each trough 3,
3 is loaded. It should be noted that the pitch gradually increasing spiral type rotating screw rod 4
Is rotated 24 times, which is equal to the number of troughs in one day, and the tip of the spiral groove 4d1 on the starting end side 3Ga shown in FIG. 7 comes to the position shown in FIG. Will be stopped exactly. Then, every time the pitch-increasing spiral-type rotary screw rods 4A, 4B make one revolution, the trough 3 placed on the spiral groove 4d1 moves toward the terminal end side 3Gb and has a screw pitch P ₁ , P ₁ , P _1, ..., P. ₂ , P ₂ ……, P ₃ , P ₃ …… P ₄ ,
P ₄ ......, is moved to such P _17, P ₁₇ .......

The trough 3 which has reached the terminal side 3 Gb by the rotation of the pitch gradually increasing spiral type screw rod 4 is further moved by the screw pitch P ₁₈ and reaches the working position 20, but the engaging pieces 16, 16 of the trough 3 x.
Is the ring groove 4 provided in series with the spiral groove 4d _2.
It is adapted to be engaged with e. The ring groove 4e
As shown in Figure 4, trough 3 has been planted and harvested.
This is to prevent the movement of the engagement piece 16 from being hindered when x is traversed from the trough row 3G to the adjacent trough row 3G (direction of arrow Q). Therefore, the ring groove 4e is formed at a right angle to the axis of the gradually increasing pitch rotary screw rod 4 and is formed on the entire circumference or the upper half of the rotary screw rod 4.

On the other hand, the troughs 3, 3 in the trough row 3G are indicated by arrows M,
A guide member 17A protruding downward as shown in FIG. 2 is provided on the bottom surface at the center in the longitudinal direction of each trough 3, 3 so as not to laterally shift when moving in the N direction. This guide member
17A is the guide bar 1 on the upper part of the pillar standing on the floor 2a.
Guided by 8A. The guide bar 18A is provided on the starting side 3Ga and the ending side 3G of each trough row 3G ₁ , 3G _2.
There is a break before work position 20 in b.
Care is taken not to get in the way when x crosses. However, at the working position 20, as shown in FIG. 4, the trough 3x shifts to the outer side 3s due to the weight, and the trough 3x does not move when the strip-shaped member 12 is moved during the harvesting work. 3g is provided on the pillar 3h.

Such a pitch increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4 is not limited to two as described above, but one pitch increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4 may be provided at the center of each trough row 3G. Good. At that time, as shown in FIG. 3, the trough 3
To the left and right of the engaging piece 16 located at the center of the guide member 17B,
17C attached and fixed guide bar 18
It may be fitted on the upper surfaces of B and 18C so as to maintain the correct movement posture. As shown in FIG. 1, the thin shaft portions extending from both ends of the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4 are attached to the bearing portions 4a and 4a provided at the starting end side 3Ga and the ending side Gb of the trough row 3G. Supported. Of course, the intermediate portion is also supported by some bearings 4b, so that the bending deformation of the long pitch gradually increasing spiral rotary screw rods 4A, 4B is prevented. Incidentally, the geared motor 4c or the like, which is a drive source of the pitch-increasing spiral type rotary screw rods 4A and 4B, is installed on the starting end side 3Ga or the ending side 3Gb.

The band-shaped member 12 inserted into the space 3f formed between the upper piece 3d of the trough 3 and the support projection 3c shown in FIG. 5 is made of a slightly hard plastic and has a flexibility of, for example, about 2 mm. I have. The support member 12a is formed in the belt-shaped member 12.
(See FIG. 6) are formed at a constant interval D, for example, at a pitch of 150 mm, and the diameter thereof is set to a size for supporting and supporting the support collar 5a formed on the upper part of the main body of the plant pot 5. The diameter of the support collar 5a is larger than the opening 3e of the upper piece 3d of the trough 3, and the support collar 5a prevents the plant pot 5 from falling or falling out. In addition, the upper piece 3d and the support projection 3
The cross-sectional shape of the tip end portion with c is rounded (see FIG. 5), and the slide resistance when the band-shaped member 12 is wound and unwound is reduced.

A large number of vermiculite grains 19 are placed in the plant pot 5, and the roots are wetted with vermiculite grains and extend from the slits 5b formed on the side and bottom surfaces of the main body to absorb nutrients from the nutrient solution 11 flowing through the trough 3. can do. The flower pot 5 is, for example, in the shape of a container formed by hot pressing a 0.2 mm thick plastic sheet.

By the way, the above-mentioned gradually increasing pitch spiral rotary screw rod 4A,
4B, as shown in FIG. 7, from the starting end side 3Ga of the trough row 3G to the terminal end side 3Gb, the screw pitch P ₁ ,
The spiral groove 4d of P ₂ , ... P ₁₇ is engraved,
Harvest the trough 3x reaching the end side 3Gb shown in the figure.
On the 18th day of planting, the screw pitch P ₁₈ for further carrying in the carrying direction, that is, the direction of the arrow M or the direction of the arrow N and moving to the working position 20 is, for example, 200 mm.

As will be described later, when the pitch P ₁ on the first day is 50 mm, the gap between the troughs 3, 3 becomes zero. And, for example, 2
Pitch on day P ₂ = 1.2P ₁ , pitch P ₃ on day ₃ = 1.4
P ₁ , ..., Pitch of 17th day P ₁₇ = 3.0P _{1 If} the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rods 4A, 4B rotate,
The trough 3 engaged with the spiral groove 4d having the screw pitch P ₂
Is being expanded 1.2 times the trough 3 which is engaged with the spiral groove 4d of the screw pitch P _1, the trough 3 is engaged with the spiral groove 4d of the thread pitch P ₁₇ is the spiral groove 4d thread pitch P ₁
It is transported so that it can be expanded to 150 mm, which is 3.0 times the trough engaged with.

The above explanation is explained by increasing the pitch change of troughs 3 and 3 every day, but in consideration of the fact that the growth of the first few days does not exceed the width of trough 3, it is 50mm. The pitch is maintained for several days. After that, the pitch is changed stepwise.

Terminal side 3 of the first trough row 3G ₁ and the second trough row 3G ₂
At the working position 20 of Gb, as shown in FIG. 4, a winder for winding the strip-shaped member 12 for harvesting the mature leaf vegetables 6.
21A and a harvesting device 21A provided with a washer 21b for cleaning the belt-shaped member 12 and a planting device 21B shown by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. Ie working position
In the trough 3x at 20, the winding end of the strip 12 is connected to the winder 21a. When you wind it up, the planting device
On the 21B side, the thick side that secures a length of one trough or more is paid out, and on the other hand, on the harvesting device 21A side, the strip-shaped member 1
The leaf vegetables 6 are taken out from 2 together with the flower pots 5 by the operator. At the same time, on the side of the planting device 21B, the planting pot 5 in which the seedling 6A is planted is moved by the operator to the support hole 12
inserted in a. Once this harvesting and planting work is complete,
From the left side of the figure to the right side, the thick side is reversed. It should be noted that the planting device 21B itself is sufficient as long as it is a stand by which the planting device 5 waits until the planting pot 5 is inserted, but when a planting robot is adopted, it may be arranged as a planting device. When the harvesting and planting work is completed, the clip is passed through the center of the winding thin portion or the winding thick portion of the belt-shaped member 12 so that the left and right ends of the clip are on both side surfaces 3b, 3 of the trough 3.
The strip-shaped member 12 can be compactly assembled by sandwiching it on the outer wall b (see FIG. 5).

The harvested leafy vegetables 6 taken out together with the plant pots 5 in the working position 20 are fed by a belt conveyor 31 installed in a shallow pit 32 extending in the lateral direction of the chamber 2 as shown in FIG.
It is carried out to the packaging and shipping room outside the room 2. If such a conveyor 31 is used, labor can be saved, and the area occupied by the chamber 2 can be reduced.

The trough 3x that has been harvested and planted is pushed manually in the direction of the arrow Q by a worker engaged in harvesting and planting work, and is easily traversed to the adjacent trough row 3G using the trough transfer device 33. It is like this. The trough moving device 33 comprises a first transfer roller 33A and a second transfer roller 33B shown in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b). The first transfer roller 33A
Is installed between the first trough row 3G ₁ and the second trough row 3G _{2 at} the working position 20, and the second transfer roller 33B is located below the starting end side 3Ga of each trough row 3G, as shown in FIG. It is provided in the part.

As shown in FIG. 9 (a), the first transfer roller 33A includes a support 33a, a case 33b integrated at the top of the support 33a, a shaft 33c fixed to the case 33b, and a shaft 33c via a bearing. The roller main body 33d is rotatably attached, and the upper surface of the roller main body 33d is located on the extension line of the trough 3x (see FIG. 4). Trough 3x engagement piece 16
Passes through the ring grooves 4e of the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rods 4A and 4B and traverses as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 4, but when one end of the trough 3 is deposited in the roller body 33d, As shown in FIG. 9A, both sides of the bottom surface 3i of the roller body 33d are placed on the placing surface 33f, and the flange 33
g prevents falling off. Both mounting surfaces 33f, 33
A space 33i is formed between f and the bottom surface 3i of the trough 3x.
The engagement piece 16 and the guide member 17A projecting downward from the passage can be allowed to pass.

On the other hand, the second transfer roller 33B shown in FIG. 9 (b) has the same structure as that of the first transfer roller 33A, but the traversed trough 3x is moved to the pitch increasing spiral rotary screw rods 4A, 4B. The upper surfaces of the two pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rods 4A and 4B are connected so that the top of the second transfer roller 33B does not hit the bottom surface 3i of the trough 3 when moving in the arrow N direction or the arrow M direction. It is located below the line. The second transfer roller 33B supports the trough 3x in a state as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. Therefore, when the trough 3x is traversed as it is, the tip of the trough 3x gradually increases in pitch.
Since it collides with A, the tip of the trough 3x is supported by the operator at that time, and the operator may let go when the engaging piece 16 reaches the pitch increasing spiral rotary screw rod 4A. Even if the trough 3x has a length of 20 m, its weight can be easily supported by the operator's hand.

As described above, the pitch-increasing spiral type rotary screw rod 4A is always stopped after one rotation, so that the trough train 3 shown in FIG.
As shown in G ₁ , the end of the spiral groove 4d ₁ is always located on the upper side, and the first engaging piece while the trough 3x traverses.
16 can pass through the spiral 4d ₁ of the gradually increasing pitch rotary screw rod 4B and reach the spiral groove 4d ₁ of the rotary screw rod 4A. Therefore, a slight straight line portion is secured in the spiral groove 4d ₁ as shown in FIG. 1, and the groove bottom is horizontal as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. ₂ , a nutrient solution supply device 38 is installed between the first trough row 3G ₁ and the second trough row 3G ₂ . This consists of a nutrient solution supply main pipe 39 and a flexible branch pipe hose 40 branched from this nutrient solution supply main pipe 39, and the nutrient solution supply main pipe 39 is attached to a nutrient solution tank provided in the basement. It is connected to a transfer pump (not shown). Branch hose 40
Is a flexible rubber tube or the like, and supplies the nutrient solution 11 from the branch tube hose 40 to the inner sides 3t of both troughs 3, 3 that face each other with the nutrient solution supply main tube 39 interposed therebetween. The nutrient solution 11 is absorbed by the leafy vegetables 6 while flowing through the bottom of the trough 3, and the remaining nutrient solution 11 is guided from the outlet 13 to the drainage belt 14 and led to the drainage trough 15.

As described above in detail, with this device, it is not necessary to transport several troughs to be harvested at once by a forklift, etc., and the trough can be lengthened to 20 m, etc. Is realized. There is no need for a passage space for transportation to the harvesting area by a forklift and return transportation to the fixed planting position, and the ratio of the planted area to the cultivated area can be dramatically increased.
Even if the trough line is as short as 20m to 30m, the device that traverses the trough from the end side to the start side is simplified, and the installation cost and operating cost are low. In addition, since the trough for one day is moved every day and the interval is gradually expanded, it is possible to close the interval at the seedling stage, and as a whole, double the harvest when equidistantly arranged. Can be expected. In addition, although the above-mentioned devices are provided as an example in which they are installed indoors, the present invention can be applied even when they are installed outdoors.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall plan view when two trough circulation systems are provided in the trough movement type hydroponic cultivation facility of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. Is a front view of a trough row with a pitch-increasing spiral type rotary screw rod arrangement being different, FIG. 4 is a view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the trough alone, and FIG. VI-VI line arrow view of the figure,
FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining conveyance of a trough and increase in pitch change by a pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod, and FIGS. 8A and 8B are a first transfer roller and a first transfer roller constituting a trough transfer device. 3A and 3B are structural explanatory views of a second transfer roller. 1 ... Trough mobile hydroponics facility, 3,3x ... Trough, 3A, 3B ... Trough circulation system, 3G ... Trough row,
3G ₁ ... 1st trough row, 3G ₂ ... 2nd trough row, 3G
a: start side, 3Gb ... end side, 3a ... bottom part, 3s
...... Outer side, 4, 4A, 4B ...... Pitch gradually increasing spiral type rotary screw rod, 4d, 4d ₁ , 4d ₂ ...... Spiral groove, 4e ...... Ring groove, 5 …… Flower pot, 11 …… Nutrient solution , 12 ... band-shaped member,
16 ...... engagement piece, 20 ...... working position, 21 ...... planting and harvesting device, 33 ...... trough transfer device, 38 ...... nutrient solution supply system, P ₁ to P ₁₈ thread pitch, M, N ...... Transport direction, Q ...
… In the transverse direction.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-3-127919 (JP, A) JP-A-63-126439 (JP, A) JP-A-63-60971 (JP, A) 959 (JP, U)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of troughs, through which a strip-shaped member is inserted in the upper part and through which nutrient solution flows in the bottom part, are arranged in parallel and in the same plane to form a trough row extending in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the trough. In the hydroponics facility, the pots are detachably supported by the troughs via the strip-shaped members that can be unwound and wound, and are engraved from the start end side to the end side of the trough row. The pitch of the spiral groove is gradually increased, and the trough can be mounted via the engaging pieces attached to the troughs that can be engaged with and disengaged from the spiral groove, and the troughs can be mounted in the extending direction of the trough row. A pitch-increasing spiral-type rotating screw rod for conveying is provided, and by rotating the pitch-increasing spiral-type rotating screw rod, the first trough row and the first trough that simultaneously convey each trough from the start end side to the end side. In a row A trough circulation system is formed by a second trough row which contacts and simultaneously conveys each trough from the starting end side to the end side in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the first trough row. A ring groove is formed on the terminal side of each of the troughs, the ring groove being connected to a spiral groove that further conveys the troughs in the respective conveying directions. A planting / harvesting device for planting from the end and harvesting at the other end is installed, and the trough after the planting and harvesting work at the work position is
A trough that allows the engaging piece to traverse to the adjacent trough row so as to pass through the ring groove, and engages the engaging piece with the spiral groove of the pitch-increasing spiral rotary screw rod on the starting end side of the trough row. A transfer device is provided, and the plurality of troughs moves in the trough circulation system while expanding the pitch of each trough in the first trough row and the second trough row, and takes out the trough to the outside of the trough circulation system. A trough-moving hydroponic cultivation facility characterized by being able to repeat planting, growing, and harvesting without having to do so. 2. The troughs of each of the trough rows are inclined downward toward the outer side in the longitudinal direction of the troughs in order to promote the circulation of the nutrient solution supplied to the troughs. The trough moving type hydroponic cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein a nutrient solution supply device for flowing a nutrient solution to each trough is provided between the trough and the second trough row.